1
HSBC Trade Confidence Index
Indonesia
September 2010
2
HSBC Trade Confidence Index – September 2010
Survey ini merupakan survey global keempat yang dilakukan oleh HSBC
Trade and Supply Chain terhadap usaha kecil dan menegah yang melalukan
perdagangan internasional
Dilakukan oleh perusahaan independen TNS (Taylor Nelson Sofres) terhadap
5.124 eksportir dan importir di Australia, India, Hong Kong, China, Singapura,
Uni Emirat Arab, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Inggris, Amerika Serikat,
Brasil, Kanada, Perancis, Jerman, Meksiko, dan Arab Saudi
Survey dilakukan dari tanggal 19 Juli sampai 1 September 2010
Mengukur sentimen dan pandangan/ekspektasi terhadap aktivitas
3
Small and medium business definitions for survey
Area
Geographical coverage
Sample size
Annual turnover
Australia
New South Wales, Victoria,
Queensland, Western Australia,
South Australia, Australian Capital Territory
300
A$30m-200m
India
Mumbai, Chennai, New Delhi, Kolkata
Bangalore, Hyderabad
315
RS300m-2bn
Mainland China
Nationwide
301
RMB500m-2bn
Singapore
Singapore
300
S$15m-600m
UAE
Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah
304
US$10m-75m
Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi
300
<US$10m
Indonesia
Jakarta, Surabaya
300
US$250,000-100m
Brazil
Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro
300
BRL5m-100m
Canada
Nationwide
300
US $20m – 250m
Germany
Nationwide
300
US $20m – 250m
France
Nationwide
300
US $20m – 250m
Mexico
Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey
300
US $5m – 60m
300
304
300
300
300
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
HK$25m-2bn
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya,
Penang-Georgetown, Johore Bahru, Kuching, Kota
Kinabalu
< RM150m
UK
Nationwide
GBP £15m - 250m
USA
Nationwide
USD$20m to $250m
5
HSBC Trade Confidence Index
Key index questions
¾
Hal-hal berikut ini merupakan parameter dalam perhitungan indeks HSBC Trade
Confidence Monitor (prediksi enam bulan) :
– Prediksi volume ekspor/impor
– Prediksi risiko gagal bayar dari pembeli
– Prediksi risiko supplier tidak memenuhi perjanjian perdagangan
– Prediksi terhadap kebutuhan pembiayaan perdagangan
– Prediksi terhadap akses kepada pembiayaan perdagangan internasional
– Prediksi terhadap dampak nilai tukar
– Prediksi terhadap dampak dari regulasi pemerintah
¾
Perhitungan indeks :
– (% respon positif - % respon negatif) + 100
– Rata – rata hasil dari 7 pertanyaan
– Rentang nilai dari 0 (tingkat keyakinan terendah) hingga 200 (tingkat keyakinan
tertinggi). Nilai tengahnya adalah 100
– Semua indeks tidak tertimbang
¾
Harap diperhatikan dalam membandingkan hasil dengan gelombang sebelumnya :
– Sejak periode 1H10 dan seterusnya kerangka acuan waktunya diubah menjadi 6
bulan sedangkan gelombang sebelumnya yang menggunakan acuan waktu 3
bulan.
6
HSBC Trade Confidence Index – Ulasan Global
¾
Secara umum, semua negara yang disurvei berpandangan positif terhadap prospek perdagangan
internasional
¾
India, UAE, Indonesia dan Mexico adalah negara-negara yang mempunyai tingkat kepercayaan
tertinggi
¾
Emerging market cenderung memiliki tingkat kepercayaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan
negara maju
¾
Tingkat kepercayaan pengusaha di China dan Vietnam merosot jika dibandingkan dengan
semester 1, 2010
Negativ
e
Note:
(1) The Overall Global Index is the unweighted average of the 17 markets listed above
Neutral
Positiv
e
114
122
124
124
125
140
116
113
110
118
122
111
106
106
107
108
109
110
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
HK France Germany USA UK Australia Canada China SingaporeMalaysia Saudi Arabia
Vietnam Brazil Indonesia Mexico UAE India Overall Global Index
2H10
8
HSBC Trade Confidence Index – Overview
Trade Confidence Index di Indonesia ada pada level positif,
Trade Confidence Index di Indonesia ada pada level positif,
sedikit
sedikit
turun
turun
dari semester
dari semester
1/2010,
1/2010,
namun
namun
masih
masih
diatas hasil survey pada semester 2/2009.
diatas hasil survey pada semester 2/2009.
