Pembuatan tawas

(1)

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KIMIA AKIMIA ANORGANIK 1NORGANIK 1 PEMBUAT

PEMBUATAN KAAN KAl(SOl(SO44))2.2.12H12H22OO

Penyusun: Sr R!"# $#%l# Gu&' 12*+ Penyusun: Sr R!"# $#%l# Gu&' 12*+ Kel,-," / Kel,-," / R!0# rly' 12*1 R!0# rly' 12*1 S0erly 3es# R#0yu' 12*1 S0erly 3es# R#0yu' 12*1

Sl5# U#r' 12*11 Sl5# U#r' 12*11 U-ul K0#r MS' 12*+4 U-ul K0#r MS' 12*+4 3,sen: M6#0ul K0#r7 S.s7 M.s 3,sen: M6#0ul K0#r7 S.s7 M.s Assen 3,sen: Assen 3,sen: Mel Men# Mel Men# Pr#-8u%

Pr#-8u% AAyu-#nyu-#n An# M#uln# An# M#uln#

LABORATORIUM KIMIA ANORGANIK LABORATORIUM KIMIA ANORGANIK

$AKULTAS MATEMATIKA 3AN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM $AKULTAS MATEMATIKA 3AN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIERSITAS NEGERI PA3ANG UNIERSITAS NEGERI PA3ANG

214 214

(2)

DAFTAR ISI

TUJUAN

1. Me-#0#- 8e8er## #se" "-# en#n unsure Alu-nu-2. Me-8u# #;#s

TEORI DASAR

Se#n<#rn se<#r#0 er#%#8#n -#nus#7 seny#;# #lu-nu- su%#0 %un#"#n % 8er8## 8%#n. T#n#0 l# #%# %#s#rny# #%#l#0 0%r# #lu-nu- sl"# %#n e-8"#r su%#0 %"en#l

se<#"  #0un y#n l#lu.

T#;#s (#lu-nu- "#lu- sul6#) AlK(SO4)2 su%#0 %un#"#n %8%#n ,8#=,8##n %#n en&elu#n e"sl sel#-# "ur#n le80 4 #0un. Alu-nu- #%#l#0 l,#- y#n rn#n s#8l

%u%#r#7 -u%#0 %8u#7 "u# %#n #0#n er0#%# ",r,s.

3#n#r# l,#- ,l,n#n III (B,r,n=Alu-nu- ). Alu-nu- #%#l#0 l,#- erenn. Ber%#s#r#n -#ss#7 #lu-nu- -ene-# uru#n "e# %#n#r# unsure y#n er8es#r "el-#0#nny# %"er#" 8u-. B<0 #lu-nu- y#n erenn #%#l#0 8#u"s y#n -en#n%un Al2O+. Unu" e"sr#"s #lu-nu-7 8#u"s erlu %-urn"#n 8er%#s#r"#n s6# #-6,er %#r #lu-nu- %#n seny#;#ny#. Mul#=-ul# #%# 8#u"s %#-8#0"#n l#ru#n N#OH e"#7 y#n #"#n -el#ru"#n Al2O+. Ke-u%#n !# en,,r y#n %#" -el#ru %## %s#0"#n %en#n &#r# eny#rn#n.

Al2O3₍_s₎

+

2OH →2 AlO2

+

H 2O

9"# 6lr#e -en#n%un AlO2 %#s#-"#n er8enu" en%##n Al(OH)+. AlO2

+

H 3O→ Al

(

OH

)

3(_s)

Seel#0 %s#rn7 Al(OH)+ %<#r %#n 0#sl e-<r#nny# #%#l#0 Al2O+(s). 2Al(OH)+(s) #n#s Al2O+(s) > +H2O(s)

(4)

(T- K-# An,r#n"7 214)

T#;#s #%#l#0 "el,-," #r#- r#n"# 8er0%r# 8eru# Krs#l %#n 8ers6# s,-,r6 . #;#s n %"en#l %en#n n#-# KAl(SO4)2.12H2O y#n %"en#l 8#ny#" se8## ",#ul#n %%#l#- en,l#0#n #r -#uun l-8#0. Se8## ",#ul#n #lu-nu- sul6# s#n# e6e"6 unu"

