Chapter Three
Methodology
This chapter explains the methodology of the research. This chapter discussed research design, research setting, research participants, research
instrument, data collection technique and data analysis technique. There was some theories support this chapter.
Research Design
This study used qualitative research design. It was chosen because it is concerned to explain about social phenomena. It means that the purpose of
qualitative research is to make people understand, about social phenomena around them. The social phenomena that happened in this case was pre-service teacher at EED of UMY have to do teaching practice, but they have minimum competencies, which they still confused to selecting materials to teach. Further, qualitative research concerns the questions about people’s behavior, people’s opinion and attitude, how some events can give effects for people (Hancok,
Likewise, the aim of this research was to know how the social phenomena happened in a teaching practice of pre-service teacher at EED of UMY. The researcher was curious to know how the authentic materials used by the pre-service teacher in their teaching practice at EED of UMY. Therefore, qualitative approach method was very appropriate for this research, because it eased researcher gathering the data.
After choosing qualitative research design, the researcher chose
descriptive qualitative as the qualitative approach. Descriptive qualitative was an approach for the research that focuses on description and interpretation (Hancok, Ockleford&Windridhe, 2009). Hancok, Ockleford&Windridhe (2009) also explained that descriptive qualitative is attempted to broaden and deeper the thoughtful about how things become the way in our social world.
According to those opinions, the researcher concluded that descriptive is an approach of qualitative research design. Moreover, descriptive qualitative can reveal deeper about the understanding of social world that focuses on description and interpretation. Regarding to this, the researcher chose description qualitative approach. It was because description qualitative is the suitable approach to help the researcher for answer the research question of this study.
Research Setting
This research was conducted at English Education Department of
pre-service teacher in their teaching practice at EED of UMY, automatically the best setting of this research in English Education Department of
UniversityMuhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Moreover, all students at EED of UMY especially batch 2013 took teaching practice course in fist until six semesters.
The second reason was because the location of English Education
Department may accessible for the researcher. Accessible here mean that English Education Department of Universities Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta is the place where the researcher studies, so it made the researcher easier to get the data. For example, it helped the researcher when the researchers make an appointment for an interview. The setting of the research assisted the researcher in conducting the research effectively. In addition, this research was held on April 2017 because in that time, the lecturing activities began after the semester break. Hence, it would be easier for researcher to find the participants since they were already active on campus.
Research Participants
have enough experiences in teaching practice. In addition, the researcher used pseudonyms in reporting the results in order to protect the identity of the respondents.
The participants of this research were the pre-service teacher in EED of UMY, batch 2013, and the researcher chose four students since there are no clear rules in the size of the participants of qualitative research (Cohen, Manion and Morris, 2001). This study used purposive technique. Cohen, Manion and Morris (2001) also suggested purposive technique in qualitative research was used when the research that non-probability. The purpose of purposive technique was focused in some characteristics of the participants, which enable the researcher to answer the research question of the study. Regarding to the theory, the researcher believed that purposive sampling was suitable for this research. It is because the researcher had some criteria to answer the research question of the study. First criterion was the sample of this research must be the pre-service teachers at English Educational Department. The second was the pre-service teacher at EED of UMY who had finished teaching practice one until practicum six. For the third criterion, the participants should have used authentic materials in their teaching practice. To know the participants who had used authentic materials in their teaching practice, the researcher asked the participants before doing the interview. Instrument of the Study
used instrument for data collection. The purpose of the interview was to look at the perception, experience, belief, and motivation of the people in some case (Gill, Stewart, Treasure & Chadwick, 2008).Regarding to these purposes, the researcher believed that using interview was the appropriate instrument to answer the
research question of this study. The questions of the interview focused on the authentic material used by the pre-service teachers in teaching practice. By interview, the researcher got information about what kind of authentic material that are commonly used, what the advantages and disadvantages of authentic materials based on pre-service teacher experience in their teaching practice.
The researcher used interview guide approach as a type of interview. Interview guide approach is type of interview that needs a form or a guideline which the questions are not sequence. The researcher did not have to ask the interviewee in sequence. The researcher used interview guide approach in order to collect the data systematically with each participant, and it can anticipate and close the logical gap in the data, and interviews remain fairly discussion and situation (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2011).
Indonesian language or Bahasa Indonesia was used in collecting the data. The reason is that Indonesian language or Bahasa Indonesiawas the first language of the researcher and participants. Automatically, it can make deeper
Technique of Data Collection Method
For collecting the data, the researcher did some steps. The first step was preparing the interview guideline; it can help the researcher get rich data in an interview. The second step was making an appointment with the participants for doing the interview. The researcher was made an appointment by using media social such as a blackberry massager and line message. The third step was explaining what the research is about. The researcher changed the name of participants into pseudonym for the data presentation. It was used in order to make the participant enjoy and comfortable with the interview.
The researcher conducted the interview with an open-ended question. In this interview, the researcher used the questions and sequences of them are determined in advance (Cohen, Manion&Mirrison, K, 2011). The researcher had 10-20 minutes for the interview with the participants. The researcher recorded the interview for collecting the data. After that, the researcher transcribed the
interview. In transcribing, the researcher can look the literal statements, non-verbal and paralinguistic communications of the participants (Cohen,
Manion&Mirrison, K, 2011).After transcribing the interview, the researcher checked the transcript. Afterward, the researcher did member checking to make sure the validity of the transcript. Member checking is the term when the participants can check the result of transcribing (Doyle, 2007; Merriam, 1998). Data Analysis
the data gained. The coding is the name or label for the information in some texts. Coding also helped the researcher to identify the similar information when collect the data (Cohen, Manion & Morris, 2011). It was supported by Strauss and Corbin (1990) coding is some process for breaking down the data in the statement
become smaller units. In coding the data, the researcher must follow the sequence of coding. The first step was open coding, “Open coding is the labels that given
by the researcher, for explaining and categorize some text. The researcher can do the coding in each line, sentence, paragraph or unit of text. After that, the
