P-ISSN: 2356-4164, E-ISSN: 2407-4276
Open Access at : https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jkh
Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Singaraja
790
OPTIMIZING HANDLING OF VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN THROUGH THE DESIGN OF AN E- REFERRAL SYSTEM IN PEMALANG
Wahyu Widodo, Marzellina Hardiyanti, Sugiyanto,Khoiriya Latifah Fakultas Hukum, Universitas PGRI Semarang
E-mail: wahyuwidodo@upgris.ac.id, marzellina313@gmail.com, sugiyanto19640712@gmail.com, khoiriyalatifah@upgris.ac.id
Info Artikel Abstract Masuk: 1 Desember 2022
Diterima: 15 Januari 2023 Terbit: 1 Februari 2023 Keywords:
Children; E-Rujuk;
Pemalang; Handling;
Women.
Women and children are marginalized subjects.
Pemalang Regency has a fairly high percentage of cases of violence against women and children, as many as 348 cases from 2010-2021. Various efforts have been made by the Regional Government, one of which is the existence of a referral service agency.
However, some services for handling violence against women and children have not been integrated, which causes victims of violence not to understand where to report the violence they have experienced, so they need an integrated referral service. This study consists of 2 (two) main problems, namely the reason for the need for optimizing the handling of victims of violence against women and children through the Design of the E-Referral System in Pemalang Regency and the E-Referral System design model for handling victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency. This research method uses a juridical-empirical approach with primary and secondary data sources analyzed using descriptive- analytical methods. The results showed that the handling of victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency was not optimal, this was due to the unintegrated complaint service for victims of violence against women and children so it required the design of an application-based referral service to make it easier for victims or reporters to make complaints. The design of the E-Referral System that has been carried out by researchers using the Borg and Call models has reached the 4th stage,
791 namely preliminary testing. user interface/user experience design of the e-refer application to adjust the pattern and the majority of users so that users can find out the type of violence they may experience and the actions that can be taken, of course, the security of user data is kept well confidential using tested security methods and from the developer's side.
Abstrak Kata kunci:
Anak; E-Rujuk; Pemalang;
Penanganan; Perempuan.
Corresponding Author:
Wahyu Widodo, e-mail : wahyuwidodo@upgris.ac.id
Women and children are marginalized subjects.
Pemalang Regency has a fairly high percentage of cases of violence against women and children, as many as 348 cases from 2010-2021. Various efforts have been made by the Regional Government, one of which is the existence of a referral service agency.
However, some services for handling violence against women and children have not been integrated, which causes victims of violence not to understand where to report the violence they have experienced, so they need an integrated referral service. This study consists of 2 (two) main problems, namely the reason for the need for optimizing the handling of victims of violence against women and children through the Design of the E-Referral System in Pemalang Regency and the E-Referral System design model for handling victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency. This research method uses a juridical-empirical approach with primary and secondary data sources analyzed using descriptive- analytical methods. The results showed that the handling of victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency was not optimal, this was due to the unintegrated complaint service for victims of violence against women and children so it required the design of an application-based referral service to make it easier for victims or reporters to make complaints. The design of the E-Referral System that has been carried out by researchers using the Borg and Call models has reached the 4th stage, namely preliminary testing. user interface/user experience design of the e-refer application to adjust the pattern and the majority of users so that users can find out the type of violence they may experience and the actions that can be taken, of course, the security of user data is kept well confidential using tested security methods and from the developer's side.
792
@Copyright 2023.
INTRODUCTION
Women and children are subjects that are often marginalized in society. The problems underlying the marginalization of women and children are Domestic Violence (KDRT), Sexual Violence, Physical Violence, Psychological Violence, Online Gender-based Violence, and even human Trafficking. Violence experienced by children varies, there is physical and psychological violence. Both physical and psychological violence, this violence has a very bad impact on children's development, especially their psychological development. Child delinquency is the thing that most often causes parental anger, so children receive punishment and when accompanied by emotion, parents do not hesitate to hit or do physical violence, it is not uncommon for parents to say harsh words to their children (Goddess, Teenagers, 2020).
Cases of physical violence are a serious matter to be disclosed and must receive the attention of all parties. However, in reality, there are still many cases of physical violence and cases in the household (KDRT) that still cannot be exposed to the surface, especially those that occur to children. This is caused by various factors including fear of the perpetrators, embarrassment if the family's disgrace is known by the public, or a permissive culture that forgives perpetrators. In line, the government issued Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning eliminating Domestic Violence.
