Makalah Biokimia Darah

(1)

MAKALAH

PRAKTIKUM BIOKIMIA

DARAH

NAMA

NAMA KELOMPOK

KELOMPOK

::

L

LIILLIIS S LLIIAANNAA ( ( 1414443300550000667 7 )) W

WUULLAAN N PPUURRNNAAMMA A DDEEWWII ( ( 1144443300550000771 1 )) FI

FIRSRSTITIAN NAN NUGUGRARAHA HA PRPRAATTAAMAMA ( 1( 144443030505007072 )2 )

Fa!"#a$ Fa%&a$'

U'*%$'#a$ 17 A+!$#!$ 1,45

2015

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BAB I BAB I

PENDAHULUAN PENDAHULUAN

A.

A. LALATTAR AR BELBELAKAAKANGNG

Da%a-. /'%/!$' /a"a& $!&$!& #!"a+ /a%' $*" a+ /'$*!# "!%'#*#'a" $#*& *"" Da%a-. /'%/!$' /a"a& $!&$!& #!"a+ /a%' $*" a+ /'$*!# "!%'#*#'a" $#*& *"" (PS) Ra#a%a#a %a+ /*8a$a&*&'"'' 5.5 "'#*% /a%a- Da%a- #*%/'%' /a%' 2 &* a'#! (PS) Ra#a%a#a %a+ /*8a$a&*&'"'' 5.5 "'#*% /a%a- Da%a- #*%/'%' /a%' 2 &* a'#! "a$&a

"a$&a /a /a $*" $*" /a%a-. /a%a-. /*+a /*+a &$'$' &$'$' 559 559 /a%a- /a%a- &*%!aa &*%!aa "a$&a "a$&a /a%a- /a%a- /a /a $'$aa$'$aa 459 a/a"a- $*"$*" /a%a- P"a$&a /a%a- #*%/'%' /a%' 3 &*.a'#!: P%#*'. a'% /a 8a$#* 459 a/a"a- $*"$*" /a%a- P"a$&a /a%a- #*%/'%' /a%' 3 &*.a'#!: P%#*'. a'% /a 8a$#* %/!#

%/!# S*" S*" /a%a- /a%a- !+a !+a #*%/'%' #*%/'%' /a%' /a%' 3 3 &*.a'#!: $&*.a'#!: $*" *" /a%a- /a%a- &*%a-. &*%a-. $*" $*" /a%a- /a%a- !#'- !#'- /a/a "a#*"*#

"a#*"*#

Ga&a% 1 S*"$*" Ga&a% 1 S*"$*" /a%a-Pa

Pa/a /a //'$' '$' %&%&a"a". . -a-aa a $*"$*"$*$*" " &a&a#a#a+ + aa+ + /'/'#*&#*&!!a a /a/a"a& "a& $'%$'%!!"a"a$'$' P*%

P*%!a!a-a -a /a"/a"a& a& %%/!/!$' $' /a /a ;!;!+$' +$' /a%/a%' ' $*"$*"$*" $*" /a%/a%a- a- &*&***/'a/'aa a ';';%&%&a$' a$' !#!#! ! *%#'&a+a /'a+$'$.

*%#'&a+a /'a+$'$. %+$'$. %*$ %+$'$. %*$ #*%-a/a #*#*%-a/a #*%a' a+ %a' a+ /'*%'a /a /'*%'a /a **&!-a**&!-a a$'*P*%-'#!+a

a$'*P*%-'#!+a /a%a- /a%a- "*+a "*+a /'"a!a /'"a!a !#! !#! &*/aa#a &*/aa#a +a&a%a +a&a%a *%!a-a *%!a-a a+a+ /'&a$!/

/'&a$!/

<

< RURUMUMUSASAN N MAMASASALALAHH

SEL DARAH MERAH SEL DARAH MERAH

PLATELET PLATELET SEL DARAH PUTIH

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1 Aa a+ /' &a$!/ /*+a 2 Maa& = &aa& *&*%'$aa /a%a-3 S*!#a ;!+$' /a%a- &a!$'a

4 S*!#a *"a'a = *"a'a /a%a- a/a &a!$'a

 TU>UAN

1 M*+*#a-!' *+*%#'a

2 M*+*#a-!' &aa&  &aa& *&*%'$aa 3 M*+*#a-!' ;!+$'

4 M*+*#a-!' *"a'a = *"a'a

/a%a-BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

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Da%a- a/a"a- a'%a a+ #*%/aa# a/a &a-"! -'/! a+ *%;!+$' $*a+a' a"a# #%a$%#a$' ?a# $**%#' $'+*. a-a -a$'" &*#a"'$&* #!!-. *%#a-aa #!!- /a%' $*%a+a !&a. /a "a' $*a+a'a <*/a -a"a /*+a #!&!-a. &a!$'a /a -*8a "**" #'++' !a $'$#*& #%a$%#a$' /*+a /a%a- Da%a- &*%!aa $!a#! a'%a a+ $a+a# *#'+ a+' &a!$'a a%*a *%;!+$' $*a+a' a"a# #%a$%#a$' $*%#a &*&'"'' aa *+!aa "a'a !#! &*!a+ *-'/!a Taa /a%a- a+ !! $*$*%a+ /aa# &*+a"a&' +a++!a *$*-a#a /a a-a /aa# &*+a'a#a *&a#'a

