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The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra.

A publication of the International Linear Algebra Society.

Volume 8, pp. 14-25, February 2001.

ISSN 1081-3810. http://math.technion.ac.il/iic/ela

ELA

✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠✂☞☛✍✌✎✌✑✏☞✠✓✒☞✆✕✔✗✖✘✁✙✏✝✚✛☛✍✖✢✜✤✣☎✖✘✠✥✔✦✆✧✌★✖✘✜✪✩✂✫✬✖✢✠✂✩✝✆✟✠ ✭ ✖✘✁✯✮☞✜✰✖✢✱✲☛✳☞✁✴★✏✝✚✑✖✘✜✰✖✢✱✵✖✘✏✪✔✶✔✷✮✸✔✦✚✛✆✹✱✵✔✻✺

✼✾✽✻✿✻❀❂❁❃✽✦❄❆❅✗❇✴❈❉❄✯❅❊❇❂❋

●✓❍❏■▲❑◆▼◆❖◗P❘❑❚❙✸❯❲❱✡❳❩❨❭❬❫❪✙❴❛❵❘❴◗❜❞❝❞❡❉❢❚❣❤❳✐❨❃❜✟❥❦❜❧❳❩❨❭♠✍♥✑♠❘♦✷❳✐❨❭❜✟❵❘❱❛❵❘♣❣✍❪✐❬❫❪✙♠❘♦✻❵❘♣❫q✬❜❞❢❃❝r❵❘❬❫s✓s▲t❭❝❩✉✳❜▲❪☎❵❘❱❃♥✡❳✐❨❃❜✈♥❃❬✉❃❬❫❪❩❬❫♠✬❱ ❳❩❨❭❜▲♠✬❝✐❜▲❥✇♦①♠✬❝②❳❲③②♠④✉✬❵❘❝❩❬⑤❵❘❢❭♣❫❜▲❪✷❬❫❱✹⑥✹❡✍❳✐❨❭❜❂❱❃♠✬❱❭❜❧⑦❃❬❫❪⑧❳✐❜▲❱❭s▲❜✙♠❘♦❏❳✐❨❭❜⑨❵❘♣❫q✬❜▲❢❭❝✐❵❘❬❫s❂s▲t❭❝❩✉✳❜❂❪❩♠✬♣❫t❃❳✐❬❫♠✬❱✟♠❘♦❏❳✐❨❃❜❂❪✐❜▲s▲♠✬❱❭♥❃⑩❲♠✬❝❩♥❭❜▲❝ ❴◗♠✬♣❣❃❱❃♠✬❥❦❬⑤❵❘♣❶❵❘t❃❳✐♠✬❱❃♠✬❥❦♠✬t❭❪❂❪❩❣✍❪❩❳❩❜▲❥❦❪✗❬❫❱✛⑥❷❬❫❪❊♠✬❢❃❳✐❵❘❬❫❱❭❜▲♥❹❸⑨❺✷❨❭❜✙❝✐❜▲❪✐t❭♣❳❩❪❂❵❘❝❩❜❻♠❘♦✯❬❫❥❦❴❼♠✬❝⑧❳r❵❘❱✳❳❊❪❩❬❫q✬❱❭❬❽❛s❞❵❘❱❭s▲❜④❬❫❱✧❳❩❨❭❜

t❛❵❘♣❫❬❳r❵◆❳❩❬✉✳❜✹❳❩❨❭❜▲♠✬❝❩❣✘♠❘♦❊❴❼♠✬♣❣✍❱❭♠✬❥❦❬⑤❵❘♣✷❵❘t❃❳❩♠✬❱❭♠✬❥❦♠✬t❭❪✓❪⑧❣❃❪⑧❳✐❜▲❥❦❪☎❵❘❱❃♥✂❳❩❨❭❜✹❬❫❱✳❳❩❜❞q✬❝✐❵❘❢❭❬❫♣❫❬❳❲❣✘♠❘♦✗❱❭♠✬❱❭♣❫❬❫❱❭❜❞❵❘❝❦♠✬❝✐♥❃❬❫❱❛❵❘❝❩❣ ♥❭❬❿❼❜▲❝✐❜▲❱✳❳✐❬⑤❵❘♣➀❜

t❛❵◆❳❩❬❫♠✬❱❭❪➁❸ ➂✹➃❚➄✘➅❻➆

▼❘➇❏■✬❙

t❃❳❩♠✬❱❭♠✬❥❦♠✬t❭❪✦❪❩❣✍❪❩❳❩❜❞❥✧❡❃❵❘♣❫q✬❜▲❢❭❝r❵❘❬❫s❂s▲t❭❝⑧✉✳❜✬❡❛♥❭❬✉✍❬❫❪✐❬❫♠✬❱✓❳✐❨❭❜▲♠✬❝❩❜❞❥✧❡✍➈❆❵❘❱✟♥❭❜▲❝✻➉❶♠✬♣✾❜

t❛❵◆❳❩❬❫♠✬❱❹❸ ●✓➊➌➋✂■◆➍➀❍❹➎➃ P❘❑✓P❚➏➐❖◗■❞■◆➑❫➒❉P✬❖❭❑✬➑➆❹➓ ■✬❙✙➔❞→❘➉✻➔❞➣❃❡◗→❘↔ ✿ ➣✬↕

➙✯➛ ☛❚➜❆➝❚➞❛➟✷➠✗➡✻➢❼➝✍➤⑧➟✯➜ ➛➦➥❻➧✾➨❉➩❞➫➯➭❏➲✍➳☎➵➁➸❶➲✧➺➻➧✾➼①➼➽➧❛➾❦➫①➨❉➚✡➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼②➘◗➴❶➵➁➧❼➨❉➧❼➹★➧❼➴❉➩❦➩➁➶❏➩▲➵◆➲❚➹✸➷ ➬➱➮

✃✸❐❮❒❆❰

❒✘❐ÐÏ❊Ñ⑧✃✯Ò▲❒✧ÓÕÔ❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✬❰ Ñ▲Ö❭Ò

➾❦➸❶➲✍➳➁➲

Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐Ð×✶Ø Ù➽Ú②Û✻Ü

Ù

Ù➁Ý

Ô②Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐Ð×✶Þ Ù①Ú②Û✷Ô

Ù

Ù❞Ý

Ü

Ù

❰▲Ô Ù❊ß

Ý❶à ❰❞á

ß✝â

Ý

➘❼➨❉➭

Ü

Ø❆ã

Ô

Þ✡ä ❐❷å❉æ

ç

➵✓➫➯➩☎➾❻➲✍➼①➼②è➀➨❶➧❛➾❦➨✂➵➁➸❉➘◗➵❦➵➁➸❶➲➦➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼②➘◗➴❏➵◆➧❼➨❶➧✾➹★➧❼➴❉➩☎➩➁➶➀➩❞➵➁➲✍➹ Ñ▲Ö❭Ò

➪❶➼➯➘❭➶➀➩☎➘❼➨☞➫➽➹★➪é➧✾➳❞➵❘➘◗➨❹➵ ➳◆➧❼➼➽➲❂➫①➨➦➵◆➸❶➲✙ê❹➴❉➘❼➼①➫①➵◆➘◗➵➁➫➽ë❼➲❂➵◆➸❶➲❚➧✾➳➁➶✟➧◗➺❏➧❼➳❘➭❏➫➽➨❉➘◗➳◆➶✟➭❏➫①ì❆➲❚➳◆➲❚➨❹➵➁➫➯➘◗➼✾➲✍ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨❉➩

Ý✍í

➲✍î✍➘◗➴❉➩➁➲❂➹✘➘◗➨➀➶✟➪❉➳◆➘✾î✬➵➁➫➯î❚➘❼➼ ➪❶➳◆➧

í

➼➽➲❚➹✘➩✛î✍➘◗➨

í

➲☞î✳➧✾➨➀ë❼➲❚➳➁➵➁➲❃➭ï➵◆➧ Ñ▲Ö❭Ò✬æ

ç➵✑î❚➘❼➨ð➘◗➼➯➩❞➧

í

➲✢➾❦➫➯➭❏➲❚➼➽➶➌➘❼➪❶➪❶➼➽➫①➲❃➭ñ➫①➨Õ➹✘➘❼➨❹➶➌➩➁î❚➫①➲✍➨❹➵➁➫①òéî ò❉➲✍➼➽➭❶➩

Ý

➩➁➴❉î❘➸ð➘❼➩❤➲❚➨❶➚✾➫①➨❶➲✍➲❚➳◆➫①➨❉➚

Ý

î✳➧❼➨❹➵◆➳➁➧✾➼❂➵➁➸❶➲✍➧❼➳◆➶ Ý✗ó

➴❶➫➯➭Õ➹★➲✍î❘➸é➘◗➨❶➫➯î❚➩

Ý

➘◗➨❉➭ð➩➁➧ï➧✾➨✷ô✙➩➁➲❚➲✰õ Ö✳öræ✰÷

➧✾➳ ➲✳ø❶➘❼➹✡➪❉➼①➲

Ý

➾❦➸❶➲❚➨

Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐❷ù❏Ñ❞Ö❦úû✃✯ü❃Ò ➘❼➨❉➭

Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐✲ú❦✃

Ý

Ñ❞Ö❃Ò

➫➯➩☎➲✍ê❹➴❶➫➽ë❛➘◗➼➽➲❚➨❹➵❦➵➁➧★➵◆➸❶➲✧➺⑧➘◗➹★➧❼➴é➩☎ý⑨➘◗➨ ➭❏➲✍➳✓þ❊➧❼➼②➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨ ÿ

ü❚✃ ÿ✁

ü

Óñù❶Ñ⑧✃

ü

ú Ö❃Ò

ÿ

ÿ✁

Óð✃✝❐✶å✄✂ Ñ✆☎✾Ò

➧❛➾④➲❚ë✾➲❚➳

Ý

➺➻➧❼➳✘➘ï➚✾➫①ë✾➲❚➨ð➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼☎➘◗➴❏➵◆➧❼➨❶➧✾➹✡➧✾➴❉➩✡➩❞➶❏➩❞➵➁➲❚➹ ➵◆➸❉➘❛➵✘➭❏➲❃➩➁î❚➳➁➫

