LOVE EXPRESSION FOUND IN BREAKING DAWN MOVIE by STEPHENIE MEYER: PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
IRMA CANDRA HIKMAWATI A320090166
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
LOVE EXPRESSION FOUND IN BREAKING DAWN MOVIE by STEPHENIE MEYER: PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS
by
Irma Candra Hikmawati English Department, A320090166 Email: asharichandra@yahoo.co.id
ABSTRACK
Her research aims at clarifying the pragmalinguistic forms of love expressions, clarifying the speaker intentions of love utterance, describing the speech acts of love expression used in Breaking Dawn movie. The type of the research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of this research is love expressions used in Breaking Dawn (Romance film) directed by Stephenie Meyer. The data of this research are sentences containing love expressions found in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. The researcher finds 28 love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. This movie contains many dialogues especially love expressions. The method of collecting data in this research are watching the original Movie Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer, finding out love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer, note talking all the expression in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer, identifying the pragmalinguistic forms of love expressions used in the movie, and re-typing all the sentence containing love expression in the movie. The writer uses descriptive interpretive to analyze the data of love expression in this movie. The techniques of analysis are finding out love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer, clarifying the pragmalinguistic forms in love expression, clarifying the speaking intentions in love expression, and describing the speech acts found in love expression in this movie. The result of the study has three findings. First, the pragmalinguistic forms of the love are word and sentences (positive imperative, declaration, interrogative, and exclamatory sentence). in pragmalinguistic form, the researcher finds the types of love, they are romance, affection, and friendship form. Second, the researcher finds speaker intention. They are fear of loosing, showing attention, showing affection, complementing, expectation, happiness, feel a pity, jealous, scared of being, and convince the bride. Third, the speech act of love utterance. They are directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives. The researcher also finds the act of the speakers, they are requesting, information, questioning, complimenting, promising, loving, and anger.
1 A. Introduction
People can interact in the social life using language. With communication, the understand each other very well. Actually, the communication is not only spoken or written, but also action.
Relationships generally start with conversations. People sometimes use the term „conversation‟ to mean any spoken interaction. “Conversation
refers to a time when two or more people have the right to talk or listen without having to follow a fixed schedule, such as an agenda” (Arthur,2003:
5). In conversation everyone can have something to say and every one can speak at any time.
In attempting to express themselves, people do not only produce utterances containing grammatical structure and words, the perform action via those utterance. “The speech act or acts performed in the utterance of a
sentence are in general a function of the meaning of the sentence” (Searle,
1968: 18). Then according to Jule in Fauziati (2009: 173) “speech act is commonly given more specific labels, such as apology, complaint, compliment, promise or request”.
One of the acts can be shown by means of love. According to Sheryl Paul (2012) “Love is action. Love is tolerance. Love is learning your partner's
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complete; that's your job. And it's only when you learn to become the source of your own aliveness and are living your life connected to the spark of genius that is everyone's birthright can you fully love another”.
The researcher is interested in analyzing the linguistic form, the function to love expression in the form of research entittled: Love Expression found inBreaking Dawn Movie by Stephenie Meyer. Pragmatics Analysis.
B. Research Method
The data of this research are sentences containing love expressions found in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. The researcher finds 28 love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. And the data source used in this research is taken from Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer.
In collecting the data, the researcher uses documentation as the method of collecting the data in this research. The steps are as follows; 1) Watching the original Movie Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. 2) Finding out love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. 3) Note talking all the expression in Breaking Dawn movie by Stephenie Meyer. 4) Identifying the pragmalinguistic forms of love expressions used in the movie. 5) Re-typing all the sentence containing love expression in the movie.
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pragmalinguistic forms in love expression. 2) Clarifying the speaking intentions in love expression. 3) Describing the speech acts found in love expression.
