Tenggelamnya Kedaulatan dan Hak Berdaulat?
Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Yurisdiksi Maritim dan Alternatif Solusinya
I Made Andi Arsana madeandi@ugm.ac.id
Jurusan Teknik Geodesi, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada Kandidat Doktor di University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
Alamat: Jl, Grafika No. 2 Yogyakarta. Telp: (0274) 6492121 Fax: (0274) 520226
Abstract
Sea level rise is one of the manifestations of climate change. While debates concerning the
cause and the rate have been inconclusive, the impacts of sea level rise have been clearly felt
around the globe. One of the impacts of sea level rise is the inundation of coastal area. The
inundation or submergence of land area in coastal area will change the shape of coastline
which in turn will change coastal States’ baselines. The change of baselines can consequently
change the outer limits of maritime jurisdiction zones measured from baselines.
This paper investigates the impact of sea level rise to the change of baselines and maritime
limits a coastal state may claim. It has been identified that sea level rise can shift the location
of baselines landward, which in turn may cause the shrinkage of maritime size a coastal state
is entitled to. In addition, sea level rise can also change the legal status of insular features
(small islands/rocks and low tide elevation) that will also affect their capacity in making
maritime claim. Put simply, climate change can potentially change coastal States’ maritime
entitlement limit. On the other hand, there is a need to have fixed maritime limits for better
management and to balance rights and duties of coastal to the ocean. This paper provides
options on how coastal states can fix their baselines and or maritime limits in the face of
coastal instability due to sea lever rise as a consequence of climate change.
Keywords: baselines, climate change, sovereignty, jurisdiction, maritime limits