-enen%#"#n #r"el y#n -el#y#n 8#" %#l#- 8enu" ",l,% -#uun susense. Alu--eru#"#n s#l#0 s#u seny#;# "-# y#n %8u# %#r -,le"ul #r %#n %u# <ens #r#-7 s#l#0 s#uny# 8#s#ny# Al(SO4)+. Alu- "#lu- -eru#"#n seny#;# y#n %#" 8er;#rn# %#n -e-uny# 8enu" Krs#l ,&#0e%r#l ##u "u8us "e"# "#lu- sul6# %#n #lu-nnu- sul6# "e%u#ny# %l#ru"#n %#n %%nn"#n. L#ru#n #lu- erse8u 8ers6# #s#-. Alu- "#lu--e-l" " lele0 ?,_{@. "#lu- #lu-nu- sul6# %,%"#0%r# (#;#s "#lu-) %en#n ru-us} KAl(SO4)2.12H2O %un#"#n %#l#- e-urn#n #r7 en,l#0# l-8#07 %#n 8#0#n e-#%#n #. T#;#s "#lu- %8u# %#r l,#- #lu-nu- %#n "#lu- 0%r,"s%#. L,#- #lu-nu- 8ere#"s se&#r# &e# %en#n KOH #n#s -en0#sl"#n l#ru#n #r#- "#lu- #lu-n#.(G.l"ns,n7 2*)

T#;#s "#lu- #lu-nu- sul6# %0#sl"#n %en#n -ere#"s"#n l,#- #lu-nu- (Al) %#l#- l#ru#n 8#s# "u# ("#lu- 0%r,"s%#) #"#n l#ru -e-8enu" #lu-n#.

2 Al₍_s₎

+

2 KOH ₍_aq₎

+

2 H 2O(l)→2 KAlO2(aq)

+

3 H 2(g)

L#ru#n #lu-n# %ner#l"#n %en#n #s#- sul6# -ul#=-ul# er8enu" en%##n 8er;#rn# u0 %#r #lu-nu- 0%r,"s%# Al(OH)+.

2 KAlO2(aq)

+

2 H 2O₍_l₎

+

H 2SO4(aq)→ K 2SO4(aq)

+

Al

(

OH

)

3(s)

3en#n en#-8#0#n #s#- sul6# en%##n u0 se-#"n 8#ny#" %#n <"# #s#- sul6# 8erle80#n en%##n #"#n l#ru -e-8enu" "#,n K >_{7 Al}+>_{7 %#n SO}

42=7 <"# %%#-"#n #"#n er8enu" Krs#l %#r #;#s "#lu- #lu-nu- sul6#. Se&#r# sn"# re#"s y#n er<#% %## %uls"#n se8## 8er"u.

(5)

24H2O > 2KAl(SO4)2(#) → 2KAl(SO4)2.12H2O(s)

Alu- "#lu- s#n# l#ru %#l#- #r #n#s7se0n# "e"# seel#0 en#-8#0#n H2SO4 y#n -e-8enu" en%##n %#n "e-u%#n %#n#s"#n7 e-#n#s#n se8#"ny# %l#"u"#n #%# su0u /=,_{@ unu" -enu#"#n #rny# %#n su0u e-#ns#n %#" 8,le0 le80 %#r },_{@ "#ren# #;#s} #"#n l#luru %#l#- #r -en%%0. Ke"# "rs#ln #lu- "#lu- %#n#s"#n er<#% e-s#0#n se&#r# "-#7 %#n se8##n #r#- y#n er0%r#s erl#ru %#l#-. P#%# r,ses enu##n sel#-# 1 -en %#n %%nn"#n #"#n er8enu" Krs#l %#r KAl(SO4)2.12H2O.

Re#"s "eseluru0#n

2Al(s)> 2KOH(#) > 1H2SO4(#) → 2KAl(SO4)2.12H2O(S) > +H2 (R5#7 1??)

