Winda Nur Fadilah, 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF INTRALINGUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ERRORS IN STUDENTS’ D ESCRIPTIVE TEXTS Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION... 1
1.1 Background... 1
1.2 Statement of The Problems and Research Questions... 4
1.3 Aims of the Study... 4
1.4 Significance of the Study... 4
1.5 Scope of the Study... 5
1.6 Clarification Terms... 5
1.7 Paper Organization... 6
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION... 8
2.1 Writing... 8
2.5 Contrastive Analysis... 17
Interlanguage... 17
2.6 Non-Contrastive Analysis... 18
Winda Nur Fadilah, 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF INTRALINGUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ERRORS IN STUDENTS’ D ESCRIPTIVE TEXTS Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.7 Treatment of Errors... 21
2.8 Previous Studies on Interlingual and Intralingual Errors... 23
2.9 Concluding Remark... 24
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY... 26
3.1 Research Design... 26
3.2 Research Site and Respondents... 27
3.3 Data Collection... 27
3.3.1 Research Instruments (The Students’ Descriptive Texts)... 27
3.3.2 Research Procedures... 28
3.4 Data Analysis... 28
3.5 Concluding Remark... 29
CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION... 30
4.1 The Types of Intralingual and Developmental Errors in the Students’ Descriptive Texts... 30
Winda Nur Fadilah, 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF INTRALINGUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ERRORS IN STUDENTS’ D ESCRIPTIVE TEXTS Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.4.1At instead of Ø/by/in/to/for... 41
4.1.4.2F or instead of Ø/in/of/from/since... 42
4.1.4.3On instead of Ø/in/at/with/of/to... 42
4.1.4.4 Of instead of Ø/in/by/on/for... 43
4.1.4.5To instead of Ø/for/of... 44
4.1.5 Errors in the Use of Articles... 44
4.1.5.1Omission of the... 45
4.1.5.2 A instead of Ø... 46
4.1.5.2.1 A instead of Ø before a plural noun qualified by an adjective... 46
4.1.5.2.2 A instead of Ø before uncountables... 46
4.1.5.2.3 A instead of Ø before an adjective... 47
4.1.5.3 Omission of a... 47
4.2 Errors in the Use of Articles As The Highest Frequency Errors Made by The Students... 49
4.3 Concluding Remark... 51
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS... 52
5.1 Conclusions... 52
5.2 Suggestions... 53
Winda Nur Fadilah, 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF INTRALINGUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ERRORS IN STUDENTS’ D ESCRIPTIVE TEXTS Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table
4.1 The Distribution of Intralingual and Developmental Errors in the
Winda Nur Fadilah, 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF INTRALINGUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ERRORS IN STUDENTS’ D ESCRIPTIVE TEXTS Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices
1 Administrative Letters
2 The Types of Intralingual and Developmental Errors
3 The Students’ Descriptive Texts