C. Finding and Discussion.
Research finding presents the answer of the research question in this study. The research question relates to the pragmalinguistics form of love utterance, the speaker‟s intention in love utterance, and the speech act in love
utterance used in the movie. The explanation of each component will be discussed below:
1. The Pragmalinguistic Form
Pragmalinguistics is the study of “particular resources which a
given language provides for conveying illocutions” (linguistic actions)
(Leech, 1983,p. 11). Pragmalinguistics is a branch of pragmatics in linguistic study. Pragmalinguistics (linguistic pragmatics, pragmatic linguistics, internal pragmatics) concerns primarily on the study of linguistic phenomena from the point of view of their usage. According to Cenzo (2007) “Pragmalinguistics refers to the ability use linguistic elements to perform speech acts”. Beside the form of love, the
researcher wants to elaborate the word and sentence. a. Word Level
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variation of the word to show the expressions of love. The researcher found that love mostly use specific words to produce a love. To express a love, the participants of this movie use dominant words. They are: love you, marry you, miss you, need you, be careful.Below are some examples:
1) This event shows the conversation between Edward and Bella. Edward had been waiting a century to marry Bella. They feel very happy because on the last day they will get married. Edward uses dominant word that usually used in expression of love.
Edward : I was just checking for cold feet. Bella : Well, mine are toasty warm.
Edward : It‟s not too late to change your mind. Bella :What?Now you‟re having second
thoughts? Bella : You are
Edward : No, I‟ve been waiting a century to marry you, Miss Swan.
2) The conversation occurs among Priest, Edward, and Bella in wedding. They (Edward and Bella) uttered a pledge of marriage to love each other in front of the Priest. Then Edward and Bella showed their love utterance.
Priest : Ladies and gentlemen, we are gathered here on this glorious day.
Priest : to witness the union of Edward Cullen and Bella Swan.
Priest : Please repeat after me. I, Edward Cullen. Take you, Bella Swan.
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Edward : To have and to hold. Bella : For better or for worse. Edward : For richer, for poorer. Bella : In sickness and in health. Edward : To love.
Bella : To cherish.
Edward : As long as we both shall live. I do. Bella : I love you.
3) The location of this conversation is in the party. Bella would go honeymoon with Edward. She asked permission to her mother (Renee) after the wedding. They grieved of being apart for long time and they would miss each other. Her mother (Renee) said that she loved her and Bella did too.
Renee : Take care of yourself Bella : I will
Renee : Okay
Renee : I love you, Bella. Bella : I love you
Renee : So much Bella : thank you
4) This event showed conversation between Jacob (Bella‟s friend) and Bella Swan. Bella tells Jacob to be careful when bringing the motorcycle.
Jacob : When do we star? Bella : Now.
Jacob : Please? All right.
Bella : Oh, hey, be careful. Thus things are actually really heavy,
so . .
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5) The conversation is between Jacob and Bella in theater movie. Bella assumed that Jacob is her best friend and she needed Jacob to protect her.
Jacob : What? I can‟t hold your hand?
Bella : No, of course you can. I just think it means, you know, something a little different to you. So . . .
Jacob : Okay, well, tell me something. You like me, right?And you think I‟m sort of beautiful.
Bella : Jacob, please, don‟t do this. Jacob : Why?
Bella : Because you‟re about to ruin everything. And I need you.
Jacob : Well, I‟ve got loads oftime. I‟m not gonna giveup. I don‟t want you to.
b. Sentence Level
The participants are not only produce the same love expressions but also shows the variation expressions of love. They produce the expression like declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory.Theresearcher presents the example below:
1) The conversation take place the Bella‟s bed room, Renee (Bella‟s mother) complimented his daughter that she looked
very beautiful. She used declaration sentence to produce love expression.
Renee : Alice? Bella? Bella : In here, Mom. Renee : Oh, my gosh!
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2) The conversation show that Bella was jealous to Edward. It happened when he would come to the party with his friend. Bella asked Edward if there were strippers in the party. She used interrogative sentence to produce the love expression.
Bella : Will there be strippers?
Edward : No, just a couple of mountain lions.
Edward‟s friend : Don‟t worry, Bella, we‟ll give him
back in plenty of time.
3) The conversation below was between Bella and Alice (Bella‟s
friend) in terrace house. Alice tells Bella that she wants Bella to go home and get lots of beauty sleep.
Alice : You, go home and get lots of beauty sleep.
Alice : That‟s an order Bella : Okay
4) The conversation take place in the Cullen family house. Jacob is angry of Bella‟s condition. He loves Bella. He asks Cullen family to do something for Bella‟s safety.