Da%a- a/a #!!- &a!$'a &*+a/!+ 559 "a$&a /a%a- (a'%a /a%a-) /a 459 $*"$*" /a%a- (/a%a- a/a#) >!&"a- /a%a- a+ a/a a/a #!!- '#a a'#! $*'#a% $**%#'+a*"a$ *%a# #!!- %a+ /*8a$a a#a! $*'#a% 4 a#a! 5 "'#*%

2.2 Fng!i Darah Pa"a T#h Man!ia $

1 A"a# *+a+!# a'% /a &**a%aa * $*"!%!- 2 A"a# *+a+!# $'+* /a &**a%aa * $*"!%!- 3 A"a# *+a+!# $a%' &aaa /a &**a%aa * $*"!%!- #!!-4 A"a# *+a+!# -a$'" $'/a$' !#! /'!a+ &*"a"!' a"a# *$%*$' 5 A"a# *+a+!# +*#a- -%& /a%' *"*a% !#!

6 M*a+a $!-! #*&*%a#!%

#!!-7 M**+a- ';*$' /*+a $*" /a%a- !#'-. a#'/' /a $*" /a%a- *! @ M*+a#!% *$*'&a+a a$a& a$a #!!-. /""

2.% Ke&ainan "arah 'a"a (an!ia 1 Ane(ia ) Pen*a+it Krang Darah

A*&'a a/a"a- $!a#! /'$' /' &aa #!!- '#a *!%a+a /a%a- a'a# !%a+a a/!+a -*&+"' /a"a& /a%a- A'a#a #!!- aa *!%a+a $'+* /a *%a$a "*&a$ a%*a -*&+"' *%#!+a$ &*+'a# $'+* !#! /'$*a%a * $*"!%!- a/a

2. He(,-i&i ) He(,-i&ia ) Pen*a+it Darah S&it Be+

H*&;'"'a a/a"a- $!a#! *a'# a#a! *"a'a a/a /a%a- a+ $!a% &*&*! 'a #*%a/' "!a H*&;'"' &*%!aa *a'# #!%!a

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%. Hi'erten!i ) Pen*a+it Darah Tinggi

H'*%#*$' a/a"a- #*aa /a%a- #'++' a+ /'a'a#a "*- a/aa **&'#a *&!"!- /a%a- /*+a $'$#"'$ $*'#a% 140200 &&H+ $*%#a #*aa /'a$#"'$'$ !%a+

"*'-a#a%a ,0110 &&H+

. Hi',ten!i ) Pen*a+it Darah Ren"ah

H'#*$' a/a"a- #*aa /a%a- %*/a- /*+a #*aa $'$#"'$ /' a8a- 100 &&H+ (&'"'&*#*% H/%a%+%!&  &'"' &*#*% a'% %a$a)(H/%a%+%!& B a'% %a$a)

/. 0ari!e! ) Pen*a+it Ot,t Ni(#&

Ca%'$*$ a/a"a- *"*a%a a/a *&!"!- *a a+ &*&!a# *&!"!- /a$a% &*&*$a% /a #*%"'-a# $*a%a a$a# &a#a a+ !&!&a #*%/aa# a/a a+'a "'a#a *#'$

. Pen*a+it Kning Ba*i

P*a'# !'+ a/a aa a' a/a"a- *"a'a a'a# a/aa +a++!a *%!$aa $*"$*" /a%a- "*- a+"!#'' $a+ '!

. S+&er,!i!

S"*%$'$ a/a"a- *a'# *"a'a a/a *&!"!- a/' $'$#*& #%a$%#a$' a+ &*a/' *%a$

3. Mi,+ar"iti!

M'a%/'#'$ a/a"a- $!a#! *"a'a a'a# #*%a/'a %a/a+ a/a ## a#!+

4. Tr,(#! ) E(#,&!

T%&!$ a/a"a- *"a'a a+ #*%/aa# a/a a#!+ a+ /'$*aa "*- a/aa +!&a"a /' /a"a& a/' #a!

15. Le+i(ia ) Pen*a+it Kan+er Darah

L*!'&'a a/a"a- *a'# a+ &*+a'a#a %/!$' $*" /a%a- !#'- #'/a #*%#%" a/a $'$#*& #%a$%#a$'

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2. Pe(eri+!aan Darah Leng+a'

P*&*%'$aa Da%a- L*+a (&"*#* <"/ !#  <) a'#! $!a#! *'$

*&*%'$aaa *a%'+ !#! &*!a+ /'a+$a $!a#! *a'# /a a#a! !#!

&*"'-a# a+a'&aa %*$ #!!- #*%-a/a $!a#! *a'# D'$a&'+ '#! !+a

*&*%'$aa '' $*%'+ /'"a!a !#! &*"'-a# *&a!a a#a! %*$ #*%a' a/a

a$'* a+ &*/*%'#a $!a#! *a'# ';*$'

P*&*%'$aa Da%a- L*+a #*%/'%' /a%' **%aa *'$ a%a&*#*% *&*%'$aa. a'#!

