I S S N 1 8 2 9 - 8 0 0 1
T e r a k r e d i t a s i N o . 3 7 3 / A U 1 / P 2 M B I / 0 7 / 2 0 1 1
L IP I
J u r n a l
Penelitian
Vol.9, No.2, 2012
PO LITIK ACEH
Evaluasi atas Pelaksanaan Otonomi Khusus Aceh: Gagal Menyejahterakan Rakyat
dan Sarat Konflik Internal
Disparitas Regional dan Konflik Pilkada Aceh 2012
Dominasi Partai Aceh Pasca-MoU Helsinki
Pergeseran Masalah Keamanan di Aceh
The EU and Peace Building in Aceh-lndonesia:
a Lesson-Learned for Strengthening Security Policy in Civilian Mission Approach
Problematika Peran Ganda Gubernur di Daerah Otonomi Khusus
Absennya Politik Pengawasan DPR Era Reformasi
Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia dan Isu Keamanan Energi
REVIEW BUKU
J u r n a l
P e n e l i t i a n P o l i t i k
L I P I
J u m a l P u s a t P e n e litia n P o litik - L e m b a g a I lm u P e n g e ta h u a n I n d o n e s ia (P 2 P -
L I P I ), m e r u p a k a n m e d ia p e r tu k a r a n p e m ik ir a n m e n g e n a i m a s a la h - m a s a la h
s tr a te g is y a n g te rk a it d e n g a n b id a n g -b id a n g - b id a n g p o li tik n a s io n a l, lo k a l,
d a n in te r n a s io n a l; k h u s u s n y a m e n c a k u p b e r b a g a i te m a s e p e r ti d e m o k r a tis a s i,
p e m ilih a n u m u m , k o n f lik , o to n o m i d a e r a h , p e r ta h a n a n d a n k e a m a n a n , p o litik
lu a r n e g e r i d a n d ip lo m a s i, d u n ia I s la m s e r ta is u - is u la in y a n g m e m ilik i a rti
s tr a te g is b a g i b a n g s a d a n n e g a r a I n d o n e s ia .
P 2 P - L I P I s e b a g a i p u s a t p e n e litia n m i lik p e m e r in ta h d e w a s a in i d ih a d a p k a n
p a d a tu n tu ta n d a n ta n ta n g a n b a r u , b a i k y a n g b e r s if a t a k a d e m ik m a u p u n p r a k tis
k e b ija k a n , k h u s u s n y a y a n g b e r k a ita n d e n g a n p e r s o a la n d e n g a n o to n o m i d a e ra h ,
d e m o k ra s i, H A M d a n p o s is i I n d o n e s ia d a la m p e r c a tu r a n r e g io n a l d a n in te rn a s i
o n a l. S e c a r a a k a d e m ik , P 2 P -L IP I d itu n tu t m e n g h a s ilk a n k a jia n - k a jia n u n g g u la n
y a n g b is a b e r s a in g d a n m e n ja d i r u ju k a n ilm ia h p a d a ti n g k a t n a s io n a l m a u p u n
in te r n a s io n a l. S e m e n ta ra s e c a ra m o r a l, P 2 P -L IP I d itu n tu t u n tu k m e m b e r ik a n
a r a h d a n p e n c e ra h a n b a g i m a s y a r a k a t d a la m r a n g k a m e m b a n g u n In d o n e s ia b a r u
y a n g ra s io n a l, a d il d a n d e m o k ra tis . K a r e n a itu , k a jia n - k a jia n y a n g d ila k u k a n
tid a k s e m a ta -m a ta b e r o rie n ta s i p r a k s is k e b ija k a n , te ta p i ju g a p e n g e m b a n g a n
ilm u - ilm u p e n g e ta h u a n s o s ia l, k h u s u s n y a p e r a m b a h a n k o n s e p d a n te o r i- te o r i
b a ru ilm u p o litik , p e r b a n d in g a n p o litik , s tu d i k a w a s a n d a n ilm u h u b u n g a n
in te rn a s io n a l y a n g m e m ilik i k e m a m p u a n m e n je la s k a n b e r b a g a i fe n o m e n a so sia l
