A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS ON DEIXIS IN THE TWILIGHT SAGA:
BREAKING DAWN (BOOK ONE) BY STEPHENIE MEYER AND ITS
INDONESIAN TRANSLATION (PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE)
PUBLICATIONARTICLE
Submitted as a Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
Ria Tri Okta Prasanti A320100088
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN Sekretariat: Jl.A.YaniTromol Pos I, Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta 57102
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Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini pembimbing skripsi/tugas akhir:
Nama : Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd, M.Hum. (Pembimbing I) NIP/NIK : 849
Nama : Mauly Halwat H., Ph D (Pembimbing II) NIP/NIK : 727
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Nama : Ria Tri Okta Prasanti NIM : A320100088
Program Studi : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Judul Skripsi : A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS ON DEIXIS IN THE
TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN (BOOK ONE) BY STEPHENIE MEYER AND ITS INDONESIAN TRANSLATION (PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE)
Naskah artikel tersebut, layak dan dapat disetujui untuk dipublikasikan. Demikian persetujuan dibuat, semoga dapat dipergunakan seperlunya.
Surakarta, 04 Maret 2014
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd, M.Hum. Mauly Halwat H., Ph D.
A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS ON DEIXIS IN THE TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN (BOOK ONE) BY STEPHENIE MEYER AND ITS
INDONESIAN TRANSLATION (PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE)
by
Ria Tri Okta Prasanti
Department of English Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, A320100088 ocstaria@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This research focuses on analyzing the deixis word found The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn (Book One) and its Indonesian translation. The objectives are to describe the type and the function of deixis in the novel Twlight Saga: Breaking Dawn written by Stephenie Meyer and its Indonesian translation Awal yang Baru and to describe equivalence of deixis in the novel Twlight Saga: Breaking Dawn written by Stephenie Meyer and its Indonesian translation Awal yang Baru. This research applies descriptive qualitative method. The data are the deixis word found The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn (Book One) and its Indonesian translation. The data source are the novel entitled Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn (Book One) and its translation “Awal yang Baru”. The way to collect data is using docummentation method. The results of the research show that, firstly, there are five types of deixis words found in the novel Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn (Book One) namely, person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. From 77 data, there are 32 or 41,56% data belong to personal deixis, 12 or 15,58% data belong to time deixis, 12 or 15,58% data belong to place deixis, 14 or 18,18% data belong to discourse deixis, and 5 or 6,49% data belong to social deixis. It shows the most dominant of acccurance is personal deixis. Secondly, the equivalence of the data into equivalent translation and non-equivalent translation. From 77 analyzed data, there are 64 or 83,12% data belong to equivalent translation and 13 or 16,88% data belong to non-equivalent translation. So, the translation of deixis word found in Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn (book one) novel is B which is very good.
Keywords: translation ,deixis, equivalence.
Hatim and Munday (2004: 3) said that “translation is a phenomenon
that has a huge effect on everyday life.” The first of these two senses relates
to translation as a process, the second to the product. The first sense focuses
on the role of the translator in taking the original or source text (ST) and
turning it into a text in another language (the target text, TT). The second
sense centers on the concrete translation the product produced by the
translator.
Machali (2000: 60) noted that “translation as an operation performed on
languages: a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in
another”. Larson (1998:. 3) stated that “translation is basically a change of
form. In translation, the form of the source language is replaced by the form
of receptor (target) language”. It can be concluded that translation is a process
of transferring the meaning of the source language into the target language.
In conclusion, translation is a process of transferring thought , idea and
message from the source language to the target language. In the process of
transferring the translator ha to consider the message priority and then the
style and the structure.
This research deals with some previous researches. The first research
was conducted by Linda Eskawati (Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2010). Her research is entitled An Analysis on the Deictic Word in JK
Rowling’s Novel Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. The problems of
this research are (1) what is the type of deictic Word in JK Rowling’s Novel
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban? (2) what is the kinds of referent
in deixis?. The objectives of this research are to the type of deictic Word in
JK Rowling’s Novel Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and to
describe the kinds of referent in deixis. The result of the research shows that
1) there are five types of deixis, namely, personal deixis, place deixis, time
deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis. 2) There are five kinds of the
referents in deixis namely, the referent of personal deixis which refers to all
the participants, the referent of place deixis which refers to Uncle Vernon’s
time when the utterance occurred. While, the referent of discourse deixis
which refers to the referent that being made, and the referent of social deixis
which refers to the social relationship between the speaker and addresses.
