BAB II BAB II TEORI DASAR TEORI DASAR II .1 Pengertian Sistem Hidrolik
II .1 Pengertian Sistem Hidrolik Si
Sistestem m hihidrdrololi i !d!d!!ll!h !h ss""!!tt" " s#s#sstetem m $$ememi%i%dd!!h h tte%e%!!&&! ! ddee%%&&!!%% me
me%&%&&"&"%!%!!% !% '!t '!t (!i(!ir r !t!t!" !" )l)l"i"id! d! se*se*!&!&!i !i $e$er!%r!%t!rt!r!+ !+ SiSistestem m h#h#drdr!"l!"li( i( i%i%ii mem$"%#!i *!%#! e"%&&"l!% di*!%di%& ,i! me%&&"%!!% sistem me!%i!l+ mem$"%#!i *!%#! e"%&&"l!% di*!%di%& ,i! me%&&"%!!% sistem me!%i!l+ II . 2 Aliran Fluida Dan Laju Aliran
II . 2 Aliran Fluida Dan Laju Aliran
l"id! memilii . ,e%is !lir!%/ #!it" !lir!% )l"id! l!mi%er/ !lir!% l"id! memilii . ,e%is !lir!%/ #!it" !lir!% )l"id! l!mi%er/ !lir!% )l"id! tr!%sisi d!% !lir!% )l"id! t"r*"le%+ H!l #!%& d!$!t dilih!t "%t" )l"id! tr!%sisi d!% !lir!% )l"id! t"r*"le%+ H!l #!%& d!$!t dilih!t "%t" m
me%e%&e&et!t!h"h"i i ,e,e%i%is s !l!lirir!% !% )l)l"i"id! d! !d!d!l!l!h !h *i*il!l!%&%&!% !% rere##%o%oldld/ / ##!%!%&& *er&!%t"%&
*er&!%t"%& $!d! $!d! m!ss! m!ss! ,e%is/ ,e%is/ e(e$!t!% e(e$!t!% !lir!% !lir!% )l"id!/ )l"id!/ di!meter di!meter $e%!m$!%& !lir!% )l"id! d!% isosit!s !*sol"t+
$e%!m$!%& !lir!% )l"id! d!% isosit!s !*sol"t+ 1e%is !lir!% )l"id!/ terd!$!t . ,e%is/ #!it" 1e%is !lir!% )l"id!/ terd!$!t . ,e%is/ #!it"
3+
3+ AliAlir!% L!mr!% L!mi%ei%er r !d!!d!l!h dim!l!h dim!%! o%d%! o%disi $er&isi $er&er!er!!% $!r!% $!rtitielel d!ri )l"id! ser!&!m d!% *er!t"r!%/ e(e$!t!% )l"id! l!mi%er d!ri )l"id! ser!&!m d!% *er!t"r!%/ e(e$!t!% )l"id! l!mi%er (e%der"%& rel!ti) re%d!h+ 4Re 5 2.006+
(e%der"%& rel!ti) re%d!h+ 4Re 5 2.006+
2+
2+ AliAlir!% Trr!% Tr!%s!%sisi !d!lisi !d!l!h dim!!h dim!%! o%d%! o%disi $!rtisi $!rtieiel )l"id! *erl )l"id! *er!d!!d! $!d!
$!d! $er!lih!% $er!lih!% d!ri d!ri o%disi o%disi ser!&!m ser!&!m me%"," me%"," o%disi o%disi !(!/!(!/ $!d!
$!d! o%disi o%disi %#!t!%#! %#!t!%#! o%disi o%disi se$erti se$erti i%i i%i s!%&!t s!%&!t s"lit s"lit ter,!diter,!di 4Re 7 2.006+
4Re 7 2.006+
LABO
LABORARATTORIORI8M 8M HIDHIDROLIROLIK K 9 9 PNEPNE8MA8MATTIKIK .. Gambar 2.2.1
Gambar 2.2.1 Alir!% l"id! L!mi%er Alir!% l"id! L!mi%er htt$::;;;
htt$::;;;+!s<+)l"id +!s<+)l"id %e;to%i!%-
%e;to%i!%-%o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or&
%o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or&
Gambar 2.2.2
Gambar 2.2.2 Alir!% l"id! Tr!%sisi Alir!% l"id! Tr!%sisi htt$::;;;
htt$::;;;+!s<+)l"id +!s<+)l"id %e;to%i!%-
%e;to%i!%-%o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or& %o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or&
.+
.+ AliAlir!% T"r!% T"r*"r*"le% !d!lle% !d!l!h dim!%!h dim!%! ! o%o%disdisi i $er$er&er&er!!% $!r!!% $!rtitielel )l"id! !d!l!h !(! d!% tid! *er!t"r!%/ o%disi se$erti i%i )l"id! !d!l!h !(! d!% tid! *er!t"r!%/ o%disi se$erti i%i seri%& ter,!di/ e(e$!t!%%#! rel!ti) ti%&&i+ 4 Re ? 2.006
seri%& ter,!di/ e(e$!t!%%#! rel!ti) ti%&&i+ 4 Re ? 2.006
II . 3
II . 3 Pompa Hidrolik Pompa Hidrolik Pom
Pom$! $! hidhidroliroli *er*er)"%)"%&si &si se$ese$erti rti ,!%,!%t"%t"%& & d!ld!l!m !m t"*t"*"h "h m!%m!%"si"si! ! !d!!d!l!hl!h se*
se*!&!!&!i i $em$emom$om$! ! d!rd!r!h+ !h+ PomPom$! $! hidhidrolroli i mermer"$!"$!!% !% omom$o$o%e% %e% d!rd!rii sistem hidroli #!%& mem*"!t oli me%&!lir !t!" $om$! hidroli se*!&!i sistem hidroli #!%& mem*"!t oli me%&!lir !t!" $om$! hidroli se*!&!i s"m*er te%!&! #!%& me%&"*!h te%!&! me!%is me%,!di te%!&! hidroli+ s"m*er te%!&! #!%& me%&"*!h te%!&! me!%is me%,!di te%!&! hidroli+
Kl!si)i!si $om$! hidroli !d!l!h se*!&!i *eri"t Kl!si)i!si $om$! hidroli !d!l!h se*!&!i *eri"t
LABO
LABORARATTORIORI8M 8M HIDHIDROLIROLIK K 9 9 PNEPNE8MA8MATTIKIK @@ Gambar 2.2.3
Gambar 2.2.3 Alir!% l"id! T"r*"le% Alir!% l"id! T"r*"le% htt$::;;;
htt$::;;;+!s<+)l"id +!s<+)l"id %e;to%i!%-
%e;to%i!%-%o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or& %o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or&
Gambar 2.3
Gambar 2.3 Pom$! Hidroli Pom$! Hidroli
htt$::!%t!l#!hidroli+(om:tr:HidroliPom$!+!s$<
• Non Positive Displacement Pump mem$"%#!i $e%#e!t !%t!r! l"*!%& m!s":i%let $ort d!% l"*!%& el"!r:o"t $ort/ sehi%&&! (!ir!% d!$!t me%&!lir di d!l!m $om$! !$!*il! !d! te!%!%+ Co%toh Pom$! !ir term!s" dise*"t ,"&! ti$e non positive diplasement +