However, this has not been effective in reducing the number of violence that occurs in households (Rahmad, 2019).
Based on data from the Pemalang Regency Social Service, the trend of cases of violence against women and children in Pemalang is increasing. Over the last 5 years, there have been a total of 384 cases. With details in 2017, there were 67 cases, in 2018 there were 57 cases, in 2019 there were 69 cases, in 2020 there were 89 cases and in 2021 there were 102 cases. Head of the Family Planning Division for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (KBPPPA) of the Pemalang Social Service (Dinsos), Muh Tarom explained, the trend of the highest increase in the number of violence was in 2021. This is due to the Covid-19 pandemic. At that time the community was faced with complex problems, one of which was economic problems (Joglojateng, 2022).
Efforts to protect the law for the protection of victims of women and children, among others, are regulated in Law no. 7 of 1984 concerning Ratification of the Convention Concerning the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW Convention), Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence (PKDRT), and Law no. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, and Law no. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The Regional Government of Central Java has provided regulations on efforts to prevent and treat victims of violence against women and children through Regional Regulation of Central Java Province No. 2 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Women's Protection and Regional Regulation No. 7 of 2013 concerning the Implementation of Child Protection.
Handling cases of violence against women and children is carried out through the presence of the Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women and Children (P2TP2A). The Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women
793 and Children (P2TP2A) is an institution formed by the government based on the Regulation of the Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia Number 05 of 2010 concerning Guidelines for the Formation and Development of Integrated Service Centers. The term P2TP2A is a type of service institution for victims of gender-based violence and children, which in generic terms is the Integrated Service Center (PPT). Other institutions that are often referred to as PPT are Safe Homes, Children's Social Protection Homes (RPSA), Trauma Center Safe Houses (RPTC), Women's Social Protection Homes (RPSW), and Halfway Homes. These institutions are a form of referral service for victims of women and children (Hardiyanti, Purwanti, Wijaningsih, 2018).
Agus Qomaruddin et al explained that the existence of an information system for managing the activities of the PPA task force could increase the ease of managing data and help the village and social services to carry out monitoring and evaluation (Munir, et all, 2020). Ani Purwanti and Marzellina Hardiyanti explained that the strategy for solving acts of sexual violence against women and children was through the passage of the Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence (Purwanti, Hardiyanti, 2018). Dini Zulfiani et al explained that the handling of violence against women and children in East Kalimantan Province is using social rehabilitation, law enforcement and legal assistance, return, and social reintegration (Indrawati, Kondorura, AF, 2018). Based on this research, it can be concluded that violence against women and children is something that needs attention. So we need communicative media for the community to make it easier for the public to make complaints and to make it easier for the government to handle complaints of violence against women and children.
Because women and children are subjects that are vulnerable to acts of violence.
The purpose of this study was to identify, analyze, and discover the concept of online-based referral services and designing mobile-based online media as a referral service medium for the community because the current condition of the implementation of handling victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency has only been integrated into the Social Service, Control Population, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Pemalang Regency. The urgency of online-based referral services is to make it easier for victims or complainants to submit reports or request assistance services in the form of legal assistance, counseling services, health services, and reintegration services from the local government through the authority of the Office of Social Affairs, Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Malang Regency. Therefore it is necessary to design an online referral service system (e-referral) to encourage the alleviation of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency and realize gender-based justice (Merhi, 2021).
This research will produce a media service that is integrated with referral service centers from several agencies authorized to handle complaints and complaints of violence against women and children in Pemalang.
METHOD OF RESEARCH
This research is juridical-empirical approach. Empirical legal research is research that uses empirical facts taken from human behavior, both verbal
794 behaviors obtained through interviews and real behavior carried out through direct observation (Disemadi, 2022; Tan, 2022). In addition, empirical research is also used to observe the results of human behavior in the form of physical remains and archives (Fajar and Yulianto, 2015). The specification of this legal research is in the form of analytical descriptive research. Descriptive means that the researcher in analyzing wants to provide an overview or explanation of the object of his research.
Primary data collection was carried out by observation (direct observation) and interviews with several informants in this study. In terms of observation or observation is an activity carried out by researchers in the context of collecting data by observing the phenomenon of a certain community at a certain time as well.