í

➲❃➩✑➘û➪❶➸➀➶❏➩❞➫➯î❚➘❼➼ ➪❶➸❶➲✍➨❶➧❼➹★➲✍➨❶➧❼➨

Ý

➵◆➸❶➲

í

➘✾➩❞➫➯î✛➪❉➳➁➧

í

➼①➲✍➹ ➧◗➺✙➩➁➲❚➲❚è➀➫➽➨❶➚✢➫①➵◆➩✧➩➁➧❼➼➽➴❏➵➁➫➽➧❼➨❉➩✈➫➽➩✟➶❼➲❚➵✟➴❶➨é➩❞➧✾➼①ë✾➲✍➭ æ✟✞

➫➽➚❼➸❹➵✟➶✾➲✍➘◗➳❘➩ ➘◗➚✾➧

Ý

➫➽➨ñõ ☎❭ö

Ý

➫①➵✓➾④➘✾➩❦➩❞➸❶➧❛➾❦➨✂➵➁➸❉➘◗➵✈➘✡➪é➧✾➼①➶➀➨❶➧✾➹✡➫➯➘◗➼✷➘❼➴❏➵➁➧✾➨❶➧❼➹★➧✾➴❉➩☎➩❞➶❏➩❞➵➁➲❚➹✕➫➽➩❦➨❉➧◗➵❦➫①➨❹➵◆➲❚➚❼➳❘➘

í

➼①➲✧➫①➺✗➫①➵ ➭❏➧➀➲✍➩✧➨❉➧◗➵✛➸❉➘❭ë✾➲✡➘❼➨❹➶û➘◗➼➽➚❼➲

í

➳◆➘❼➫➽î✡î✳➴❶➳◆ë❼➲★➩➁➧❼➼➽➴❏➵➁➫➽➧❼➨➌➫①➨

æ✡✠

➸❶➲✍➳➁➲❚➺➻➧❼➳◆➲

Ý

➵◆➸❶➲✘➪❶➳◆➧

í

➼➽➲❚➹✎➧❼➺❻òé➨❉➭❏➫➽➨❶➚ ➴❶➨❉➭❶➲❚➳✢➾❦➸❉➘◗➵✂➩❞➪✯➲✍î❚➫➽➘❼➼✈î✳➧✾➨❉➭❏➫①➵➁➫➽➧❼➨❉➩✂➘ñ➪é➧✾➼①➶➀➨❶➧✾➹✡➫➯➘◗➼✓➘❼➴❏➵➁➧✾➨❶➧❼➹★➧✾➴❉➩✘➩❞➶❏➩❞➵➁➲✍➹ ➸❉➘✾➩★➵➁➸❶➲û➘◗➼➽➚❼➲

í

➳◆➘❼➫➽î î✳➴❉➳➁ë✾➲✰➩❞➧✾➼①➴❶➵➁➫➽➧❼➨❷➫➽➨

➸❉➘❼➩

í

➲❃î✳➧✾➹✡➲û➘Õë❼➲✍➳➁➶ ➫①➨❹➵◆➲❚➳◆➲✍➩❞➵➁➫➽➨❶➚ð➳◆➲✍➩➁➲✍➘◗➳❘î❘➸✇➵➁➧❼➪❉➫➽îû➭❏➴❶➳◆➫①➨❶➚ð➵➁➸❶➲û➪❉➘❼➩❞➵ ➶❼➲❃➘◗➳❘➩❚ô❏➩➁➲❚➲✘õ☛✌☞

Ö✾Ö✳öræ ç ➨✘➵◆➸❶➫➽➩④➪❉➘❼➪é➲✍➳

Ý

➾④➲✓➚❼➫➽ë❼➲✹➘➦➨❶➲❚➾✶➘❼➪❶➪❶➳◆➧✾➘✾î❘➸

Ý

➾❦➸❶➫➯î❘➸✢➾④➲✟î❚➴❶➳➁➳◆➲❚➨❹➵◆➼①➶★î❚➘❼➼①➼é➵➁➸❶➲✟➹★➲✳➵➁➸❉➧➀➭✂➧◗➺②➵◆➸❶➲ ➘◗➨é➘◗➼➽➶➀➩➁➫➯➩✦➧❼➺é➘◗➼➽➚❼➲

í

➳◆➘❼➫➽î✙î✳➴❶➳◆ë❼➲❃➩✦➘◗➨é➭➦➵➁➸❉➲☎➭❶➫①ë➀➫➯➩❞➫➽➧❼➨➦➵◆➸❶➲❚➧✾➳➁➲✍➹ ➺➻➧❼➳✻➵▲➾❻➧✟ë❛➘◗➳◆➫➽➘

í

➼①➲❃➩✦➫➽➨

æ✎✍

➩➁➫➽➨❶➚✈➵◆➸❶➫➯➩ ➵➁➲❃î❘➸❶➨❶➫➯ê❹➴❶➲

Ý

➾❻➲☎➧

í

➵◆➘◗➫➽➨✑➵➁➸❶➲☎➵◆➸❶➲❚➧✾➳➁➲✍➹★➩✗➺➻➧✾➳❊➵➁➸❶➲❦➨❉➧❼➨❶➲❚ø➀➫➯➩❞➵➁➲❚➨éî✳➲☎➧◗➺✯➵➁➸❶➲✓➘❼➼①➚✾➲

í

➳❘➘◗➫➯î④î✳➴❶➳◆ë❼➲☎➩❞➧✾➼①➴❶➵➁➫➽➧❼➨ ➺➻➧❼➳✈➵➁➸❶➲★➩➁➲✍î✳➧✾➨❉➭✑✏r➧❼➳❘➭❏➲❚➳❦➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼✗➘◗➴❏➵◆➧❼➨❶➧✾➹✡➧✾➴❉➩✈➩➁➶❏➩▲➵◆➲❚➹

Ñ▲Ö❭Ò ➫➽➨

æ✒✠

➸❶➲❃➩❞➲✑➳➁➲❃➩❞➴❉➼➐➵❘➩✈➘◗➳◆➲✛➨❶➧❼➵ ➧❼➨❉➼①➶✇ë❼➲❚➳◆➶ð➫➽➹★➪é➧✾➳❞➵❘➘◗➨❹➵✢➫①➨❮➵◆➸❶➲ïê❹➴❉➘◗➼➽➫①➵◆➘❛➵◆➫①ë✾➲✸➵➁➸❶➲✍➧❼➳◆➶ð➧◗➺➦➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼✓➘◗➴❶➵➁➧❼➨❉➧❼➹★➧❼➴❉➩✘➩➁➶❏➩▲➵◆➲❚➹✘➩

Ý

✓✕✔ ❜▲s▲❜▲❬✉✳❜❞♥✪❢✳❣✂❳✐❨❭❜✛❜▲♥❭❬❳❩♠✬❝✐❪✟♠✬❱✗✖ ❀ s❧❳✐♠✬❢◗❜▲❝✙✘✬➣✬➣✬➣❃❸ ✿ s▲s❞❜▲❴❃❳❩❜▲♥✪♦➽♠✬❝✓❴❭t❭❢❃♣❫❬❫s➁❵◆❳❩❬❫♠✬❱✪♠✬❱✸↔ ❈ ❜▲❢❭❝❩t❛❵❘❝❩❣✚✘✬➣✬➣❃➔✬❸ ✽ ❵❘❱❃♥❭♣❫❬❫❱❭q ❄ ♥❭❬❳✐♠✬❝✜✛✣✢❊❵❘❱❭❬❫❜▲♣ ✽ ❜❞❝❩❪✐❨✌✤✬♠❞③✦❬❳✦✥✬❸

✢✗❜▲❴❛❵❘❝❩❳❩❥❦❜▲❱❚❳✰♠❘♦★✧➦❵◆❳❩❨❭❜▲❥✓❵◆❳✐❬❫s▲❪➁❡✢❺❏❜❧⑦❃❵❘❪ ✿✪✩

✧✬✫✦❱❭❬✉✳❜▲❝✐❪✐❬❳❲❣✳❡★✭❆♠✬♣❫♣❫❜▲q✬❜

❳✐❵◆❳✐❬❫♠✬❱✾❡☞❺✯✮✱✰✲✰✕✖❘↔✳→❃❡✳✫ ❁✍✿

(2)

ELA

♣❫q✬❜▲❢❭❝r❵❘❬❫s✹✭❆t❭❝⑧✉✳❜

♠✬♣❫t❃❳❩❬❫♠✬❱✟♦①♠✬❝

❜▲s❞♠✬❱❃♥❃⑩

❝✐♥❃❜❞❝✦➉❶♠✬♣❣❃❱❃♠✬❥❦❬⑤❵❘♣

t✍❳✐♠✬❱❭♠✬❥❦♠✬t❃❪

❣✍❪❩❳❩❜▲❥❦❪

Ö✻✺

í

➴❏➵④➘◗➼➯➩❞➧✧ë❼➲✍➳➁➶✑➴❉➩➁➲✳➺➻➴❶➼é➫①➨★➫➽➨❹ë✾➲✍➩❞➵➁➫➽➚✾➘◗➵➁➫➽➨❶➚✹➵➁➸❶➲✓➫➽➨❹➵➁➲✍➚❼➳❘➘

í

➫➽➼①➫①➵▲➶❤➧❼➺✯➨❉➧❼➨❶➼➽➫①➨❉➲✍➘◗➳❂➧✾➳◆➭❶➫①➨❉➘❼➳➁➶✑➭❏➫➐ì❆➲❚➳◆➲❚➨❹➵◆➫➽➘❼➼ ➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨❉➩❦➩➁➴❉î❘➸✸➘❼➩✽✼✦➫①➲✍➨❉➘◗➳❘➭✂➲❃ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨❉➩❚ô❶➩➁➲❚➲✘õ

☎❭öræ

➸❶➫➯➩✧➪❉➘◗➪✯➲❚➳➦➫➯➩✧➧❼➳◆➚✾➘❼➨❶➫✿✾❚➲✍➭✰➘❼➩✹➺➻➧❼➼➽➼➽➧❛➾✓➩

æ

ç➨➌➩➁➲✍î✳➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➾④➲★➪❶➳➁➧❛ë✾➲✛➵◆➸❶➲✢➭❏➫➽ë❹➫➯➩➁➫①➧✾➨ï➵➁➸❉➲❚➧❼➳◆➲❚➹ ➺➻➧❼➳✡➵▲➾④➧ûë❛➘❼➳➁➫➯➘

í

➼➽➲✍➩✑➫➽➨

æ

ç➨ ➩➁➲✍î✳➵➁➫➽➧❼➨❀☛

Ý

➾④➲☞➧

í

➵◆➘❼➫①➨ ➵➁➸❉➘◗➵✘➾❦➸❶➲❚➨❮➭❏➲❚➚ Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò✚❁