• Positive Diplacement Pump Memilii l"*!%& m!s":i%let $ort d!% l"*!%& el"!r:o"tlet $ort #!%& di se!t di d!l!m $om$!+ Sehi%&&! $om$! ,e%is i%i d!$!t *eer,! de%&!% te!%!% #!%& s!%&!t ti%&&i d!% h!r"s di $rotesi terh!d!$ te!%!% #!%& *erle*ih!% de%&!% me%&&"%!!% $ress"re relie) !le+ Co%toh Pom$! hidroli !l!t-!l!t *er!t+
• Fixed Displacement Pump mem$"%#!i se*"!h r"!%& $om$! de%&!% ol"me tet!$ 4 fixed volume pumping chamber 6 o"t$"t%#! h!%#! *is! di"*!h de%&!% (!r! mer"*!h e(e$!t!% er,! 4drive speed 6+
• Variable Displacement Pump mem$"%#!i r"!%& $om$! de%&!% ol"me *er!ri!si/ o"t$"t%#! d!$!t di"*!h de%&!% (!r! mer"*!h displacement !t!" drive speed / fixed displacement pump m!"$"% variable pump di$!!i $!d! !l!t-!l!t $emi%d!h t!%!h+
II . !lasi"ikasi #li Hidrolik
Oli hidroli #!%& *er*!sis $!d! mi%#! mi%er!l *i!s!%#! di&"%!!% se(!r! l"!s $!d! mesi%-mesi% $er!!s !t!" ,"&! mesi%-mesi% i%d"stri+ Me%"r"t st!%d!r DIN 32@ d!% 322 d!% ses"!i de%&!% !r!teristi sert! om$osisi%#! oli hidroli di*!&i me%,!di ti&! el!s/ #!it"
• H#dr!"li( oil HL • H#dr!"li( oil HLP • H#dr!"li( oil H
Pem*eri!% ode de%&!% h"r") se$erti di !t!s !rti%#! !d!l!h se*!&!i *eri"t+ Mis!l%#! oli hidroli de%&!% ode HLP =/ !rti%#!
• H 7 Oli hidroli
• L 7 ode "%t" *!h!% t!m*!h!% oli 4!dditie6 &"%! me%i%&!t!% $e%(e&!h!% orosi d!% : !t!" $e%i%&!t!% "m"r oli
• P 7 ode "%t" !dditie #!%& me%i%&!t!% em!m$"!% me%erim! *e*!%+
• = 7 ti%&!t!% isosit!s oli 4lih!t t!*el $!d! HO@6
P!d! oli hidroli mem$"%#!i ee%t!l!% d!% l!si)i!si se*!&!im!%! oli mesi%/ h!%#! tid! di%#!t!!% d!l!m SAE m!"$"% ode API service+
Si)!t oli $!d! sistem hidroli
!+ Bersi)!t tid! d!$!t dim!m$!t!% 4"%(rom$ressi*le6+ *+ Bersi)!t m"d!h me%&!lir 4)l"idit#6+
(+ H!r"s st!*il si)!t )isi! d!% imi!%#!+ d+ Mem$"%#!i si)!t mel"m!si+
e+ Me%(e&!h ter,!di%#! !r!t+
)+ Bersi)!t m"d!h me%#es"!i!% de%&!% tem$!t+ &+ D!$!t memis!h!% otor!% otor!%+
II . $ Sistem !ontrol Hidrolik %anual
Sistem $e%&!t"r!% hidroli *is! dil!"!% de%&!% (!r! m!%"!l d!% (!r! otom!tis+ C!r! m!%"!l dil!"!% de%&!% me%&!t"r h!%dle de%&!% t!%&!% *!i "%t" mem$er*es!r !t!" mem$ere(il te!%!% $!d! sile%der !t!" sole%oid !le+ 8%t" sistem er,! mesi%%#! se(!r! esel"r"h!% tid! *er*ed! !%t!r! m!%"!l de%&!% otom!tis/ h!%#! s!,! $!d! (!r! otom!tis
dil!"!% de%&!% mem*"!t sistem $e%&!t"r!% )lo; de%&!% mem!%)!!t!% !ti)!si ON d!% O sole%oid !le #!%& die%d!li!% oleh se*"!h PLC+ Sistem $e%&!t"r!% te!%!% otom!tis ,"&! *is! dil!"!% de%&!% (!r! l!i% se$erti $e%&!t"r!% e(e$!t!% $om$! hidroli !t!" e(e$!t!% motor $om$!+
8%t" me%&e%d!li!% te!%!% se(!r! otom!tis *i!s!%#! di$!s!%&!% se*"!h se%sor te!%!% #!%& di$!s!%&!% $!d! "%it H#dr!"li( Pe%"m!ti( #!%& *erdiri se%diri !t!" ter$!s!%& se*!&!i se%sor i%$"t e PLC+
II . & %a'am(%a'am Sensor
1. Sensor Pro)imit*
Se%sor $ro<imit# mer"$!!% se%sor !t!" s!l!r #!%& d!$!t me%detesi !d!%#! t!r&et ,e%is lo&!m de%&!% t!%$! !d!%#! o%t! )isi+ Bi!s!%#! se%sor i%i tediri d!ri !l!t eletro%is solid-st!te #!%& ter*"%&"s r!$!t "%t" meli%d"%&i d!ri
$e%&!r"h &et!r!%/ (!ir!%/ imi!;i/ d!% orosi) #!%& *erle*ih!%+ Se%sor $ro<imit# d!$!t di!$li!si!% $!d! o%disi $e%&i%der!!% $!d! o*,e #!%& di!%&&!$ terl!l" e(il !t!" l"%! "%t" me%&&er!!% s"!t" me!%is s!l!r+
2. Sensor %agnet
Se%sor M!&%et !t!" dise*"t ,"&! rel!i *"l"h/ !d!l!h !l!t #!%& !!% ter$e%&!r"h med!% m!&%et d!% !!% mem*eri!% $er"*!h!% o%disi $!d! el"!r!%+ Se$erti l!#!%#! s!l!r d"! o%disi 4o%:o))6 #!%& di&er!!% oleh !d!%#! med!% m!&%et di seit!r%#!+ Bi!s!%#! se%sor i%i diem!s d!l!m *e%t" em!s!% #!%& h!m$! d!% *e*!s d!ri de*"/ elem*!$!%/ !s!$ !t!"$"% "!$+
3. Sensor Sinar
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK >
II+=+3 M!(!m-M!(!m Se%sor
https://www.google.co.id/search? = ambar+Sensor+Proximit
II+=+2 Se%sor M!&%et
https://www.google.co.id/search? =Sensor+Ma net
Se%sor si%!r terdiri d!ri . !te&ori+ otoolt!i( !t!" sel sol!r !d!l!h !l!t se%sor si%!r #!%& me%&"*!h e%er&i si%!r l!%&s"%& me%,!di e%er&i listri/ de%&!% !d!%#! $e%#i%!r!% (!h!#! !!% me%#e*!*!% $er&er!!% eletro% d!% me%&h!sil!%