This primary data is also through interviews with several sources. Deep interview (in-depth-interview) is the process of obtaining information for research purposes using question and answer while face to face between interviewers and informants or interviewees, with or without using guidelines (guide) interviews, where interviewers and informants are involved in social life for a relatively long time.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1. The reason for the need for Optimization of Handling of Victims of Violence against Women and Children through the Design of an E-Referral System in Pemalang Regency
a. Description of Cases of Violence Against Women and Children in Pemalang District
Women and children are often vulnerable subjects to violence in Indonesia. Cases of violence against women and children in Indonesia have increased every year. Based on data from the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, shows that Central Java Province is the region that ranks fourth in the number of complaints against cases of violence against women and children in Indonesia. As the research conducted by the research team shows that Pemalang Regency as one of the districts in Central Java has quite high cases of violence against women and children.
Based on data obtained from the Family Planning Population Control Office for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Pemalang Regency, it shows that from 2010-2021 there were 348 cases of violence against women and as many as 471 cases of violence against children. Cases of child abuse experienced a higher increase compared to the number of cases of Domestic Violence (KDRT), which declined relatively. Therefore, the total number of violence against women and children was 819 cases during 2010- 2021 in Pemalang Regency.
Tabel 1. Cases of Violence Against Women and Children in Pemalang Regency in 2010-2021
795 No. Year Kekerasan terhadap
Perempuan Kekerasan terhadap Anak
1 2010 40 26
2 2011 20 31
3 2012 27 25
4 2013 25 36
5 2014 22 40
6 2015 28 38
7 2016 24 53
8 2017 18 49
9 2018 26 31
10 2019 35 34
11 2020 37 56
12 2021 46 56
Total 348 471
Based on the table above shows that the average cases of violence against women were 42.82% of patients and cases of violence against children were 31.64% of cases. The numbers listed in the data cannot accurately reflect the level of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency due to the iceberg phenomenon. This phenomenon is motivated by the fact that there are still many cases of violence against women and children that have not been reported so victims do not receive proper treatment.
Based on data from the Office of Social Population Control Family Planning for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Pemalang Regency, the types of violence that occurred in Pemalang Regency in 2010-2011 can be described as follows.
No. Jenis
Kekerasan Korban
Perempuan Korban Anak 1 Kekerasan
Fisik 216 61
2 Kekerasan
Seksual 59 372
796 Tabel 2. Jenis Kekerasan Kasus Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dan Anak Kabupaten Pemalang 2010- 2021
The data above shows that the reported rate of sexual violence against children is higher than that of physical violence against women. The trend of sexual violence now shows that it doesn't only happen to adult women but instead threatens victims at a less mature age, namely children. The Social Service for Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, Pemalang Regency also reported data on the sex of victims of child violence during 2010-2021, there were 17% of male victims of violence and 84%
of female victims.
b. Basic Legal Arrangements for Handling Victims of Violence against Women and Children in Pemalang Regency
The protection and handling of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency are regulated in the following legal regulations:
1) Law No. 23 of 2002 jo. Law No. 35 of 2014 jo. Law No. 17 of 2016 on Child Protection.
2) Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence.
3) Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons.
4) Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning Crimes of Sexual Violence.
5) Pemalang Regency Regional Regulation No. 18 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Integrated Services for Victims of Gender-Based Violence and Children.
6) Pemalang Regent Regulation No. 16 of 2016 concerning the Establishment of an Integrated Service Center for Victims of Gender- Based Violence and Children "Jayandu Widuri".
7) Handling of victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency is accompanied by several
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), including:
1) Macro Management SOP 2) SOP for Public Complaints 3) SOP for Victim Outreach 4) SOP for Case Management 5) Temporary Shelter SOP 6) Mediation SOPs
7) SOP for Victim Assistance 3 Kekerasan
Psikis 26 6
4 Human
Trafficking 2 17
5 Penelantaran
Ekonomi 5 1
6 Lainnya 40 14
797 The handling of victims of violence against women and children needs to pay attention to the following matters:
1) Assistance pays attention to values and principles in working with women or children and their families.
2) Assistance pays attention to service standards policies, requirements, and procedural mechanisms.
3) Service is responsive, swift, and courteous.
4) Requests for personal information must be with the beneficiary's consent (informed concern).
5) The officer is obliged to maintain the confidentiality of the beneficiary.