1 H*&+"' 2 H*&a#%'# 3 L*!$'# (W-'#* <"/ *""  W<) 4 T%&$'# ("a#*"*#) 5 E%'#%$'# (R*/ <"/ *""  R<) 6 I/*$ E%'#%$'# (MC. MH. MH)

7 La! E/a Da%a- a#a! E%'#-%#* S*/'&*#a#' Ra#* (ESR)

@ H'#!+ >*'$ L*!$'# (D';; !#)

, P"a#*"*# D'$%'!#' W'/#- (PDW)

10R*/ *"" D'$#%'!#' W'/#- (RDW)

P*&*%'$aa Da%a- L*+a 'a$aa /'$a%aa *a/a $*#'a a$'* a+ /a#a+

* $!a#! R!&a- Sa'# a+ /'$*%#a' /*+a $!a#! +*a"a "''$. /a 'a /'/aa#a

-a$'" a+ /'"!a% '"a' %&a" 'a$aa /'"a!a *&*%'$aa "a!#a a+

"*'-$*$';' #*%-a/a +a++!a #*%$*!#. $*-'++a /'a+$a /a #*%a' a+ #*a# '$a

$*+*%a /'"a!a La&aa 8a#! a+ /'!#!-a $!a#! "a%a#%'!& !#!

(7)

P*&*%'$aa /a%a- "*+a a/a"a- *'"a'a /a$a% &* $*" /a%a-. a+ *%#!!a !#!:

1 (e(,nit,r*$*-a#a !&!& *&*%'$aa %!#' 2 (enn6ang "iagn,!a $!a#! *a'#

3 &*"'-a# re!',n t#h #*%-a/a $!a#! 'en*a+it in-e+!i

4 &*"'-a# *&a!are!',n tera'i a$'* a+ &*/*%'#a'en*a+it in-e+!i

P*&*%'$aa /a%a- "*+a /''/'a$'a !#! /'"a!a =/a #'/a #*%a#a$ -aa  a/a *a/aa*a/aa *%'!#: 1. Jaundice 2 L&-/*a#- 3 P*%/a%a-a. &*&a% 4 Fa#'+!* a/ % 8*'+-# "$$ 5 U"$*% /' &!"!# PEMERIKSAAN DARAH

1. SEL DARAH MERAH 7Re" B&,," 8e&& ) RB89

S*" /a%a- &*%a-. a+ !+a /''$#'"a-a /*+a *%'#%$'#. *%*%a /a"a& *+a+!#a $'+* /a%' a%!a%! * $*"!%!- $*"$*" #!!-. !+a !#! &*+a+!# a% /'$'/a a+ /'-a$'"a "*- $*"$*" #!!- * a%!a%! !#! /'*$%*$'a Da"a& &*#a"'$&*a $*" /a%a-

&*%a-&*&!#!-a '#a&' <12. a$a& ;"a# /a ?a# *$'

ITD UA%&a" *%'#%$'# a/a %'a *%'$a% 4.7 !#a  6.1 !#a $*"!" /a%a-. $*/a+a a/a

8a'#a *%'$a% 4.2 !#a  5.4 !#a $*"!" /a%a-E%'#%$'# a+ #'++' '$a /'#*&!a a/a a$!$ -*&$*#%a$'. PPOK (*a'# a%! $#%!$'; %'). +a+a" a#!+

+*$#';. *%. %**"a&$'. /"". $*/a+a *%'#%$'# a+ %*/a- '$a /'#*&!a a/a a*&'a. "*!*&'a. -'*%#'%'/. *a'# $'$#*&' $**%#' a*% /a "!!$. /""

HITUNG SEL DARAH MERAH

H'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a- /'"a!a !#! &**#!a !&"a- $*" /a%a- &*%a- *% $*#'&*#*% !' /a%a- P*%-'#!+a $*" /a%a- &*%a- !+a &*"a!a *%-'#!+a H*&+"' /a H*&a#%'# a+ &*%!aa a+'a /a%' $*" /a%a- &*%a-

(8)

De:a!a SI Unit

P%'a 46 = 62  1012_L Wa'#a 42 = 54  1012_L

Ta*" 1 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-2. HEMOGLOBIN

H*&+"' &*%!aa %#*' &"*$ /a"a& /a%a- a+ *%*%a /a"a& *+a+!#a $'+* "*- /a%a- H*&+"' /'%/!$' a/a $*" /a%a- &*%a- a+ immature H*&+"' #*%/'%' /a%' 2 a+'a -*&* /a +"' H*&* #*%/'%' /a%' a#& F* /a '+&* &*%a-. %-%'. a+ &*a/'a /a%a- *%8a%a &*%a-

H*&+"' a/a"a- &"*!" %#*' a/a $*" /a%a- &*%a- a+ *%;!+$' $*a+a' &*/'a #%a$%# $'+* /a%' a%! a%! * $*"!%!- a%'+a #!!- /a &*&a8a

a%/'$'/a /a%' a%'+a #!!- * a%! a%! Ka/!+a ?a# *$' a+ #*%/aa# /a"a& -*&+"' &*&!a# /a%a- *%8a%a &*%a-

Da"a& &**#!a %&a" a#a! #'/aa a/a% -*&+"' $*$*%a+ '#a -a%!$

&*&*%-a#'a ;a#% !&!%. 8a"a!! -a" '' *%*/a*/a /' #'a "a%a#%'!& "''. a'#! :

