THE EFFECT OF USING STILL PICTURES
ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN
WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted to English Department, Faculty of Language and Arts State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
SITI HAJAR
Reg. No. 2101121044
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
DECLARATION
I have familiarized myself with the University’s Policy on Academic integrity. Except where appropriately acknowledged, this thesis is my own work, has been expressed in my own words, and has not been previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan, September 2014
Siti Hajar
i ABSTRACT
Hajar, Siti. 2101121044. THE EFFECT OF USING STILL PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT. A thesis. Faculty of language and Arts. State University of Medan. 2014
This study aims to find out whether students’ achievement through using still Pictures is higher than through motion pictures in writing procedure text. The research was conducted by experimental research used in two groups. They are experimental use still pictures and control use motion pictures. The subject of this study were the students of SMA Swasta Abdi Negara class XI2 and XI3 consisted of 30 students for each classes. To collecting the data was taken from writing test. Based on the calculation, it shows that the reliability of the test was 0,81 categorized as very high reliability.After analyzing the data,it was found that the value of to was 3.644 with the degree of freedom (df)=58 at the level of significance p(0,05)=2,004.It means that to is higher than tt. It was found that teaching procedure text by use still pictures is higher than use motion pictures. Still pictures has a significant effect on students’ achievement in writing procedure text.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly, In the name of Allah SWT the most almighty, the most merciful, all of praise to Allah who already give her health and mercy so that the writer was able to finish this study. Next, peace be upon to the prophet Muhammad SAW who bought human being from the dark ages to bright one in the world.
In writing this thesis entitled “The Effect of using Still Pictures on students’ Achievement in Writing Procedure Text” as the partial fulfillment of the requirement for degree of Sarjana Pendidikan at English Department State University of Medan. The researcher faced so many difficulties but she did not stop her efforst to make a better one, and it was impossible to do it without much help from others. Therefore, the writer would like to express her great thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and arts State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and as her great Thesis Consultant.
Rika, S.Pd, M.Hum., the Secretary of English and Literature Department. Dra. Masitowarni Siregar M.Ed., the Head of English Education and her
Academic Advisor
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., her Reviewers Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., her Reviewers.
All the lectures who have given knowledge the academic years..
Her beloved parents., Alm. H. bustami B.A and Hj. Masmaimun Hasibuan, and also her beloved brothers and sisters Bukhori S.T,
Azniaty Amk, dr Asypairi, dr Faisal, Rahmiati Amd, Nelly B, and
Rahmah S.Pd.
Thanks to Muhammad Noer Hasibuan S.T., for his great motivation, attention,patience and also help during her academic years.
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C 2010 and for those whose name cannot be mentioned yet, who had inspired, encouraged and gave her support, helping, and laughs during her study years and the process of writing this thesis.
Nila Hevy Zulianty, SP., the Headmaster of SMA Swasta Abdi Negara Binjai, who had given the change to the writer for collecting the data for his research, and all the teachers and staffs who help him to collect the data during the research..
Erna Lasmaida Panggabean, S.Pd, the Mentor from SMA Swasta Abdi Negara Binjai, for the support to the writer in doing this research.
Mam Euis and Mr. Pantas for their help to completing the administration.
Finally, the researcher expected that her study would be useful for the students, teacher, and the other researchers who want to conduct the further research about procedure text. May Allah the most Almighty bless of the researcher and them.