Forms of services for victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency are regulated in Article 18 of Pemalang Regency Regional Regulation No. 18 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Integrated Services for Victims of Gender-Based Violence and Children which stipulates that "Forms of service to victims include:
a. complaint service;
b. assistance services;
c. health services;
d. social rehabilitation services;
e. and. legal services; and
f. return and social reintegration service.
The legal services referred to are further regulated in Article 23 of the Regional Regulation of Pemalang Regency No. 18 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Integrated Services for Victims of Gender-Based Violence and Children, namely:
a. provide legal consultations that include information regarding victims' rights and the judicial process;
b. assisting victims at the levels of investigation, prosecution, and examination in court proceedings and helping victims to fully describe the violence they have experienced; and
c. coordinating with fellow law enforcers, companion volunteers, and social workers.
2.Design of an E-Referral System for Handling Victims of Violence against Women and Children in Pemalang District
Women and children are subjects that are vulnerable to acts of violence. E- reference is an application made to make it easier for the community (women and children) to make complaints about the violence they receive. Types of violence and treatment are the variables that will be produced in this research in the first year. After validating the variables, the first year's research will design the user interface/user experience of the e-reference application to adjust the pattern and the majority of users. After the case database is collected, this research will model the data and model measurements to produce system output based on an Artificial Intelligent algorithm that matches the data pattern to make the right reference.
The implementation of Artificial Intelligence is currently growing rapidly globally (Borges, et all, 2021). According to Gartner's 2019 CIO Agenda survey,
798 48% of CIOs have plans to implement AI-based systems in 2020 (Nishant, Kennedy, Corbett, 2020) because it is estimated that AI can grow the industry to $118.3 billion by 2025 (Goasduff, Gartner, 2019). AI is a system that mimics human cognitive functions or tasks such as learning, speaking, and problem- solving that exist in society in general (Ideamotive, 2020). AI is useful for various things such as reducing costs, reducing human error, increasing experience, increasing productivity and operational efficiency, and accelerating the right decision-making based on real data that exists in an industry or company (Dwivedi, 2019), (Davenport, 2022) AI-based information systems can be used to support decision making promptly according to facts for decision makers (Edward, Robins, 2000).
a. Preliminary Testing Software E-Rujuk
The protection and handling of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency are regulated in the Regional Regulation of Pemalang Regency No. 18 of 2015 concerning the Implementation of Protection for Victims of Violence-based and based on this, the research team felt the need to create a software aimed at facilitating the handling of gender- and child-based violence, in this case, the E-Referral software, which in this case had been implemented by the research team. using the Borg and Call models to the 4th stage, namely preliminary testing. design the user interface/user experience of the e-reference application to suit patterns and the majority of users. After the case database has been collected, this research will model the data and model measurements to produce system output based on an Artificial Intelligent algorithm that matches the data pattern to make the right reference. making the initial draft of this E-Reference itself for the Research team is not that difficult and can still be achieved even though the discipline of the writing team is Law because with the advancement of current technology, the existing Technology and information systems make it very easy for users to even make the software even though users don't need to learn complex programming languages like ibuildapp.com for example which makes it very easy to create android applications for its users.
With this application, the user can find out the type of violence that may be experienced along with the actions that can be taken, of course, the security of user data is kept confidential using proven security methods and from the developer's side, in this case, the research team, in collaboration with the Social Control Service Residents of Family Planning for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Pemalang Regency itself.
With this application, it is hoped that data on women who experience violence can be more accurate because victims can be more open in consulting their problems. After all, confidentiality is guaranteed. The interface design of this application is shown below :
799
CONCLUSION
Based on the description of the previous discussion, this research can be concluded as follows:
1. The reason for the need for treatment for victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency through the Design of the E-Referral System is that the handling of victims of violence against women and children is not optimal, especially those who need referral services. Complaint services that have not been systematically integrated using an application-based system also hinder public complaints when they need protection, assistance, or handling assistance through several referral services such as legal aid services, counseling services, safe house services, and health services. Therefore, complaint services for cases of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency require well- systematic, application-based complaints.
2. The design of the E-Referral System for handling victims of violence against women and children in Pemalang Regency uses the Borg and Call models up to stage 4, namely preliminary testing. design the user interface/user experience of the e-reference application to suit patterns and the majority of users. Users can find out the types of violence they might experience along with the actions that can be taken, of course, the security of user data is well kept secret using proven security methods and from the developer's side, in this case, the research team, in collaboration with the Office of Social Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Pemalang Regency itself.
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