ISGH 3 | Vol 1. No. 1 | Oktober 2019 | ISSN : 2715-1948
HYPNOMOTIVATION EFFECT TO DECREASE DEPENDENCE ATTITUDE ON DRUG ADDICTS IN REHABILITATION CENTERS OF SOCIAL PAMARDI PUTRA LEMBANG
WEST BANDUNG
Achmad Setya Roswendi achmadsetya1970@gmail.com
Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Drug abuse in West Java province has decreased from 2012 to 2013 . Based on data from the BNN (Provincial Narcotics Agency), in 2012 There are 192 suspects and declined to 113 suspects in 2013. Based on data obtained from the Rehabilitation Centers of Social Pamardi Putra Lembang, West Bandung , there are 55 people following a Drug rehabilitation in 2016. Victims of drug abusers required undergoing rehabilitation.
One of the social rehabilitation used is hypnomotivasi, is therapy that focuses on handling the psychology of someone who related to emotional and behavior and be Able to Increase motivation in a person. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of hypnosis to decrease attitudes and rug dependence on former drug abusers.
The research design using Quasi Experiment with approaches One Group Pretest Posttest . Were performed to 15 respondents in the Lembang by Rehabilitation Centers of Social Pamardi Putra (BRSPP) using a questionnaire attitude. The samples were taken using purposive sampling.
Results of the research data were analyzed using t test dependent. The results showed that the average attitude of former drug abusers before given hypnomotivation is 56.67, where the average after being given hypnomotivation is 74.00. Statistic test result p value = 0.000 (0.0001), and then can be concluded that there is significant difference in the average attitude of dependency former drug abusers before and after hypnomotivation.
Suggested for rehabilitation centers to make this hypnotherapy as one of the activities that remain and scheduled therapy for dealing with drug addicts.
Key word: Drug, Hypomotivation, Attitude
INTRODUCTION
According to UNODC (United Nations Office on Drug and Crime) estimates, around 200 million people around the world illegally use narcotics and psychotropic drugs. According to 2000 United Nations Drugs Control Program (UNDCP), about 200 million people have used these dangerous goods worldwide, 2.7 percent of the world's population and 3.9 percent of all people aged 15 years and over have cannabis uses at least between 2000 and 2001 (MOH, 2008).
In Indonesia there are 3.8 million drug users.
What is even more about is that most of the users are of productive age, and most of them are teenagers and early adults (20-30 years). 70 percent of the total NAPZA users in Indonesia are school- age children, over 4 percent of high school students and the rest are students. This if not immediately addressed is a threat to the prosperity of future generations, where children as the younger generation are the originators of the ideals of the
nation's struggle and human resources for national development that need to be protected (BNN, 2012).
The facts show that around 3.81 million people in Indonesia are drug users and there are around 19 percent of the number of adolescents in Indonesia or around 14 thousand adolescents, indicated to be drug users. This phenomenon will be a bad sign for the nation if the problem is not resolved (BNN, 2011).
Based on BNNP West Java data (2013) the recapitulation of cases from January to August 2013 decreased from 2012 to 2013. Total 146 T-shirts in 2012 decreased in 2013 to 120 cases, resulting in a decrease of 26 cases (17.81 percent) . In relation to the number of suspects having decreased significantly, in 2012 there were 192 suspects that decreased in 2013 to 113 suspects or decreased 41.15 percent. (Sugianto, obtained on 9 December 2013: 264, ¶1).
In general, those who abuse drugs can be
divided into three groups, namely, primary dependence, reactive and symptomatic dependence.
Primary dependence is characterized by anxiety and depression, which are generally found in people with unstable personalities. Reactive dependence is mainly found in adolescents because of curiosity, persuasion and seduction of friends, traps and pressures as well as peer group influence. While symptomatic dependence namely drug abuse / dependence as a symptom of the underlying personality type, generally occurs in people with antisocial personality (psychopath) and the use of drugs for pleasure only. In order to protect the public from illicit trafficking and the ill effects of drugs, it has been affirmed in article 54 of Law No.