Medan, September 2014 The Writer,
SITI HAJAR
Reg.No.2101121044
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1. Students’ Achievement In Writing ... 7
2. Genre ... 10
3. Procedure Text ... 12
a. Assesment of Writing Procedure Text ... 15
4. Teaching Media ... 16
a. Still Pictures ... 16
b. Still Pictures in Writing Procedure Text ... 18
c. The Advantages of using still pictures ... 19
d. The Disadvantages of using still pictures ... 19
5. Motion Pictures ... 19
B. Conceptual Framework ... 20
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3. Post - Test ... 28
E. The Validity and The Reliabiliy of the test ... 28
1. The Validity ... 28
2. The Reliability ... 28
F. Technique of Data Analysis ... 30
G. The Statistical Hypothesis ... 31
CHAPTER IV THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 32
A. The Data ... 32
B. Data Analysis ... 35
1. Analyzing The Data Using T-Test ... 35
a. The Calculation of the t-table ... 35
b. The Calculation of the t-observed ... 36
C. Testing Hypothesis ... 37
D. Research Finding ... 37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 39
A. Conclusion ... 39
B. Suggestion... 39
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1 The Percentage of Grade X Students’ score in Writing ... 2
Table 3.1 Experimental Research Design ... 23 Table 3.2 The Population of Students grade XI SMA Swasta Abdi Negara
Binjai Academic Year 2013/2014 ... 24 Table 3.3 Assessment of Writing... 25
Table 3.4 Teaching Procedure in Experimental and Control Group ... 27 Table 4.1 The Result Score of Experimental Group Using Treatment
Still Pictures... 33
Table 4.2 The Result Score of Control Group Using Treatment
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LIST OF FIGURE
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LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX A Question in pre-test in Experimental and Control Group ... 43
APPENDIX B Question in post-test in Experimental Group ... 44
APPENDIX C Question in post-test in Experimental Group ... 45
APPENDIX D The Result of Pre – Test and Post – Test of Experimental Group Using Treatment Still Pictures ... 46
APPENDIX E The Result of Pre – Test and Post – Test of Control Group Using Treatment Still Pictures... 47
APPENDIX F The Calculation of t-Test in Experimental Group ... 48
APPENDIX G The Calculation of mean of the test in Experimental group ... 49
APPENDIX H The Calculation of t-Test in Control Group ... 50
APPENDIX I The Calculation of mean of the test in Control group ... 51
APPENDIX J The Calculation of T-Test T-Table ... 52
APPENDIX K The Calculation of T-Test T-Observed ... 53
APPENDIX L The Reliability of the test... 55
APPENDIX M The Calculation of Reliability of the Test ... 56
APPENDIX N Percentage Points of The distribution ... 57
APPENDIX O The Lesson Plan for Experimental ... 59
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REFERENCES
Arikunto, S. 2003. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Singapore: Wardswith.
Bloom, B,S. 1996. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: the Classification of
educational Goals. New York; Longman.
Brown, H. Douglas. 2001 Teaching By Principle: An Interactive Approach to
Language Pedagogy. (2nd ed). San Francisco: Addison Wesley Longman.
Chitravelu, et all. 2005. ELT Methodology: Principles and Practise 2nd Edition. Malaysia: Fajar Bekti
Clark and Clark. 1997. Physicology and Language. USA.Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Dabbagh and Bannan-Ritland. 2005. Online Learning. Ohio. Pearson.
Harmer, J.2004. How to Teach Writing. London: Longman.
Heaton, J.1988. Writing English Test. London:Longman Group
Hyland, K.2003. Second Language Writing. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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Marco, Maria Jose Luzon , 2002. English Teaching Forum: Internet
Content-based Activities.
Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta: Andi
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.The Background of the Study
People as social human being can not stay alone in the world., they need
the presence of the other people to socialize, interact and communicate. Language is needed to communicate because the language can not be separated in human’s
life and no person live without language. The people use the language to express their ideas either spoken or written way. English language is used by the member of world society in communication.
Based on Educational Unit Curriculum (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan : KTSP), students in Senior High School are expected to be able to
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Table 1.1
The Percentage of Grade X Students’ score in Writing Semester
Source : Students’ accumulated score of Grade X students at SMA Swasta Abdi
Negara Binjai academic year 2013/2014
The Minimum Criteria Mastery ( Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) ) which is used in that school is 75. From the data above, it can be concluded that the student’s score in two semesters was still low, there were many students with
under score standard found and still far to achieve the minimum competence score.