 <a' a%! "a-'% : 1722 +%a&/"  U&!% 1 &'++! : 1520 +%a&/"  U&!% 1 !"a : 1115 +%a&/"  Aa aa : 1113 +%a&/"  L*"a' /*8a$a : 141@ +%a&/"  P*%*&!a /*8a$a : 1216 +%a&/"  L*"a' #!a : 12414, +%a&/"  P*%*&!a #!a : 11713@ +%a&/"

Ka/a% -*&+"' /a"a& /a%a- a+ %*/a- /'*a" /*+a '$#'"a- a*&'a A/a aa **a a*&'a /'a#a%aa a+ a"'+ $*%'+ a/a"a- *%/a%a-a. !%a+

+'?'. +a++!a $!&$!& #!"a+. *+a#a *&#*%a' /a *a'# $'$#*&' (a*%. "!!$./"")

S*/a+a a/a% -*&+"' a+ #'++' /aa# /'!&a' a/a %a+ a+ #'++a" /' /a*%a- /a#a%a #'++' /a *% <**%aa *a'# $**%#' %a/a+ a%! a%!. #!&%.

(9)

%**"a&$'. -*&$*#%a$'. /""

Fng!i Pe(eri+!aan He(,g&,#in

U#! &*+*#a-!' aaa- $*$*%a+ &*+a"a&' *!%a+a /a%a- a#a! #'/a. /aa# /'*#a-!' /*+a &*+!!% a/a% H P*!%!a a/a% H /a%' %&a" *%a%#' *!%a+a /a%a- S!a#! /'$' a+ /'$*!# /*+a a*&'a A/aa a*&'a ='a$aa !+a /'$*%#a' /*+a !&"a- *%#%$'# a+ &*!%! /a%' '"a' -*&a#%# /'a8a- %&a"

HITUNG HEMOGLOBIN

H'#!+ -*&+"' /'!!% /a"a& $a#!a +%a& *% /*'"'#*% (+/L) De:a!a SI Unit

P%'a 135 = 1@0 + /L Wa'#a 120 = 160 + /L

Ta*" 2 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ -*&+"'

%. HEMATOKRIT

H*&a#%'# $*a%a -a%;'a- *%a%#' &*&'$a-a /a%a-. a'#! &*&'$a-a $*" /a%a- /a%' "a$&a

H*&a#%'# &*%!aa !!%a a+ &**#!a aaa !&"a- $*" /a%a- &*%a-/a"a& 100 &" /a%a- a+ /'a#aa &*%a-/a"a& *%$*# (9) N'"a' %&a" -*&a#%'# !#! %'a *%'$a% 40.79  50.39 $*/a+a !#! 8a'#a *%'$a% 36.19  44.39

S**%#' #*"a- /'#!"'$ /' a#a$. a-8a a/a% -*&+"' *%a/'+ "!%!$ /*+a a/a%

-*&a#%'#. $*-'++a *'+a#a /a *!%!a -*&a#%'# #*%a/' a/a *a'#*a'# a+ $a&a

HITUNG HEMATOKRIT

H'#!+ -*&a#%'# /'"a!a !#! &**#!a *%$*#a$* $*" /a%a- &*%a- #*%-a/a !&"a-/a%a- ##a"

De:a!a SI Unit

(10)

Wa'#a 3@9 = 479 Ta*" 3 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ -*&+"'

E0ALUASI HITUNG SEL DARAH MERAH

1 S*" /a%a- &*%a-P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-:

• Fa#% +**#'$ • P!"&a% /'$*a$*$ • D*-'/%a$'

• Ga++!a +'a" /a #!&%

P*!%!a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-:

• P*%/a%a-a a!# a#a! %'$ • N!#%'#'a" /*;''*

• P*a'#*a'# *%a/a+a %'$ • Ga++!a a#a! *"a'a * &a%%8

2 H*&+"' 3 H*&a#%'#

Ga&a%a *'+a#a '"a' !#! -*&a+"' /a -*&a#%'# !&!&a !#! &*&*%*"a$ a#a! &*/!!+ -a$'" *&*%'$aa /a a#a! *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a-

&*%a-. SEL DARAH PUTIH 7;hite B&,," 8e&& ) ;B89

L*!$'# &*%!aa &* /a%a- a+ *%*%aa /a"a& &*&*%a+' ';*$' a+ /'$*aa "*- '%!$. a#*%'. a#a!! %$*$ &*#a"' #$'. /"" N'"a' %&a" "*!$'# *%'$a% 4000  10000 $*"!" /a%a- P*!%!a a/a% "*!$'# '$a /'#*&!a a/a a$!$ *a'# a'a# ';*$' '%!$. *a'# $!&$!& #!"a+. /"". $*/a+a *'+a#aa '$a /'#*&!a a/a *a'# ';*$' a#*%'. *a'# ';"a&a$' %'$. *%/a%a-a a!#. "*!*&'a. +a+a" +'a". /"" S*" /a%a- !#'- a#a!