120
128
124
60
80
100
120
140
2H09
1H10
2H10
Neutral
Negative
Positive
9
Prediksi terhadap volume perdagangan
Note: Figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding and the exclusion of “Don’t know/Refused” responses.
Source: Q1. How do you expect the volume of your import, export business to change in the next 6 months? Do you expect the volume of your import, export business to increase significantly, increase slightly, maintain the same level, decrease slightly or decrease significantly?
Decrease
significantly
Decrease
slightly
Maintain same
level
Increase
slightly
Increase
significantly
Base: Indonesia n=3002H09
1H1
0
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
%
15
36
32
15
2
6
39
34
17
4
42
35
13
5
5
% dari responden di Indonesia mempunyai pandangan bahwa volume perdagangan akan stabil atau meningk
51% dari responden berpandangan bahwa volume perdagangan akan meningkat.
10
Prediksi risiko gagal bayar dari pembeli
Note: Figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding and the exclusion of “Don’t know/Refused” responses.
Source: Q2A. How do you expect the risk of your buyers defaulting on payment to change in the next 6 months?
Decrease
significantly
Decrease
slightly
Maintain same
level
Increase
slightly
Increase
significantly
Base: Indonesia n=139, excluding pure importers (only import raw materials or semi-finished/ finished goods; does not involve in any exports activities, not a commodity trading company, and not an import or export broker/ wholesaler).
2H09
1H1
0
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
%
2
14
53
30
1
2
8
61
26
6
64
19
2
2
-Lebih dari 50% responden di Indonesia berpandangan bahwa risiko gagal bayar dari pembeli akan
stabil. Hanya 16% dari responden yang berpandangan bahwa “buyer default/non payment” akan
11
Strategi untuk mengatasi risiko gagal bayar
Notes:
^ Includes documentary credit. Bills for collection, export finance/receivables finance (/) Denotes result is not available as there was no mention in the previous wave.
, only those who answered ‘increase significantly’ or ‘increase slightly’ in Q2A
Source: Q2B. What strategies, if any do you intend to put in place over the coming 6 months to overcome non-payment risk from buyers? Multiple mentions.
%
Base: Indonesia n=22*2H10
(Chang
e from
1H10)
5 (-3)
5 (/ )
9 (-22)
9 (+1)
14 (/ )
14 (+6)
23 (+8)
27 (+4)
Pembayaran dimuka
Persyaratan pembayaran yang lebih fleksibel
Perketat syarat pembayaran / durasi
^Meningkatkan penggunaan pembiayaan perdagangan
via bank
Asuransi kredit ekspor (melalui lembaga keuangan
Anda)
Kurangi bisnis dengan pembeli jenis ini
Asuransi kredit ekspor (didukung dengan skema
pemerintah)
Terima sedikit pesanan untuk mengurangi risiko per
transaksi
*Caution with low base n<30
Lebih dari 50% responden di Indonesia mempunyai strategi untuk meminta pembayaran dimuka
atau memberi persyaratan pembayaran yang lebih fleksibel untuk mengatasi risiko gagal bayar
12
Prediksi risiko supplier tidak memenuhi perjanjian
perdagangan
%
Decrease
significantly
Decrease slightly
Maintain same
level
Increase slightly
Increase
significantly
2H0
9
1H1
0
2H10
2H09
2H0
9
2H09
2H09
1H10
2H10
1H1
0
2H10
1H10
2H10
1H10
2H10
2
8
60
27
2
4
1
71
23
1
12
72
10
1
1
Sepertiga dari responden di Indonesia mempunyai pandangan positif bahwa pelanggaran
perjanjian perdagangan oleh supplier akan berkurang
Note: Figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding and the exclusion of “Don’t know/Refused” responses.
