Empowerment Models of Public Around Tourism Object
Jatijajar Cave Pasir Luhur Kebumen Indonesia
(Model Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekitar Objek Wisata
Gua Jatijajar Pasir Luhur Kebumen Indonesia)
Presented on
Simposium Kebudayaan Indonesia Malaysia (SKIM X)
Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, May, 29-31 2007
By
Nuning Kurniasih, S.Sos., M.Hum. NIP. 132 282 187 Lisis Puspitasari, S.Sos. NIP.
Faculty of Communication Science
University of Padjadjaran
Empowerment Models of Public Around Tourism Object
Jatijajar Cave Pasir Luhur Kebumen Indonesia
Presented on
Simposium Kebudayaan Indonesia Malaysia (SKIM X)
Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, May, 29-31 2007
By
Nuning Kurniasih, S.Sos., M.Hum. NIP. 132 282 187 Lisis Puspitasari, S.Sos. NIP.
Dean of Fikom Unpad
H. Soeganda Priyatna, Drs., M.M.
ABSTRACT
The development of tourism jatijajar cave started from the finding of local resident to natural resources potency which accidentally found. In its development, the nature potency managed conventionally by local public. The management runs sufficiently long from generation to generation. With the limitation of the knowledge and management, Jatijajar Cave still be recognized by public around more over public outside town until foreign countries. The natural beauty and fascination which owned by Jatijajar Cave, like stalagtit and stalagmite, seven wellsprings which there is in cave, relief and public legend is cavemark of Jatijajar. The potency encourage productive economics activity appearance around Jatijajar Cave. After independences of Indonesia and ends a period of political turbulence until year 1960s and admission at development decade, happened compromise in case of management of Jatijajar Cave between government and local public. At 1975 yielded agreement to develop potency by restoring Jatijajar Cave becomes tourism Object Cave. Since then Jatijajar Cave had gaining strength fascination and invites increasing visitor day by day. That thing affects at increasingly public economics activity around Jatijajar Cave. This thing encourage researcher to do research and pours it into title : “Empowerment Model of Public Around Tourism Object Jatijajar Cave Pasir Luhur Kebumen Indonesia”. The purpose of this research is: 1. To know the policy of local government to object development tourism Jatijajar Cave. 2. To know the local culture potency for the agenda of supporting development of effort for tourism Jatijajar Cave. 3. To know the potency and productive activity of public around tourism object Jatijajar Cave. 4. To know the empowerment model of public around Jatijajar Cave. The result of this research indicates that: 1. The governmental policy to tourism object development of Jatijajar Cave is: (a) To Increases the quality of tourism object facilities and basic facilities. (b) To develops tourism being based on at earnings of public with still awake the personality and specification of the area. (c) Improvement of tourist growth rate through construction and development. (d) Improvement of promotion campaign of tourism actively. 2. Local culture potency owned as follows : (a) Belief system which correlating strength of Cave potency as ritual media. (b) traditional art. 3. A local public able to appreciate of skill in processing food, crafting and art. 4. Public take a part in tourism object development by trading, sells photograph service, becomes guide. 5. Found empowerment model of public bases on knowledge system, belief system and public economics.
Recommendation : 1. Improvement the role of local public in tourism object development. 2. Continual construction and training for public in the field of entrepreneurs, skill and crafting and foreign language for guide. 3. Improvement and involvement of mass media in promoting tourism object and for the agenda of extending network between government, investor and public.