"*!$'#. *%*%a /a"a& &*a'$&* *%#a-aa #!!- ($'$#*& '&!) Da%a- !#'- &*&'"'' *%&aa&&aa& *'$ $*" "a+'. a'#! a$;'". *$';'". *!#%;'". "'&;$'# /a &$'# P*&*%'$aa &aa&&aa& *'$ $*" /a%a- !#'- '' /'$*!# /';;*%*%#'a" !# /a aa /'a-a$ a/a *&a-a$a #*%$*/'%'

(11)

HITUNG SEL DARAH PUTIH

P*&*%'$aa $*" /a%a- '$a /'"a!a $*a%a ##a" a#a! *% #'* $*" /a%a- !#'-a+ aa *%*+a%!- a/a a!%a$' **#!a *"a'a a#a! *a'# !#'-a+ a/a

De:a! a

SI Unit

P%'a (40 = 62)  10L Wa'#a (42 = 64)  10L

Ta*" 4 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ $*" /a%a- !#'- ##a"

E0ALUASI HITUNG SEL DARAH PUTIH S*" /a%a-

!#'-P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-: • I;*$'

• I;"a&a$' a%'+a • E$$ %a/'a$' • L&-&a P*!%!a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-: • Pa$a %a/'#*%a' a#a! *&#*%a' /'&aa #*%/aa# *a/aa #*%#*aa

$!&$!& #!"a+

/. TROMBOSIT 7 PLATELET 9

T%&$'# &*%!aa a+'a /a%' $*" /a%a- a+ *%;!+$' &*&a#! /a"a& %$*$ *&*!a /a%a- /a &*a+a '#*+%'#a$ a$!"*% <**%aa *"a'a /a"a& &%;"+'

#%&$'# a#a%a "a' +'a# "a#*"*# (#%&$'# *$a%) /a "a#*"*# "!&'+ (#%&$'# *%+*%&")

N'"a' %&a" #%&$'# *%'$a% a#a%a 150000  400000 $*"!" /a%a-

T%&$'# a+ #'++' /'$*!# #%&$'#$'$ /a $*a+'a %a+ 'a$ aa #'/a a/a *"!-a T%&$'# a+ %*/a- /'$*!# #%&$'#*'a. '' '$a /'#*&!a a/a a$!$ /*&a& *%/a%a- (D<D). I/'a#' T%&$'#*'a P!%!%a (ITP). $!%*$' $!&$!& #!"a+. /""

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P"a#*"*# a#a! #%&$'# &*%!aa $*" #*%*'" a+ #*%/aa# /' /a%a- P"a#*"*# &*!&a# */#-*"'!& a+ %!$a ("!+). $*"a!#a clotting factors &*&*#! fibrin strands !#! &*&*%#a-aa $!&a#a "a#*"*# #*%$*!#

HITUNG PLATELET

H'#!+ "a#*"*# &*!!a !&"a- circulating plates /a"a& /a%a- H'#!+ "a#*"# #'/a &*!!a ;!+$' "a#*"*# $*a+a' *!&a# $*a%a a/*!a# P*%-'#!+a &*+*a' -a" #*%$*!# /'"a!a *%!a #*$# *&*%'$aa <"**/'+ T'&* Wa#! %&a" "**/'+ #'&* a/a"a- 35 &*'# De:a! a SI Unit P%'a 140000 = 450000 L Wa'#a 140000 = 450000 L

Ta*" 5 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ "a#*"*#

E0ALUASI HITUNG PLATELET P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-: • T-%&#$'$

P*'+a#a '"a' "a#*"*# *%$';a# a$'&#&a#' -'++a *a'a &*aa' '"a' J 1000000 L

P*'+a#a '"a' a#a%a 450000 = 600000 L &*!!a %*$ ;'$'"+'$ #*%-a/a $#%*$$ (;'$'). #%a!&a. ';*#' /a !"a$'

P*!%!a '"a'

P*!%!a '"a' "a#*"*# /'a++a $'+';'a '"a '"a'a  100  10,_{L K/'$'}

/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a '"a' -'#!+ $*" /a%a- &*%a-: • I;*$' '%!$

• I/'a#-' T-%&#*'a P!%!%a • P*a'# a!#'&!

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• K*-a&'"a

. In"e+! Eritr,!it 7M80< M8H< M8H89

<'a$aa /'+!aa !#! &*&a#! &*/'a+$'$ **a a*&'a (S!a#! /'$' /' &aa a/a #*%"a"! $*/''# $*" /a%a- &*%a-) I/*$'"a' a+ 'a$aa /'aa' a#a%a "a' :

o MC (M*a %!$!"a% C"!&*) a#a! C"!&* E%'#%$'# Ra#a%a#a (CER). a'#! "!&* %a#a%a#a $*!a- *%'#%$'# a+ /'a#aa /*+a ;*&#"'#*% (;")

MC B H*&a#%'# E%'#%$'#  10 N'"a' %&a" B @2,2 ;"

o MH (M*a %!$!"a% H*&+"') a#a! H*&+"' E%'#%$'# Ra#aRa#a (HER). a'#! aaa -*&+"' *% *%'#%$'# /'$*!# /*+a '+%a& (+)

MH B H*&+"' E%'#%$'#  10 N'"a' %&a" B 2731 +

o MH (M*a %!$!"a% H*&+"' *#%a#') a#a! K$*#%a$' H*&+"' E%'#%$'# Ra#a%a#a (KHER). a'#! a/a% -*&+"' a+ /'/a# *% *%'#%$'#. /'a#aa /*+a *%$* (9) ($a#!a a+ "*'- #*a# a/a"a- +%/")

MH B H*&+"' H*&a#%'#  100

N'"a' %&a" B 3237 9

. La6 En"a' Darah

La! E/a Da%a- a#a! E%'#-%#* S*/'&*#a#' Ra#* (ESR) a/a"a- **a#a $*/'&*#a$' *%'#%$'# /a"a& /a%a- a+ *"!& &*&*!. /*+a $a#!a &&a& LED &*%!aa !' a+ #'/a $*$';' LED /'!&a' &*'+a# $*"a&a %$*$ ';"a&a$' a!#. ';*$' a!# /a %'$. *%!$aa a%'+a (*%$'$). *a'# "a+*.