ALAT DAN BAHAN

Al# B#0#n 1. Gel#s "-# 2 -l: 2 8u#0 2. @#;#n enu#: 1 8u#0 +. Srus: 18u#0 4. K#s#: 18u#0 . K#" #: 18u#0 /. P##n en#%u": 1 8u#0 *. @,r,n: 1 8u#0 1. Al2(SO4).1H2O 2. K 2SO4 +. Ker#s s#rn

(6)

PROSEDUR KERJA

++74  Al2(SO4)+.1H2O

• Mel#ru"#n #%##n %#l#- 2-l #r7 su0u #r ,@

87 ! K 2SO4

• Mel#ru"#n #%##n %#l#-  -l #r • Men&#-ur"#n Ke%u# l#ru#n n

"#$%&'#(

• Me-n%#0"#n "e%#l#- &#;#n enu#

• Men%nn"#n #%# su0u "#-#r 0n# er8enu" Krs#l

K')*+#,

• Men&u& %en#n se%" #r %#n "ern"#n %en#n "er#s s#rn

TABLE PENGAMATAN

Perl#"u#n Pen#-##n

1/7*  Al2(SO4)+.H2O %l#ru"#n %#l#-2-l #r7 su0u #r ,_@

L#ru %#n l#ru#n 8er;#n# u0 susu

7*  K 2SO4%l#ru"#n %#l#-  -l #r L#ru %#n l#ru#n 8er;#rn# 8enn %#n se%" #%##n %#" l#ru

L#ru#n Al2(SO4)+.H2O %&#-ur l#ru#n K 2SO4

Ber&#-ur %#n l#ru#n 8er;#rn# u0 susu

(7)

PERHITUNGAN

3"e#0u : Mr K 2SO4 C 1*4 '-,l Mr Al(SO4)+.1H2O C/*'-,l M#ss# K 2SO4y#n %-8#n C 7*  M#ss# Al(SO4)+.1H2O y#n %-8#n C 1/7*  Ber# "er#s s#rn > 8,,l 6l- ",s,n C 47*+/  Ber# "er#s s#rn > 8,,l 6l- ",s,n > #;#s C +7++//  3#ny# : ersen ren%e-en D

Penyeles##n:

Re#"s : K 2SO4 > Al(SO4)+ > 24H2O → K 2SO4.Al2(SO4)+.24H2O

M,l K 2SO4 C 5,7g 174g

/

mol C 7+ -,l M,l Al(SO4)+.1H2O C 16,7g 670g

/

mol C 72 -,l M,l KAl(SO4)2.12H2O C massa Mr M#ss# C 7+ -,l  ?2 '-,l C 27/  9#%7 -#ss# e,rs #%#l#0 C 27/  M#ss# #;#s C +7++//  = 47*+/  C 27/1 F ren%e-en C massa praktis massateoritis . 1F C 25,6001g 28,56g . 1F C ?7/+/ F

(8)

PEMBAHASAN

P#%# er&,8##n "#l n y#u e-8u##n #;#s (2KAl(SO4)2.12H2O(s)). Per&,8##n %l#"u"#n seen#0 rese 0#l n %l#"u"#n unu" -en0e-# !# y#n %un#"#n %#n -en0e-# ;#"u. %-#n# %#l#- e-8u##n #;#s er<#% re#"s #n#r# 2 <ens #r#- y#u K 2SO4 %#n Al(SO4)+. 3en#n re#"s se8## 8er"u:

K 2SO4 > Al(SO4)+ > 24H2O → K 2SO4.Al2(SO4)+.24H2O

ru-us #;#s y#n %0#sl"#n %se%er0#n#"#n %en#n -e-8u# ru-us e-rsny# -en<#% 2KAl(SO4)2.12H2O

Se8elu- e-8u##n #;#s7 #r#- Al2(SO4)+.1H2O %l#ru"#n %en#n #r #n#s "#ren# s6#ny# y#n su"#r l#ru %#l#- #r %nn e# su0u #r 0#rus ,_{@ %#" 8,le0 le80 "#ren# <"#} le80 %#r ,_{@ #"#n -en#l#- 0%r,ls se0n# #"#n er8enu" en%##n u0 (Al(OH)}

+)7 0#l n %se8#8"#n s6# y#n %-l" Alu-unu- y#u #-6,er y#n %## 8ere#"s %en#n seny#;# #s#- ##u 8#s#7 y#- -#n# #%# "e#%##n n s6# Al y#n 8er#s#l %#r #s#- le-#0 %#n <"# er0%r,ls #"#n -en<#% 8#s#.