TABLE OF CONTENT
II. CONDITION OF JATIJAJAR CAVE TOURISM REGION AT THE MOMENT
3
2.1. Geographical Conditions 3
2.2. Nature Potencies and Jatijajar Cave Tourism 3
2.3. Economics 3
2.4. Residential and Cultural Social 4 III. RESULT OF RESEACH AND SOLUTION 5 3.1. Policy of Local Government to Expansion of Cave Tourism 5
3.1.1. Policies of Local Government in Management of Tourism Object
5 3.1.2. Marketing Program of Tourism Object 6 3.2. Facilities and Tourism Basic Facilities 6 3.3. Local Culture Potency in Subvention Tourism Object Development
of Jatijajar Cave
7 3.3.1. Jatijajar Cave and Public’s Belief 7 3.3.2. Exploiting for Irrigation 9 3.3.3. Legends of Raden Kamandaka 9
3.3.4. Tourism Attractions 9
3.3.5. Supporter Tourism Potencies 9 3.4. Potency and Public Productive Activity Around Tourism Object
Jatijajar Cave
10 3.5. Social Public Culture Problem Around Jatijajar Cave 10 3.6. Empowerment Models of Public Around Tourism Object Jatijajar
Cave
11 3.6.1. Empowerment Model of Public Around Tourism Object
Jatijajar Cave
11 3.6.2. Empowerment Model of Public Bases on Knowledge System 11 3.6.3. Empowerment Model Bases on Public Economics 13 IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 15
4.1. Conclusion 15
4.2. Recommendation 15
I. ANTECEDENT
1.1.Background
Sub-Province of Kebumen Center Java has natural resources properties, human resource, cultural and art which can become pledge in development of tourism. Two on unique gift owned by Kebumen is Karst area South of Gombong and continued coral, which is on unique geology phenomenon, scarce and high valuable. Potency of Ekokars South Gombong area which have been touched for example West Cave which having of beauty and level of difficulty of international scanning, Simbar Cave which its environmental still be original and Jatijajar Cave which is main pledge of Kebumen tourism.
Development of tourism as pledge sector and pre-eminent in GBHN 1988 translated as foreign exchange producer, to encourage economics growth, to increase area earnings, To powered of public economics, extends employment and opportunity to try.
As a pledge tourism object, Jatijajar Cave has extraordinary fascination for tourist candidate either domestic and also foreign countries and for region Kebumen, this tourism object at most visited by tourist. This cave found since the year 1802 by a farmer so named " Jayamenawi" as land owner above that cave. Before built, Jatijajar Cave managed by Door-keeper. After built in the year 1975, management of Jatijajar Cave delivered to Local Government of Sub-Province Kebumen. Development of tourism object Jatijajar Cave gives opportunity to public around Jatijajar cave to stand and in the management of tourism as poured in Law No 9 in year 1990 about tourism which to explain that public has the same opportunity and its to stand and in the management of tourism.
and basic facilities, has not optimal of marketing of tourism and still the low of tourism area human resource. On the other side, the role of government, corporate and public is felt has not balance, so expansion of tourism sector still becoming burden and local government responsibility. For the agenda of optimal the role of and various public components as commended in Law No 9 in year 1990 required empowerment model of public which can support the management of tourism.
1. 2 Purpose Of Research
1. To know the consideration and the policy of local government to tourism object development Jatijajar Cave.
2. To know local a culture potency for the agenda of supporting development of effort for Jatijajar Cave.
3. To know potency and productive activity of public around tourism object Jatijajar Cave.
4. To know a public social problem around tourism object Jatijajar Cave. 5. To know an enableness model of public around tourism object Jatijajar
II. CONDITION OF JATIJAJAR CAVE TOURISM REGION
AT THE MOMENT
2.1 Geographical Conditions
Geographically Sub-Province Kebumen has wide 1.281.115 KMS which is boundary on Sub-province Banyumas and Cilacap in west, Sub-Province Wonosobo and Banjarnegara in north, Sub-Province Purworejo in eastside and Hindia Ocean in Southside.
Jatijajar Cave is located 44 KMS southwest of Kebumen or around 23 KMS south of Gombong or precisely located in Jatijajar village, District Ayah, Sub-Province Kebumen.
Topographic condition in north and south of west region is mountain area, while in centered until south of east region is low plain.
2. 2 Nature Potencies and Jatijajar Cave Tourism
Typology of Jatijajar village included in village around forest category which wide of land around 538907 ha. From the wide, Jatijajar village divided to forest produce with a width of 155200 ha, rice field 78 ha, farm with a width of 116203 ha and settlement around 174770 ha.
2.3 Economics
Table 1: Economic Institution in Jatijajar Village
Name Number Worker
Co-operation 1 7
Construction material Industry 2 6
Hawker Stall 7 14
Transportation 3 9
Effort For Fishery 1 4
Source : Foam of Potency Jatijajar Village 2006
Beside that because of Jatijajar village is chalk area, produce of chalk also becomes pledge potency in this region.