%-*!&a#'/. &a"'+a$'. /a /'$' $#%*$$ ;'$'"+'$ (&'$a"a *-a&'"a)

I#*%a#'a" &&'#** ;% S#a/a%/'?a#' ' H*&a#"+ (ISH) &*%*&*/a$'a !#! &*++!aa &*#/* W*$#*%+%** /a"a& *&*%'$aa LED. -a" '' /'a%*aa aa+ '*# W*$#*%+%** '$a /!a a"' aa+ '*# W'#%* $*-'++a -a$'" LED

a+ $a+a# #'++' &a$'- #*%/*#*$'

N'"a' %&a" LED a/a &*#/* W*$#*%+%** : La'"a' : 0 = 15 &&a&

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3. P&ate&et Di!ri#ti,n ;i"th 7PD;9

PDW &*%!aa *;'$'* a%'a$' !!%a #%&$'# Ka/a% PDW #'++' /aa# /'#*&!a

a/a $'"* *"" /'$*a$* /a #%&$'#$'$. $*/a+a a/a% PDW a+ %*/a- /aa# &*!!a #%&$'# a+ &*&!a' !!%a a+ *'"

4. Re" 8e&& Di!tri#ti,n ;i"th 7RD;9 RDW &*%!aa *;'$'* a%'a$' /a%' "!&*

*%'#%$'# RDW a+ #'++' /aa# &*+'/'a$'a !!%a * %'#%$'# a+ -*#*%+*. /a 'a$aa /'#*&!a a/a a*&'a /*;'$'*$' *$'. /*;'$'*$' a$a& ;"a# /a /*;'$'*$'

'#a&' <12. $*/a+a 'a /'/aa# -a$'" RDW a+ %*/a- /aa# &*!!a *%'#%$'# a+ &*&!a' !!%a a%'a$' a+ *'"

15. DIFFERENTIAL 8OUNT

D';;*%*#'a" !# a/a"a- *&*%'$aa #'*#'* $*" /a%a- !#'- Da%a- !#'- /'a+' &*a/' 2 #'* *%/a$a%a +%a!" a+ /'&'"'' /' $'#"a$&aa. &*a/' +%a!"$'# /a a+%a!"$'# T'* G%a!"$'#: • <a$;'" • E$';'" • N*!#%;'" T'* A+%a!"$'#: • L'&;$'# • M$'#

D';;*%*#'a" !# &*++!aa *%$*#a$* a+ /'#!!a !#! &*!!a *%$*#a$* !&"a- #'* $*" /a%a- !#'-

BASOFIL

<a$;'" &*%!aa #'* $*" /a%a- !#'- a+ a"'+ $*/''# !&"a-a <a$;'" /'-!!+a /*+a %*a$' a"*%+' $'$#*&' a%*a a#''#a$ *"*a$a -'$#a&'

HITUNG BASOFIL

Ba!,'hi& A$"!#* 25 = 100 L

(15)

D';;*%*#'a" 0 = 0.759

Ta*" 6 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" a$;'"

EOSINOFIL

F!+$' *$';'" a/a"a- !#! &*&aa /a &*&!!- a%a$'# &!"#'$*"!"*% E$';'" !+a *%*%a a/a %$*$ /*#';'+ &"*$ '&! a+ #*%*#! a/a %*a$' a"*%+'

HITUNG EOSINOFIL

E,!in,-i&

A$"!#* 50 = 400 L D';;*%*#'a" 19 = 59

Ta*" 7 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" *$';'"

NEUTROFIL

N*!#%;'" /'a+' &*a/' 2. a'#! *!#%;'" a/$ /a $*+&*#*/ N*!#%;'" $*+*&*#*/ a/a"a- $*" *!#%;'" a+ #*"a- &a#a+ (&a#!%*) a+ /'$*!# !+a /*+a "&%-!"*a% (PMN) S*/a+a *!#%;'" a/$ a/a"a- $*" *!#%;'" a+ *"!&

&a#a+ ('&&a#!%*) /a /'$*!# !+a /*+a $#a$

HITUNG NEUTROFIL A#!,&te Di--erentia& N*!#%;'" 3000 = 7000 L 609 = 709 S*+&*#*/ 2@00 = 5600 L 549 = 6@9 <a/$ 150 = 600 L 39 = 59 Ta*" @ N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" *!#%;'"

(16)

LIMFOSIT

M*%!aa #'* $*" /a%a- !#'- #*%aa $*#*"a- *!#%;'" /a /'-!!+a /*+a %*$ '&! $*$';'