p o litik , b a ik lo k a l, n a s io n a l, r e g io n a l, m a u p u n in te rn a s io n a l
M i t r a B e s t a r i
P e n a n g g u n g J a w a b P e m i m p i n R e d a k s i D e w a n R e d a k s i S e k r e t a r i s R e d a k s i K e u a n g a n
P r o d u k s i d a n S i r k u l a s i A l a m a t R e d a k s i
I S S N D i s t r i b u t o r
P ro f. D r. D e w i F o r tu n a A n w a r
( A h li A S E A N d a n P o litik L u a r N e g e ri)
P ro f. D r. I n d r ia S a m e g o
( A h li P e r b a n d in g a n P o litik d a n B id a n g K e a m a n a n )
P ro f. D r. M . R y a a s R a s y id M A
( A h li O to n o m i D a e r a h d a n P o litik L o k a l)
P ro f. D r. S y a m s u d d in H a r is
( A h li K e p a rta ia n , P e m ilu , d a n P o litik N a s io n a l)
P ro f. D r. I k r a r N u s a B h a k ti
( A h li B id a n g P e r ta h a n a n d a n P o litik I n te r n a s io n a l)
P r o f . D r. R iz a S ih b u d i
( A h li D u n ia I s la m d a n P o litik T im u r T e n g a h )
P ro f. D r. Z a e n u d d in J a f a r
( A h li B id a n g H u b u n g a n I n te r n a s io n a l)
K e p a la P u s a t P e n e litia n P o litik L I P I
H e r u C a h y o n o
I n d r ia n a K a r tin i, M a r d y a n to W a h y u T r y a tm o k o , S ri Y a n u a rti
L u k y S a n d r a A m a lia
S a r a h N u r a in i S ir e g a r
N a n to S riy a n to , A n g g ih T a n g k a s W ib o w o
P 2 P - L I P I , W id y a G r a h a L I P I , L a n ta i X I
Jl. J e n d . G a to t S u b r o to N o . 10 J a k a r ta 1 2 7 1 0
T e lp . ( 0 2 1 ) 5 2 5 1 5 4 2 , e x t. 7 5 7 , 7 6 3 ; F a k s . ( 0 2 1 ) 5 2 0 7 1 1 8
1 8 2 9 -8 0 0 1
Y a y a s a n O b o r I n d o n e s ia
J in . P la ju N o . 10 J a k a r ta 1 0 2 3 0 T e lp .: ( 0 2 1 ) 3 1 9 2 6 9 7 8 , 3 9 2 0 1 1 4
F a k s .: ( 0 2 1 ) 3 1 9 2 4 4 8 8
Jurnal Pe ne litian
V o l. 9 , N o . 2 , 2 0 1 2
DAFTAR ISI
C a t a t a n R e d a k s i A r t i k e l
• E v a l u a s i a t a s P e l a k s a n a a n O t o n o m i K h u s u s A c e h :
G a g a l M e n y e j a h t e r a k a n R a k y a t d a n S a r a t K o n f l i k I n t e r n a l
H e r u C a h y o n o
• D i s p a r i t a s R e g i o n a l d a n K o n f l i k P i l k a d a A c e h 2 0 1 2
F a d j r i A l i h a r
® D o m i n a s i P a r t a i A c e h P a s c a - M o U H e l s i n k i
M o c h . N u r h a s i m
• P e r g e s e r a n M a s a l a h K e a m a n a n d i A c e h
S a r a h N u r a i n i S i r e g a r
• T h e E U a n d P e a c e B u i l d i n g i n A c e h - I n d o n e s i a : a L e s s o n - L e a r n e d f o r S t r e n g t h e n i n g S e c u r i t y P o l i c y i n C i v i l i a n M i s s i o n A p p r o a c h
C h a i r u l F a h m i
R e s u m e P e n e l i t i a n
• P r o b l e m a t i k a P e r a n G a n d a G u b e r n u r d i D a e r a h O t o n o m i K h u s u s
M a r d y a n t o W a h y u T i y a t m o k o
• A b s e n n y a P o l i t i k P e n g a w a s a n D P R E r a R e f o r m a s i
W a w a n I c h w a n u d d i n
• P o l i t i k L u a r N e g e r i I n d o n e s i a d a n I s u K e a m a n a n E n e r g i
A t h i g a h N u r A l a m i
