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This means that there is a joint alternative hypothesis with two alternatives: (a) long- term mobility is different from the coef fi cient recovered from OLS models estimated
Third, considering all young men or those with a high school diploma or more education, both weighted and unweighted 2SLS estimates con fi rm that the growth in young men’s
Nevertheless, as far as I can tell, the observed positive effect of immigration on natives’ human capital is speci fi c to low- skilled immigrants, which is consistent with
The Y- axis is the estimated coef fi cient (and 95 percent CI) from regressing a school enrollment indicator on 1936 iron consumption averaged to the level of state economic
Four specications are estimated; they focus on family income early in the child’s life (measured by average income over the child’s rst three years in 1984 $) or maternal
The estimated male coef fi cient in the teacher- grade regression is negative in every case, and the misalignment of grades with test scores steadily in- creases as black and
Accordingly, in speci fi cations for children’s test scores at age 10 or 11, the conditional black- white gap falls by about 50 percent more (relative to the unconditional gap)
When household income is added to these speci fi ca- tions in Panel B of Table 6, the association between child educational outcomes and both maternal education and household