te&!%&!%+ Demii!% $"l! de%&!% otoo%d"ti) 4)otoresisti)6 #!%& !!% mem*eri!% $er"*!h!% t!h!%!% 4resist!%si6 $!d! sel-sel%#!/ sem!i% ti%&&i i%te%sit!s (!h!#! #!%& terim!/ m!! !!% sem!i% e(il $"l! %il!i t!h!%!%%#!+ Sed!%&!% otolistri !d!l!h se%sor #!%& *er$ri%si$ er,! *erd!s!r!% $!%t"l!% !re%! $er"*!h!% $osisi:,!r! s"!t" s"m*er si%!r 4i%)r!mer!h !t!" l!ser6 !t!"$"% t!r&et $em!%t"l%#!/ #!%& terdiri d!ri $!s!%&!% s"m*er (!h!#! d!% $e%erim!+
Se%sor "ltr!so%i *eer,! *erd!s!r!% $ri%si$ $!%t"l!% &elom*!%& s"!r!/ dim!%! se%sor i%i me%&h!sil!% &elom*!%& s"!r! #!%& em"di!% me%!%&!$%#! em*!li de%&!% $er*ed!!% ;!t" se*!&!i d!s!r $e%&i%der!!%%#!+ Per*ed!!% ;!t" !%t!r! &elom*!%& s"!r! di$!%(!r!% de%&!% dit!%&!$%#! em*!li &elom*!%& s"!r! terse*"t !d!l!h *er*!%di%& l"r"s de%&!% ,!r! !t!" ti%&&i o*,e #!%& mem!%t"l!%%#!+ 1e%is o*,e #!%& d!$!t dii%der! di!%t!r!%#! !d!l!h o*,e $!d!t/ (!ir/ *"tir!% m!"$"% testil+
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK
II+=+. Se%sor Si%!r
https://www.google.co.id/search? biw=122!bih="#"!tbm=isch!sa=1!q=Sensor+sinar II+=+@ Se%sor S"!r! https://www.google.co.id/search? biw=122!bih="#"!tbm=isch!sa=1!q=Sensor+$lt rasoni%!oq=Sensor+$ltrasoni%
$. Sensor +ekanan
Se%sor te!%!% - se%sor i%i memilii tr!%sd"ser #!%& me%&""r ete&!%&!% !;!t/ dim!%! me%&"*!h te&!%&!% me!%is me%,!di si%#!l listri+ D!s!r $e%&i%der!!%%#! $!d! $er"*!h!% t!h!%!% $e%&!%t!r 4tr!%sd"ser6 #!%& *er"*!h
!i*!t $er"*!h!% $!%,!%& d!% l"!s $e%!m$!%&%#!+
&. Sensor !e'epatan ,-P%
Proses $e%&i%der!!% se%sor e(e$!t!% mer"$!!% $roses e*!li!% d!ri s"!t" motor/ dim!%! s"!t" $oros:o*,e(t #!%& *er$"t!r $!d! s"!t"i &e%er!tor !!% me%&h!sil!% s"!t" te&!%&!% #!%& se*!%di%& de%&!% e(e$!t!% $"t!r!% o*,e(t+ Ke(e$!t!% $"t!r seri%& $"l! di""r de%&!% me%&&"%!!% se%sor #!%& me%&i%der! $"ls! m!&%etis 4i%d"si6 #!%& tim*"l s!!t med!% m!&%etis ter,!di+
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK
II+=+ Se%sor S"!r! biw=1242&bih=566&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=S ensor+Tekanan II+=+= Se%sor P"t!r!% https://www.google.co.i/search! biw=1242&bih=566&tbm=isch&sa=1& =S
/. Sensor Pen*andi ,0n'oder
Se%sor Pe%#!%di 4E%(oder6 di&"%!!% "%t" me%&"*!h &er!!% li%e!r !t!" $"t!r!% me%,!di si%#!l di&it!l/ dim!%! se%sor $"t!r!% memo%itor &er!!% $"t!r
d!ri s"!t" !l!t+ Se%sor i%i *i!s!%#! terdiri d!ri 2 l!$is ,e%is $e%#!%di/ #!it"F Pert!m!/ Pe%#!%di rot!ri t!m*!h!% 4#!%& me%tr!%smisi!% ,"ml!h terte%t" d!ri $"ls! "%t" m!si%&-m!si%& $"t!r!%6 #!%& !!% mem*!%&it!% &elom*!%& ot! $!d! o*,e #!%& di$"t!r+ Ked"!/ Pe%#!%di !*sol"t 4#!%& mem$erle%&!$i
ode *i%!r#terte%t" "%t" m!si%&-m!si%& $osisi s"d"t6 mem$"%#!i (!r! er,! s!%& s!m! de%&!% $ere("!li!%/ le*ih *!%#! !t!" le*ih r!$!t $"ls! &elom*!%& ot! #!%& dih!sil!% sehi%&&! mem*e%t" s"!t" $e%&ode!% d!l!m s"s"%!% terte%t"+
. Sensor Suu
Terd!$!t @ ,e%is "t!m! se%sor s"h" #!%& "m"m di&"%!!%/ #!it" thermo(o"$le 4T:C6- lih!t &!m*!r 3+=/ resist!%(e tem$er!t"re
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 30
II+=+> Se%sor Pe%#!di
https://www.google.co.i/search! q=Sensor+"en#ani+$%ncoer
dete(tor 4RTD6/ termistor d!% IC se%sor+Thermo(o"$le $!d! i%ti%#! terdiri d!ri se$!s!%& tr!%sd"ser $!%!s d!% di%&i% #!%& dis!m*"%&!% d!% dile*"r *ers!m!/ dim!%! terd!$!t $er*ed!!% #!%& tim*"l !%t!r! s!m*"%&!% terse*"t de%&!% s!m*"%&!% re)ere%si #!%& *er)"%&si se*!&!i $em*!%di%&+Resist!%(e Tem$er!t"re Dete(tor 4RTD6 memilii $ri%si$ d!s!r $!d! t!h!%!% listri d!ri lo&!m #!%& *er!ri!si se*!%di%& de%&!% s"h"+ Kese*!%di%&!% !ri!si i%i !d!l!h $resisi de%&!% ti%&!t o%siste%:est!*il!% #!%& ti%&&i $!d! $e%detesi!% t!h!%!%+ Pl!ti%! !d!l!h *!h!% #!%& seri%& di&"%!!% !re%! memilii t!h!%!% s"h"/ eli%e!r !%/ st!*ilit!s d!% re$rod"si*ilit!s+ Termistor !d!l!h resistor #!%& $e! terh!d!$ $!%!s #!%& *i!s!%#! mem$"%#!i oe)isie% s"h" %e&!ti)/ !re%! s!!t s"h" me%i%&!t m!! t!h!%!% me%"r"% !t!" se*!li%#!+ 1e%is i%i s!%&!t $e! de%&!% $er"*!h!% t!h!% $er C sehi%&&! m!m$" me%detesi $er"*!h!% s"h" #!%& e(il+ Sed!%&!% IC Se%sor !d!l!h se%sor s"h" de%&!% r!%&!i!% ter$!d" #!%& me%&&"%!!% (hi$silio% "%t" elem!h!% $e%&i%der!%#!+ Mem$"%#!i o%)i&"r!si o"t$"t te&!%&!% d!% !r"s #!%& s!%&!t li%e!r+
II./%a'am(%a'am D4
K!t"$ $e%&!r!h sistem eletri 4 Directional Control Valve 7 DC6 !d!l!h s"!t" !l!t #!%& me%erim! $eri%t!h d!ri l"!r "%t" mele$!s/ me%&he%ti!%
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 33
II+=+ Se%sor s"h"
https://www.google.co.i/search!
