Performance Ongole Grade and Simmental Ongole Crossbred Cow at
Village Breeding Center and Non Village Breeding Center at Special
Region Yogyakarta, Indonesia
E, Baliarti2, F, Ariyanti1, Ismaya2, N Ngadiyono2, I Gede S Budisatria2 and Panjono2
1
Graduate Student at Animal Science Program, Faculty of Animal Science UGM, 2Professor at Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Corresponding email: bali_arti@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The research aims to determine cow performance of Ongole Grade (OG) and Simmental Ongole Crossbred cow (SOC) in terms of feed consumption, body condition score (BCS) and post partum estrus (PPE) at village breeding center (VBC) vs non village breeding center (NVBC). This research was conducted on April until December 2012 in 6 groups VBC (Sumber Ayu, Andhini Rahayu, Ngudi Makmur I, Andhini Mulyo, Trimanunggal Lembusuro, Trihandini Rejo) vs 2 groups NVBC (Sedyo Makmur, Andhini). The material used were OG (22 heads), SOC cow (16 heads) at VBC and OG (8 heads), SOC cow (10 heads) at NVBC. All the animals had been observed since the last pregnant period until PPE. Cow weight ranged from 260 kg to 380 kg with BCS score 2 to 3 on a scale of 5. Data of feed intake, BCS and PPE were collected and analyzed by randomized complete block design (RCBD) with location and cow factor by block. The feed intake of OG and SOC cow in term of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) was not different (P > 0,05). There were not significant different at BCS of OG and SOC cow at VBC vs NVBC from calving until PPE, the range BCS on a scale 2 to 2.8. Similarly, no significant identified between PPE of OG and SOC cow at VBC and at VBC in 105.42±30.75 days, 104±24,46 days vs 103.85±17.70 days, 110.57±14.60 days). It’s concluded that cow performance of OG and SOC cow were not significant different at VBC vs NVBC.
Key Words: Performance, OG, SOC, VBC, NVBC
INTRODUCTION
In order to support germ plasm preservation of Ongole Grade (OG), the development of village breeding center (VBC) needs to be developed. Village breeding center (VBC) is a region that is based on the development of livestock breeding efforts which is grouped as breeders group (Department of Agriculture, 2008). Ongole grade is potential to be developed because it has excellence as tropical cattle. Village breeding center development in the area of Yogyakarta Special Province is directed to preserve OG, but in reality, there is Simmental Ongole Crosbreed cow (SOC) in the VBC. One of information from a variety of sources about the problem of the mother reproducibility problem which is not optimal is known that the body condition score (BCS) is less and PPE is more than 90 days. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the performance of cow in the VBC group compared with non VBC group (NVBC).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research was conducted in the six VBC groups and 2 NVBC groups from March to December 2012 see Table 1 below. The material is in the form of OG and SOC cow in VBC groups (22 heads, 16 heads) and in NVBC groups (8 heads, 10 heads) are involved since old pregnant until the PPE. The cows’ weights were ranged from 260 kg to 380 kg with BCS 2 to 3 on a scale of 5. The equipment used are weight scales with capacity of 1,000 kg and 120 kg, accuracy of 1 kg, and the brands are FHK and Oxone, digital feed scale with capacity 50 kg, accuracy of 0, 1 kg, and the brand is Wei Heng, feed scale with capacity of 5 kg, accuracy of
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0.001 kg, and the brand is Digital Life, Willey mill milling machine with diameter of sieve 1 mm for grinding the feed and feces sample, a unit of dry matter (DM) analysis tool and organic material (OM) for feed and feces samples.
Table 1. Research Locations
The variables observed were feed intake, BCS and PPE of OG cows compared with SOC cows in VBC and NVBC groups. The BCS assessment was carried out by visual observation to suspect the existence of body fat reserves in the spine and ribs (Edmonson et al., 1989). Body condition score assessment was done during the cows gave birth, recorded every month until the PPE. Post partum estrus (PPE) was calculated when first estrus after the cows giving birth by visual observation. The data of feed intake, BCS and the cows’ PPE were analyzed with a randomized complete block design (RCBD).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The feed given are king grass, elephant grass, field grass, fresh straw, peanut straw, sweet potato leaves, bran, rice bran, pollard and kleci. Average feed consumption of OG and SOC
cows were based on the sampling results. It can be seen in the Table 2 below.