Another research was conducted by Juliari (Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta, 2007), he analyzes Personal Deixis and Reference of Deixis
used in English Translation at Al-Quran. The problems of the research are (1)
what is the type of personal deixis in English Translation at Al-Quran?. (2)
what is the reference of deixis in English Translation at Al-Quran?. The
objectives of this research are to identify the type of personal deixis in
English Translation at Al-Quran, and to identify the reference of deixis in
English Translation at Al-Quran. She finds that the type of deixis are
singular first person, singular second person, it is also distinguished based on
its function in the sentence, as subjunctive pronoun.
This research is focusing on the type and function of deixis on Twilight
Saga: Breaking Dawn (book one) written by Stephenie Meyer.
The analysis of the data uses the theory of translation by Ginory and
Scimone (1995: 11) which state that translation is the process of transferring
a text from a language into another in written form. The origin language is
called source language (SL) while the language a text to be transferred is
called target language (TL). While, the theory of equivalence uses the theory
by Baker (1992: 5) which defined four kinds of equivalence, firstly,
equivalence that can appear at word level and above word level, when
translating from one language into another. Secondly, Grammatical
equivalence, when referring to the diversity of grammatical categories across
languages. Thirdly, Textual equivalence when referring to the equivalence
between a SL text and a TL text in terms of information and cohesion.
Fourthly, Pragmatic equivalence, when referring to imprimaturs and
strategies of avoidance during the translation process. Besides those theories,
theory of Levinson is used to analize the type of Deixis. Levinson (1983: 63)
identified five major types of deictic makers: person deixis, place deixis, time
The researcher conducts the objectives of the research, first, to describe
the type and the function of deixis in the novel Twlight Saga: Breaking Dawn
written by Stephenie Meyer and its Indonesian translation Awal yang Baru,
and second, to to describe equivalence of deixis in the novel Twlight Saga:
Breaking Dawn written by Stephenie Meyer and its Indonesian translation
Awal yang Baru.
B. RESEARCH METHOD
In conducting this research, the researcher implies descriptive
qualitative method. Jacob (in Seiger, HW & Shonamy E, 1989) states that
qualitative research is a methods attempted to present the data from the
perspective of the subjects or observed groups, so that the cultural and
intelectual biases of the researcher did not distort the collection,
interpretatoin, or presentation of the data.
The data of this research are interrogative sentences in the novel
function of deixis in the novel Twlight Saga: Breaking Dawn written by
Stephenie Meyer and its Indonesian translation. In collecting the data, the
researcher uses documentation method with the following steps: first reading
both the original and the translation of the novel Twlight Saga: Breaking
Dawn into Awal yang Baru. Second, finding deixis word and underlying
them. Third, coding the data,for example 001/BD/5/AYB/14. The last is
analyzing the data. In analyzing the data, there searcher uses comparative
method with the following procedure; first, analizing the types of deixis found
in Twlight Saga: Breaking Dawn novel. Second, describing the types of
deixis found in Twlight Saga: Breaking Dawn novel. Third, analizing the
equivalence of deixis found in Twlight Saga: Breaking Dawn novel with its
Indonesian translation. Fourth, describing the equivalence of deixis found in
Twlight Saga: Breaking Dawn novel with its translation. The last, drawing
conclusion based on the data analysis of the deixis found in Twlight Saga:
Breaking Dawn novel and its translation.
The researcher describes the types of deixis found in Twlight Saga:
Breaking Dawn novel and the equivalence of deixis found in Twlight Saga:
Breaking Dawn novel and its translation. The analysis is conducted by
comparing the data of the deixis word and their indonesian translation.
1. The Types of Interrogative Sentences Found in Born Under A million Shadows novel
From the data source, the researcher finds the classifications of the
type of deixis, namely; person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse
deixis and social deixis.
a. Person Deixis
Personal deixis here refer to the use of first person referring
to he speaker itself, second person refer to the addressee (s), and
third person refer to the other who is neither the speaker nor the
addressee.
From 77 data, the writer finds 32 or 41,56 % data belong to
this category.
No : 04/BD/06/AYD/14
SL : “Yes,” the man said politely while his shorter friend rolled his eyes at my answer. “I know. But I was wondering, is that …. Are you driving a Mercedes Guardian?” The man said the name with reverence
TL : Ya," kata pria itu dengan sopan, sementara temannya yang lebih pendek melihat saya dan berkata. "Aku tahu. Tapi aku bertanya-tanya, adalah bahwa .... Apakah Anda yang memiliki mobil ini?"Pria itu mengatakan nama dengan hormat.