35/2009 on narcotics that narcotics addicts and victims of narcotics abuse must undergo medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. Medical rehabilitation can be interpreted as an action / medical therapy, medical therapy in question is detoxification where addicts get treatment to remove toxins in the body of the addicts as a result of drugs that have been used. While social rehabilitation can be interpreted as a non-medical action that is a process of recovery that is integrated physically, psychologically, socially and spiritually / religiously (faith) so that former narcotics addicts can return to carrying out social functions in people's lives. In social or non-medical rehabilitation there are non- medical therapies that are now developing and focusing on handling one's psychology, especially in increasing motivation in themselves including hypnotherapy.
According to Gunawan (2009), hypnotherapy is a therapy that uses hypnosis to reach out to the subconscious mind of clients. This therapy technique that is changed is the mind, so a therapist must know the theory of mind and how it works.
This hypnosis is usually used for therapy for patients who are experiencing problems in themselves, such as, are suffering from illness, lack of confidence, trauma, and so forth. Hypnotherapy is used to help therapy in the health field such as trauma, psychological and so on. At present the field of healing of traumatic health is very much using hypnosis experts. In the hypnosis therapy or used to say hypnotherapy can make you more confident, more focus, free of bad habits, develop the potential of positive thinking and more motivated (Praworo, 2012).
According to Wlodkowski (Notoatmodjo, 2009), states that motivation is a condition that causes or gives rise to certain behaviors, and which
gives direction and resilience to the behavior.
Meanwhile, according to Imron ( in Eveline &
Hartini, 2010), states that motivation comes from English motivation , which means encouragement of reasoning and motivation.
From the explanation above about hypnotation and motivation, the researcher draws the conclusion that hypnomotivation is a subconscious condition where a person can relax, focus and concentrate, get rid of negative thoughts, and form a positive mindset , so that it easily accepts information, suggestions and motivation which can encourage the want of people to carry out certain activities or behaviors.
Pamardi Putra Social Rehabilitation Center (BRSPP) Lembang West Bandung is one of the Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) West Java Provincial Government implementing social rehabilitation program for victims of drug abuse by using social guidance, counseling mental guidance and physical guidance Skills.
Based on the results of a preliminary study interview conducted by researchers at the Pamardi Putra Social Rehabilitation Center (BRSPP) Lembang West Bandung on 2 March 2016. Obtained client data in 2016 as many as 30 people entered rehabilitation including 27 male men and 3 manses female genital. The average age of the client is 1 person (age 13 years), 1 person (age 15 years), 23 people (age 16-20 years), and 5 people (age 20 years and over). Abuse committed by clients is more likely to drink alcohol mixed with other substances such as komix and drugs such as dextro, tramadol, benzodiazepines, alfazolam and tripenidil.
The rehabilitation process itself lasts for 10 months starting from 1 February to 10 December.
February is the stage orientation for clients BRSPP, while in March through December is the learning stage such activities, health and physical guidance, social guidance, mental counseling and vocational guidance (skills). Vocational guidance activities (skills) include automotive motorcycles, cars, sewing, screen printing, cosmetology / barbershop.
The rehabilitation method applied is to multiply client activities and activities every day, such as religious activities (prayer, recitation, religious guidance), gymnastics, morning meetings (giving and providing motivation) with community therapy methods and skills activities. Whereas therapy that is often carried out at the Pamardi Putra Social Rehabilitation Center (BRSPP) to clients includes
group therapy, individual therapy (counseling) and community therapy . For hypnotherapists in the treatment of drug patients have not been carried out.
After participating in learning activities and undergoing the therapies mentioned above for 10 months, it is expected that there is no desire in the client to re-consume drugs.
From the description of the preliminary study above, the researcher is interested in bringing up the title of the study: "the effect of hypnomotivation on decreasing the attitude of drug addicts on drug addicts at the Pamardi Putra Social Rehabilitation Center (BRSPP), Lembang- West Bandung".