Carlisle Cullen : Ultrasounds and needles won‟t penentrate and embryonic sac.
Alice : I can‟t see it, either. And I can‟t see Bella‟s future anymore.
Carlisle : We‟ve been researching legends, but there isn‟t much to go on. What we do know is that it‟s strong. And fast growing.
Jacob : Why haven‟t you done anything? Take it out of her!
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[image:12.595.110.518.194.478.2]The result of Linguistic Form in general are shown in table 1: Table 1
Linguistic Form of Love
No Linguistic Form Name Amount
1 Word level Love you 6
Marry you / me 2
Need you 2
Careful 2
To love 1
2 Sentence level Positive imperative 9
Declaration 4
Interrogative 1
Exclamatory 1
2. The Speaker’s Intention
Speaker‟s intention or the illocutionary force of a speech act is
the effect a speech act is intended to have by a speaker. The researcher only finds 10 speaker‟s intention from the movie. They are fear of
9 a. Fear of Loosing
It happen in a conversation when Jacob says to Carlisle Cullen (Edward‟s father). Jacob says to Carlisle why haven‟t he done anything to Bella.
Carlisle : We‟ve been researching legends, but there
isn‟t much to go on. What we do know is
that it‟s strong. And fastgrowing.
Jacob : Why haven’t you done anything? Take it
out of her!
b. Showing attention
This conversation happened between Alice and Bella in front of house. Alice tells to Bella to go home and get lots of beauty sleep. Because tomorrow she will married with Edward.
Alice : You, go home and get lots of beauty sleep.
Alice : That‟s an order Bella : Okay
c. Showing affection
The conversation happened between Bella and her mother (Renee) in the party. Bella will go honeymoon with Edward. She asked permission to her mother (Renee) after the wedding. They grieved of being apart for long time and they would miss each other. Her mother (Renee) said that she loved her also Bella did.
Renee : Take care of yourself Bella : I will
Renee : Okay
Renee : I love you, Bella. Bella : I love you
10 d. Complementing
The conversation between Bella and her mother (Renee) in the make up room. Renee was amazed to see beauty of bella after make up. Then Renee complemented his daughter that looks very beautiful.
Renee : Alice? Bella? Bella : In here, Mom. Renee : Oh, my gosh! Renee : You’re so beautiful. Renee : Oh, honey.
e. Expectation
The conversation between Edward and Bella in bedroom. Edward said that he needs Bella in his life. He was fear to lossing Bella because he loved Bella.
Edward : I need you, to have a chance at a normal, happy life.
Bella : It was so easy for you to leave.
Edward : Leaving you was the hardest thing I‟ve done in 100 years.
f. Happiness
The conversation below is between Edward and Bella. Edward tells his feelings that he is very happy after waiting so long to marry with Bella. Finally they get married though they have different world.
Edward : I was just checking for cold feet. Bella : Well, mine are toasty warm.
Edward : It‟s not too late to change your mind. Bella : What? Now you‟re having second
thoughts? Bella : You are
11 g. Feel a pity
The conversation is between Edward and Bella. Bella loves the baby because the baby is happy. Bella feels sorry for the baby because the first baby will be aborted. But Bella choses to take care of the baby. And to this day her baby is happy with Bella.
Edward : Just say something else.
Bella : Like what? Edward, what‟s going on? Edward : He likes the sound of your voice. Bella : You can hear him?
Edward : In mind. He likes my voice as well. Bella : What? What do you hear?
Edward : It‟s so strange. I thought he was like me,
but he‟s not. He‟s like you. Good and pure.
He‟s happy.
Bella :Of course you are. Of course you‟re happy. How could you not be? I love you so
much.What do you hear now? Edward : He loves you, Bella. Bella : Oh, my gosh
h. Jealous
The conversation are among Edward, Bella, and Edward‟s
friend. Edward will come to the party with his friend. He asks for Bella is permission. Bella asks whether there will be strippers. Because she was jealous with strippers.
Bella : Will there be strippers?
Edward : No, just a couple of mountain lions.
Edward‟s friend : Don‟t worry, Bella, we‟ll give him
12 i. Scared of being
The conversation is between Bella and Edward. Edward is afraid of losing Bella. He is disappointed because can not save Bella and their baby. He can‟t live without Bella. He loves him
very much.