Context : The datum tells Bella met with two men are not known.
Two men are interested in the car used by Bella. Both men
were asked about ownership Bella Mercedes. Actually both
these men knew that the luxury car belonging to Bella. To
secure the information of the car, the two men asked directly
The deictic word in the datum above are the word “my”, ”I”
and the word “you”. The words “I” and “my” are identified as the
first person deixis. The word “I” is translated into “aku”. It has
function as subjective personal pronoun. It refers to Bella as the first
speaker. And the word “my” is translated into “saya”, it has function
as possessive adjective pronoun, it refers to Bella too.
The word “I” is also translated into “aku”. It refers to the man
who meets Bella as the second person. The word “you” is identified
as second person deixis. It is translated into “anda”. It refers to Bella
as second person from the man who meets Bella. It has function as
subjective personal pronoun.
b. Place Deixis
Place deixis gives form to the location of the event by
participants in language, for example name of a place and
somewhere. From 77 data, the writer finds 12 or 15,58% data belong
to this category.
No: 03/BD/06/AYD/14
SL : “Somewhere in northern Canada. I can’t tell you which province. He doesn’t pay much attention to state lines.”
TL : "Di suatu tempat di utara Kanada. Saya tidak bisa memberitahu Anda yang provinsi. Dia tidak terlalu memperhatikan batas negara. "
Context : The datum above tells two friends who were talking about
Edward existence. One friend stated that now Edward is in
Northern Canada.
The deictic word in the datum above is the word
“somewhere”, it is translated into “suatu tempat” which refers to the
place in northern Canadian. It is distal deixis, which has function as
relative adverb of place.
Time deixis gives form on timescales as intended in the event
of language speakers. In many languages, deixis (reference) time is
expressed in the form of "when". Time deixis refers to the time of
disclosure perceived distance of time or when an expression made by
the speaker as it is now, at the time, yesterday, tomorrow and so
forth. All of these expressions depend on an understanding of the
speaker’s knowledge about relevant time. Time deixis consists of
seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, or years. This study shows
the time deixis.
From 77 data, the writer finds 12 or 15,58% data belong to
this category.
No : 20/BD/15/AYD/28
SL : "Wait a minute, mom." I held my breath. "Do you mean mom, only now say it like that?
TL : “Tunggu sebentar, mom.” Aku menahan nafas. “Apakah maksud mom, baru sekarang mengatakanya?
Context : Bella said to her mother (Renee) to wait a minute, Bella
asked that her mother means, only now (the time when
Bella said to her mother).
The word “now” is an adverb of time. It refers to the time
when talking about learning the truth. It is translated into “sekarang”
which is followed by a period in which the author reveals the
message. It has function as the relative adverb of time.
d. Discourse Deixis
Discourse deixis concerns the use of expressions within some
utterances referring to some portions of the discourse contents in that
utterance (including the use of the utterance itself).
Instances of discourse deixis are the use of demonstrative
”this” and “that”. Demonstrative “this” and “that” place deixis forms
From 77 data, the writer finds 12 or 15,58% data belong to
this category.
No : 31/DB/25/AYD/42
SL : "That's not true! I do not want you to sacrifice for me. I want to give you more things, not just take it from you. I will not steal your future. If I'm human .... "
TL : “dia tidak benar! Aku tak mau kau berkorban untukku.
The deictic word in the utterances above is the word “that”, it
is translated into “dia”. It refers to the “Jacob” which has function as
objective pronoun.
e. Social Deixis
Hatch (1992: 220) states that deixis is code to know social
relationship between speaker and addressee or audience. The
categories are honorifies, title of address, vocative and pronoun. She
also states that there are two lends of social deixis, they are absolute
deixis and relational deixis.
From 77 data, the writer finds 5 or 6,49% data belong to this
category.
No : 21/BD/15/AYD/28
SL : I mean no disrespect, but since Bella has already said yes and I don’t want to diminish her choice in the matter, instead of asking you for her hand, I’m asking you for your blessing. We’re getting married, Charlie. I love her more than anything in the world, more than my own life, and – by some miracle – she loves me that way, too.
jadi alih-alih meminta ijin kepadamu untuk melamarnya, aku memintamu merestui kami. Kami akan menikah, Charlie. Aku mencintai Bella lebih daripada apapun di dunia ini, lebih daripada hidupku sendiri, dan – ajaibnya – dia juga mencintaiku.
