TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ... ii
PREFACE ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iv
ABSTRACT ... vi
2.1.1. Definition of collocation ... 6
2.1.2. Classification of collocation ... 7
2.1.2.1. Grammatical collocation ... 8
2.1.2.2. Lexical collocation ... 9
2.1.3. The Importance of collocation ... 10
2.2. Language Learning Strategies ... 12
2.3. Error Analysis ... 15
2.3.1. Differences between errors and mistakes ... 16
2.3.2. Classification of error ... 17
Aidiana Fatimataz Zahro, 2015
Collocation Acquisition: An Investigation Of Indonesian Efl Learners’ Collocational Errors In Their
Writing Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
2.3.4. Criticisms of error analysis ... 19
2.4. Previous Studies on Collocation ... 20
3.3.1 Documentation of students’ essays... 26
3.3.2. Interview ... 26
3.4. Data Analysis ... 27
3.4.1. Identification of collocational errors from the students’ essays ... 27
3.4.2. Transcription of interview data ... 29
3.5. Concluding Remark ... 29
4.2.1.1. Errors in the production of grammatical collocations ... 32
4.2.1.2. Errors in the production of lexical collocations ... 34
4.2.2. The results of the students’ interview ... 38
4.2.2.1. Students’ knowledge and opinion about collocations ... 38
4.2.2.2. Students’ problems and their causes in using English collocations ... 39
4.2.2.3. Students’ strategies in learning English collocations ... 42
4.2.2.3.1. First language transfer ... 43
4.2.2.3.2. Overgeneralization... 44
4.2.2.3.4. Resourcing ... 46
4.2.2.3.5. Literal translation ... 47
4.2.2.3.6. Substitution ... 47
4.4 Concluding Remark ... 49
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 50
5.1 Conclusions ... 50
5.2 Suggestions ... 51
REFERENCES ... 53
Aidiana Fatimataz Zahro, 2015
Collocation Acquisition: An Investigation Of Indonesian Efl Learners’ Collocational Errors In Their
Writing Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Typical Combinations of Grammatical Collocation Based on the
Classification Proposed by Benson et al. (2010) and Their Examples ... 9
Table 2.2 Typical Combinations of Lexical Collocation Based on Classification Proposed by Benson et al. (2010) and Their Examples ... 10
Table 3.1 Framework for Classifying Types of Collocational Errors ... 28
Table 4.1 Distribution of Collocational Deviations in the Students’ Essays ... 31
Table C1 Examples of Collocational Deviations in the Students' Essays 1 ... 86
LIST OF APPENDICES
A. Instruments ... 60
1. Writing Prompts ... 61
2. Interview Guideline ... 62
B. Some Examples of Students’ Writing ... 64
C. Examples of Collocational Errors from the Students’ Writing ... 85
D. Transcript of Interview ... 97