2.4 Residential and Cultural Social
Resources from Foam of potency Jatijajar Village in year 2006 it known that Jatijajar village resident amounts to 7007 men. From the amounts 637 has not gone to school, 122 age 7-45 years have never gone to school, 920 have ever gone to elementary school but not finish, 2651 finish Elementary school/of the same grade, 936 finish Junior high school/of the same grade, 811 finish senior high school/of the same grade, 12 finish D1, 7 people finish D2, 16 finish D3, 46 finish S1 and 2 people finish S2. From the data is knowable that most of Jatijajar village education resident middle and elementary education ( SD, SMP and SLTA). Seen from resident fundamental livelihood Jatijajar village, mostly is farmer ( 2997) other is farmer 309, loafer 106, worker 29, merchant / entrepreneur / employer 453, Civil public servant 62, Army / Police 9 people, dressmaker 9 people, mechanic 7 people, driver 21, private sector employee 38, carpenter 149, stonemason 157 and private sector teacher 13.
III. RESULT OF RESEARCH AND SOLUTION
3.1.Policy of Local Government To Expansion of Cave Tourism
3.1.1. Policies of Local government in Management of Tourism Object
Before Jatijajar Cave built as a tourism object, the management held by key holder. Noted at least there are 5 key holder which managed Jatijajar Cave, that is : Jayamenawi, Bangsatirta, Manreja, Jayawikrama, dan Sandikrama.
In the year 1975, Suparjo Rustam as Governor of Central Java at that time haves an idea to build Jatijajar Cave as a tourism object. Referred CV. AIS from Yogyakarta to execute the development of Jatijajar Cave. Before execution of this development, Kebumen Local Government has indemnified resident house which hit by location of development with a width of 5,5 ha.
A development of Jatijajar Cave also covers addition of artistic buildings in cave, among others :
1. Installation of electric light as lighting.
2. Trap-trap concrete to give an amenity of admission cave.
3. Installation of 32 statues / 8 deorama which tells legend from " Raden Kamandaka - Lutung Kasarung".
Management of tourism object descending Jatijajar Cave at :
1. Sub-Province Kebumen Law No 31 year 2004 about formation organization and Administration On Duty of Artistic Tourism and Culture Sub-Province Kebumen.
a. Increases quality of object facilities and basic tourism facilities. b. Increases organization MICE, tourism visit, lengthens stripper to
remain and increases number of expenditures.
c. Develops tourism being based on at earnings of public with still awake it personality and specification of area.
d. Improvement of tourist growth rate through construction and development.
e. Delivery flexibility of tourism business as according to development of tourism in Sub-Province Kebumen.
f. Stabilization of job equal to other area utilized to accelerate tourism expansion.
3.1.2. Marketing Program of Tourism Object:
As for marketing activity of Sub-Province Kebumen tourism is including promotion tourism object Jatijajar cave, include:
a. Exhibition, either in area and also outside province by working along with other area Tk. II
b. Tourism Profiling
c. Making of Consciousness Tourism Book d. Filming promo in the form of VCD e. Press release
f. Handout, banner, calendar, envelope and postcard with tourism object picture
g. Progress of Iptek stands in tourism object development especially as media promotion. On Duty Artistic Tourism and Art Sub-Province Kebumen has situs: www.kebumen.go.id
3.2. Facilities And Tourism Basic Facilities
1. Transportation.
Bus between provinces connects Kebumen with other big towns in Java Island. Transportation of in town can apply pedicab, delman and ojeg. Railway Station Kebumen called on by some trains from direction of west (Jakarta, Bandung) and East ( Yogyakarta, Surabaya). Supporting facilities for street and adequate transportation causes this keep handy area. It is not be surprise if tourism object Jatijajar cave becomes tourism object which at most visited by tourist around Sub-Province Kebumen and becomes tourism object pledge Sub-Province Kebumen.
2. Lodging and Restaurant
3. In Sub-Province Kebumen has not there are hotel is having star, altogether still having class jasmine. Restaurant has been many spread over in various places.
4. Journey Bureau Wisata ( Indo Tiara Tour) and Agen journey Wisata ( Rahayu, Bumen Jaya and Cahaya Kota)
5. Tourism Infrastructure, covers place to park, playground, food kiosk and souvenir, mushola and MCK.
3.3 Local Culture Potency in Subvention tourism object development of
Jatijajar Cave
3.3.1 Jatijajar Cave and Public’s Belief
underground river some hundred thousand years ago. Underground river which still be active in laids cave bare passing some located holes between 1-3 metres below main fossil alley. There is seven of rivers/sendang. as known to resides in Jatijajar Cave. From seventh of this cave, 4 cave which is the water is believe having special quality to reach specific-purpose and opened generically is :
1. Sendang Kantil.
In base Sendang Kantil there is chiffon which can be traced with diving method ( cave diving). Water from this sendang if used to take a bath or cleans face believed in able to water down reach goals.