!t!" me%&!r!h!% )l"id! #!%& mel!l"i !t"$ terse*"t de%&!% sistem $e%&&er!%#! me%&&"%!!% eletri+
Co%toh ,e%is !t"$ $e%&!r!h K!t"$ @:. Pe%&&er! leer/ K!t"$ $e%&!r!h de%&!% $iri%& $"t!r/ !t"$ de%&!% $e&!s *i!s+
M!(!m-m!(!m K!t"$ Pe%&!r!h Kh"s"s
36 Check Valve !d!l!h !t"$ s!t" !r!h/ *er)"%&si se*!&!i $e%&!r!h !lir!% d!% ,"&! se*!&!i pressure control 4$e%&o%trol te!%!%6
26 Pilot Operated Check Valve/ !t"$ i%i dir!%(!%& "%t" !lir!% (!ir!% hidroli #!%& d!$!t me%&!lir *e*!s $!d! s!t" !r!h d!% me%"t"$ $!d! !r!h l!;!%%#!/ e("!li !d! te!%!% (!ir!% #!%& d!$!t mem*"!%#!+ .6 K!t"$ Pe%&!t"r Te!%!%/ te!%!% (!ir!% hidroli di!t"r "%t" *er*!&!i
t","!% mis!l%#! "%t" mem*!t!si te!%!% o$er!sio%!l d!l!m sistem hidroli/ "%t" me%&!t"r te!%!% !&!r $e%&&er! hidroli d!$!t *eer,! se(!r! *er"r"t!%/ "%t" me%&"r!%&i te!%!% #!%& me%&!lir
d!l!m s!l"r!% terte%t" me%,!di e(il+
M!(!m-m!(!m !t"$ $e%&!t"r te!%!% !d!l!h
• Relief Valve/ di&"%!!% "%t" me%&!t"r te!%!% #!%& *eer,! $!d! sistem d!% ,"&! me%(e&!h ter,!di%#! *e*!% le*ih !t!" te!%!% #!%& mele*ihi em!m$"!% r!%&!i!% hidroli+
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 32
G!m*!r II+> DC Eletri
http://h#ra(licspne(matics.com/site)
*les/h#ra(licspne(matics.com/*les/(ploas/21, /-/niersal0#3S%,3.pg
• Seuence Valve/ *er)"%&si "%t" me%&!t"r te!%!% "%t" me%&"r"t!% $eer,!!% #!it" me%&&er!!% sili%der hidroli #!%& s!t" em"di!% *!r" #!%& l!i%+
• Pressure reducing valve/ *er)"%&si "%t" me%"r"%!% te!%!% )l"id! #!%& me%&!lir $!d! s!l"r!% er,! !re%! $e%&&er! #!%& !!% me%erim!%#! dides!i% de%&!% te!%!% #!%& le*ih re%d!h+ @6 Flo! Control Valve/ !t"$ i%i di&"%!!% "%t" me%&!t"r ol"me !lir!%
#!%& *er!rti me%&!t"r e(e$!t!% &er! !(t"!tor 4$isto%6+ "%&si !t"$ i%i "%t" mem*!t!si e(e$!t!% m!sim"m &er!!% $isto% !t!" motor hidroli/ "%t" mem*!t!si d!#! #!%& *eer,! $!d! sistem d!% me%#eim*!%&!% !lir!% #!%& me%&!lir $!d! (!*!%&-(!*!%& r!%&!i!%+
M!(!m-m!(!m d!ri Flo! Control Valve
• Fixed flo! control" #!it" !$!*il! $e%&!t"r!% !lir!% tid! d!$!t *er"*!h-"*!h #!it" mel!l"i fixed orifice+
• Variable flo! control" #!it" !$!*il! $e%&!t"r!% !lir!% d!$!t *er"*!h-"*!h ses"!i de%&!% e$erl"!%
• Flo! control #!%& dile%&!$i de%&!% check valve#
• Flo! control #!%& dile%&!$i de%&!% relief valve &"%! me%#eim*!%&!% te!%!%+
II. %a'am(%a'am Aktuator
At"!tor : $e%&&er! d!l!m $e%&erti!% listri !d!l!h seti!$ !l!t #!%& me%&"*!h si%#!l listri me%,!di &er!!% me!%is+ Bi!s! di&"%!!% se*!&!i $roses l!%,"t!% d!ri el"!r!% s"!t" $roses ol!h d!t! #!%& dih!sil!% oleh s"!t" se%sor !t!" o%troler+ P!d! i%str"me%t!si !t"!tor se*!&!i o"t$"t ter!hir se*!&!i $e%er"s $eri%t!h d!ri (o%troller "%t" mel!"!% ti%d!!% ese"si:oresi+ Terdiri d!ri . ,e%is $oo
Beri"t *er*!&!i ,e%is !t"!tor ses"!i de%&!% $ri%si$ er,!%#! #!it"
• At"!tor listri At"!tor te%!&! eletris/ *i!s!%#! di&"%!!% sele%oid/ motor !r"s se!r!h 4mesi% DC6+ Si)!t m"d!h di!t"r de%&!% torsi e(il s!m$!i sed!%&+
• At"!tor hidroli At"!tor te%!&! hidr!"li/ torsi #!%& *es!r o%str"si%#! s"!r+
• At"!tor $%e"m!ti At"!tor te%!&! $%e"m!ti/ s"!r die%d!li!%+
Aktuator 0le'tri'
At"!tor eletri mer"$!!% !(t"!tor #!%& mem$"%#!i $ri%si$ er,! me%&"*!h si%#!l eletri me%,!di &er!!% me!%i+ Beri"t m!(!m-m!(!m !(t"!tor eletri+ • Sole%oid+ • Motor ste$$er+ • Motor DC+ • Br"shless DC-motors+ • Motor I%d"si+ • Motor Si%ro%+ Aktuator Pneumatik
At"!tor $%e"m!ti !d!l!h !t"!tor #!%& mem!%)!!t!% "d!r! *ert e!%!% me%,!di &er!!% me!%i+ De%&!% mem*eri!% "d!r! *erte!%!% $!d! s!t" sisi $erm"!!% $isto% 4!r!h m!,"6/ sed!%&!% sisi #!%& l!i% !r!h
m"%d"r6 ter*"! e !tmos)ir/ m!! &!#! di*eri!% $!d! sisi $erm"!!% $isto% terse*"t sehi%&&! *!t!%& $isto% !!% terdoro%& el"!r s!m$!i
me%(!$!i $osisi m!sim"m d!% *erhe%ti+
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3@ G!m*!r 2+ At"!tor Eletri htt$::;;;+&"%t"rs!%,!#!+(om:203.:32:,e%is-!t"!tor-$ri%si$-er,!-m!(!m+html G!m*!r 2++3 At"!tor P%e"m!ti htt$::;;;+&"%t"rs!%,!#!+(om:203.:32:,e%is-!t"!tor-$ri%si$-er,!-m!(!m+html
Aktuator Hidrolik
At"!tor hidroli mer"$!!% !t"!tor #!%& mem!%)!!t!% !lir!% )l "id!:oli *erte!%!% me%,!di &er!!% me!%i+ S!m! se$erti h!l%#! $!d! sistem $%e"m!ti/ !t"!tor hidroli d!$!t *er"$! sili%der t!$i i%$"t%#! hidroli+