➭❏➲✍➚ Ô②Ñ➻✃❆Ò

➧✾➳ ➭❏➲✍➚

Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò⑨❐ ➭❶➲❚➚

Ô②Ñ➻✃❆Ò ➘❼➨❉➭

Ï❊Ñ⑧✃✯Ò

ä

❂ Ü❘Ô②Ñ➻✃✯Ò✹Ñ❩Ü

ä

❐Ðå✾Ò

Ý

➵➁➸❶➲✍➳➁➲✹➫➽➩④➨❶➧★➘◗➼➽➚❼➲

í

➳❘➘◗➫➯î✓î✳➴❶➳◆ë❼➲✹➩❞➧✾➼①➴❶➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✘➺➻➧✾➳ ➘◗➴❶➵➁➧❼➨❉➧❼➹★➧❼➴❉➩☎➩➁➶❏➩▲➵◆➲❚➹

Ñ❞Ö❃Ò ➫➽➨

æ

ç➨✪➩➁➲✍î✳➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✚❃

Ý

➾④➲➦➚❼➫➽ë❼➲✧➘

í

➳➁➫➽➲✳➺❂î✳➧✾➨❉î✳➼➽➴❉➩➁➫①➧✾➨

æ

❄✷➛

✩✝➤❆❅✷➤✆❇✍➤❩➟é➜✴✚❉❈✪❊➀➟❉➞✸❊✑❋

ç

➨ï➵◆➸❶➫➽➩➦➩➁➲✍î✳➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➾④➲✡➪❶➳➁➧❛ë✾➲✛➵◆➸❶➲✘➭❏➫①ë➀➫➯➩❞➫➽➧❼➨✰➵➁➸❶➲✍➧❼➳◆➲❚➹ ➺➻➧✾➳✟➵▲➾④➧ ë❛➘◗➳◆➫➽➘

í

➼➽➲✍➩④➫①➨

æ

●✙❍✯■❑❏▼▲◆■✄❖◗P✯❘❚❙✄❘✟❯❲❱✻❳❨❳❑❩✌❬✶❭❫❪❆❴✄❵❛❪✯❜ Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

❵✸❣✐❤✟❥ Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

❵✸❦❢❭✹❳❑❩✸❧♥♠✸❣❲❩✸♦q♣❚❵✸❧r❬❫♣❞❣

õ

❝✓❰❢❡❼ö❚s ❵✸❣✐❤ ❪❆❴✄❵✸❪✯❜

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

♣t❬✒♣❞❦✲❦❢❭✕❤✸❱❑✉✶♣❚✈✶❧✇❭❫♣❞❣

õ

❝✓❰❢❡❼ö②①④③❆⑤

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✒⑥

❵❛❣❑♣t❬❢❴✄❭⑦❬❫❵❛❪⑧❵✸❣✣♠✙⑨✻❭✶❦❢❩⑩❳✄❩❛♣❞❣❑❪⑧❩

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✕s ❪❆❴✄❭✶❣❶❪❆❴✄❭✶❦❢❭❷❭❹❸✁♣t❬✕❪✆❬❷❵✟❳❑❩✸❧r♠✸❣✐❩✸♦q♣❚❵✸❧✐❺

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò ♣❞❣

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö

❬✲❱❑✉❹❴✗❪❞❴❑❵✸❪

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò❂❐

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

ã

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✲✂

Ñ

Ò

❻④❦❢❩✻❩ ⑤❘æ❻÷

➧❼➳✓î❚➧❼➨➀ë❼➲✍➨❶➫➽➲❚➨❉î❚➲

Ý

➾❻➲✧òé➳◆➩❞➵❦➚❼➫➽ë❼➲✹➵➁➸❶➲✧➺➻➧✾➼①➼➽➧❛➾❦➫➽➨❶➚✑➼➽➲❚➹★➹✘➘❼➩

æ

❼✹■❑❖❽❖⑩❾❿P◆❘✿P◆❘➀❯✣❱✻❳❨❳❑❩✌❬✶❭★❪❞❴❑❵✸❪⑩➁ Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò

❵❛❣❲❤✳➂ Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò

❵✸❦❢❭✙❳✄❩❛❧r♠✸❣❲❩❛♦➃♣❚❵❛❧➄❬★♣❞❣

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö✆s ❵✸❣✐❤

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

♣t❬★♣❞❦✲❦❢❭✕❤❛❱❑✉⑦♣❚✈✶❧✇❭➅♣❞❣

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö➆①

❯❲❱✻❳❨❳❑❩✌❬✶❭✚❪❆❴✄❵✸❪⑩➇ Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

♣t❬✚❵❶❣❲❩❛❣❲✉✕❩✸❣❑❬✕❪➆❵✸❣✣❪⑧❳✄❩❛❧r♠✸❣❲❩❛♦➃♣❚❵❛❧ ❵✸❣✐❤➈❵

❵❨✉✶❪②❩❛❦➅❩

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

ã

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò✲s ❵❛❣❲❤

➭❏➲✍➚

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò★➉ ➭❏➲✍➚

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✡➊

♣❞❪❆❴❀❦❢❭⑦❬✦❳✄❭✕✉✶❪✙❪②❩ ❝✒① ➋✐❴✄❭✶❣✳➇

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò➍➌

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✶①

❼✹■❑❖❽❖⑩❾➎P◆❘✇➏✯❘✒❯✣❱✻❳❨❳❑❩✌❬✶❭❽❪❞❴❑❵✸❪✐❜ Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò

♣t❬✒❵❛❣★♣❞❦✲❦❢❭✕❤❛❱❑✉⑦♣❚✈✶❧✇❭➐❳✄❩❛❧r♠✸❣❲❩❛♦➃♣❚❵❛❧✣♣❞❣

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö

❵✸❣✐❤❉❪❆❴✄❵❛❪ ❜▼➑

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

♣t❬❉❪❆❴✄❭✽❳✄❵❛❦✲❪✆♣❚❵❛❧✎❤✁❭⑦❦✲♣

❵✸❪✦♣

♣❞❪❆❴➒❦❢❭✲❬✦❳❑❭✕✉⑦❪④❪②❩ ❝✒①

➋✐❴✄❭✶❣➓❪❆❴✄❭✶❦❢❭q❭❢❸✁♣t❬✲❪④❪

❩✙❳✄❩❛❧r♠✸❣❲❩❛♦➃♣❚❵❛❧➄❬

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✬❰❹→✂Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò✲s

❵✸❣❲❤✡❣❲❩❛❣✑⑨✻❭⑦❦❹❩✟❳❑❩✸❧r♠✸❣✐❩✸♦q♣❚❵✸❧✐➣ Ñ❚❡➀Ò

♣❞❣

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö✆s

❬✕❱❑✉✕❴➅❪❆❴✄❵❛❪

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

ã

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò✷Ó➀→✂Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

ã

❜▼➑ Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò⑨❐

Ñ✆❡❹Ò⑦✂

Ñ

Ò

➸❶➲✧➪❶➳➁➧➀➧❼➺⑧➩☎➧◗➺↔✼✷➲❚➹★➹✘➘ ☎❏æ➄☎

➘◗➨❉➭✚✼✷➲✍➹✡➹✘➘ ☎❶æ

☛✡î❚➘❼➨

í

➲✛➩❞➲✍➲❚➨✸➫➽➨ñõ Ö✻☎❛ö✐æ ↕ ➧❼➵➁➫➯î✳➲✧➵◆➸❉➘❛➵✓➘◗➨➀➶✢➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼ ❜

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò ➫➽➨

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö î✍➘◗➨

í

➲➦➾❦➳◆➫①➵❞➵➁➲✍➨✪➘❼➩

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò❂❐ ➙

Ú✷Û✁➝

Ñ❚❡➀Ò②❝

Ñ✆✺✾Ò ➾❦➸❶➲✍➳➁➲

Ñ❚❡➀Ò✘Ñ✆➞ð❐✕å❶❰✍Ö❼❰➍✂✶✂✶✂✬❰❢➟✦Ò

➘◗➳◆➲✘➪✯➧❼➼➽➶❹➨❉➧❼➹★➫➽➘❼➼➽➩✛➫①➨

➘◗➨❉➭

Ñ❚❡➀Ò

ä

å❉æ ç ➺ ❜

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò ➫➽➩✑➘◗➨ ➫➽➳➁➳◆➲✍➭❏➴éî✳➫

í

➼①➲✹➪✯➧❼➼➽➶❹➨❉➧❼➹★➫➽➘❼➼é➫➽➨

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö

Ý

➵◆➸❶➲❚➨

Ñ❚❡➀Ò✈Ñ✦➞★❐Ðå❶❰✍Ö❼❰➍✂✶✂✶✂✬❰❢➟✦Ò

➘◗➳◆➲✟➘◗➼➽➼❆➳➁➲✍➼➽➘◗➵➁➫➽ë❼➲✍➼①➶★➪❶➳◆➫①➹★➲

æ

÷

➧✾➳✈➘◗➨➀➶✘ò❉ø➀➲❃➭

Û✛ß ⑥

Ý

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡

Û

Ò

➫➯➩✓➘★➪✯➧❼➼➽➶❹➨❉➧❼➹★➫➽➘❼➼✷➫➽➨ ❝✓æ⑧➠

➶✢➵◆➸❶➲➦➺➻➴❶➨❉➭❉➘◗➹★➲❚➨❹➵◆➘❼➼②➵➁➸❉➲❚➧❼➳◆➲❚➹ ➧◗➺ ➘◗➼➽➚❼➲

í

➳❘➘

Ý

➫➐➵✓➸é➘❼➩

✾✍➲❚➳◆➧✾➩☎➫➽➨

æ

➡➢■✄➤✑➥❞➦✯➥t➧◆➥❆❏➨➦➩P◆❘♥➫➨❘✝ç➺

Û

➫➯➩✹➘✸î❚➧❼➹★➪❶➼➽➲✳ø✰➨➀➴❶➹

í

➲✍➳✧➩➁➴❉î❘➸û➵➁➸❉➘◗➵✧➵➁➸❶➲✘➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼ ❜ Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡

Û

Ò

➭❏➧➀➲✍➩☞➨❶➧❼➵☞➸❉➘❭ë✾➲

➭❏➫➽➩❞➵➁➫➽➨❉î✳➵✚✾✍➲❚➳◆➧✾➩✢➫➽➨

Ý

➵◆➸❶➲❚➨

Û

➫➯➩☞î✍➘◗➼➽➼①➲❃➭❷➘ ❬✦❳❑❭❹✉✶♣❚❵✸❧❽⑨✻❭✶❦❢❩➅❳❑❩✸♣❞❣✣❪ ➧◗➺➦➵◆➸❶➲ ➪✯➧❼➼➽➶❹➨❉➧❼➹★➫➽➘❼➼

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò➍① ❼✹■❑❖❽❖⑩❾➭P◆❘✿➯◆❘

③❚⑤

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

♣t❬➃❵❛❣➲♣❞❦✲❦❹❭❹❤❛❱❑✉⑦♣❚✈✶❧✇❭❽❳❑❩✸❧r♠✸❣✐❩✸♦q♣❚❵✸❧↔♣❞❣

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö✆s ❪❆❴✄❭✶❣✗❜

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò ❴❑❵✌❬ ❵✸❪④♦➳❩✌❬✲❪✣➵✹❣❑♣❞❪➆❭⑦❧r♠➳♦➳❵✸❣✣♠➢❬✦❳✄❭✕✉✶♣❚❵✸❧✐⑨✻❭✶❦❢❩✟❳❑❩✸♣❞❣✣❪❚❬

❻④❦❢❩✻❩ ⑤❘æ✹➸

➳◆➫➐➵◆➲

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò ➫➽➨

Ñ✦✺❼Ò

➘◗➨é➭✝î❚➧❼➨❉➩➁➫➯➭❏➲❚➳④➵➁➸❉➲✛➩❞➲❚➵

❐❿➻✻❡✐➌❡ ß✗➼

Ñ❚❡➀Ò⑨❐❷å ➧❼➳

Ñ❚❡➀Ò⑨❐❷å➾➽➚✂

Ñ

Ò

➘◗➨❉➭ Ñ✆✺✾Ò

Ý

➫①➵❦➫➽➩☎➲❃➘❼➩➁➶✘➵➁➧✘➩➁➲❚➲✟➵➁➸❉➘◗➵ ➺ ➫➯➩❦➘❤òé➨❶➫➐➵◆➲➦➩❞➲❚➵ æ✹➪

➴❶➪❉➪é➧❹➩❞➲✹➵➁➸é➘❛➵

ß

⑥➎➶

æ

➸❶➲✍➨✪➵➁➸❶➲✡➪✯➧❼➼➽➶❹➨❉➧❼➹★➫➽➘❼➼ ❜ Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡

Ò

➾❦➫➐➵◆➸✰➳◆➲✍➩➁➪é➲❃î✬➵✈➵◆➧

➹❤➴é➩▲➵✧➸❉➘❭ë❼➲

➭❏➫➽➩❞➵➁➫➽➨❉î✳➵✟✾✍➲❚➳◆➧✾➩

æ

✝ ➲✍➨❉î✳➲

(3)

ELA

Ö➍➹

❨❛❵❘♠✬❪✐❨❃❜❞❱❃q

❜❞❱❃q ➵➁➸❉➲✡➩➁➲✳➵✧➧◗➺❻➩➁➪✯➲✍î✳➫➯➘◗➼✪✾❚➲✍➳➁➧☞➪é➧✾➫①➨❹➵❘➩✟➧❼➺ ❜

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò ➫➽➩✧➘☞➩❞➴

í

➩❞➲❚➵✹➧❼➺ ➺ æ✙✠

➸❶➲❚➳◆➲✳➺➻➧✾➳➁➲

Ý

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò ➸❉➘✾➩✟➘◗➵ ➹★➧✾➩❞➵☎ò❉➨❶➫①➵➁➲❚➼➽➶✂➹✘➘❼➨❹➶☞➩❞➪✯➲✍î❚➫➽➘❼➼✯✾❚➲✍➳➁➧✡➪é➧✾➫①➨❹➵❘➩

æ

÷

➧✾➳⑨➘◗➨➀➶

ß

⑥❽➶

Ý❼í

➶❷✼✦➲❚➹★➹✘➘ ☎❏æ➄✺

Ý

➵◆➸❶➲❦➪é➧✾➼①➶➀➨❶➧✾➹★➫➽➘❼➼ ❜ Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

➾❦➫①➵➁➸★➳➁➲❃➩❞➪✯➲✍î✳➵❂➵➁➧

➹❤➴❉➩❞➵ ➸❉➘❭ë✾➲

➭❶➫➽➩❞➵➁➫➽➨❉î✬➵✛➳◆➧➀➧◗➵❘➩✒➘

Ù

Ñ❆➴✈❐ Ö❼❰✕☎❏❰➍✂✶✂✶✂✬❰❢➟✦Ò✬æ➢➠

➶✪➵➁➸❶➲★➸➀➶➀➪é➧❼➵➁➸❶➲❃➩❞➫➯➩

Ý

Ù

Ñ❚➴✓❐✕Ö✾❰❹☎❏❰➍✂✶✂➍✂✳❰✜➟✦Ò ➘◗➳◆➲ ➘◗➼➯➩➁➧✛➵➁➸❉➲✹➳◆➧➀➧◗➵❘➩✙➧❼➺ ❥

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✬æ ✝ ➲❚➨éî✳➲

Ý

➵◆➸❶➲➦➭❏➲❚➚✾➳➁➲✍➲✓➺➻➧✾➳④➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼ ❥ Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

➾❦➫①➵➁➸✝➳➁➲❃➩❞➪✯➲✍î✳➵❻➵◆➧

➫➯➩☎➚❼➳◆➲✍➘❛➵◆➲❚➳④➵➁➸é➘◗➨✸➧❼➳❦➲❃ê✾➴é➘◗➼❆➵➁➧ ➟❂æ

➩◆➩➁➴❶➹★➲✧➵➁➸❉➘◗➵

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò❂❐➮➬

Ú②Û❲➱

Ñ✆❡❹Ò➆❝

➾❦➸❶➲✍➳➁➲

Ñ❚❡➀Ò✟Ñ✦➞✢❐❷å❉❰❚Ö❼❰➍✂✶✂➍✂✳❰✜✃✪Ò

➘◗➳◆➲✟➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼➯➩☎➫①➨

Ý

Ñ❚❡➀Ò

ä

❂ å

Ý

➘◗➨❉➭

✃❒❐❮➟❂æ

➶✘➵➁➸❉➲✛➭❏➫①ë➀➫➯➩❞➫➽➧❼➨☞➵➁➸❉➲❚➧❼➳◆➶✘➺➻➧✾➳❦➪é➧✾➼①➶➀➨❶➧✾➹✡➫➯➘◗➼➯➩☎➫➽➨✝➧✾➨❶➲✧ë❛➘◗➳◆➫➽➘

í

➼①➲

Ý

➾❻➲✧➸❉➘❭ë✾➲

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò❂❐Ï❰✻Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò

ã

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✬❰ Ñ❚➹❹Ò

➾❦➸❶➲✍➳➁➲ Ð

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ò

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

ÑÓ

❰✻Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò❂❐ × ➬✒Ô

Ú②ÛÕ❰

Ñ❚❡➀Ò②❝

➬❽Ô ➙ Ñ❚❡➀Ò⑨❐

Ñ✆❡❹Ò❹Ö

Ñ✆❡❹Ò✳❰

➬❽Ô

Ô◆× Ñ❚❡➀Ò⑨❐

×

Ø✶Ù✑Ú✇Û✕Ü

õ

➬✒Ô✯×

Ñ❚❡➀Ò❊ú❿Ý②Þ

Ú✇Û✕Ü✿Ø✶Ù✸ß➚à✕Ú✇Û✕Ü Ø✶Ù✑Ú✇Û✕Ü

ö❆❐áÝ②Þ ß➚à ✺ Ú✇Û✕Ü Ø✶âÙ Ú✿Û❹Ü

ã❚ã✍ã

➬❽Ô ➙ Ô

Ù

Ñ❚❡➀Ò⑨❐ãÝ Þ ß❨ä✺ Ú✇Û✕Ü

Ø

ä✇å✑à Ù Ú✇Û✕Ü

Û

Ñ❚❡➀Ò⑨❐ Ý

Ù

Ú✿Û❹Ü

Ø

Þ

ß❨Ù✸ß➚à

Ù

Ú✿Û❹Ü

Ñ✦æ❼Ò

↕ ➧❼➵➁➫➯î✳➲➦➵◆➸❉➘❛➵✈➵➁➸❶➲✛➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼➯➩

➬✒Ô Ù Ñ✆❡❹Ò

î❚➧❼➴❶➼➯➭

í

➲❤➧

í

➵❘➘◗➫➽➨❶➲✍➭✝➺➻➳◆➧❼➹

Ñ✆❡❹Ò ➘❼➨❉➭

Ñ✆❡❹Ò

í

➘◗➪❉➪❶➼①➶➀➫➽➨❶➚✪➵◆➸❶➲✢➧❼➪✯➲❚➳❘➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨❉➩➦➧❼➺❦➘✾➭❶➭❏➫①➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➩➁➴

í

➵◆➳◆➘✾î✬➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➹✑➴❶➼➐➵◆➫①➪❉➼①➫➯î❚➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➘◗➨é➭ð➭❏➫➽ë❹➫➯➩➁➫①➧✾➨ æ✗✠

➸❶➲ ➭❏➲✍➨❶➧❼➹★➫➽➨❉➘❛➵◆➧❼➳❘➩④➘❼➨❉➭✝➨➀➴❶➹★➲❚➳❘➘❛➵➁➧✾➳◆➩❻➧◗➺

Ñ✦æ❼Ò

➹✘➘❭➶✢➸❉➘❭ë❼➲✧î✳➧✾➹★➹✡➧✾➨✂➺⑧➘✾î✬➵◆➧❼➳❘➩

æ

➴❶➪❉➪é➧❹➩❞➲➦➵◆➸❉➘❛➵✒ç Ñ✆❡❹Ò

➫➯➩✈➘★➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼✷➾❦➫①➵➁➸✪➵◆➸❶➲✛➼➽➲✍➘✾➩▲➵✈➭❏➲✍➚❼➳◆➲❚➲

Ý

➩❞➴éî❘➸✸➵➁➸❉➘◗➵❽ç Ñ✆❡❹Ò

ã

❰✻Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò ➫➯➩❦➘★➪é➧✾➼①➶➀➨❶➧✾➹✡➫➯➘◗➼②➫➽➨