Based on the writer’s experience on the observation and the interview on 30th March and 2nd April 2014 in SMA Swasta Abdi Negara Binjai, most of students have difficulty in teaching and learning process, especially in writing
procedure text. Teachers give lessons only with theory and exercises in student worksheet and in that school didn’t have a textbook, so that the students feel
bored, and do not understand what is being taught. Most of students were not able to write procedure text well, they just follow the lessons without having to know how to write it. In this era of globalization, most students only copies of material
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about what they want to write. Students also did not seriously follow a given learning process. Some of the students’ writing score still unsatisfactory because
the scores were not fulfilled the KKM, and many of the students think that writing especially writing an English text is difficult. The other obstacles that writing
teachers have to overcome is a reluctance on the part of their students to engange in writing activities any enthusiasm.
The failure of the students in writing caused by the media of teaching and
learning process. Teacher must be able to create suitable media for a better, interesting and helpful teaching and learning process. In the former, the teacher
just taught writing through lecturing. The students became passive and they just listen the teacher explanation without doing something. It made writing became boring.
To solve the problem above, the writer find an alternative way. One of the alternative way is using Still Pictures. There are many kinds of media in teaching
and learning process. But still pictures one of media that can be one alternative in teaching and learning English. Still Pictures is more focused on image which is not move, such as photos and so on. In this case, power point is not used to make
the pictures dubbed or even moved. Picture are used to help presenting information to the class. Students are able imagine and think what they want to
write in the a procedure text. Picture also can give the chronological steps in making or doing something. So, Picture are able to help the students to understand
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they see. To make the students interested in the materials, using still pictures is expected to make them understand the step to make the sentence linked together.
By using this media, the teacher can create an interesting way in learning writing. Berta, the 2012 academic year student of state university of Medan had
done a study with title “ Improving Student’s Achievement in Writing Procedural
Paragraph by Using Still Pictures ”. She was conducted to see how the application of pictures can improve the students’ achievement in writing,
particularly writing a procedure text. In this study, the writer focuses on the use Still pictures to improve the student’s ability in writing procedure text. By this
media, she expects the students are able to write the example of procedure text and also to complete their task about it. The researchers hope that Still pictures can be a strategy which tries the students to build an active learning, joyfull
learning and interesting learning teaching process especially in writing procedure text.
Considering the background above, the writer interests to do a study with title “ The Effect of using Still Pictures on Students’ Achievement in Writing
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B.The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problem of the study is formulated as the following: “Is the students’ achievement in writing procedure
text taught by using Still Pictures higher than the students’ achievement thaught by using motion pictures?”
C.The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is to find out whether students’ achievement taught by using Still Picture is higher than the students’ achievement taught by
motion pictures in writing procedure text.
D.The Scope of the Study
To avoid misunderstanding and to clarify the problem, it is necessary to make limitation of the problem. This study is limited on the use of still pictures as
a media of teaching in teaching procedure text and to investigate the effect of Still Pictures on students’ achievement in procedure text.
E. The Significance of the Study
The finding of this study are expected to be useful for :
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2. The students to improve their writing achievement by using Still Pictures in writing procedure text..
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
The result of calculation of t-test showed that t0 3,644 with the
degree of freedom (df) = 58 is higher than t-table 2.004 at the level significance (p = 0,05 ) which implies that the alternative hypothesis is
accepted. It can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using still pictures on the students’ achievement in writing text.
The students’ achievement through using still pictures is higher
than the students’ achievement through motion pictures in writing
procedure text.
B. Suggestions
Based on the result of the study, the suggestion can be stated the following :
1. It is suggested to the teachers to using still pictures in teaching procedure text as the interesting media in
teaching media. Because by using still pictures can improve the students’ achievement in writing procedure
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2. It is suggested to the teacher guide the students in writing procedure text so they can practice more in writing
procedure text easily.