Table 2. Feed Intake
Parameter OG (n=4) SOCC (n=8)
Body weight (kg)) 286,56 ± 29,04a 372,79 ± 74,91b
DM intake (kg/head/day) 10,94 ± 2,98 9,89 ± 1,65
DM intake (%BW) 3,77 ± 0,73a 2,74 ± 0,64b
DM intake (g/kgMBW) 155,57 ± 33,46a 119,25 ±2 4,75b
CP intake (g/head/day) 823,16 ± 476,97 813,28 ± 152,14
CP intake (%BW) 7,60 ± 2,34 7,88 ± 0,93
CP intake (g/kgMBW) 11,61 ± 6,51 9,35 ± 1,72
TDN intake (kg/head/day) 5,06 ± 2,12 5,34 ± 0,80
TDN intake (%DM) 50,06 ± 3,55 51,80 ± 3,30
TDN intake (g/kgMBW) 71,53 ± 28,28 61,19 ± 6,21
a,b
Different supercript in same row is different (P< 0.05)
Abreviation: DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein), MBW (metabolic body weight), TDN (total digestible nutrients). The OG and SOC cows’ weight in Table 2 were significantly different, but did not affect their feed intake in the form of DM, CP and TDN (kg/head/day). This can occur because OG cows have the ability to utilize feed optimally and have been adaptive to the feed. The results show that OG and SOC Cows consumption for DM are lower than that was reported by Eny et al. (2010) which is 10.95 ± 1.03 kg/head/day and 13.99 ± 2.64 kg/head/day, but relatively similar to that is reported by Syafii (2011) which is 8.13 ± 0.38 kg/head/day and 11.21 ± 0.19 kg/head/day. Average consumption for DM of OG and SOC cows were calculated in body weight percentage showed differences since OG cows were able to consume more feed and more adaptive to the feed given. Consumption for DM and CP in the research results higher than Syafii’s (2011) because there were different types
Livestock Farmer Groups Address Ket
Sumber Ayu Brayut, Pendowoharjo, Sleman VBC
Andhini Rahayu Betakan, Moyudan, Sleman VBC
Sedyo Makmur Sruni, Cangkringan, Sleman NVBC
Andhini Kenaruhan, Turi, Sleman NVBC
Ngudi Makmur I Salam Gelangan, Jetis, Bantul VBC
Andhini Mulyo Menden, Sewon, Bantul VBC
Trimanunggal Lembusuro Rejowinangun, Yogyakarta VBC
Trihandini Rejo Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta VBC
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of feeds and the cows are more adaptive to the feed given so that the nutrients consumed were higher even though there were differences in OG and and SOC cows’ weight. Godoy et al. (1998) adds that there is a correlation between postpartum reproductive appearances with
nutrient adequacy.
Body Condition Score (BCS)
The BCS changes on OG and SOC cows after post partum to PPE in VBC and NVBC groups can be seen in Table 3
Table 3. BCS change on OG and SOCC
ns
: non signifikan(non significant)
Body condition score of OG and SOC cows at VBC and NVBC groups were different and unreal either when post partum until PPE appeared on about 2 to 2.8 from a scale of 5. The cows raising systems conducted by the farmers are relatively same so it did not affect the cows’ BCS. Furthermore, Dunn (1980) states that the parent who suffered feed inadequacy can affect the productivity and cause deterioration in the capability of raising children and extending the PPE.
Post Partum Estrus
The average occurrence of PPE in OG and SOC cows were showed in Table 4 below.
Table 4. Post partum estrus OG and SOCC (day)
PPE VBCns NVBCns
There is no real difference of PPE in OG and SOC cow in VBC.and NVBC groups. The research results showed that PPE in OG was different with what were reported by Ariyanti (2010) in Sleman, but were relatively similar for SOC cow; the PPE was 151.84±13.97 days and 103.16±7.01 days. There were no difference for post partum estrus between OG and SOC cows at the VBC and NVBC groups due to the way of rising animals are similar; the cows are grounded in individual stalls and always tethered. Based on the research by Sugiharto et al.
(2004) it is reported that OG cows that are kept in individual stalls have PPE 112.5±33.1 days.
The results of correlation test between BCS and PPE of OG and SOC cows showed a close relationship, that cows with a low BCS will take longer to bring PPE as their body's cholesterol are only available in small quantities. According to Suharto et al. (2008),
nutritional deficiencies in the breast-feeding cows will lead to a low availability of cholesterol in the formation of estradiol, because cholesterol is the main material for the synthesis of estradiol so that it may result to the non-occurrence of LH surge.
CONCLUSION
The cows’ performance in feed consumption, BCS and PPE OG and SOC cows are not different either in VBC or NVBC groups.
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