õ

✃✻❰❢❡❼ö✐æ➐✠ ➸❉➘◗➵✓➫➽➩

Ý

ç

Ñ✆❡❹Ò❢❰✦Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✗❐

×

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✬❰ Ñ❚è❹Ò

➾❦➸❶➲✍➳➁➲✙ç Ñ❚❡➀Ò

➘◗➨é➭

×

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò

➘❼➳➁➲➦➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼➯➩❦➫➽➨

õ

❝✓❰❹❡◗ö✐æ

➧◗➵◆➲➦➵➁➸❉➘◗➵✓➵➁➸❉➲❚➳◆➲✛➫➽➩✈➨❶➧✘➨❶➧✾➨✾➵◆➳➁➫➽ë➀➫➽➘❼➼ î✳➧✾➹★➹✡➧✾➨✂➺⑧➘✾î✬➵◆➧❼➳

í

➲✳➵▲➾④➲❚➲❚➨✚ç Ñ❚❡➀Ò

➘❼➨❉➭

×

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✬æ➐➠

Ñ❚➹❹Ò ➘◗➨❉➭

Ñ❚è❹Ò

Ý

➾④➲✧➚❼➲❚➵

ç

Ñ❚❡➀Ò

ã

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò❂❐

×

Ñ❞❝✓❰❹❡❹Ò

ã

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✲✂ Ñ❚é❹Ò

ç ➺✙ç Ñ✆❡❹Ò

➫➯➩✢➘ñ➨❶➧✾➨✄✾❚➲✍➳➁➧Õî❚➧❼➨❉➩❞➵◆➘❼➨✾➵

Ý

➵➁➸❶➲✍➨❷➾❻➲✪➧

í

➵◆➘❼➫①➨ ➵➁➸❉➲✰➭❏➲✍➩➁➫➽➳➁➲❃➭✇➳◆➲✍➩➁➴❶➼①➵

æ

ç➺❫ç Ñ❚❡➀Ò

➫➯➩✢➘ ➨❶➧✾➨❉î✳➧✾➨❉➩▲➵❘➘◗➨❹➵❤➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼

Ý

➩➁➫➽➨❉î✳➲ ❜ Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

➫➯➩❤➫➽➳◆➳➁➲❃➭❏➴❉î✳➫

í

➼➽➲ Ý❊í

➶➲✼✦➲❚➹★➹✘➘ ☎❶æ☎

Ý

ç

Ñ❚❡➀Ò

➹✑➴❉➩▲➵★➭❏➫✇✏ ë➀➫➽➭❶➲

×

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✬æ✟✠

➸❶➫➽➩✟➶➀➫①➲✍➼➽➭❉➩✟➘✢î❚➧❼➨❹➵➁➳❘➘❼➭❶➫➽î✳➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✪➾❦➫①➵➁➸✪➵◆➸❶➲✑➘

í

➧❛ë✾➲❤➘❼➩◆➩❞➴❉➹✡➪❶➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✸➵➁➸é➘❛➵❫ç Ñ✆❡❹Ò

➘❼➨❉➭

×

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

➸❉➘❭ë✾➲✝➨❉➧Õ➨❶➧❼➨❹➵➁➳◆➫➽ë❹➫➯➘◗➼✟î✳➧❼➹★➹★➧❼➨ ➺⑧➘✾î✬➵➁➧✾➳✘➫①➨

õ

✃✦❰❹❡◗öræ➩✠

➸❶➲❚➳◆➲✳➺➻➧✾➳➁➲

Ý

ç

Ñ❚❡➀Ò ➹❤➴❉➩❞➵

í

➲✰➘ ➨❶➧✾➨✄✾❚➲✍➳➁➧✘î✳➧✾➨❉➩❞➵◆➘◗➨❹➵

æ

✼✷➲❚➵❞➵◆➫①➨❶➚

Ñ❞❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò✙❐

õ

×

ê✁Ú✇Û✕Ü

ö

ã

×

Ñ❆❝✓❰❢❡➀Ò

Ý

➺➻➳◆➧❼➹ Ñ❚é✾Ò

➾❻➲➦➧

í

➵◆➘❼➫①➨

Ñ

Ò✬æ✽➪ ➧✘➵◆➸❶➲ ➪❶➳◆➧➀➧◗➺✻➧❼➺

➸❉➲❚➧❼➳◆➲❚➹ ☎❶æ①Ö

➫➯➩✓î✳➧✾➹★➪❶➼①➲❚➵➁➲

(4)

ELA

♣❫q✬❜▲❢❭❝r❵❘❬❫s✹✭❆t❭❝⑧✉✳❜

♠✬♣❫t❃❳❩❬❫♠✬❱✟♦①♠✬❝

❜▲s❞♠✬❱❃♥❃⑩

❝✐♥❃❜❞❝✦➉❶♠✬♣❣❃❱❃♠✬❥❦❬⑤❵❘♣

t✍❳✐♠✬❱❭♠✬❥❦♠✬t❃❪

❣✍❪❩❳❩❜▲❥❦❪

Ö✌æ ë✦➛ ✱◗ì❶➤⑧➜✴✠★❊✑❇❃➡▼í⑧➝➍❇ ➛➦➥❻➧✾➨❉➩❞➫➯➭❏➲✍➳✈➵◆➸❶➲✡➘❼➴❏➵➁➧✾➨❶➧❼➹★➧✾➴❉➩✈➩➁➶❏➩▲➵◆➲❚➹

Ñ▲Ö❭Ò✬æ

➩◆➩➁➴❶➹★➲❤➵◆➸❉➘❛➵ Ñ▲Ö❭Ò

➸❉➘✾➩ ➵➁➸❉➲✛➘◗➼➽➚❼➲

í

➳◆➘❼➫➽î✹î✳➴❶➳◆ë❼➲✧➩➁➧❼➼➽➴❏➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ñ➻✃✻❰❞❒❶Ò✙❐

Ûïî

Ù

Ñ➻✃✯Ò▲❒

Ù

❐✶å❉❰ Ñ▲Ö❃å✾Ò

➾❦➸❶➲✍➳➁➲

î

Ù

Ñ➻✃❆Ò★Ñ❆➴✓❐✵å❶❰❚Ö✾❰✶✂➍✂✶✂✬❰✜✃✪Ò

➘◗➳◆➲❤➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼➯➩✹➘❼➨❉➭

î

Ñ➻✃❆Ò

ä

❂ å❶æ

Ñ⑧✃✦❰➁❒❏Ò

➫➯➩✧➫①➳◆➳➁➲❃➭❏➴❉î❚➫

í

➼➽➲ ➫➽➨

ô

î

Ù

Ñ➻✃❆Ò➦Ñ❆➴❂❐❷å❶❰✍Ö❼❰➍✂✶✂✶✂❚❰✜✃✪Ò

➘◗➳◆➲✹➘❼➼①➼✷➳◆➲❚➼➯➘❛➵◆➫①ë✾➲❚➼➽➶✘➪❶➳◆➫①➹★➲✧➫①➨

æ

➶✘➵➁➸❉➲✛➭❏➫①ë➀➫➯➩❞➫➽➧❼➨☞➵➁➸❉➲❚➧❼➳◆➲❚➹

Ý

➵◆➸❶➲❚➳◆➲✧➲✳ø❏➫➯➩▲➵❦➵◆➸❶➲✧➪é➧✾➼①➶➀➨❶➧✾➹✡➫➯➘◗➼➯➩✽ð Ñ➻✃✯Ò

➘◗➨❉➭✚ñ Ñ⑧✃✯Ò

➩➁➴❉î❘➸☞➵➁➸❉➘◗➵

ÿ

ÿ❨qò

ò

ò

ò

Ú

×

Ü

❐ôó⑧õ

õ

ÿ

ÿ✁ Ó◗õ

õ

ÿ

ÿ❨❑ö✡ò

ò

ò

ò

Ú

×

Ü

❐ø÷

Û

î✑ù

Ù

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❧❒ Ù❚ú

ã

❒➦Óû÷

Û

õ

î

Ù

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❧❒

Ù

Ô✯×

ö

õ

Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✦Ó✇Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò❧❒❹ö

ú

õð Ñ➻✃✯Ò✻Ó

ñ

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò▲❒✾ö

Ñ➻✃✻❰❞❒❶Ò✬❰ ➵➁➸é➘❛➵✓➫➯➩

Ý

Û î✑ù

Ù

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❧❒ Ù✿ü

×

Óý➬

Û

î

Ù

Ñ➻✃✯Ò➁Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò❧❒

Ù

Óþ➬

Û

î

Ù

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❧Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò▲❒

Ù

Ô◆× Ñ▲Ö✾Ö❃Ò

õð Ñ➻✃✯Ò✗Ó

ñ

Ñ➻✃✯Ò▲❒❹ö↔ÿ ➬

Û î

Ù

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò▲❒ Ù✁

ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➨❶➚ñ➵➁➸❉➲✰î✳➧➀➲✄✂✢î❚➫①➲✍➨✾➵❘➩✘➧◗➺

ü

×

➧❼➨

í

➧◗➵◆➸✶➩❞➫➯➭❏➲❃➩✘➧◗➺ Ñ▲Ö✾Ö❃Ò

Ý

➾④➲✪➧

í

➵◆➘◗➫➽➨❮➵➁➸é➘❛➵

î

ù

Ñ➻✃✯Ò✪❐

î

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò

ñ

Ñ➻✃❆Ò

Ý

æ

æ

Ý

ñ

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❤❐ å

Ý

î

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✛❐

➨❶➧❼➨❑✾❚➲❚➳◆➧✸î✳➧❼➨é➩▲➵❘➘◗➨❹➵ æ★✠

➧✪➩❞➫➽➹★➪❶➼➽➫➐➺➻➶û➵➁➸❶➲✢î❚➧❼➹★➪❶➼➽➫➽î✍➘❛➵◆➲✍➭ î✳➧✾➹★➪❶➴❏➵◆➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➾④➲✧➘❼➩◆➩❞➴❶➹★➲✟➵➁➸❉➘◗➵

î

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐✲Ö❼æ↔✞

ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➨❶➚❤➵◆➸❶➲➦î✳➧➀➲✄✂✢î❚➫①➲✍➨✾➵❘➩④➧◗➺

Ù

Ñ❆➴❂❐Õ✃➌❰✜✃ ú Ö❼❰➍✂✶✂➍✂✳❰❚Ö✾❰➁å✾Ò

➧✾➨

í

➧◗➵◆➸✸➩➁➫➯➭❏➲✍➩☎➧❼➺ Ñ❞Ö❼Ö❃Ò

Ý

➾❻➲➦➸é➘❭ë❼➲

Ð

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ò

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

ÑÓ

î

ù

➬✒Ô◆× Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐

ð

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò⑨ú➓✃✪Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò✬❰ ã❚ã✍ã

î ù

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐

î

ü

×

Ñ➻✃❆Ò õð

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙ú Ñ✝✆✹Ó✶Ö❃Ò➁Ï❊Ñ➻✃✯Ò❧öéú❮Ñ✞✆✧Ó➀☎✾Ò

î

ü

ü

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❧Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò Ñ✝✆✑❐➭✃ ú➈☎❏❰✜✃✕ú