Source: Q3A. How do you expect the risk of suppliers not honouring agreed trade arrangements to change in the next 6 months? Base: Indonesia n=300
13
Alasan-alasan meningkatnya risiko supplier tidak
memenuhi syarat perjanjian perdagangan
%
2H10
(Chang
e from
1H10)
3 (-11)
10 (+3)
20 (-1)
23 (+9)
23 (-6)
27 (+13)
Kondisi keuangan supplier memburuk
Resesi global, bisnis menjadi tidak stabil
Berkurangnya ketersediaan bahan baku
Tidak bersedia menerima pembayaran
yang fleksibel, seperti kredit dan syarat
pembayaran
Menurunnya kinerja pengiriman dari
supplier
Kapasitas logistik dan transportasi yang
tidak memadai
Source: Q3B. Why do you expect the risks of suppliers not honouring agreed trade arrangements to increase significantly/ increase slightly? Multiple mentions. , only those who answered ‘increase significantly’ or ‘increase slightly’ in Q3A.
14
Alasan-alasan menurunnya risiko supplier tidak
memenuhi syarat perjanjian perdagangan
%
2H10
(Chang
e from
1H10)
30 (-3)
24 (+10)
21 (-19)
13 (+1)
10 (+6)
1 (/)
Meningkatnya ketersediaan bahan baku
bersedia menerima pembayaran yang fleksibel
seperti kredit dan syarat pembayaran
Kapasitas logistik dan transportasi yang memadai
Membaiknya kinerja pengiriman dari supplier
Tidak tahu / menolak
Kondisi keuangan supplier anda yang membaik
Note:
(/) Denotes result is not available as there was no mention in the previous wave.
, only those who answered ‘decrease significantly’ or ‘decrease slightly’ in Q3A.
Source: Q3C. Why do you expect the risks of suppliers not honouring agreed trade arrangements to decrease significantly/ decrease slightly? Multiple mentions. Base: Indonesia n=89
15
25
39
28
7
1
10
54
29
7
6
43
40
9
2
1
Decrease
significantly
Decrease
slightly
Maintain same
level
Increase
slightly
Increase
significantly
Sumber pemenuhan kebutuhan
pembiayaan perdagangan
internasional
Note (1): For “Outlook on the need for trade finance”, figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding and the exclusion of “Don’t know/Refused” responses.
Note (2): For “Channels to meet future trade financing obligations”, figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
Source: “Outlook on the need for trade finance” - Q4. In the next six months, do you expect your need for trade finance to increase significantly, increase slightly, maintain the same level, decrease slightly or decrease significantly? Channels to meet future trade financing obligations” - Q5B. Which of the following do you expect to be the main source to meet your future trade financing obligations?
Prediksi terhadap kebutuhan pembiayaan
perdagangan
2H10 (1H10) Base: Indonesia n=300 2H09 1H10 2H10 2H09 1H10 2H10 2H09 1H10 2H10 2H09 1H10 2H10 2H09 1H10 2H10%
+Figures with less than 1% mentions are not shown.
Lebih dari 60% responden di Indonesia berpandangan bahwa kebutuhan pembiayaan
perdagangan akan meningkat.
Bank merupakan salah satu sarana untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembiayaan
perdagangan internasional
Your bank(s) 26
(21%)
Through buyer
support 28%
(33%
)
Payment terms
from suppliers
11% (13%)
Self-funded 34%
(33%)
16
Prediksi terhadap akses kepada pembiayaan
perdagangan internasional
Decrease
significantly
Decrease
slightly
Maintain same
level
Increase
slightly
Increase
significantly
Note: Figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding and the exclusion of “Don’t know/Refused” responses.
Source: Q5A. In the next six months, how do you expect your capacity to access trade finance to change? Base: Indonesia n=300
2H09
1H1
0
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
%
10
38
43
8
1
7
48
38
6
5
40
44
9
1
1
Hampir 50% dari responden di Indonesia berpandangan bahwa akses kepada
pembiayaan perdagangan internasional akan meningkat.
17
Prediksi terhadap dampak nilai tukar
Note: Figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding and the exclusion of “Don’t know/Refused” responses.