R e v i e w B u k u
• M e l i h a t R e l a s i D a e r a h d a n N e g a r a T a h u n 1 9 5 0 - a n d e n g a n M e m b o n g k a r N a r a s i B e s a r S e j a r a h
D i n i S u t y a n i
iii
1
2 3
3 5
51
6 3
7 5
91
105
T e n t a n g P e n u l i s
119
M E L I H A T R E L A S I D A E R A H D A N N E G A R A T A H U N 1 9 5 0 - A N D E N G A N M E M B O N G K A R N A R A S I B E S A R S E J A R A H
D i n i S u r y a n i
R e s e n s i B u k u
J u d u l B u k u
P e n u lis
P e n e r b it
T a h u n T e rb it
T e b a l
: A n t a r a D a e r a h d a n N e g a r a : I n d o n e s i a T a h u n 1 9 5 0 - a n
: S ita V a n B e m m e l e n d a n R e m c o R e b e n ( p e n y u n ti n g )
: Y a y a s a n O b o r I n d o n e s ia
:
201 1: v i i i + 3 5 0 h a l a m a n
I S B N : 9 7 8 - 9 7 9 - 4 6 1 - 7 7 2 - 4
Abstract
H istories in the p e r io d o f the 1 9 5 0 ’s are n o t m uch d isc u s se d in the realm o fh is to r ic a l disco u rse in Indonesia. A d ecade in w hich this co u n try w as e x p e rien cin g a very severe struggle, d u e to the se p a ra tist m ovem ents e m erg ed in various p a rts o f Indonesia, w h ile the g o v e m m e n t h a d n o t been sta b le enough p o st-in d ep en d en ce. It is tim e f o r us to leave the b ig narration o f Ind o n esia h isto ry a t the n a tio n a l f o r a m om ent, by lo o k in g m ore closely into the lo ca l level. H ow the fa te o f regions d e term in e d by the p o litic a l realities o f the 1950s a n d ho w the m eetin g p o in t o f n a tio n a l a n d lo ca l context? This a rtic le aim s to review a b o o k e n title d “A n ta ra D a era h dan N egara: In d o n esia Tahun 1950-an ” to a n sw er those questions.
Keywords:
H istory o f 1950* Indonesia, local, n ationalA b s t r a k
S e j a r a h d a s a w a r s a 1 9 5 0 - a n m a s ih b e l u m b a n y a k d i d i s k u s i k a n d a l a m w a c a n a h i s t o r i o g r a f i I n d o n e s ia . P a d a h a l d a s a w a r s a t e r s e b u t I n d o n e s ia m e n g a l a m i p e r j u a n g a n b e r a t k a r e n a b a n y a k n y a g e r a k a n s e p a r a t i s y a n g m u n c u l d i b e r b a g a i d a e r a h , s e d a n g k a n p e m e r i n t a h p u s a t m a s i h b e l u m s e p e n u h n y a s t a b i l p a s c a k e m e r d e k a a n . O l e h k a r e n a itu , p e n ti n g b a g i k i t a s a a t in i u n t u k s e j e n a k m e n i n g g a l k a n n a r a s i b e s a r s e j a r a h I n d o n e s ia d a r i k a c a m a t a J a k a r t a ( p u s a t) d a n m e l ih a t le b ih d e k a t s e j a r a h d i t i n g k a t lo k a l. B a g a i m a n a n a s i b d a e r a h d i te n tu k a n o l e h k e n y a ta a n p o l iti k p a d a t a h u n 1 9 5 0 -a n d a n b a g a i m a n a t i t i k t e m u a n t a r a k o n t e k s n a s i o n a l d a n l o k a l ? A r t i k e l in i b e r tu j u a n m e n g u l a s b u k u b e r ju d u l “ A n t a r a D a e r a h d a n N e g a r a : I n d o n e s ia T a h u n 1 9 5 0 - a n ” u n t u k m e m p e r o le h j a w a b a n p e r ta n y a a n - p e r t a n y a a n te r s e b u t .