Based on the above formulation of the problem of this research is "is there any influence hypnomotivation to decrease drug dependence stance on drug addicts?" . This study aims to decide the effect of hypnomotivation on decreasing the attitude of drug dependence on drug addicts.
RESEARCH METHODS
The research design used was quasi experimental with one group pretest-posttest approach from the intervention group . Independent variables (independent variables), is hipnomotivasi, where variabel dependen is a decrease in dependence attitude.
The population in this study were former NAPZA addicts who were in the Pamardi Putra Lembang Social Rehabilitation Center in Bandung-West with a total of 55 people.
The sampling method in this study is by purposive sampling technique , the formula used uses the sample size formula according to Sugiyono (2010), which is for simple experimental research using a total sample of 10 to 20 samples. In the implementation of the number of
samples that can meet special criteria amounted to 15 respondents. Inclusion criteria used were prospective respondents who were tested positive, were able to communicate and interact well , were able to focus and follow orders , have a strong desire to recover and always follow rehabilitation activities . Included in the exclusion criteria in this study were respondents in the condition of sakau , currently experiencing mental disorders.
The validity test was carried out in a place that had the same characteristics as the research site, namely in the Pamardi Putra Lembang Bandung- West Social Rehabilitation Center to 15 different
respondents who would be used for the study sample. The reason the researchers conducted a validity test at the same place was that many former drug addicts or abusers came to the Pamardi Putra Social Rehabilitation Center and had the same characteristics. Univariate analysis is data presented in the form of central tendency, which is mean , because it has a normal data distribution.
Bivariate analysis uses dependent t-tests because the data distribution is normal.
In conducting research, researchers pay attention to research ethics, are: Benefits of Research Ethics, the usefulness of this research. The benefit of this research is to change the negative mindset into a positive mindset, in drug dependence. Confidentiality, in this study, researchers maintain confidentiality, that is, researchers only register initials as confidentiality of the respondent's drug dependency identity. Fairness, namely researchers provide justice by providing hypnotherapy to all respondents who have positive suggestibility tests. This research was conducted at the Pamardi Putra Social Rehabilitation Center (BRSPP) in Lembang, West Bandung. From February 25 to June 1, 2016.
The results showed that the average score of the attitudes of former drug users before being given a hypnotization intervention was 56.67 with a standard deviation of 10.486. The lowest attitude score was 43 and the highest was 76. With a confidence level of 95% and having a confidence interval, the attitude of former drug users before being given a hypnotized intervention was between 50.86 to 62.47.
Whereas after hypnomotivation intervention was given, the average was 74.00, with a standard deviation of 5,880. The lowest attitude score was 61 and the highest was 80. With a confidence level of 95% and having a confidence interval, the attitude of former drug abuse after being given a hypnotized intervention was between 70.74 to 77.26.
From the results of the paired t test it was reported that there were differences in the mean values between before and after hypnomotivation, with an average difference of -17,333 with a standard deviation of 7,451. From the statistical test results obtained p value = 0,000 (0,0001), it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the attitudes of the average former drug users before and after hypnotization is given.
DISCUSSION
Narcotics (narcotics, psychotropic substances and other addictive substances) are substances, substances or drugs which when entered into the human body will affect the body especially the brain or central nervous system, causing physical, psychological and social function disorders due to habit, addiction (addiction) addiction) and dependence on drugs. Drug addiction is a condition where physical and psychological dependence has occurred, so that the body needs an increasing number of drugs, if its use is reduced or terminated withdrawal symptoms will occur (withdraw symptom). Therefore, he always tries to get the drug he needs in any way, so that he can carry out his normal daily activities. It is at this stage that a person is said to experience BNN dependency (2004, in Fathudin, 2014: 80). According to (Hawari, 2012), the process of drug abuse and dependence is the result of interactions between predisposing factors, contributing
factors and triggers. The predisposing factor in question is, a person with a personality disorder (antisocial) experiences a personality disorder which is characterized by feeling dissatisfied with the impact of his behavior on others. In addition, the person concerned is unable to act properly and effectively in social relations. While the contributing factor in question is a family condition that is not good, such as a family that is not intact, busy parents, and bad interpersonal relationships will make a person feel depressed which then causes him to be involved in drug abuse. This is supported by research conducted by Hawari (1990, in Hawari, 2012) which states that someone who is in a bad family environment has a relative risk of 7.9 to get involved in drug abuse. The trigger factor in question is related to research conducted by Hawari (1990, in Hawari, 2012) which states that the influence of peers has an 81.3% share for someone involved in drug abuse.