II.5 Po6er Suppl*
Pe%&erti!% Po;er S"$$l# !d!l!h se*!&!i !l!t !t!" $er!%&!t er!s #!%& m!m$" me%#"$l!i te%!&! !t!" te&!%&!% listri se(!r! l!%&s"%& d!ri s"m*er te&!%&!% listri e te&!%&!% listri #!%& l!i%%#!+ Po;er s"$$l# *i!s!%#! di&"%!!% "%t" om$"ter se*!&!i $e%&h!%t!r te&!%&!% listri se(!r! l!%&s"%&
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3
G!m*!r 2++2 At"!tor P%e"m!ti
htt$::;;;+&"%t"rs!%,!#!+(om:203.:32:,e%is-!t"!tor-$ri%si$-er,!-m!(!m+html
e$!d! om$o%e%-om$o%e% !t!" $er!%&!t er!s l!i%%#! #!%& !d! di om$"ter terse*"t/ se$erti h!rdis/ i$!s/ mother*o!rd d!% l!i% se*!&!i%#!+ Po;er s"$$l# memilii i%$"t d!ri te&!%&!% #!%& *er!r"s !lter%!ti%& ("rre%t 4AC6 d!% me%&"*!h%#! me%,!di !r"s dire(t ("rre%t 4DC6 l!l" me%#!l"r!%%#! e *er*!&!i $er!%&!t er!s #!%& !d! diom$"ter it!+ K!re%! mem!%& !r"s dire(t ("rre%t 4DC6-l!h #!%& di*"t"h!% "%t" $er!%&!t er!s !&!r d!$!t *ero$er!si/ dire(t ("rre%t *i!s! dise*"t ,"&! se*!&!i !r"s #!%& se!r!h sed!%&!% !lter%!ti%& ("rre%t mer"$!!% !r"s #!%& *erl!;!%!%+
Pe%&erti!% Po;er S"$$l# se(!r! "m"m d!l!m se*"!h om$"ter !d!l!h se*!&!i !l!t *!%t" o%erter te&!%&!% listri $!d! om$"ter #!%& d!$!t me%&"*!h te&!%&!% listri #!%& memilii !r"s AC e !r"s DC sehi%&&! sem"! h!rd;!re #!%& mem*"t"h!% te&!%&!% listri #!%& *er!r"s DC me%d!$!t!% te&!%&!% listri #!%& se(!r! l!%&s"%& di*eri!% oleh $o;er s"$$l# i%i+ Oleh !re%! it"
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3=
G!m!*!r II+ Po;er S"$$l#
d!l!m seti!$ om$"ter #!%& !d! s!!t i%i/ $o;er s"$$l# mer"$!!% s"!t" $er!%&!t er!s #!%& $!li%& di*"t"h!% "%t" me%,!l!%!% om$"ter/ ,i! $o;er
s"$$l# tid! !d! !t!" tid! *is! di&"%!!%/ m!! om$"ter tid! !!% d!$!t me%#!l! t!%$! $o;er s"$$l# i%i+
Me%"r"t ,e%is%#!/ $o;er s"$$l# di*!&i me%,!di 2 ,e%is/ #!it" $o;er s"$$l# AT d!% $o;er s"$$l# AT+ Dim!%! $o;er s"$$l# AT h!%#! di &"%!!% $!d! !;!l-!;!l di*"!t%#! om$"ter d!% h!%#! s!m$!i e om$"ter #!%& memilii $rosesor $e%ti"m 2/ s!!t i%i tid! di&"%!!% l!&i $o;er s"$$l# AT !re%! $o;er s"$$l# ,e%is i%i tid! l!&i m!m$" mem*eri!% d!#! listri #!%& (""$ "%t" om$"ter
m!s! i%i/ sert! sistem $e%&o$er!si!%%#! $"% m!sih m!%"!l (o%toh%#! h!r"s me%e!% tom*ol o% !t!" o)) "%t" mem!ti!% d!% me%#!l!!%%#!/ l!i% h!l%#! de%&!% $o;er s"$$l# *er,e%is AT ,e%is i%i mer"$!!% $o;er s"$$l# m!s! i%i #!%& memilii d!#! listri #!%& ti%&&i "%t" meme%"hi st!%d!rt om$"ter m!s! i%i/ sert! $e%&o$er!si!%%#! $"% otom!tis/ d!% terd!$!t t!m*!h!% o%etor $o;er SATA+ Di!t!s mer"$!!% *e*er!$! Pe%&erti!% Po;er S"$$l# se(!r! "m"m+
II.17 Pus 8utton
S!l!r mer"$!!% om$o%e% eletro%i! #!%& *er)"%&si "%t" me%&h"*"%&!% d!% mem"t"s!% d"! titi !t!" le*ih d!l!m s"!t" r!%&!i!% eletro%i!+ S!l!h s!t" ,e%is s!l!r !d!l!h s!l!r P"sh ON #!it" s!l!r #!%& h!%#! !!% me%&h"*"%&!% d"! titi !t!" le*ih $!d! s!!t tom*ol%#! dite!% d!% $!d! s!!t tom*ol%#! tid! dite!% m!! !!% mem"t"s!% d"! titi !t!" le*ih d!l!m s"!t" r!%&!i!% eletro%i!+
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3>
G!m*!r 2+30
P"sh B"tto% d!% Sim*ol
htt$::eletro%i!-d!s!r+;e*+id:om$o%e%:limit-s;it(h-d!%-s!l!r-$"sh-o%:
II.11 !oil Dan Solenoid !oil
Mer"$!!% om$o%e% "t!m! rel!# #!%& di&"%!!% "%t" me%(i$t!!% med!% m!&%et+ Rel!# !d!l!h s"!t" $er!%ti #!%& *eer,! *erd!s!r!% eletrom!&%eti "%t" me%&&er!!% se,"ml!h o%t!tor #!%& ters"s"% !t!" se*"!h s!l!r eletro%is #!%& d!$!t die%d!li!% d!ri r!%&!i!% eletro%i l!i%%#! de%&!% mem!%)!!t!% te%!&! listri se*!&!i s"m*er e%er&i%#!+
Solenoid
Sole%oid !d!l!h !l!t #!%& d!$!t me%&"*!h e%er&i listri me%,!di e%er&i me!%i !t!" li%ier+ Sole%oid #!%& $!li%& "m"m *i!s!%#! me%&&"%!!% med!% m!&%et #!%& di*"!t d!ri !r"s listri #!%& ditri&&er se*!&!i !si er,! doro%& !t!" t!ri $!d! se*"!h o*,e se*!&!i strarter" valve" s!itch d!% latches#
1e%is $!li%& sederh!%! d!ri sole%oid! me%&!%d!l!% d"! !s$e "t!m! "%t" )"%&si sole%oid terse*"t/ #!it" se*"!h !;!t 4!t!" *ere%!mel6 terisol!si #!%&di*e%t" me%,!di &"l"%&!% et!t/ d!% *!t!%& #!%& ter*"!t d!ri *esi !t!" *!,!+ B!t!%& *esi !t!" *!,! mer"$!!% )erom!&%eti/ se*"!h $ro$erti #!%& d!$!t *er)"%&si se*!&!i
eletrom!&%eti s!!t di*eri !r"s listri+
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3