K a t a k u n c i : S e j a r a h I n d o n e s ia 1 9 5 0 - a n , lo k a l, n a s i o n a l
P e n d a h u l u a n
R e f o r m a s i 1 9 9 8 m e r u p a k a n s i m p a n g s e j a r a h
p e n t i n g b a g i b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a d e n g a n a d a n y a
b e r b a g a i p e r u b a h a n d i s e g a l a a s p e k . N a m u n
s e s u n g g u h n y a , j a r a n g d i s a d a r i b a h w a p e n g a l a m
a n b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a p a s c a r e f o r m a s i it u m i r ip
d e n g a n y a n g te r ja d i p a d a b a n g s a I n d o n e s ia p a d a
ta h u n 1 9 5 0 - a n . A d a b e b e r a p a i s u p e n t i n g y a n g
s a m a d i p e r d e b a tk a n p a d a ta h u n 1 9 5 0 d a n s a a t
i n i . I s u p e r t a m a a d a l a h m e n g e n a i o t o n o m i
d a e r a h . G a g a s a n d a n g e r a k a n ‘m e m e k a r k a n ’ a ta u
‘m e m e r d e k a k a n ’ d ir i y a n g t e r j a d i d i b e r b a g a i
d a e r a h d i I n d o n e s i a p a d a t i t i k t e r t e n tu d i k u r u n
w a k tu t e r s e b u t s e r u p a d e n g a n t u n t u ta n o to n o m i
d a e r a h y a n g m u n c u l p a s c a r e f o r m a s i y a n g
d ir e s p o n s d e n g a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o . 2 2 T a h u n
1 9 9 9 , y a n g k e r a p k a l i m u n c u l d is e r t a i d e n g a n
m o b i li s a s i d a n m e n g u a t n y a s e n ti m e n e tn is .
I s u k e d u a a d a l a h m e n g e n a i d e m o k r a s i .
S e l a i n m e n g e n a i d o r o n g a n o t o n o m i d a e r a h ,
r e f o r m a s i m e m u n c u l k a n k e m b a l i d i s k u s i
la h a n b is n is d ik u a s a i o le h p e n g u a s a m i l i t e r d a n
s ip il. H a l t e r s e b u t d ir a s a t i d a k m e n g u n tu n g k a n
b a g i m e r e k a y a n g a k h i r n y a m e m il ih S in g a p u r a
d a n H o n g K o n g s e b a g a i t e m p a t b e r b i s n i s y a n g
b a r u . K e ti k a p e m b e r o n t a k a n d i d a e r a h b e r h a s il
d ia k h ir i, d a n k e k u a t a n e k o n o m i m i li t e r d i g u l i n g
k a n , a k t iv i ta s b i s n i s p a r a p e n g u s a h a T i o n g h o a itu
d il a n ju tk a n o le h p a r a k o m a n d a n d a n p e j a b a t s ip il
y a n g le b ih tu n d u k p a d a J a k a r ta .