HITUNG LIMFOSIT

Li(-,!it

A$"!#* 1000 = 4000 L D';;*%*#'a" 259 = 339

Ta*" , N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" "'&;$'#

MONOSIT

M$'# &*%!aa #'* $*" /a%a- !#'- /*+a !!%a #*%*$a%. a+ &*+a"a&' *%!a-a &*a/' $*"$*" &a%;a+. a+ *%;!+$' /a"a& $'$#*& *%#a-aa #!!-

Li(-,!it

A$"!#* 100 = @00 L D';;*%*#'a" 39 = 79

Ta*" 10 N'"a' %&a" -'#!+ /';;*%*#'a" &$'#

E0ALUASI DIFFERENTIAL 8OUNT

1 <a$;'"

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# a$;'" :

• H'*%$*$'#''#a$

D'*%"!a *&*%'$aa %'8aa# a"*%+' $**"!& #'/aa %$*/!% */a-P*!%!a '"a'

P*!%!a '"a' a$;'" a%a+ #*%a/' a%*a !&"a-a a+ $*/''# /' /a"a& $*" /a%a- !#'-

(17)

2 E$';'"

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# *$';'": • I;*$' a%a$'#. &'$a"a: #"a$&$'$ /a +a$#%'#*$#'a" a%a$'#*

• R*a$' %-a""*%+' $**%#' a$&a. %-''#'$ a""*%+'a

D'*%"!a *&*%'$aa %'8aa# a"*%+' $**"!& #'/aa %$*/!% */a-P*!%!a '"a'

S*%!a /*+a a$;'". *!%!a '"a' /';;*%*#'a" !# *$';'" a%a+ #*%a/' a%*a !&"a-a a+ $*/''# /' /a"a& $*" /a%a- !#'-

3 N*!#%;'"

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# *!#%;'": • I;*$' a!# a+ /'$*aa a#*%'

• O*$'#a$

• O%a+%a+ a+ &*% $'+a%*# • S#%*$$ a;#*% $!%+*%

P*!%!a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# *!#%;'": • S**%* %"+*/ ';*#'$

• S-"*&*+a"

• P*++!aa **%aa a# a#'&'%a. a#'';"a&a$' /a aa"+*$' 4 L'&;$'#

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# "' &;$'#: • I;*$' a!# a+ /'$*aa '%!$'%!$. $**%#': cytomegalovirus, measles,

mumps, rubella. #-a a/a *a'# E/*&' a%#'#'$ P*!%!a '"a'

P*!%!a '"a' /';;*%*#'a" !# "'&;$'# $*%'+ /'-!!+a /*+a HIC /a AIDS 5 M$'#

P*'+a#a '"a'

K/'$'/'$' *%'!# /aa# &**aa *'+a#a /';;*%*#'a" !# &$'#: • I;*$' %'$ $**%#': #!*%!"$'$ , subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) P*!%!a '"a'

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• P*/*%'#a a+ &*a"a' #*%a' +"!%#''/

HEMOSTASIS

Aa'"a a%'+a #!!- &*+a"a&' */*%a /a &*+a"a&' *%/a%a-a aa &*&'! %a+a'a a#''#a$ ;a#% *&*!a /a%a- &*"a"!' 3 a"!%: I#%'$'. E$#%'$' /a U&!& /a &*%a+$a+ *&*#!a *!a /a%a-

Na&!. a/a+a/a+ #*%a/' *"a'a a+!"a$' (*&*!a) /a%a- . $*-'++a &*&*%"!a #*$#*$. a#a%a "a':

• T*$ PT (P%#-%&' T'&*)

• T*$ aPTT (a#'a#*/ Pa%#'a" T-%&"a$#' T'&*)

PROTHROMBIN TIME TEST

PT /'"a!a !#! &*+*a"!a$' ;a#% *&*!a /a%a- (CII. C. ). %#-%&' /a ;'%'+* /*+a a%a &*+-'#!+ 8a#! a+ /'*%"!a "a$&a /a%a- !#! &*&*! $*#*"a- *a&a-a a"'!& -"%'/*

;a+t N,r(a&: 1115 /*#'

aPTT

aPTT /'"a!a !#! &*+*a"!a$' *"a'a *%/a%a-a /a &*&'#% a$'* a+ &*+$!&$' a# anticlotting, mis: -*a%'. a%*a -*a%' /aa# &*+-a&a# ;a#%  /a #-%&' &*+a#'a$' a#' #-%&'

T*$ aPTT /'"a!a /*+a a%a M*+-'#!+ 8a#! a+ /'*%"!a "a$&a /a%a- !#! &*&*! $*#*"a- *a&a-a Ka"' (-/%a#*/ a"!&!'!& $'"'a#*) /a *-a"'

;a+t N,r(a&: 35 /*#

Pe(eri+!aan Ki(ia Darah

A"a# a+ /aa# /'+!aa !#! *&*%'$aa '&'a /a%a- a'#! R*;"#% -* S'$#*& /*+a &*++!aa %*a$' '&'a *%'+. %*a+* $#' $*$!a' /+ + /''+'a

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1 G"!$a (S*8a#!. P!a$a /a 2 a& PP) :

U#! &*+*#a-!' a/a% G"!$a /a%a-. $*-'++a &*&a#! &**#!a #*%a' a$'* /'a*#*$

2 -"*$#*%" T#a". T%'+"'$*%'/a. HDL. LDL :