Context :Edward said that he mean no disrespect, but Bella has
already said yes and he (Edward) did not want to diminish
her (Bella) choice. In the matter, instead of asking you
(Charlie) for her (Bella) hand, and he was asking you
(Charlie) for your (Charlie) blessing. They (Edward and
Bella) was getting married. He love Bella so much.
The deictic word in the datum above is the word “her”. The
first word “her” is translated into “nya”, it refers to “Bella”. The
second word “her” is translated into “Bella”. Both of the words
“her” belong to absolute social deixis because the speaker has
respect to the object.
2. The Equivalence of the Interrogative Sentence Found in Born Under A Million Shadows Novel and its Translation
The equivalence of translation requires the appropriate meaning
or message which is transferred from the source language into the target
language. In this section, the writer analizes the equivalent and
non-equivalent translation between deixis in the novel Twlight Saga:
Breaking Dawn and its Indonesian translation Awal yang Baru.
a. Equivalent translation
Equivalent translation is showed by the source language and the
target language which have the same meaning or message. From 77
data, the writer finds 62 data or 83,12% data belong to equivalent
translation.
No: 52/DB/40/AYD/59
TL : “Jangan sampai dia masuk ke sini!”
Context : Jacob said to Bella not to let him (volturi) here (in the
forest).
The datum above belongs to equivalent translation. It is
because the information from the source language into the target
language is transferred correctly. The word “him” is translated into
“dia”, it refers to volturi as the third speaker, and the word “here” is
translated into “kesini”. The form and the meaning are accurate. So,
the translation above is included into equivalent translation.
b. Non-equivalent Translation
Non-equivalent Translation is indicated when the message or
meaning of the source language which is transferred into the target
language is inappropriate. From 77 data, the writer finds 13 data or
16,88% data belong to non-equivalent translation.
No : 01/BD/5/AYD/14
SL : “I’m sorry to bother you, but could you tell me what kind of car you’re driving?” the tall one asked
TL : "Maaf mengganggu Anda, tapi bisa Anda ceritakan jenis mobil apa yang Anda kemudikan?" Yang tinggi bertanya
Context : The datum above is uttered by the men who met Bella,
they asked because they only wanted to know about the
Bella’s car.
The datum above belongs to non-equivalent translation
because of an omission in this translation. The personal pronoun “I”
is not translated into the target language. It does not have an
equivalent meaning of SL. The translation should be “maaf saya
mengganggu anda”. The datum above belongs to non-equivalent
translation.
Based on the analized data, the researcher finds 77 data of the deixis
word. Related to the theory by Levinson (1983), The researcher categorizes
three types of deixis found in Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn (book one)
novel namely, person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis and
social deixis. From 77 data, there are 32 or 41,56% data belong to personal
deixis, 12 or 15,58% data belong to time deixis, 12 or 15,58% data belong to
place deixis, 14 or 18,18% data belong to discourse deixis, and 5 or 6,49%
data belong to social deixis. It shows the most dominant of acccurance is
personal deixis.
The writer categorizes the equivalence of the data into equivalent
translation and non-equivalent translation. From 77 analyzed data, there are
64 or 83,12% data belong to equivalent translation and 13 or 16,88% data
belong to non-equivalent translation. The writer uses the grading scale by
machali (2000:119) score A is excellent (86-90), B is very good (76-85), C is
good (61-75), D is sufficient (46-60), and E is bad (20-46). It means that the
translation of deixis word found in Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn (book one)
novel is B which is good.
E. CONCLUSION
There are five types of deixis word found in the Twilight Saga:
Breaking Dawn (book one) novel namely, person deixis, place deixis, time
deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. From 77 data, there are 32 or
41,56% data belong to personal deixis, 12 or 15,58% data belong to time
deixis, 12 or 15,58% data belong to place deixis, 14 or 18,18% data belong
to discourse deixis, and 5 or 6,49% data belong to social deixis. It shows the
most dominant of acccurance is personal deixis. It also shows the characters
in the novel want to get a lot of information.
The equivalence of the data is categorized into equivalent translation
and non-equivalent translation. From 77 analyzed data, there are 64 or
83,12% data belong to equivalent translation and 13 or 16,88% data belong to
Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn (book one) novel is very good translation
based on grading scale by Machali.
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Machali, Rochayah. 2000. Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Grasindo
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