P e n u t u p
D u a a r ti k e l t e r a k h i r d a l a m b u k u in i s e p e r ti n y a
d im a k s u d k a n u n tu k m e n ja d i p e n g i k a t d a r i tu l is a n
b u n g a r a m p a i y a n g t e l a h d is a j ik a n s e b e lu m n y a .
A r t ik e l p e r t a m a d it u l is o le h R e m c o R a b e n , s a la h
s a t u p e n y u n t in g b u k u , d a n a r ti k e l k e d u a d it u lis
o l e h T a u f i k A b d u l l a h , s e j a r a w a n t e r k e m u k a
I n d o n e s ia .
R e m c o R a b e n d a l a m a r t i k e l n y a y a n g
b e r j u d u l “ B a n g s a , D a e r a h , d a n A m b i g u i t a s
M o d e r n it a s ” ( h a l a m a n 2 9 5 - 3 1 5 ) s e a k a n m e n ja d i
b e n a n g m e r a h d a r i a p a y a n g d ib a h a s d a l a m b u k u
in i. R a b e n m e n e k a n k a n b a h w a b a n g s a d a n d a e r a h
t i d a k d a p a t d i p e r t e n t a n g k a n . M e s k i t u n t u t a n
o to n o m i d ip a n d a n g s e b a g a i s u a tu p e m u n c u la n
k e m b a l i e t n i s i t a s o l e h p a r a p o l i t i s i d i t i n g k a t
n a s io n a l ta h u n 19 5 0 - a n , d a n j u g a s e l a m a O r d e
B a r u , s e ja t in y a t u n t u ta n o to n o m i m e r e f le s ik a n
k a r a k t e r i s t i k u t a m a m a s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a .
D a e r a h ti d a k s e k a d a r m e n d u p li a k s i a t a u m e n g
a d o p s i a p a y a n g d i b a n g u n o l e h p u s a t , t e t a p i
d a e r a h te r n y a ta m e n g a l a m i p e r d e b a ta n te r s e n d ir i
b a g a i m a n a m a s y a r a k a t m o d e m itu s e s u n g g u h n y a
d a n a p a s a j a k e s e n j a n g a n a n t a r a n e g a r a d a n
b a n g s a . R a b e n b e r p e n d a p a t d e n g a n m e l i h a t
b a n g s a m e l a l u i k a c a m a t a d a e r a h k e n y a t a a n
te r s e b u t d a p a t d is ib a k k a n . D a la m a r ti k e l te r a k h ir
d i b u k u in i, T a u f ik A b d u ll a h m e n y a ji k a n s e b u a h
t u l i s a n m e n g e n a i “ R e g i o n a l i s m e d a n S e n
t r a l i s m e ” ( h a l a m a n 3 1 6 - 3 3 4 ) y a n g m e n g a j a k
p e m b a c a u n tu k m e n y a d a r i b a h w a p e r m a s a l a h
a n p e n d i k o t o m i a n J a w a d a n l u a r J a w a , b a i k
d a l a m w a c a n a m a u p u n k e b i j a k a n y a n g d ia m b il
p e m e r in ta h m a s i h b e r c a m p u r - a d u k d a l a m h a s r a t
n a s io n a l is m e b a h k a n h i n g g a s e k a r a n g .
B a g a i m a n a p u n , b u k u i n i m e n y a j i k a n
r a n g k a i a n s e j a r a h y a n g c u k u p k o m p r e h e n s i f
m e n g e n a i p e r i s t i w a - p e r i s t i w a y a n g t e r j a d i d i
ta h u n 19 5 0 - a n , s e b u a h d e k a d e y a n g s e r in g d ia n g
g a p m e n ja d i p e r i o d e y a n g s u li t d it e lu s u r i d a l a m
s i m p a n g s e j a r a h R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a . S e b a g a i
b u n g a r a m p a i, a r ti k e l y a n g a d a d a l a m b u k u in i
c u k u p b e r k a i t a n s a tu d e n g a n y a n g la in s e h in g g a
p e m b a c a t e ta p b i s a m e n g k e r a n g k a in y a s e b a g a i
s a tu k e s a t u a n y a n g u tu h .