G!m*!r 2+33 Koil d!% Sim*ol htt$::eletro%i!-d!s!r+;e*+id
Keti! di*eri !r"s listri/ !;!t #!%& di*e%t" me%,!di oil me%erim! !r"s+ Med!% m!&%et #!%& dih!sil!% me%!ri *esi !t!" *!t!%& *!,! de%&!% "!t+ B!t!%& #!%& dih"*"%&!% $!d! se*"!h $e&!s *er&er! e "m$!r!% d!% !!% tet!$ $!d! $osisi%#! s!m$!i !r"s dihe%ti!%/ o%disi $e&!s s!!t i%i me%,!di terte!%+ Keti! !r"s dim!ti!%/ $e&!s em*!li e $osisi sem"l! d!% me%!ri *!t!%& *esi !t!" *!,! $!d! $osisi !;!l%#!+
II.12 Limit s6it'
Limit s;i(h !d!l!h s!l!r $em*!t!s eletrome!%is #!%& mem$"%#!i t"!s !t"!tor se*!&!i $e%&"*!h $osisi o%t! termi%!l d!ri %orm!lli o$e%: %orm!lli (lose !t!"$"% se*!li%#! limit s;it(h ,"&! h!%#! mem$"%#!i d"! o%disi #!it" me%&h"*"%&!% !t!" mem"t"s!% !lir!% !r"s listri 4 o%:o))6+
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3 G!m*!r 2+33 Sole%oid
htt$::(!%t!ri-di!%si+*lo&s$ot+(om:2032:0>:d(-sole%oid+html
G!m*!r II+32 limit s;it(h
II.13 Pressure -elie" 4al9e
Pressure relief valve (PRV) adalah sebuah alat instrument yang bekerja saat adanya over pressure pada inlet nozzle. Di desain untuk terbuka secara
proporsional saat adanya abnormal (dalam hal ini over pressure) pada sebuah
plant dan akan menutup saat plant kembali normal (normal pressure).
II.1 8edan*a Arus Positi" Dan :egati"
Ar"s $ositi) !d!l!h !tod! #!it" eletrod! d!l!m sel el!troimi! #!%& ter$ol!ris!si ,i! !r"s listri me%&!lir el"!r d!ri%#!+ P!d! *!ter!i *i!s! 4B!ter!i K!r*o%-Se%&6/ #!%& me%,!di !tod! !d!l!h se%&/ #!%& ,"&! me%,!di $em*"%&"s *!ter!i+ Sed!%&!%/ $!d! *!ter!i !l!li%/ #!%& me%,!di !tod! !d!l!h m!%&!%
diosid! 4M%O26+
Ar"s %e&!ti) !d!l!h !%od! #!it" *is! *er"$! lo&!m m!"$"% $e%&h!%t!r listri l!i%/ $!d! sel eletroimi! #!%& ter$ol!ris!si ,i! !r"s listri me%&!lir e d!l!m%#!+
Ar"s listri me%&!lir *erl!;!%!% de%&!% !r!h $er&er!!% eletro%+ P!d! $roses eletroimi!/ *!i sel &!l!%i4*!ter!i6 m!"$"% sel eletrolisis/ !%ode
me%&!l!mi osid!si+
II.1$ Skema Sistem 0lektromekanik
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 20
G!m!*!r II+3. Press"re Relie) !le
D!ri o%str"si rel!i eletro me!%i di!t!s d!$!t di"r!i!% sistem er,! !t!" $roses rel!# *eer,!+ P!d! s!!t eletrom!&%et tid! di*eri!% s"m*er
te&!%&!% m!! tid! !d! med!% m!&%et #!%& me%!ri !rm!t"re/ sehi%&&! s!l!r rel!# tet!$ terh"*"%& e termi%!l NC 4Norm!ll# Close6 se$erti terlih!t $!d! &!m*!r o%str"si di!t!s+ Kem"di!% $!d! s!!t eletrom!&%et di*eri!% s"m*er te&!%&!% m!! terd!$!t med!% m!&%et #!%& me%!ri !rm!t"re/ sehi%&&! s!l!r rel!# terh"*"%& e termi%!l NO 4Norm!ll# O$e%6 se$erti terlih!t $!d! &!m*!r di*!;!h+
II.1& Skema Sistem Hidrolik
Ada dua macam sistem hidrolik yang dikenal yaitu :
1. Sistem +erbuka.
D!l!m sistem i%i/ *il! !t"$ $e%&o%trol d!l!m e!d!!% %etr!l m!!
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 23
G!m*!r II+3 NC 4Norm!ll# Close6
http://ele%troni%a&dasar.web.id/teori&relay&ele%tro& me%ani%/
G!m*!r II+3+3 NO 4Norm!ll# O$e%6
http://ele%troni%a&dasar.web.id/teori&relay&ele%tro& me%ani%/
!lir!% mi%#! hidroli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! l!%&s"%& diem*!li!% e t!%&i hidroli d!% *erh"*"%&!% l!%&s"%& de%&!% "d!r! l"!r se*el"m di$om$! l!&i+ P!d! s!!t it" !$!sit!s !lir!% mi%#! hidroli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! me%(!$!i m!sim"m sed!%& te!%!%%#! mi%im"m 4!tm6+ Ke"%t"%&!% sistem i%i !%t!r! l!i% tid! mem*"t"h!% sistem $e%&o%trol!% terh!d!$ !$!sit!s !lir!% $om$! d!% ,"&! $om$! #!%&
di&"%!!% o%str"si%#! rel!ti) sederh!%!/ sehi%&&! sistem i%i eo%omis d!% m"d!h d!l!m $er!;!t!%%#!+
2. Sistem +ertutup
Bil! !t"$ $e%&o%trol d!l!m e!d!!% %etr!l m!! !lir!% oli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! hidroli me%"," e sistem me%,!di tert"t"$ d!% tid! *erh"*"%&!% l!%&s"%& de%&!% "d!r! l"!r 4!tmos)er6+ De%&!% demii!%
m!! te!%!% !%t!r! $om$! d!% !t"$ $e%&o%trol !!% %!i s!m$!i *!t!s terte%t"+ Te!%!% terse*"t em"di!% di&"%!!% "%t" sistem $e%&o%trol!% sehi%&&! $om$! !!% *erhe%ti me%&!lir!% mi%#! hidroli e d!l!m sistem hidroli+ Ke"%t"%&!% sistem i%i !%t!r! l!i% d!$!t me%&h!sil!% &er!!% #!%& rel!ti) st!*il sehi%&&! tid! !!% ter,!di $e%"r"%!% &er!!% $erle%&!$!% er,! #!%& dise*!*!% *el"m ter(!$!i%#! te!%!% mi%#!