❰✶✂✶✂➍✂✳❰❚Ö✾❰➁å❹Ò✬❰ å✛❐

î

Û

Ñ➻✃✯Ò

ð

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙ú

î

×

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❧Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò⑦✂ Ñ▲Ö✌☎❼Ò

➨é➭❏➲❚➳✙➵➁➸❶➲✈î❚➧❼➨❉➭❶➫➐➵◆➫①➧✾➨❉➩

à

❁ á★Ñ

à

➭❏➲✍➚ Ï❊Ñ⑧✃✯Ò

Ý

á✛❐ ➭❏➲✍➚

Ô②Ñ➻✃✯Ò➁Ò ➧✾➳

à

❐❮á ➘◗➨é➭

Ï❊Ñ➻✃✯Ò

ä

Ü❘Ô②Ñ➻✃❆Ò Ñ⑧Ü

ä

❐Ðå❶❰◆Ü ß ⑥

Ò

Ý

➭❏➲✍➨❶➧◗➵◆➲✹➭❶➲❚➚ î✠✟

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐ ➹✘➘◗ø

Û☛✡✯Ù☞✡

õ➭❏➲❚➚

î

Ù

Ñ➻✃❆Òrö

Ý

ß✍✌ æ↔✠

➸❶➲✹➼①➲❃➘❼➭❏➫➽➨❶➚✛➵◆➲❚➳◆➹ ➫①➨

➧❼➨★➵◆➸❶➲✓➳◆➫①➚✾➸❹➵✜✏r➸❉➘◗➨❉➭★➩➁➫➽➭❶➲✓➧◗➺ Ñ▲Ö✾Ö❃Ò

➫➯➩ î✠✟

Ñ➻✃❆Ò

ð

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❧❒

æ↔✠ ➸❶➲✈î❚➧❼➹

í

➫①➨❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✘➧❼➺✯➵◆➸❶➲❦➵◆➲❚➳◆➹★➩✙➫①➨éî✳➼➽➴❉➭❏➫➽➨❶➚

➧✾➨✑➵◆➸❶➲❦➼➽➲✳➺❲➵✜✏r➸❉➘❼➨❉➭★➩❞➫➯➭❏➲❦➧◗➺ Ñ▲Ö✾Ö❃Ò

➫➯➩✓õ î ù✟

Ô✯× Ñ⑧✃✯Ò❼Ó

î✠✟

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❞Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò❼ÓûÑ Ó✰Ö❃Ò î✎✟

ü

×

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❧Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò❧ö➽❒

æ

➲✍➨❉î✳➲

Ý

➾④➲✪➧

í

➵❘➘◗➫➽➨❮➵➁➸❉➘◗➵☞➭❏➲❚➚⑧ð Ñ⑧✃✯Òï❐

➭❏➲✍➚

Ï❊Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✬æ✑✏

➵◆➸❶➲❚➳◆➾❦➫➽➩➁➲

Ý

➘❼➩◆➩➁➴❶➹★➲✸➵➁➸❉➘◗➵☞➭❏➲❚➚④ð Ñ⑧✃✯Òï❐

à

Û

à

æ

➸❶➲✍➨ Ý✙í

➶Õ➵◆➸❶➲✝ò❉➳◆➩❞➵★➲✍ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨ ➧❼➺ Ñ▲Ö✌☎❼Ò

Ý

➩➁➲✍î✳➧✾➨❉➭ð➲❃ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨ ➧◗➺ Ñ▲Ö✌☎❼Ò

Ý

✂✶✂➍✂

Ý

➵◆➸✇➲❃ê✾➴é➘❛➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✇➧◗➺ Ñ▲Ö✌☎❼Ò

Ý

➳◆➲✍➩➁➪é➲❃î✬➵➁➫➽ë❼➲✍➼①➶

Ý

➾④➲✛➭❏➲✍➭❏➴éî✳➲➦➵◆➸❉➘❛➵

î

➬✒Ô

Ù

Ñ➻✃❆Ò④❐Ï➴✬Ñ

à

ÓÐÖ❃Ò✛Ñ❆➴⑨❐➭✃ ú❮Ö❼❰✶✂➍✂✶✂✳❰◆å✾Ò✳æ④➠

➶✢➵◆➸❶➲✛➼➯➘❼➩❞➵ ➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✝➧◗➺

Ñ▲Ö✌☎❼Ò

Ý

æ

æ

Ý

î

Û

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò

ð

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò❻❐

î

Ñ⑧✃✯ÒrÔ②Ñ➻✃❆Ò✬❰ Ñ▲Ö

(5)

ELA

Ö➍è

❨❛❵❘♠✬❪✐❨❃❜❞❱❃q

❜❞❱❃q ➾④➲④➸é➘❭ë❼➲☎➭❏➲❚➚

î

Û

Ñ➻✃❆Ò◗Ó

à

Û

➭❏➲✍➚

î

×

Ó✘á

Ý

æ

æ

Ý

á✛❐

à

Ó

à

Û

ÓïÖ❼æ▼✠

➸❉➫➽➩❂➶➀➫➽➲❚➼➯➭❶➩❂➘✧î✳➧✾➨✾➵◆➳◆➘✾➭❏➫➯î✬➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✑➾❦➫➐➵◆➸ ➧❼➴❉➳❦➪❶➳➁➲✍ë➀➫①➧✾➴❉➩❦➘❼➩◆➩❞➴❉➹✡➪❶➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

à

❐✇á❏æ

ç➺✗➾④➲✛➘❼➩◆➩❞➴❉➹✡➲✹➵◆➸❉➘❛➵✈➭❏➲✍➚⑧ð Ñ➻✃❆Ò❻❐

à

Û

à❞Ý

➵➁➸❉➲✛➘◗➳◆➚❼➴❶➹★➲❚➨❹➵❦➫➯➩ ➫➯➭❏➲❚➨❹➵➁➫➯î❚➘❼➼

æ

✒✔✓

❾➨➥❞❖ ➏✯❘❚❙✄❘➓❯❲❱✻❳❨❳❑❩✌❬✶❭➳❪❆❴✄❵❛❪

à

❁ á ❩❛❦

à

❐✵á ❵❛❣❲❤

Ï❊Ñ⑧✃✯Ò

ä

❂ Ü❘Ô②Ñ➻✃✯Ò✢Ñ⑧Ü

ä

❐ å❉❰➁Ü

ß

Ò✲s ❵✸❣✐❤ ❪❆❴✄❵✸❪

Ñ▲Ö❭Ò

❴❑❵✌❬⑩❪❆❴✄❭✟❵✸❧✕➚❭➍✈✶❦❢❵❛♣❚✉✙✉⑦❱➾❦

❭✽❬✶❩❛❧r❱➾❪✆♣❚❩❛❣✚❵✸❬↔❜

Ñ⑧✃✦❰➁❒❏Ò⑨❐ ×

Û

î

Ù

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò❧❒

Ù

❐❷å✣① ➋✐❴✄❭✶❣ ñ

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò ❂ å ❵✸❣✐❤➳❪❆❴✄❭✶❦❢❭❷♣t❬✟❬✶❩❛♦➢❭

➞ÕÑ⑧å➢➉ ➞✗✖❀✃➓s▼➞ ß✘✌

Ò

❬✲❱❑✉❹❴✚❪❆❴✄❵❛❪ ð

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❻❐Ï➞❶Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò✶① ❻④❦❢❩✻❩

⑤❘æ★➸

➲✘➸❉➘❭ë✾➲✡➘❼➼①➳◆➲✍➘✾➭❏➶✪➪❶➳◆➧❛ë❼➲❃➭ï➫➽➨û➵◆➸❶➫➯➩✛➩❞➲❃î✬➵◆➫①➧✾➨✰➵◆➸❉➘❛➵❉ñ

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò ❂ å❉æ ↕ ➲✳ø➀➵

Ý✦í

➶✰➾☎➘❭➶✪➧◗➺ î✳➧✾➨❹➵➁➳❘➘❼➭❏➫➯î✬➵◆➫①➧✾➨

Ý

➾❻➲➦➪❶➳◆➧❛ë❼➲✈➵➁➸❉➘◗➵❽ð

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò④❐Ï➞❶Ï❊Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✧Ñ❩å➃➉Õ➞✗✖❀✃➌❰❹➞ ß✍✌

Ò✬æ

➴❶➪❉➪é➧❹➩❞➲✪➵◆➸❉➘❛➵✚ð Ñ⑧✃✯Ò

ä

❐ø➞❶Ï❊Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✪Ñ❩å ➉ ➞✙✖❒✃➌❰⑧➞ ß✑✌

Ò✬æ

✼✷➲❚➵☞➭❏➲✍➚✯õð

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✟ú✛✚◗Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Òrö✡❐ ➹★➫①➨

Û✜✡

➭❏➲❚➚❆õð

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❂ú✍✆➀Ï❊Ñ➻✃✯Ò❧ö❆❐➭➟

Û

Ñ☞✚❛❰❢➟ Û✹ß✍✌

❰❉å➢➉✢✚✣✖❮✃➌❰✜➟

Û

❐✇å❹Ò✬æ➐➠

Ñ❞Ö

Ò

Ý

➾④➲✹➸é➘❭ë❼➲ ➭❏➲❚➚

î

×

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐ ➭❶➲❚➚

î

Û

Ñ➻✃✯Ò✻Ó✶Ñ

à

úûá❼Ò⑦✂

➚❹➘◗➫➽➨ Ý❏í

Ñ❞Ö✻☎❼Ò

Ý

î ù

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐

î

ü

×

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò õð

Ñ➻✃✯Ò✙ú❮Ñ✞✆✟ÓÐÖ❭Ò❞Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Òrö❉ú❮Ñ✞✆✧Ó❀☎❼Ò

î

ü

ü

Ñ➻✃❆ÒrÔ②Ñ➻✃❆Ò✲✂ Ñ▲Ö

Ò

✼✷➲❚➵❞➵◆➫①➨❶➚

✆✡❐❷å❉❰❚Ö❼❰➍✂✶✂➍✂✳❰✤✚✟ú➎☎

Ý

➳◆➲✍➩➁➪é➲❃î✬➵➁➫➽ë❼➲✍➼①➶

Ý

➾❻➲➦➸❉➘❭ë✾➲ ➭❶➲❚➚

î

Ù

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐ ➭❏➲✍➚

î

Û

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✦Ó ➴✬Ñ

à

ú➌á❼Ò Ñ❚➴❊❐✲Ö❼❰✕☎❏❰✶✂➍✂✶✂✬❰✥✚◗Ò✲✂ Ñ▲Ö✌✺❼Ò

➩➁➫➽➨❶➚✡➵➁➸❶➲✧ò❉➳❘➩❞➵✓➲✍ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨☞➧❼➺ Ñ❞Ö✻☎❼Ò