U#! &*+*#a-!' %;'" "*&a a$'*. $*-'++a &*&a#! &**#!a #*%a'. &*&a#a! #*%a'. &**#!a ;a#% %'$' P>K /a S#%*

3 S&a"" /*$*LDL

LDL *%!!%a *'" /a "*'- *%a-aa /a%' LDL. &*%!aa ;a#% %*$' P>K /a $#%*

4 U%*!& (<UN). K%*a#''

U#! &*+*#a-!' ;!+$' +'a" 5 A$a& U%a#

U#! &*+*#a-!' a/aa *a'# G!# A%#-%'#'$ (*%' $*/' a%*a #'++'a a/a% a$a& !%a#)

6 SGOT. SGPT

U#! &*+*#a-!' ;!+$' -a#'. $*-'++a &*&a#! &*/'a+$'$ *"a'a -a#' 7 <'""'%!'

P*'+a#a a/a% '""'%!' '$a #*%a/' a%*a *a'# -a#' /a *&*/! (a%*a %a/a+  ';*$'. $!&a#a a#!. #!&%) a#a! *&*a-a $*" /a%a- &*%a- a+ *%"*'-a

@ P%#*' T#a"

U#! &*+*#a-!' aaa- $*$*%a+ &*/*%'#a *!%a+a %#*'. !#! &*+*#a-!' ;!+$' -a#' (-a#' &*%!aa %+a a+ &*+-a$'"a %#*') , A"!&'

K*!%a+a a"!&' /aa# #*%a/' a/a *a'# -a#' (&'$a"a $*%$'). *!%a+a +'?'. *%a /' +'a" (&'$a"a $'/%& *;%#')

10 G"!"'

P*!%!a a/a%a *%a%#' #*%/aa# +a++!a **a"a #!!- P*'+a#a a/a% +"!"' #*%a/' a/a ';*$'. *a'# -a#' /a **%aa *+aa$a

11 -"**$#*%a$* (HE)

M*%!aa *?'& -a#' a+ /'*%+!aa !#! &*&a#! &**#!a aaa-;!+$' $'#*#'$ /a%' -a#' &a$'- a'

12 A"a"' F$;a#a$* (ALP) Ga&&aGT

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a/a%a *%a%#' *&!+'a a/a *"a'a (%a/a+. ';*$'. a#!. #!&%) a/a -a#' /a $a"!%a *&*/!

13 P%#*' E"*#%-%*$'$ (SPF)

M*%!aa #*$# !#! &*+*#a-!' %%$' (9) ;%a$';%a$' %#*' /a"a&

/a%a-BAB III PENUTUP

Ke!i('&an

P*&*%'$aa Da%a- L*+a (&"*#* <"/ !#  <) a'#! $!a#! *'$ *&*%'$aaa *a%'+ !#! &*!a+ /'a+$a $!a#! *a'# /a a#a! !#!

&*"'-a# a+a'&aa %*$ #!!- #*%-a/a $!a#! *a'#

P*&*%'$aa Da%a- L*+a #*%/'%' /a%' **%aa *'$ a%a&*#*% *&*%'$aa. a'#! 1 H*&+"' 2 H*&a#%'# 3 L*!$'# (W-'#* <"/ *""  W<) 4 T%&$'# ("a#*"*#) 5 E%'#%$'# (R*/ <"/ *""  R<) 6 I/*$ E%'#%$'# (MC. MH. MH)

7 La! E/a Da%a- a#a! E%'#-%#* S*/'&*#a#' Ra#* (ESR) @ H'#!+ >*'$ L*!$'# (D';; !#)

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P*&*%'$aa '&'a /a%a- &*"'!#' : G"!$a. -"*$#*%" T#a". T%'+"'$*%'/a. HDL. LDL. S&a"" /*$*LDL. U%*!& (<UN). K%*a#''. A$a& U%a#. SGOT. SGPT. <'""'%!'. P%#*' T#a". A"!&'. G"!"'. -"**$#*%a$* (HE). A"a"' F$;a#a$* (ALP) Ga&&aGT. P%#*' E"*#%-%*$'$(SPF) <**%aa #- '#*%%*#a$' /a%' -a$'" *&*%'$aa /a%a-"*+a $*a%a $*/*%-aa a#a%a "a' '"a a/a% H #!%! &*a/aa a*&'a. "*!$'#a &*'+a# &*"*'-' %&a" &!+' &*a/aa #*%a/'a ';*$'. #%&$'#a #!%! &!+' $aa &*a/aa #*%a/' ';*$' '%!$. /a "a' $*a+a'a a+ *%"! /''+a# a/a"a- *&*%'$aa '' a/a"a- *!a+ /a%' aa&*$a /a *&*%'$aa ;'$' a+ /'"a!a "*- /#*% >a/' /'a+$'$ #'/a $*&a#a&a#a /a%' -a$'" "a%a#%'!&. #a' a+ a"'+ !#a&a a/a"a- /a%' *a/aa "''$ a$'* '#! $*/'%'

BAB I0

DAFTAR PUSTAKA R!&a2014 Hematologi dan Transfusi >aa%#a : E%"a++a

-a'%"a 2004 Pedoman Teknik Dasar untuk Laboratorium Kesehatan >aa%#a : P**%'# <!! K*/#*%a EG

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