2. Sendang Mawar.
Water from this sendang if used to take a bath or cleans face is believed having special quality can be ageless.
Sendang Kantil and Mawar has been built so that easy to be reached.
3. Sendang Jombor
Sendang Jombor dwelt by a pelus along the length of 1 m and holy so that to enter it must get permission before from cave organizer.
4. Sendang Puserbumi
Sendang Puserbumi is a well which diameter straightening around 50 cm. The stream is direct out to surface outside of cave. As Sendang Jombor, Sendang Puserbumi also hardly is holy and made place of having pilgrimage with putting offerings to request the desire. To enter this sendang also must get permission before from cave organizer. Sendang Jombor and Puserbumi still natural, has not been built so that still dark, there are has not lighting and the way is smooth.
3.3.2. Exploiting for irrigation
As symbol of tourism object Jatijajar Cave in the face of cave has been made ancient animal statue of Dinosaurus. From this statue mouth water exit from Sendang Mawar and Sendang Kantil exploited by resident as source of irrigation of countryside rice field Jatijajar and its surroundings. Public believes that the water has special quality can fertilize paddy soil which they cultivate.
3.3.3. Legends of Raden Kamandaka
Since Jatijajar Cave is built, has been added installation of statues or Deorama which tells legend " Raden Kamandaka - Lutung Kasarung" which done penance in Jatijajar Cave. Installation of deorama in this cave becomes one of fascination for tourist
3.3.4. Tourism Attractions
Artistry which growing is Kuda Lumping, Dance Lawet, Wayang Kulit and Calung
3.3.5. Supporter Tourism Potencies
Element supporter tourism who dug from custom, tradition and culture which growing in Kebumen resident is :
1. Ritual ceremony retrieval of nestle walet in the middle of Karangbolong. 2. Japan defence fortress.
3. Ceramics industry Jatisari, making of tile and brickstone in Sokka. 4. Screw pine matting industry in Grenggeng
5. Food and beverage typical of district ( tempe, mendoan, sate ambal, nira). 6. International kite festival carried out in routine.
3.4. Potency and public productive activity around tourism object Jatijajar cave.
Existence of tourism object Jatijajar cave induction at growing it productive activity of public in vinicity, because opening of opportunity for effort in the field:
1. Trading, with forming of kiosks in tourism object Jatijajar cave 2. souvenir, like screw pine matting, batik, clay ceramics and aji stone
3. Typical food, like chicken ambal satay, Nasi Penggel, Soto petahanan, Lanting, Emping, Gula Jawa, Jenang.
4. Accomodation / lodging, is : Puspita Melati 1 5. guide
6. photograph service
3.5. Social Public Culture Problem Around Jatijajar Cave
Tourism object development is not quit of some weakness. As for weakness identified by Cultural And artistic Tourism On Duty:
a. Less professionally duty in executing service duty
b. The limited amounts employee whose comprehending tourism area and executes as a guide in location of tourism object.
c. Lack of activity and supporting facilities for tourism promotion. d. Lack of quality of tourism object and culture that it is good to sells. e. Lack of understanding of tourism consciousness public.
f. The low of social public economics.
g. As for social problem emerging because existence of this tourism object Jatijajar Cave is :
h. Many business public restroom that is not has septic tank to cause river water be turbid.
j. Many tourists which paying a visit to an area often exploited by inappropriate people who like extortion causing tourism image which ugly.
k. Lack of empowerment of duty’s village.
l. Lack of public caring to cultural asset peeps out behaviour of environmental ruining either due development of infrastructure and supporting facilities for tourism, and also because act of ignorant visitor m. Management of Jatijajar Cave by Cultural And artistic Tourism On Duty
at Kebumen, generates dissatisfaction of government of local village feeling existence of tourism object didn't give real contribution besides only opportunity for an effort.
Local government is assumed not to give opportunity at public to partake developing tourism object. This thing generates position of government apathy of village to developing of tourism object.