The results of Rilley and Schutte's research in (Handoko, 2009) show that an important predictor in the problem of drug abuse is low emotional intelligence. Research by Caruso, Mayer, and Salovey in (Handoko, 2009) also shows that low emotional intelligence is definitely related to drug abuse and can increase deviant behavior. Research proven by Alcoholics Anonymous and drug recovery programs based on more than 200 heroin addict patients can be cured by teaching basic emotional intelligence that tends to drop the want to The results showed that the average score of
the attitude of former drug abuse after being given a hypnomotivation intervention was 74.00 with a standard deviation of 5.880. The lowest attitude score is 61 and the highest is 80. After being given a hypnomotivation intervention there is a change in the mean value of the attitude of the dependency of former drug users in a positive or higher direction.
This is because someone who is in a state of hypnosis or asleep, the unconscious soul will appear. In this condition, the subconscious recording, such as perceived health problems, will be detected. Subconscious or wrong recording will be updated by giving positive suggestions. This suggestion is given continuously until the situation where the subconscious recording that is wrong disappears and is replaced by positive suggestion.
In the hypnosis literature, hypnosis is actually a condition or condition when humans tend to be more "suggestive". When in such conditions, it means that someone easily accepts information or suggestions from others. If the suggestion is positive then it will be useful and become new values that can change old patterns that exist in a person.
Hypnosis is part of concentration, a condition when a person can absorb information more quickly. The more a person enters the hypnotic state, the level of suggestively such as absorption, memory and thought will be better. In research says that hypnotherapy is very effective in stimulating the brain to release neurotransmitters, chemicals in the brain such as encephalic, endorphins which function to improve mood so that it can change the acceptance of pain or other physical symptoms in a person.
At the time of hypnotherapy the patient leads to relaxation. This relaxation response occurs through a significant reduction in oxygen demand by the body, then relaxed muscles causing a feeling of calm and comfort. Blood flow will be smooth, the tranquilizing neurotransmitter will be released and the nervous system will work well, and after the relaxation condition is reached, naturally the subconscious mind waves will open and will affect brain waves from beta to alpha to theta conditions.
So that it will be easier to accept the healing advice given (Wahida, 2008).
Gunawan's research results in 2010 said that hypnotherapy is a therapy that uses hypnosis as a means to reach the client's subconscious mind. This is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be done to reduce pain, in addition to being able to overcome various
problems related to emotions and behavior, to overcome anxiety, tension, depression, phobias, and help eliminate bad habits (Nadia, 2010).
Muhammad (2011) states that there are many benefits of hypnosis. There is nothing that is not helped by hypnotherapy, because hypnotherapy is the science that explores the power of the mind.
Therefore, all problems related to thoughts and feelings can be helped with hypnotherapy. The key to change is in the subconscious mind. We can be whatever we want, as long as we can change the program in our subconscious mind. As one source said, hypnotherapy has been shown to have various uses for overcoming various problems in emotions and behavior. In fact, some serious medical cases such as heart attacks and cancer, hypnotherapy can accelerate recovery of the sufferer's condition.
Hypnosis is very useful in dealing with various cases of anxiety, tension, depression, phobias, and can help reduce bad habits such as, dependence on cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs. By giving advice, a therapist can develop various positive emotional conditions from one's condition.
