i
2.2.1.1. Behavioral Learning Theories and Language Learning ... 26
2.2.2.1. Behaviorioral Learning Theories and E-learning ... 27
2.2.2. Cognitive Learning Theories ... 33
2.2.2.1. Cognitive Theories and Language Learning ... 36
2.2.2.2. Cognitive Learning Theories and E-learning ... 38
2.2.3. Constructivist Theory ... 44
2.2.3.1. Constructivist Theory and E-learning ... 47
2.2.4. Social Learning Theories ... 50
2.2.4.1. Social Theories and Language Learning ... 54
2.2.4.2. Social Theories and E- learning ... 55
2.3. Theory of Language; Language as Communication ... 58
2.4. Principles of Material Development ... 63
2.4.1. Materials Design and Presentation in Web-based Learning Environment ... 65
2.4.2. The Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization ... 67
2.5. Learning Management System ... 70
ii
Chapter III Research Methodology ... 79
3.1. Research Problems ... 79
3.4.2. Choosing Learning Management System (LMS) and Adapting Teaching and Learning Materials ... 85
3.4.3. Trying Out the Model ... 88
Chapter IV Finding and Discussion ... 98
4.1. The Condition of Teaching and Learning of Junior High School ... 99
4.1.1. Teachers' Understanding of the Teaching and Learning Objectives ... 99
4.1.2. Teaching Method at Junior High School ... 101
4.1.3. English Teaching Materials, Role of the Students and Learning Facilities ... 102
4.2. Development and Presentation of the Web-based Model for TEFL ... 105
4.3. Learning Materials in the Learning Management System (LMS) ... 117
4.3.1. The Preparatory Stage ... 117
4.3.2. The “Uploading” of the Learning Materials into the System ... 117
4.4. The Tryout of Web-based Model for TEFL ... 129
4.4.1. Students’ Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL in the Tryout .. 129
4.4.2. Teachers’ Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL in Tryout ... 137
4.5. The Development of the Final Version of the Model ... 142
4.6. The influence of the Web-based Model for TEFL to the students' achievement ... 142
4.6.1. The Analysis of the Test Score of A School ... 143
4.6.2. The Analysis of the Test Score of B School ... 148
4.6.3. A School Students' Responses towards the Web-based Model ... 153
4.6.4. The Observation at A School ... 161
4.6.5. B School Students' Responses towards the Web-based Model ... 164
4.6.6. Teachers' Responses towards the Web-based Model for TEFL ... 172
Chapter V Conclusion, Recommendation and Limitation of the study ... 177
iii 5.2. Recommendation and Limitation of the Study ... 180 Bibliography . ... 181 Appendicies ... 199
Appendices
Appendix 1 Questionnaire on the Condition of Teaching and Learning at Junior High Schools
Appendix 2 Interview Guide for Teacher (to find out the teaching condition) Appendix 3 Guideline Observation Sheet for Students
Appendix 4 Guideline Observation Sheet for Teachers
Appendix 5 Questionnaire on the students’ and teacher’s response about the Web-based Model for TEFL (tryout)
Appendix 6 Interview Guide for Students
Appendix 7 Syllabus for Junior High School Class VIII, semester 1
Appendix 8 Scope and Sequence for Junior High School Class VIII, semester 1 Appendix 9 Guideline Observation Sheet for Students
Appendix 10 Guideline Observation Sheet for teachers
Appendix 11 Questionnaire on the students’ and teachers’ response about the Web-based Model for TEFL
Appendix 12 Sample of Online Learning Material for Junior High School Class VIII Appendix 13 Pre-test Score (A school)