Ber%#s#r"#n en#-##n s## Al2(SO4)+.1H2O %l#ru"#n %#l#- #r7 l#ru#n 8er;#rn# u0 susu. Sel#n<uny# -el#ru"#n #r#- K 2SO4 "e%#l#- #r #n# r,ses e-#n#s#n7 l#ru#n 8er;#n# 8enn %#n #%# !# y#n %#" l#ru 0#l n %se8#8"#n en#-8l#n !# 8ele80 se0n# #%# r,ses el#ru#n l#ru#n -en<#% le;# <enu0.

Ke-u%#n "e%u# l#ru#n %&#-ur"#n7 #%# s## r,ses en&#-ur#n su%#0 #%# er8enru" en%##n u0 0#l n %"#ren#"#n en&#-ur#n "e%u# l#ru#n y#n erl#lu l#-# se0n# su0u #%# s## -el#ru"#n Al2(SO4)+ urun %#n el#0 er8enu" en%##n %#n en#-8l#n K 2SO4 y#n 8erle80.

Seel#0 u l#ru#n %%#-"#n sel#-#  0#r %%#l#- &#;#n enu#7 "#ren# e-8enu"#n #;#s y#n -e-8uu0"#n ;#"u y#n ##" l#-#. Krs#l #;#s y#n er8enu"

seel#0  0#r 8er8enu" 8ur#n=8ur#n 8er;#rn# u0. Se0#rusny# Krs#l #;#s y#n er8enu" #%#l#0 0e"s#,n#l y#n 8er8enu" ,ly,n.

M#ss# Krs#l #;#s y#n %er,le0 se&#r# e,r #%#l#0 27 / se%#n"#n -#ss# y#n %er,le0 -el#lu er&,8##n y#u 27/1. Arny# -#ss# y#n %er,le0 "ur#nn %#r -#ss# e,r. H#l n %"#ren#"#n r,ses e-8enu"#n #;#s y#n 8elu- se-urn# "#ren# #%# s## -en-8#n #;#s7 -#s0 er%## &#r#n y#n lu-#y#n 8#ny#". Ser# ren%e-en y#n % er,le0 #%#l#0 se8es#r ?7/+/F.

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KESIMPULAN

1. Al2(SO4)+ %#" l#ru %#l#- #r %nn se0n# %8uu0"#n #n#s unu" -el#ru"#nny# 2. Su0u unu" -el#ru" Al2(SO4)+ #%#l#0 ,@ "#ren# <"# le80 #"#n er0%r,ls se0n#

er8enu" en%#n u0

+. T#;#s %8u# %#r re#"s #n#r# 2 <ens #r#-4. Ren%e-en y#n %er,le0 #%#l#0 ?7/+/ F

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JAWABAN PERTANYAAN

1. Ber"#n + re#"s enn %#l#- e-urn#n #lu-nu-D #. Al2O+ (s)> 2OH= → 2 Al2O+= > H2O

8. AlO2= > H+O> → Al(OH)+ (s) &. 2Al(OH)+ → Al2O+ > +H2O

2. Tuls ers#-##n re#"s #n#r# l,#- #lu-nu- %en#n 8#s# "u# %#n 8#s# "u#D #. l,#- #lunu- %en#n #s#- "u#

Al(H2O)/+> > H2O → Al(H2O)(OH)2> > H+O> 8. l,#- #lunu- %en#n 8#s# "u#

2Al(H2O)/+> > +S2= → 2Al(H2O)+ (OH)+ > +H2S

+. Tuls ers###n re#"s y#n -enun<u""#n 8##-#n# #lunu- 0%r,"s%# -el#ru %#l#- #s#-%#n 8#s#D

#. 3#l#- #s#-Al+>_{> /H}

2O → Al(H2O)/ +> B 3#l# 8#s#

Al(H2O)/+> > +OH= → Al(H2O)+ (OH)+ > +H2O 4. Tuls %u# &#r# -enuls"#n ru-us ,n #lu-n#D

#. Al(OH)+(s) C en%##n u0 8. Al(OH)4=_(#) _{C en%##n <ern0} . Tuls ru-us u-u- su#u #;#s

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

G.l"ns,n7 $. A. @. . (2*). Kimia Anorganik Dasar . 9#"#r#: UI ress. R5#7 H. (1??). Asas Pemeriksaan Kimia. <#"#r#: UI ress.