A r ti k e l k l a s i k M c V e y y a n g d il e ta k k a n d i b a
g ia n a w a l, s e a k a n m e m p a k a n p a y u n g y a n g s a n g a t
t e p a t u n t u k m e n g a w a l i b u k u in i . J i k a a r t i k e l
M c V e y a d a l a h p a y u n g m a k a a r ti k e l R a b e n b is a
d ik a ta k a n s e b a g a i b e n a n g m e r a h d a r i k e s e lu r u h a n
a r ti k e l d i b u k u in i. B a h w a t u j u a n m e m b o n g k a r
n a r a s i b e s a r s e ja r a h m e la lu i p e r i s t i w a s p e s if i k d i
d a e r a h d a n p e n g i d e n ti f i k a s ia n r e la s i p u s a t d a n
d a e r a h p a d a d e k a d e 1 9 5 0 - a n d i s a j i k a n s e c a r a
b a i k d a l a m a r ti k e l in i.
T i d a k h a n y a s a m p a i d i s itu , r e f le k s i a ta s a p a
y a n g te r j a d i p a s c a - O r d e B a r u d e n g a n a p a y a n g
te r ja d i p a d a k u r u n w a k tu 19 5 0 - a n d i a k h ir a rtik e l,
m e n y a d a r k a n k i t a b a h w a p e n t i n g u n t u k b e l a ja r
d a r i s e ja r a h k a r e n a s e ja r a h b i s a j a d i b e r u la n g ,
m e s k i d a l a m w a ja h y a n g b e r b e d a . B u k u in i m e n
j a d i s u m b a n g a n p e n t in g d a n p a t u t u n t u k d ib a c a
o le h m a h a s is w a , a k a d e m is i, a t a u p e m in a t s e ja r a h
k a r e n a s u d a h s e l a y a k n y a p e r i s t i w a y a n g te r ja d i
p a d a t a h u n 1 9 5 0 - a n m e m il ik i t e m p a t y a n g s a m a
d e n g a n p e r i s t i w a la in y a n g te r j a d i d i I n d o n e s ia .
D a f t a r P u s t a k a
A n d e r s o n , B e n e d i c t. 1 9 9 1 . I m a g i n e d C o m m u n itie s : R e fle c ti o n s o n th e O r ig in a n d S p r e a d o f N a - ti o n a li s m . N e w Y o rk : V e rs o .
F e i t h , H e r b e r t . 1 9 9 9 . P e m i l u 1 9 5 5 d i I n d o n e s ia . J a k a r ta : K e p u s t a k a a n P o p u l e r G r a m e d i a .
N o r d h o l t , H e n k S c h u l t e . 2 0 1 1 . “ I n d o n e s i a in t h e 1 9 5 0 s : N a ti o n , M o d e m i t y , a n d P o s t- C o l o n i a l S t a t e ” , d a l a m B i j d r a g e n t o t d e T a a l- , L a n d - e n V o lke n k u n d e. V o l. 1 6 7 , N o . 4 ( 2 0 1 1 ) , d a l a m h ttp : //w w w .k itlv - jo u r n a ls .n l/in d e x .p h p /h tl v .
N o r d h o l t , H e n k S c u lt e , B a m b a n g P u r w a n t o , R a t n a S a p t a r i ( E d s . ) . 2 0 0 8 . P e r s p e k t i f B a r u P e n u lis a n S e ja r a h In d o n e s ia J a k a r ta : Y a y a s a n O b o r , K I T L V d a n P u s ta k a L a r a s a n .
R e i d , A n th o n y . 2 0 1 1 . M e n u ju S e ja r a h S u m a tr a : A n ta r a I n d o n e s ia d a n D u n ia . J a k a r t a : Y a y a s a n O b o r d a n K I T L V