3.6 Empowerment Models of Public Around Tourism Object Jatijajar Cave
Development of tourism as pledge sector and pre-eminent related to role from various sides. empowerment of public becomes execution successfulness main key of development program and expansion of tourism potency. For the agenda of this empowerment required empowerment models of matching with public characteristic around location of tourism, in this case is public around Jatijajar Cave. Following is some empowerment models of public which can be developed around region Jatijajar Cave:
3.6.1. Empowerment Model of Public Bases On Knowledge System
With this knowledge, public around can overspread their knowledge to tourist and tourist candidate. Knowledge owned by the public, peeps out all kinds of motif aiming at behaviour as follows :
a. For farmer, makes water sources from sendang which there is in Jatijajar Cave as source of irrigation for rice fields around cave.
b. For merchant, tourism potency opens opportunity effort for in various sectors, like crafting, typical food, restaurant and other;
c. For government it self, knowledge about potency found on area Jatijajar Cave encourage policy in displacing management of previous tourism object Jatijajar Cave which managed by public conventionally. Management started with restoration of Jatijajar cave is caused to the region potency as purpose area of tourism capable to become one of foreign exchange producer, to increase area earnings, encourage economics growth, extends employment for the agenda of increasing prosperity of public which remain preserves nature and looks after culture values.
Sketch I
Empowerment Model Bases On Knowledge System
Knowledge
Motive
Behaviour : Careness - Farmer
3.6.2. Empowerment Model Bases On Public Belief
Usually at the area around cave, there is public which have belief. Knowledge which come from their ancestor and hereditarily understanding from generation to generation about the cave has cristallized on conviction cultural. This conviction peeps up belief which really adhesive in public that Jatijajar cave has magic strength, because usually cave describing situation which magic characteristic, sacral and holy. The legend of cave, sendang having special quality which the water have certain magic strength (like can be ageless, fertilize plants). It was like that belief, related the strength cave potency as a ritual media (to got blessing, wangsit (inspiration) , with variety goals) by asceticism, give sacrifice, tirakat and also the programme which ritual characteristic.
Sketch 2
Empowerment Model Bases On Public’s Belief
Hereditarily
Knowledge
Conviction
Magic Belief
- About Cave
- About Sendang
- About Water
- About Deorama
3.6.3. Empowerment Model Bases On Public Economics
in amount and kinds. This things give economic benefit for citizen, employer, and also local government, like :
1. Opportunity for business, either directly business for completing tourist needs or undirectly. Directly field business to envelop accommodation business (hotel, homestay, inn), restaurant, travel, souvenir shop, crafting and artistry workshop, guide, etc.
2. Undirectly business field, like farm, fishery, cattle raising, industries, crafting and others.
3. Opening work field. Wide opportunity in business means will open work field, either work field in many business which directly completing tourist needs and also undirectly.
4. Increasing public income and government.
5. Encourage construction area. Expanding area tourism encourage local government and citizen to prepare and construct facilities which needs like: way construction and repair, water and electricity installation, correction object and tour attractive power, repairing environment, public conditioning etc.
Sketch 3
Empowerment Model Bases On Public Economics
Local Potency Tourism Potency - Business probability
IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1 Conclusion
1. Expansion policy of Jatijajar Cave has been formulated in Restra Sub-province Kebumen by paying attention to tourism object as resource of stock-exchange for area, encourage economics growth, increases prosperity of public and nature preserves and local culture value.
2. Local culture potency become fascination of tourism object Jatijajar Cave at the same time makes it as ritual media for public around and also tourist.
3. Potency and productive activity around tourism object Jatijajar cave is trading, Crafting/souvenir, like screw pine matting, batik tulis, clay ceramics and batu ali, typical food like sate ayam ambal, nasi penggel, soto petanahan, lanting, emping, gula jawa, jenang, Accomodation / lodging, is Puspita Melati 1, guide and photograph service.
4. Public social problem around tourism object Jatijajar Cave stands in expansion and formation of tourism object image.
5. Empowerment Model of public around Jatijajar cave is empowerment model of public bases on knowledge system, belief system and public economics.
4.2.Recommendation
mutually understanding between sides whose involving in tourism object development.
2. Tourism in Jatijajar cave hardly related to effort for local business and conservation of tourism area nature and culture. For the purpose need to be done construction and training continually to public, like training of entrepreneurship, skill training in producing souvenir/crafting which qualified, and training of foreign language especially English to all guide. This things need to be done for the agenda of increasing quality of human resource and expertise in the field of tourism.
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