hidroli $!d! s!!t $i%d!h &er!!%+
Ad! d"! )!tor $oo #!%& me%e%t"!% er,! d!ri s"!t" sistem hidroli
3+ Alir!% oli 4)lo;6 #!%& di%#!t!!% d!l!m liter:me%it !t!" &!lo% $er me%it 4&$m6
2+ Te!%!% 4$ress"re6 #!%& di%#!t!!% d!l!m &:(m2 !t!" $si 4$o"%d $er s"!re i%(h6
Ked"! )!tor terse*"t mem*eri!% i%di!si se%diriJse%diri/ )lo; !t!" !lir!% mem*eri!% i%di!si e(e$!t!%+ K!l!" !lir!% oli *ert!m*!h te%t" e(e$!t!% sili%der !t!" motor !!% *ert!m*!h $"l!/ *e&it" ,"&! se*!li%#!+ Te!%!% !t!" $ress"re !!% mem*eri!% i%di!si e"!t!%
!t!" &!#!+ 1!di !l!" te!%!% oli #!%& di $erl"!% tid! (""$ te%t" te%!&! #!%& dih!sil!% !!% *er"r!%& $"l!+
II.1/ Aplikasi Di Industri
Hidroli! I%d"stri *i!s!%#! di&"%!!% "%t" Mesi% Pl!sti 4$l!sti( m!(hi%es6
Mesi% Pres 4$ressi%& m!(hi%es6 Mesi% Ber!t 4he!# m!(hi%er#6 Mesi% Pe!!s
Mesi% $e%&",i!% t!ri/ dll+
Per!%&!t hidroli $!d! $!*ri *!,!/ Te%i Si$il d!% $"s!t $em*!%&it listri
8%t" K"%(i Ger*!%& d!% Be%d"%&!% 4Lo( &!tes !%d D!ms6 Per!l!t!% "%t" O$er!si 1em*!t!%
Bid!%& Pert!m*!%&!% T"r*i%
P"s!t te%!&! N"lir/ dll+
Hidroli $!d! mesi% mo*il Es!!tor d!% Cr!%e mo*il Mesi% o%str"si
Mesi% "%t" $ert!%i!%
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2.
G!m*!r II+3= Hidroli Sistem
Mesi% Pe%("(i!% mo*il 4(!r ;!shi%&6
Ko%str"si mo*il 4sho( !*sor*er/ Po;er steeri%&6/ dll+
Hidroli $!d! $e%er!$!% te%i h"s"s Teleso$
O$er!si A%te%!
Al!t $e%d!r!t!% d!% $e%&o%trol!% em"di $es!;!t Mesi% h"s"s
Me,!-me,! o$er!si di r"m!h s!it/ dll+
Hidr!"li $!d! *id!%& $er!$!l!% Pe%&o%trol em"di
Pi%t" !$!l 4r!m door6
1em*!t!% $e%#e*er!%&!% !$!l Pe%!ri ,!%&!r/ dll+
Ri%&!s!% i%i tid! me%(!"$ sel"r"h *id!%& $e%er!$!% hidroli! !re%! ,e%is ,e%is mesi% #!%& dio$er!si!% se(!r! hidroli s!%&!t *!%#!/ N!m"% demii!% it! d!$!t melih!t *!h;! hidroli! d!$!t diter!$!% $!d!
sel"r"h setor-setor i%d"stri+
II.1 4iskositas
isosit!s mer"$!!% ""r!% ee%t!l!% )l"id! #!%& me%#!t!!% *es!r e(il%#! &ese!% di d!l!m )l"id!+ M!i% *es!r isosit!s s"!t"
)l"id!/ m!! m!i% s"lit s"!t" )l"id! me%&!lir d!% m!i% s"lit s"!t" *e%d! *er&er! di d!l!m )l"id! terse*"t+ Di d!l!m '!t (!ir/ isosit!s dih!sil!%
oleh &!#! ohesi !%t!r! mole"l '!t (!ir+ Sed!%&!% d!l!m
&!s/ isosit!s tim*"l se*!&!i !i*!t t"m*"!% !%t!r! mole"l &!s+ II.15 Indeks 4iskositas
l%des isosit!s !d!l!h s"!t" t!%d! $er"*!h!% d!ri $er"*!h!% r!t!r!t! isosit!s )l"id! ses"!i de%&!% $er"*!h!% $!d! s"h" terte%t"+ S"!t" )l"id! #!%& mem$"%#!i isosit!s se(!r! rel!ti) st!*il $!d!