Seen from the results of measurements of 15 former drug users who have been motivated, a decrease in attitude from dependency to non- dependency is seen from their behavior and attitude, which initially behaves negatively into positive behavior. The results of interviews conducted by researchers with 15 respondents as well as staff and social workers who always go with them every day said, in addition to positive routine activities carried out every day by respondents, with hypnotivation therapy given as much as 4 in 2 weeks, many changes occurred in each respondent, especially in client behavior and client's daily activities. Those who initially had the lazy nature to take part in routine rehabilitation activities became more diligent and enthusiastic and wanted to re-consume lost drugs and the motivation to recover and want to go back to school, college and work became higher than before this hypnomotivation administration.
The complete definition of Petty & Cacioppo says that attitude is a general evaluation carried out by humans on themselves, others, objects or problems (in Azwar, 2007). The sheriff states that attitude determines the singleness and warmth of a person's behavior in relation to human stimuli or certain events. Dayakisni & Hudaniah, 2003 (in Fathudin, 2014).
So it can be concluded that changes in attitude or behavior can change due to external handling or stimulus. In this study, a stimulus is hypnotized and
is supported by a strong desire (stimulus) from within the client to change for the better. Where in this hypnomotivation activity, the therapist changes or updates the client's subconscious perception by giving positive suggestions.In research says that hypnotherapy is very effective in stimulating the brain to release neurotransmitters, chemicals in the brain such as encephal, endorphins which function to improve mood so that it can change the acceptance of pain or other physical symptoms in a person.
At the time of hypnotherapy the patient leads to relaxation. This relaxation response occurs through a significant reduction in oxygen demand by the body, then relaxed muscles causing a feeling of calm and comfort. Blood flow will be smooth, the tranquilizing neurotrasmiter will be released and the nervous system will work well, and after the relaxation condition is reached, naturally the subconscious mind waves will open and will affect brain waves from beta to alpha to theta conditions.
So that it will be easier to accept the healing advice given (Wahida, 2008).
Gunawan's research results in 2010 said that hypnotherapy is a therapy that uses hypnosis as a means to reach the client's subconscious mind. This is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be done to reduce pain, in addition to being able to overcome various problems related to emotions and behavior, to overcome anxiety, tension, depression, phobias, and help eliminate bad habits (Nadia, 2010).
Muhammad (2011) states that there are many benefits of hypnosis. There is nothing that is not helped by hypnotherapy, because hypnotherapy is the science that explores the power of the mind.
Therefore, all problems related to thoughts and feelings can be helped with hypnotherapy. The key to change is in the subconscious mind. We can be whatever we want, as long as we can change the program in our subconscious mind. As one source said, hypnotherapy has been shown to have various uses for overcoming various problems in emotions and behavior. In fact, some serious medical cases such as heart attacks and cancer, hypnotherapy can accelerate recovery of the sufferer's condition.
Hypnosis is very useful in dealing with various cases of anxiety, tension, depression, phobias, and can help reduce bad habits such as, dependence on cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs. By giving advice, a therapist can develop various positive emotional conditions from one's condition.
Seen from the results of measurements of 15 former drug users who have been motivated, a decrease in attitude from dependency to non- dependency is seen from their behavior and attitude, which initially behaves negatively into positive behavior. The results of interviews conducted by researchers with 15 respondents as well as staff and social workers who always go with them every day said, in addition to positive routine activities carried out every day by respondents, with hypnotivation therapy given as much as 4 in 2 weeks, many changes occurred in each respondent, especially in client behavior and client's daily activities. Those who initially had the lazy nature to take part in routine rehabilitation activities became more diligent and enthusiastic and wanted to re-consume lost drugs and the motivation to recover and want to go back to school, college and work became higher than before this hypnomotivation administration.
The complete definition of Petty & Cacioppo says that attitude is a general evaluation carried out by humans on themselves, others, objects or problems (in Azwar, 2007). The sheriff states that attitude determines the singleness and warmth of a person's behavior in relation to human stimuli or certain events. Dayakisni & Hudaniah, 2003 (in Fathudin, 2014).
So it can be concluded that changes in attitude or behavior can change due to external handling or stimulus. In this study, a stimulus is hypnotized and is supported by a strong desire (stimulus) from within the client to change for the better. Where in this hypnomotivation activity, the therapist changes or updates the client's subconscious perception by giving positive suggestions.
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