Source: Q7. How would you expect exchange rates to impact your import, export business in the next 6 months?
Very unfavourable
Unfavourable
Neither favourable
nor unfavourable
Favourable
Very favourable
Base: Indonesia n=300
2H09
1H1
0
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
%
1
30
55
12
1
1
38
56
4
1
31
55
10
1
1
Walaupun fluktuasi nilai tukar merupakan kendala utama bagi perkembangan
usaha berbasis ekspor/impor di Indonesia, 31% dari responden yang
berpandangan bahwa nilai tukar akan berdampak positif (favorable) terhadap
mereka.
55% dari responden berpandangan bahwa nilai tukar tidak akan berdampak bagi
mereka.
18
Prediksi terhadap dampak dari regulasi pemerintah
Note: Figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding and the exclusion of “Don’t know/Refused” responses.
Source: Q8. How would you expect government trade regulations to impact your import, export business in the next 6 months? Base: Indonesia n=300
2H09
1H1
0
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
Very unfavourable
Unfavourable
Neither favourable
nor unfavourable
Favourable
Very favourable
%
0
12
62
24
1
1
17
63
17
2
20
59
12
1
1
Hanya 12% dari responden yang berpandangan bahwa regulasi pemerintah akan
memberikan dampak positif bagi kegiatan perdagangan yang mereka lakukan.
19
%
Kendala utama dalam pertumbuhan bisnis
impor/ekspor
2H10
(Chang
e from
1H10)
44 (+16)
29 (+5)
21 (+4)
19 (-11)
18 (+6)
11 (+4)
11 (0)
11 (-10)
1 (/ )
27 (-6)
46 (-1)
Lainnya
Tidak ada kendala
Fluktuasi nilai tukar
Regulasi perdagangan
Kekurangan permintaan terhadap produk
Minimnya margin / laba
Kenaikan suku bunga
Biaya pokok seperti shipping, logistik, dan gudang
Supplier melanggar perjanjian perdagangan
Pembeli gagal bayar
Ketersediaan kredit / likuiditas
Fluktuasi nilai tukar serta regulasi perdagangan merupakan kendala utama
dalam pertumbuhan bisnis impor/ekspor.
+Figures with less than 1% mentions are not shown.
Note:
(/) Denotes result is not available as there was no mention in the previous wave.
Source: Q10. Over the next six months, what do you see as the top three barriers to growing your import, export business? Up to three mentions allowed Base: Indonesia n=300
20
Notes:
(/) Denotes result is not available as there was no mention in the previous wave. Greater China includes Hong Kong SAR, Mainland China, Taiwan, Macau
Source: S3B. Which of the following regions are you trading with? Multiple mentions.
%
2H10
(Chang
e from
1H10)
Base: Indonesia n=300Negara/kawasan tujuan perdagangan internasional
1 (-5)
1 (/ )
44 (-7)
41 (+1)
22 (-3)
19 (+4)
17 (+4)
16 (-1)
9 (+1)
9 (-5)
6 (+3)
6 (-3)
2 (-3)
Greater China
Asia Tenggara
USA / Canada
Asia lainnya
Eropa Tengah/Timur (tanpa Jerman)
Eropa Barat (tanpa UK)
Timur Tengah
Australia / New Zealand
Amerika Latin
Jerman
Afrika
UK
Lainnya
+Figures with less than 1% mentions are not shown.
China dan Asia Tenggara merupakan negara/kawasan tujuan utama perdagangan
internasional.
21
Negara/kawasan yang berpotensi menjadi tujuan
perdagangan internasional dalam 6 bulan mendatang
%
2H10
(Chang
e from
1H10)
Asia Tenggara
Greater China
Eropa Timur/Tengah (tanpa Jerman)
Asia lainnya
USA / Canada
Australia / New Zealand
Timur Tengah
Eropa Barat (tanpa UK)
Amerika Latin
Jerman
Afrika
Tidak tahu / menolak
5 (+5)
27 (+4)
27 (-13)
8 (+3)
6 (-1)
5 (0)
5 (+1)
4 (-4)
3 (+1)
3 (+2)
3 (0)
1 (-1)
Negara/kawasan Asia Tenggara dan China dipandang sebagai kawasan yang berpotensi
menjadi tujuan perdagangan internasional dalam 6 bulan ke depan
+Figures with less than 1% mentions are not shown.