$er*ed!!% s"h" #!%& *es!r/ )l"id! terse*"t mem$"%#!i i%des isosit!s #!%& ti%&&i+ Oli hidroli h!r"s mem$"%#!i i%des isosit!s seit!r 300+ D!% h!m$ir sem"! ,e%is oli mem$"%#!i *!h!%-*!h!% t!m*!h #!%& dise*"t $e%!m*!h i%des isosit!s "%t" me%i%&!t!% !%&! i%des isosit!s le*ih d!ri 300+ Ahir-!hir i%i/ $em*eri!% *!h!% t!m*!h!% se(!r! imi! mel!l"i $e%#"li%&!% tel!h ter*"ti me%i%&!t!% i%des isosit!s *er,e%is-,e%is oli hi%&&! me%(!$!i di !t!s !%&! 300+ l%des isosit!s s!%&!tl!h di$erl"!% !$!*il! $er!%&!t hidroli *ero$er!si $!d! s"h"-s"h" #!%& s!%&!t estrim+
II;27 Anti Foaming
Ger!!% sistem hidroli #!%& *e%!r !d!l!h *erd!s!r!% )!t! *!h;! )l"id!: oli $!d! d!s!r%#! tid! *is! di $!m$!t!%+ A$!*il! )l"id!:oli *er(!m$"r de%&!% "d!r! !t!" foam 4*"ih6 !!% me%&!i*!t!% oli hidroli *is! terom$resi sehi%&&! ter,!di &!%&&"!% &elem*"%& "d!r! di d!l!m oil
4 *er*"s!6/ h!l demii!% *is! me%&!i*!t!% &!%&"!% o$er!si d!% er"s!!% $!r!h $!d! om$o%e% !re%! e"r!%&!% $el"m!s!%+ B!h!% !dditie !%ti *"ih 4!%ti )o!mi%& !dditie6 di t!m*!h!%
ed!l!m )l"id!: oli hidroli "%t" me%(e&!h ter,!di%#! &elem*"%& J &elem*"%& "d!r! d!% "%t" me%&"r!%&i $roses foaming 4 ter,!di%#! oli *er*"s!6+
II.21 Anti #ksidasi
P!d! t!h!$ terte%t" sem"! oli *er(!m$"r de%&!% osi&e% d!ri "d!r!+ Osi&e% #!%& *erle*ih !!% me%&"*!h om$osisi
imi! )l"id! d!% mem*e%t" !s!m d!% tim*"%!% #!%& mer"&i!%+ 8%t" me%&!t!si m!s!l!h i%i/ )l"id!: oli di *eri *!h!% t!m*!h!% 4!dditie6 #!%& di se*"t !dditie !%ti osid!si+
II.22 +ekanan 0kstrim
Te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih *es!r 4ti%&&i6 !t!" te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih re%d!h d!ri te!%!% "d!r! %orm!l 43 !tm6+ Beer,! di d!l!m
li%&"%&!% er,! #!%& te!%!% "d!r!%#! le*ih *es!r d!ri te!%!% "d!r! %orm!l tel!h die%!l se,! !d!%#! $eer,!!% #!%& dil!"!% di li%&"%&!%
#!%& ed!$ !ir 4(!isso% ;or6/ dim!%! or!%& mel!"!% $eer,!!% di *!;!h te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih *es!r d!ri 3 !tm+
II.23 Head Losses
He!d Losses !d!l!h s"!t" %il!i "%t" me%&et!h"i se*er!$!
*es!r%#! red"si te!%!% tot!l 4tot!l he!d6 #!%& di!i*!t!% oleh )l"id! s!!t mele;!ti sistem $e%&!lir!%+ Tot!l he!d/ se$erti it! et!h"i
mer"$!!% om*i%!si d!ri ele!tio% he!d 4te!%!% !re%! eti%&&i!% s"!t" )l"id!6/ elo(it# he!d/ 4te!%!% !re%! Ke(e$!t!% !lir s"!t" )l"id!6 d!% $ress"re he!d 4te!%!% %orm!l d!ri )l"id! it" se%diri6 + He!dloss tid! d!$!t dihi%d!r!% $!d! $e%er!$!% sistem $e%&!lir!% )l"id! dil!$!%&!%+ He!d loss d!$!t ter,!di !re%!
3+ Gese!% !%t!r! )l"id! d!% di%di%& $i$!
2+ risi !%t!r! ses!m! $!rtiel $em*e%t" )l"id! terse*"t
.+ d!% t"r*"le%si #!%& di!i*!t!% s!!t !lir!% di *elo!% !r!h%#! !t!" h!l l!i% se$erti mis!l%#! $er"*!h!% !i*!t om$o%e% $er$i$!!% 4!le/ )lo; red"(er/ !t!" r!%6+
Kehil!%&!% !re%! )risi:&ese!% !d!l!h *!&i!% d!ri tot!l he!dloss #!%& ter,!di s!!t !lir!% )l"id! mele;!ti s"!t" $i$! l"r"s+ He!dloss $!d! s"!t" )l"id! $!d! "m"m%#! *er*!%di%& l"r"s de%&!% $!%,!%& $i$! / %il!i "!dr!t d!ri e(e$!t!% )l"id! d!% %il!i )risi )l"id! #!%& dise*"t )!tor )risi+ d!% ,"&! %il!i he!dloss *er*!%d%& ter*!li de%&!% di!meter $i$!+ II.2 Fluida
Fluida !d!l!h s"!t" '!t #!%& *is! me%&!l!mi $er"*!h!%- $er"*!h!% *e%t"%#! se(!r! (o%ti%"e:ter"s-me%er"s *il! tere%!
te!%!%:&!#! &eser ;!l!"$"% rel!ti) e(il !t!t" *is! ,"&! di!t!!% s"!t" '!t #!%& me%&!lir/ !t! )l"id! me%(!"$ '!t (!ir/ &!s/ !ir/ d!% "d!r! !re%! '!t-'!t i%i d!$!t me%&!lir+
Se*!li%#! *!t" d!% *e%d!2 er!s 4sel"r"h '!t-'!t $!d!t tid! d!$!t di!te&ori!% se*!&!i )l"id! !re%! '!t-'!t terse*"t tid! *is! me%&!lir
se(!r! (o%ti%"e6+
Fluida !d!l!h &"&"s!% #!%& ters"s"% !t!s mole"l2 de%&!% ,!r! $is!h #!%& (""$ *es!r untuk gasd!% ,!r! $is!h #!%& (""$ e(il "%t" <at 'air+ Mole"l2 terse*"t tid! d!$!t teri!t $!d! s"!t" sisi/ mel!i%!% '!t-'!t terse*"t s!li%& *er&er! *e*!s terh!d!$ s!t" de%&!% #!%& l!i%%#!+
Fluida mer"$!!% s!l!h '!t-'!t #!%& *is! me%&!lir #!%& mem$"%#!i $!rtiel e(il s!m$i !s!t m!t! d!% mere! de%&!% m"d!h "%t" *er&er!
sert! *er"*!h-"*!h *e%t" t!%$! $emis!h!% m!ss!+
Ket!h!%!% )l"id! terh!d!$ $er"*!h!% *e%t" s!%&!t e(il sehi%&&! )l"id! d!$!t de%&!% m"d!h me%&i"ti *e%t" r"!%&+
Fluida !d!l!h *e%d! #!%& d!$!t me%&!l!mi $er"*!h!% *e%t" se(!r! ter"s me%er"s !re%! &!#! &ese #!%& *eer,! terh!d!$%#!+
l"id! di *!&i me%,!di2 *!&i!% di !%t!r!%#! !d!l!h
3+ Fluidan ststis ,"luida *ang diam
2+ Fluida dinamis ,"luida *ang bergerak
II.2$ Fluida kompresible dan Inkompresible Aliran inkompresibel
Alir!% i%om$resi*el !d!l!h Alir!% )l"id! #!%& tid! *is! dim!m$!t!%+ l"id! #!%& tid! d!$!t dim!m$!t!% dise*"t )l"id! i
%om$resi*le (o%toh%#! !ir+
P!d! !ir $er"*!h!% tot!l de%sit!s d!l!m &er!!% )l"id! e(il se!li sehi%&&! d!$!t di!*!i!%+
=
LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2>G!m*!r II+2 l"id! I%om$resi*le
htt$s::;;;+&oo&le+(o+id:se!r(h
Fluida kompresibel
Alir!% om$resi*el !d!l!h !lir!% )l"id! #!%& d!$!t dim!m$!t!%+