Ý

➾④➲✧➭❶➲✍➭❏➴❉î❚➲ ➭❶➲❚➚

î

➬✒Ô◆× Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐

à

Ó✶Ö❨✂ ✼✷➲❚➵❞➵◆➫①➨❶➚

✆✡❐ ✃ ú➎☎❶❰✶✂✶✂➍✂✳❰✤✚◗❰✤✚✟ú✇Ö

Ý

➳➁➲❃➩❞➪✯➲✍î✳➵➁➫➽ë❼➲❚➼➽➶

Ý

➾④➲✧➸❉➘❭ë❼➲

Ð

Ò

Ó

➭❏➲✍➚

î

Ù

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐ Ñ❆✃ ú➲➴▲Ò✳Ñ

à

Ó❷Ö❭Ò Ñ✦✚✧✖❀➴★✖❮✃ ú➈☎❼Ò✬❰ ➭❏➲✍➚

î✪✩ Ô◆×

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐ Ñ❚✃✕ú✫✚◗Ò✳Ñ

à

Ó❷Ö❭Ò✷Ó➈➟

Û

Ó✶Ö❨✂ Ñ▲Ö✻➹✾Ò

Ñ▲Ö✌✺❼Ò ➘❼➨❉➭

Ñ❞Ö➍➹❹Ò

Ý

➾④➲➦➸❉➘❭ë❼➲

Ð

Ñ

Ò

ÑÓ

➭❶➲❚➚ î ✩

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐✬✚❏Ñ

à

ú➌á❼Ò✦Ó ➭❏➲❚➚

î

Û

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐ Ñ❚✃✕ú✫✚◗Ò✳Ñ

à

Ó❷Ö❭Ò✬❰ ➭❶➲❚➚

î ✩ Ô◆×

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐ Ñ☞✚✹ú Ö❃Ò❚Ñ

à

ú➌á❼Ò✷Ó ➭❏➲✍➚

î

Û

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐ Ñ❆✃✕ú✫✚◗Ò❚Ñ

à

Ó✶Ö❃Ò✷Ó ➟

Û

Ó✶Ö❨✂ Ñ▲Ö✸æ◗Ò

➸➀➴❉➩

Ý

➺➻➳◆➧❼➹ Ñ▲Ö✸æ◗Ò

➾④➲✟➭❶➲✍➭❏➴❉î❚➲✓➵◆➸❉➘❛➵ á❻ú

à

❐Õ➟

Û

ÓðÖ❫❁ å❉æ✪✠

➸❶➫➯➩④î✳➧❼➨❹➵◆➳◆➘✾➭❏➫➽î✳➵◆➩⑨➵➁➸❶➲✟➪❶➳➁➲✍ë➀➫①➧✾➴❉➩ ➘❼➩◆➩➁➴❶➹★➪❏➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

à

❐ á❏æ➈✠

➸❶➲✍➳➁➲❚➺➻➧❼➳◆➲

Ý

➵➁➸❶➲✍➳➁➲☞➲✳ø❏➫➯➩▲➵❘➩✑➩➁➧❼➹★➲

➞ÐÑ⑧å❀➉á➞✭✖ã✃

Ý

ß✬✌

Ò

➩❞➴❉î❘➸ ➵➁➸❉➘◗➵

ð

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐Ï➞❶Ï❊Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✳æ

➫➽➨❉î✳➲❉ð

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐ ➞❶Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò

Ý

➵❘➘◗è➀➫①➨❉➚

✆✡❐Ï➞✑ú Ö ➫①➨

Ñ▲Ö

Ò

Ý

➾❻➲➦➸❉➘❭ë✾➲

î ù

Ô✯×

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐ ú✛Ñ✆➞✛Ó✶Ö❃Ò

î

ü

×

Ñ➻✃❆ÒrÔ②Ñ➻✃❆Ò✬❰ Ñ▲Ö✻è✾Ò

➘◗➨é➭✂➺➻➳◆➧❼➹ Ñ▲Ö✻☎✾Ò

Ý❶í

➶✢➴é➩❞➫➽➨❶➚★➵➁➸❉➲✧ò❉➳◆➩❞➵❦➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➩➁➲✍î❚➧❼➨❉➭☞➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

✂➍✂✶✂

Ý

Ñ❆✃ ú➎➞❉Ò

➵➁➸✸➲❃ê✾➴é➘❛➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➳◆➲✍➩➁➪é➲❃î✬➵➁➫➽ë❼➲✍➼①➶

Ý

➾❻➲✧➸❉➘❭ë✾➲ ➭❏➲✍➚

î

Ù

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐ Ñ❆✃ ú➓➴▲Ò✳Ñ

à

(6)

ELA

♣❫q✬❜▲❢❭❝r❵❘❬❫s✹✭❆t❭❝⑧✉✳❜

♠✬♣❫t❃❳❩❬❫♠✬❱✟♦①♠✬❝

❜▲s❞♠✬❱❃♥❃⑩

❝✐♥❃❜❞❝✦➉❶♠✬♣❣❃❱❃♠✬❥❦❬⑤❵❘♣

t✍❳✐♠✬❱❭♠✬❥❦♠✬t❃❪

❣✍❪❩❳❩❜▲❥❦❪

Ö➍é ➥❻➧❼➹

í

➫➽➨❶➫①➨❉➚ Ñ❞Ö➍è❹Ò

➘❼➨❉➭ Ñ▲Ö✻é✾Ò

Ý

➾④➲✧➚❼➲❚➵ ➭❏➲✍➚

î

Ô◆× Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐

➭❶➲❚➚

î

ü

×

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✻Ó ➭❏➲❚➚

Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✦Ó✶Ö ❐✲Ñ❚✃✕ú➈➞❶Ò✳Ñ

à

Ó❷Ö❭Ò✷ÓÕá✧ú

à

Ñ✆☎❼å✾Ò

➨☞➵➁➸❶➲➦➧❼➵➁➸❶➲✍➳❦➸❉➘◗➨❉➭

Ý

➵◆➘❼è❹➫➽➨❶➚

✆✑❐Ðå❶❰✍Ö❼❰➍✂✶✂✶✂✬❰✕➞✑ú➎☎ ➫➽➨

Ñ❞Ö

Ò

Ý

➾④➲✧➸❉➘❭ë❼➲ ➭❏➲✍➚

î

Ù

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐ ➭❏➲✍➚

î

Û

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✻Ó ➴✬Ñ

à

úûá❼Ò Ñ❆➴❊❐ Ö❼❰✕☎❏❰✶✂➍✂✶✂✳❰✕➞❶Ò✲✂ Ñ✆☎❶Ö❃Ò

➸➀➴❉➩

Ý

➾❻➲➦➧

í

➵◆➘❼➫①➨☞➵➁➸❶➲✧➺➻➧✾➼①➼➽➧❛➾❦➫➽➨❶➚✑➳◆➲✍➩➁➴❶➼①➵

æ

●✙❍✯■❑❏▼▲◆■✄❖❒➏◆❘✿P◆❘ ③❆⑤

à

❁✵á✑s

❪❆❴✄❭✶❣➀❪❆❴✄❭✡❬✶❭❹✉✕❩❛❣❲❤✯✮✜❩❛❦❢❤❨❭✶❦❫❳❑❩✸❧r♠✸❣✐❩✸♦q♣❚❵✸❧✽❵✸❱➾❪➆❩✸❣✐❩✸♦➳❩✸❱✑❬➢❬✲♠✌❬✕❪➆❭✶♦ Ñ▲Ö❭Ò

❴❑❵✌❬✙❣❲❩✳❵✸❧✕➚❭➍✈✶❦❢❵❛♣❚✉➳✉⑦❱➾❦

❭✙❬✶❩❛❧r❱➾❪✆♣❚❩❛❣❶♣❞❣

❻④❦❢❩✻❩ ⑤❘æ✹➪

➴❶➪❶➪✯➧✾➩➁➲❦➵➁➸❉➘◗➵⑨➵➁➸❉➲✟➩➁➲✍î✳➧✾➨❉➭✑✏r➧❼➳❘➭❏➲❚➳❊➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼é➘❼➴❏➵➁➧✾➨❶➧❼➹★➧✾➴❉➩❂➩❞➶❏➩❞➵➁➲✍➹ Ñ❞Ö❃Ò

➸❉➘✾➩❂➵◆➸❶➲ ➘◗➼➽➚❼➲

í

➳❘➘◗➫➯î❦î✳➴❶➳◆ë❼➲✓➩➁➧❼➼➽➴❏➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✘➧❼➺❆➵➁➸❶➲✈➺➻➧❼➳◆➹ Ñ❞Ö✍å✾Ò

Ý

➘❼➨❉➭✡➵➁➸é➘❛➵⑧ç

Ù

Ñ❚➴❊❐✶å❶❰❚Ö✾❰✶✂➍✂✶✂✳❰❢✃✸Ò

➘❼➳➁➲✓➵➁➸❶➲✟➼①➲❃➘❼➭❏➫➽➨❶➚ î✳➧➀➲✜✂✘î❚➫①➲✍➨❹➵◆➩☎➧◗➺

î

Ù

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✬æ

➲❚ø➀➵

Ý

➾④➲➦➭❏➫➽➩◆î✳➴é➩➁➩④➵◆➸❶➲➦ë❛➘◗➼➽➴❶➲

í

➶✂➵➁➸❶➲✧➺➻➧✾➼①➼➽➧❛➾❦➫①➨❉➚❤➵▲➾④➧✘➩▲➵◆➲❚➪❉➩✍➷

Ñ

ç

Ò

➩◆➩❞➴❶➹★➲✸➵◆➸❉➘❛➵

➞Ð❐✱✃➌æÏ✠ ➸❶➲✍➨

í

➶ð➵➁➸❶➲✪òé➳◆➩❞➵✘➲✍ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨❮➧◗➺ Ñ▲Ö✻☎✾Ò

Ý

➾❻➲ï➭❶➲✍➭❏➴❉î❚➲✸➵➁➸❉➘◗➵

î

➬✒Ô◆× Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐

î✳➧✾➨❉➩▲➵❘➘◗➨❹➵

æ

Ñ▲Ö❭Ò

ç

➨✸➵➁➸❉➲❤î❚➘✾➩❞➲

î

➬✒Ô◆× Ñ⑧✃✯Ò☎❐ å

Ý

➴é➩❞➫➽➨❶➚★➵➁➸❉➲❤➩❞➲❃î✳➧✾➨❉➭✝➲✍ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨

Ý

➵◆➸❶➫①➳❘➭✸➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

✂✶✂✶✂

Ý

➘❼➨❉➭

➵➁➸✸➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✝➧◗➺ Ñ▲Ö✻☎✾Ò

Ý

➳◆➲✍➩➁➪é➲❃î✬➵◆➫①ë✾➲❚➼➽➶

Ý

➾④➲✹➸é➘❭ë❼➲

Ð

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ò

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

ÑÓ

➭❶➲❚➚

î

➬✒Ô

ü

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐❷á✓Ó✶Ö❼❰ ➭❶➲❚➚

î

➬✒Ô✱✰

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐✲Ñ⑧á❦Ó✶Ö❃Ò✻Ó✶Ñ

à

Ó❷Ö❭Ò✬❰ ➭❶➲❚➚

î

➬✒Ô✳✲

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐✲Ñ⑧á❦Ó✶Ö❃Ò✻Ó➀☎❉Ñ

à

Ó❷Ö❭Ò✬❰ ã✍ã❚ã

➭❶➲❚➚

î

Û

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐✲Ñ⑧á✓Ó✶Ö❃Ò✷ÓÐÑ❆✃ ú➎☎✾Ò✳Ñ

à

Ó✶Ö❃Ò⑦✂

➸❶➲✍➨✝➾④➲✧➸❉➘❭ë❼➲ Ð

Ò

Ó

➭❏➲❚➚❆õ

î

Û

Ñ➻✃✯Ò

ð

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò❧ö✦❐✲Ñ➻á✈Ó✶Ö❃Ò✷ÓÐÑ❆✃✕ú➈☎❼Ò❚Ñ

à

Ó✶Ö❃Ò✷Ó

à

➭❏➲❚➚❆õ

î

×

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❧Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò❧ö✷❐✲Ñ➻á✈Ó❷Ö❭Ò✷Ó Ñ❆✃ ú

Ò❚Ñ

à

Ó✶Ö❃Ò✷Óðá➾✂ Ñ✆☎✁☎❼Ò

ç ➵✓➫➯➩☎➲✍➘❼➩➁➶✘➵◆➧✢➩❞➲✍➲✟➵◆➸❉➘❛➵ Ñ✦☎❨☎✾Ò

î❚➧❼➨❹➵➁➳❘➘❼➭❶➫➽î✳➵◆➩ Ñ▲Ö

Ò✬æ Ñ✆☎✾Ò

ç➨ ➵➁➸❶➲✝î❚➘❼➩➁➲

î

➬✒Ô◆× Ñ➻✃✯Ò✘❐

î❚➧❼➨❉➩❞➵◆➘❼➨✾➵

ä

❐ å

Ý

➩➁➫①➹★➫➽➼➽➘❼➳➁➼➽➶

Ý

➴❉➩➁➫➽➨❶➚✪➵➁➸❉➲✝➩➁➲✍î❚➧❼➨❉➭ñ➲❃ê✾➴é➘❛➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

➵➁➸❉➫①➳❘➭✝➲✍ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨

Ý

✂✶✂➍✂

Ý

➘❼➨❉➭

➵◆➸✸➲✍ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨☞➧❼➺ Ñ❞Ö✻☎❼Ò

Ý

➳◆➲✍➩➁➪é➲❃î✬➵➁➫➽ë❼➲✍➼①➶

Ý

➾❻➲✧➸❉➘❭ë✾➲

Ð

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ò

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

ÑÓ

➭❶➲❚➚

î

➬✒Ô

ü

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐

à

Ó✶Ö❼❰ ➭❶➲❚➚

î

➬✒Ô✱✰

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐Ï☎❉Ñ

à

Ó✶Ö❃Ò✬❰ ➭❶➲❚➚

î

➬✒Ô✳✲ Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐

Ñ

à

Ó✶Ö❃Ò✬❰ ã✍ã❚ã

➭❶➲❚➚

î

Û

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐ Ñ❆✃ ú✇Ö❭Ò✳Ñ

à

(7)

ELA

☎◗å

❨❛❵❘♠✬❪✐❨❃❜❞❱❃q

❜❞❱❃q

➸❶➲✍➨✝➾④➲✧➸❉➘❭ë❼➲

Ð

Ò

Ó

➭❏➲❚➚✯õ

î

Û

Ñ➻✃✯Ò

ð

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò❧ö✷❐ Ñ❆✃ ú Ö❃Ò❚Ñ

à

Ó✶Ö❃Ò✦Ó

à

➭❏➲❚➚✯õ

î

×

Ñ➻✃✯Ò❧Ô❆Ñ⑧✃✯Ò❧ö②❐ Ñ❆✃✕ú➈☎❼Ò❚Ñ

à

Ó✶Ö❃Ò✷Óðá➾✂ Ñ✆☎

Ò

ç ➵✓➫➯➩☎➲✍➘❼➩➁➶✘➵◆➧✢➩❞➲✍➲✟➵◆➸❉➘❛➵ Ñ✦☎

Ò

➘❼➼➽➩➁➧★î✳➧❼➨❹➵◆➳◆➘✾➭❏➫➽î✳➵◆➩ Ñ❞Ö

Ò✳æ

Ñ

ç➁ç

Ò

➩◆➩➁➴❶➹★➲✟➵◆➸❉➘❛➵

Ö✴✖ ➞✳➉❀✃➌æ➐✠ ➸❶➲❚➨

í

➶✢➵◆➸❶➲✧ò❉➳❘➩▲➵❦➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨✝➧◗➺ Ñ▲Ö✌☎❼Ò

Ý

➾④➲✧➸❉➘❭ë❼➲

î

➬✒Ô◆× Ñ➻✃✯Ò❻❐

➞✑ú➲✃

à

Ó✶Ö

Ü

Ø

Ø

ü

×

Ó

ã✍ã❚ã

æ

æ

Ý

ç

➬❽Ô✯×

➞✡ú➲✃

à

ÓÐÖ

Ü

Ø

➘◗➨é➭ï➴❉➩➁➫①➨❉➚✢➵➁➸❉➲✡➩➁➲✍î❚➧❼➨❉➭✪➲❃ê❹➴❉➘❛➵◆➫①➧✾➨

Ý

➵➁➸❶➫➽➳❘➭ï➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨

Ý

✂➍✂✶✂

Ý

➘❼➨❉➭

Ñ❚✃ ú➀➞❶Ò

➵◆➸✰➲✍ê❹➴❉➘◗➵➁➫➽➧❼➨ï➧❼➺ Ñ▲Ö✌☎❼Ò

Ý

➳◆➲✍➩➁➪é➲❃î✬➵➁➫➽ë❼➲✍➼①➶

Ý

➾❻➲✧➸❉➘❭ë✾➲

Ð

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ò

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

ÑÓ

î

➬✒Ô

ü

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐

Ú

Ô❲➬ Ü②Ú

Ô❲➬

ü

×

Ü

ü✶✵✸✷

Ú

Ø

ü

×

Ü

â

Ü ü

Ø

✃ ü

Ú

Ø

ü

×

Ü

Ó

î

Ú

ü

Ø

ü

×

Ü

➬✒Ô

ü

Ñ➻✃❆Ò✬❰

î

➬✒Ô✹✰ Ñ➻✃❆Ò✙❐

Ú

Ô❲➬ Ü②Ú

Ô❲➬

ü

×

Ü②Ú

Ô✐➬

ü

ü

Ü

✵✺✷

Ú

Ø

ü

×

Ü✼✻

Ü

✰Ø

Ú

Ø

ü

×

Ü

Ó

î

Ú

Ø

ü

ü

Ü

➬✒Ô✱✰ Ñ➻✃✯Ò✳❰

ã❚ã❚ã

î

ü

×

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐

Ú

Ô✐➬ Ü➆Ú

Ô❲➬

ü

×

Ü②Ú

Ô❲➬

ü

ü

Ü

✷✺✷✺✷

Ú

Ô

ü

Ü

Ú

➬❽Ô

Ô◆×

Ü

✵✸✷

Ú

Ø

ü

×

Ü

Þ

ß✎✽✕ß➚à

Ü

➬✒Ô

Ô◆×

Ø

Ú

➬✒Ô

Ô◆× Ü②Ú

Ø

ü

×

Ü

Ó

î

Ú❆Ú ➬✒Ô

Ô◆× Ü②Ú

Ø

ü

×

Ü

Ô✯×

Ü

ü

×

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✬❰

î

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐

Ú

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Ù Ñ⑧✃✯Ò

➘❼➳➁➲✟➵➁➸❶➲➦➪✯➧❼➼➽➶➀➨❶➧❼➹★➫➯➘◗➼➯➩☎➫①➨

➾❦➫①➵➁➸✪➭❏➲✍➚❼➳◆➲❚➲✧➘❛➵✓➹★➧✾➩❞➵ ✆❉æ

Ñ▲Ö✻è✾Ò ➘❼➨❉➭

Ñ✦☎

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➾④➲➦➸❉➘❭ë❼➲ ✾❀✿✜❁✳❂❄❃❆❅❈❇✼❉❋❊✫●✄❍✹■❏✾❀✿✥❑▲❂▼■✶◆☛❖❄■

❇◗P❘❅✘❉✠❍✥❇✼❙❚❊✫●✄❍❯❊✍❱❲❅❳❙ ❃✢❅❈❇✼❉❨❊✫●✄❍✹■

❇✼❉✔❅✗P❩❍✥❇✼❉❬❅✗P✬❊✫●✄❍✥❇✼❉✔❅✗P✛❊❪❭❫❍❀■✥■❏■❏❇❴❅❵❭❫❍ ❇◗P❘❅✘❉✔❅❛●❏❍✤❜❝■❝❇✼❙❚❊✫●✄❍❴❞

❁❡✿✜❁✱❂ ❢

❁❀✿✜❁✳❂

■✤◆❫❖❤■

❇◗P✐❅❳❉✎❍✥❇✼❙❚❊❥●❏❍✳❊❳❱❋❅✗❙❫❦

➸❶➲✍➨✝➾④➲✹➵◆➘❼è❼➲

✆✑❐ ➞✑ú➎☎ ➫➽➨

Ñ❞Ö

Ò

Ý

➾④➲✧➧

í

➵❘➘◗➫➽➨

î ù

ü

Ñ⑧✃✯Ò✙❐

î

Ô◆×

Ñ➻✃❆Ò❞Ï❊Ñ➻✃❆Ò❂ú➈➞

î

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra ISSN 1081-3810 A publication of the International Linear Algebra Society Volume

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