Notes:
Greater China includes Hong Kong SAR, Mainland China, Taiwan, Macau
Source: Q9. Over the next six months, which of these regions do you see as having the best opportunity for your business growth? Base: Indonesia n=300
22
17
44
30
7
9
52
33
5
4
55
30
9
1
0
-Note: Figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding and the exclusion of “Don’t know/Refused” responses.
Source: Q13. How do you expect the global economy, to change in the next 6 months? Do you expect the global economy to…?
Decline
significantly
Decline
slightly
Maintain same
level
Grow
slightly
Grow
significantly
Base: Indonesia n=3002H09
1H1
0
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
2H09
1H10
2H10
%
Lebih dari 60% responden di Indonesia berpandangan bahwa perekonomian global
akan bertumbuh.
23
Mata uang untuk trade settlement hingga 6 bulan
mendatang
%
Primary currency
Secondary
currencies
All currencies
1 3
1
1
2
17
70
4
3
28
22
14
8
4
3
2
19
89
5
10
45
26
17
4
US Dollar
Indonesian Rupiah
Euros
Singaporean Dollar
Renminbi, or Chinese Yuan
Japanese Yen
Australian Dollar
Hong Kong Dollar
Dollar AS masih merupakan mata uang utama dalam transaksi perdagangan
internasional.
Source: Q15. Which currency do you expect to be your main trade settlement currency in the next 6 months? Q16. Are there any other currencies you envisage using for trade transactions in the next 6 months?
Note: Only top 10 currencies are shown Base: Indonesia n=300
+Figures with less than 2% mentions are not shown.
24
HSBC Trade Confidence Index – Kesimpulan
¾
Negara-negara di emerging market mempunyai pandangan optimis terhadap
kegiatan perdagangan internasional. Hasil ini konsisten dengan hasil survey
terdahulu.
¾
Sentimen positif dari emerging market merupakan indikator penting bahwa
perdagangan internasional merupakan salah satu penggerak dari pertumbuhan
ekonomi global.
¾
Pengusaha di Indonesia mempunyai tingkat kepercayaan yang lebih tinggi dari
pengusaha yang berada di kawasan Asia akan perdagangan internasional.
¾
Kegiatan perdagangan intra Asia sangat mendominasi kegiatan pengusaha
Indonesia.
¾
China merupakan partner perdagangan terbesar bagi pengusaha Indonesia
sekarang. Sedangkan dalam 6 bulan ke depan, selain China, kawasan Asia
Tenggara merupakan kawasan tujuan yang dianggap menjanjikan bagi pengusaha
Indonesia.
¾
Eksportir/importir Indonesia belum memaksimalkan peran Bank dalam membantu
kegiatan perdagangan internasional.
Appendix
26
Sample Breakdown
Tables below shows the breakdown of interviews achieved on industry level
Industry
Import / Export Trades (Trading)
21%
Manufacturing
9 %
Construction
1 %
Wholesale / Retail
41 %
27
Trading Types
38
2
44
27
8
Your business exports
semi-finished / semi-finished goods
You are an import or
export broker / wholesaler
Your business imports
semi-finished / finished
goods
Your business imports raw
materials
Your business exports raw
materials
%
+Figures with less than 1% mentions are not shown.
28
Respondent Profile
Job title and Employee size
47
22
5
10
16
1 to 49
50-99
100-249
250-499
500 or
above
Employee Size
22
20
16
14
6
6
5
3
2
2
2
2
1
Head of Department
Head of Sales
Chief Accountant
Import / Export Manager / Import / Export
Unspecified
Owner / President
Director of Finance / Head of Purchasing
Manager / Assistant Manager
Managing Director / Deputy Managing
Director
General Manager
Program Development Manager / Business
Development Manager
Sales / Marketing Manager / Marketing
unspecified
Accounting / Finance Manager
CFO / CEO / COO
Job Title
%
%
+Figures with less than 1% mentions are not shown.