Bella : Edward, I‟m sorry.
Edward : I can’t live without you.
Edward : You won‟t. You‟re gonna have a part of me.
Edward : He‟ll need you j. Convince the bride
The conversation happens in wedding. Edward and bella stand in front of the priest. They are standing to uttered a pledge of marriage.
Priest : Ladies and gentlemen, we are gathered here on this glorious day.
Priest : to witness the union of Edward Cullen and
Bella Swan.
Priest : Please repeat after me. I, Edward Cullen. Take you, Bella Swan.
Edward : Take you, Bella Swan. To have and to
hold.
Edward : To have and to hold. Bella : For better oor for worse. Edward : For richer, for poorer. Bella : In sickness and in health. Edward : To love.
Bella : To cherish.
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The result of the speaker‟s intention shown in table 2:
The Speaker‟s Intention
Speech Acts Intentions Data
Number Quanty
Love Utterances
Fear of loosing 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 25, and 26
9
Showing attention 1, 13, 19, 21, and 22
5
Showing affection 6, 7, 10, and 23
4
Complementing 4 and 24 2
Expectation 27 and 28 2
Happiness 2 1
Feel a pity 11 1
Jealous 3 1
Scared of being 9 1
Convince the bride 5 2
Total 28
3. The Speech acts
Speech act theory focuses on communicative acts, which are performed through speech”. The researcher finds 4 types of speech acts
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The Speech Acts
No
Types of Speech Act
The Act Data Number Frequency
1 Directives Requesting 1, 8, 17, 18, 19, and 23 6
2 Commissives Promising 13, 22, and 26 3
Requesting 28 1
3 Expressives Loving 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, and, 21 6
Anger 9 1
4 Declaratives Complimenting 4, 12, 24, and 25 4
Questioning 3 1
Promising 5 1
Loving 6 and 7 2
Information 2 and 16 2
Requesting 27 1
Total 28
D. Conclusion
The clear description of Love expressions in Breaking Dawn movie are as follows:
1. The Pragmalinguistic Forms
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exclamatory sentence. Beside, the researcher finds the form in word and sentence. She also clarifies the form of love. There are three forms of love utterance in Breaking Dawn Movie, there are affection form, friendship form, and romance form. Although the data are movie and the data analyzing is love utterance, it is understandable that mostly; the form of love utterances are affection, friendship, and romance forms. It means that the characteristics will not use „i love you‟ to deliver love utterance. The
characteristics can show and deliver love utterance by using other word.
2. The Speaker’s Intention
The speaker‟s intention of Breaking Dawn Movie the data are
analyzed using speech act theory. The speech act theory is as the instrument to analyse and discuss the speaker‟s intention of Breaking
Dawn Movie. The writer found the intention of speaker from speech acts analysis such as showing attention, happiness, jealous, complementing, convince the bride, giving affection, fear of losing, scare of being, and feel a pity.
3. The Speech Acts
Speech act theory focuses on communicative acts, which are performed through speech”. The researcher finds 4 types of speech acts in
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They are requesting, information, questioning, complimenting, promising, loving, and anger.
According to the research findings in chapter four, so the researcher concludes briefly of the research. Love expressions have many choices which used to produce the love. The speaker has many intentions to the love expression. The love expressions have many acts to produce the love.
E. Bibliography
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EkaPustaka Utama.
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Katamba, Francis. 1997. English Word. New York: Routledge.
Leech, Geofferey. 1993. Prinsip-prinsip Pragmatik. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia penerjemah Dr. M. D. D. Oka, M. A.
Levinson, Stephen. 1983. Pragmatics. London: Cambridge University Press. Fromkin, Victoria, and David Blair & Petter Collins. 1999. An Introduction to
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Yule, George. 2006. The Study of Language. London. Cambridge University Press.
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Peceei, Jean Still Well. 1999. Pragmatics. London and New York: Routledge. Nordquist, Richard. 2011. Grammar and Competition. http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/clauseterm.htm. Accessed July 5, 2013.at 8 p.m.
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http://thoughtcatalog.com/2011/this-is-love/. Accessed July 10, 2013.at 10 p.m.
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