60 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Giudice LC. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2389-98.
2. Rogers PA, D’Hooghe TM, Fazleabas A, Giudeice LC, Montgomery
GW, et al. Defining future directions for endometriosis research:
workshop report from the 2011 world congress of endometriosis in
Montpellier, France. Reproductive Sciences 2013; 20(5): 483-99.
3. Bulun SE, Mechanisms of disease: Endometriosis. N Engl J Med
2009; 360: 268-79.
4. Vigano P, Parazzini F, Somigliana E, Vercellini P. Endometriosis:
epidemiology and aetiological factors. Best Practice & Research
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2004; 18(2): 177-200.
5. Wetendorf M, DeMayo FJ. The progesterone receptor regulates
implantation, decidualization, and glandular development via a
complex paracrine signaling network. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012;
357(1-2): 108-18.
6. Stilley JAW, Birt JA, Sharpe-Timms KL. Cellular and molecular basis
for endometriosis-associated infertility. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:
849-62.
7. Bulun SE, Yang S, Fang Z, Gurates B, Tamura M, Sebastian S.
Estrogen production and metabolism in endometriosis. Annals of the
New York Academy of Sciences 2002; 955: 75-85.
8. Kao LC, Germeyer A, Tulac S, Lobo S, Yang JP, Taylor RN, et al.
Expression profiling of endometrium from women with endometriosis
reveals candidate genes for disease-based implantation failure and
infertility. Endocrinology 2003; 144: 2870-81.
9. D'Amora P, Maciel TT, Tambellini R, Mori MA, Pesquero JB, Sato H,
et al. Disrupted cell cycle control in cultured endometrial cells from
patients with endometriosis harboring the progesterone receptor
polymorphism PROGINS. Am J Pathol 2009; 175(1): 215-24.
10. Igarashi TM, Bruner-Tran KL, Yeaman GR, Lessey BA, Edwards DP,
61 in the endometrium of women with endometriosis and in cocultures of
endometrial cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
Fertil Steril 2005; 84(1): 67-74.
11. Chabbert-Buffet N, Meduri G, Bouchard P, Spitz IM. Selective
progesterone receptor modulators and progesterone antagonists:
mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Human Reproduction
Update 2005; 11(3): 293-307.
12. Vigano P, Rabellotti E, Pagliardini L, Somigliana E, Candiani M,
Vercellini P. Progesterone resistance, aromatase, and inflammation:
the important relationships between hormones and inflammation.
Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep 2012; 1: 146-52.
13. Hendarto H. Pathomechanism of infertility in endometriosis.
Intechopen 2012; 8:1-13.
14. Burney RO, Giudice LC. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of
endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2012; 98(3):511-9.
15. Nap AW, Groothius PG, Demir AY, Evers JLH, Dunselman GAJ.
Pathogenesis of endometriosis. Best Practice & Research Clinical
Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2004; 18(2): 233-44.
16. Sekhon LH, Agarwal A. Endometriosis and oxidative stress in Studies on Women’s Health, Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Springer Science+Business Media
New York 2013: pp.149-58.
17. Ahn SH, Monsanto SP, Miller C, Singh SS, Thomas R, Tayade C.
Pathophysiology and immune dysfunction in endometriosis. BioMed
Research International 2014: 1-9.
18. Vinatier D, Orazi G, Cosson M, Dufour P. Theories of endometriosis.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive
Biology 2001; 96: 21-34.
19. Nakago S, Hadfield RM, Zondervan KT, Mardon H, Manek S, Weeks
DE, et al. Association between endometriosis and N-acetyl
transferase 2 polymorphisms in a UK population. Mol Hum Reprod
62 20. Sasson IE, Taylor HS. Stem cells and the pathogenesis of
endometriosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1127:106-15.
21. Sourial S, Tempest N, Hapangama D. Theories on the pathogenesis
of endometriosis. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine
2014: 1-9.
22. Bulun SE, Cheng YH, Pavone ME, Yin P, Imir G, Utsunomiya H.
17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 deficiency and
progesterone resistance in endometriosis. Seminars in Reproductive
Medicine 2010; 28(1): 44-50.
23. Smuc T, Hevir N, Ribic-Pucelj M, Husen B, Thole H, Rizner TL.
Disturbed estrogen and progesterone action in ovarian
endometriosis. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2009; 301:
59-64.
24. Near AM, Wu AH, Templeman C, Van Den Berg DJ, Deoherty JA,
Rossing MA, et al. Progesteron receptor gene polymorphisms and
risk of endometriosis: result from an interenational collaborative
effort. Fertility and Sterility 2011; 95(1): 40-5.
25. Mote PA, Balleine RL, McGowan EM, Clarke CL. Heterogeneity of
progesterone receptors A and B expression in human endometrial
glands and stroma. Hum Reprod 2000; 15(3):48-56.
26. Conneely OM, Lydon JP. Progesterone receptors in reproduction:
functional impact of the A and B isoforms. Steroids 2000; 65(10-11):
571-7.
27. Lee II, Kim JJ. Influence of AKT on progesterone action in
endometrial diseases. Biology of Reproduction 2014; 91(3): 1-10.
28. D Hooghe TM, Hill JA. Endometriosis. In : Berek JS editor. Novak’s
Gynecology. 13th edition.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2010;931-59.
29. D'Hooghe TM, Nugent N, Cuneo S, et al. Recombinant human TNF
binding protein inhibits the development of endometriosis in
baboons: a prospective, randomized, placebo and drug controlled
63 30. Siregar HS. L-Selectin P213S Polymorphism and Macrophage Profils
in Endometriosis; an new insight into the Pathophysiology of
Endometriosis. Approved by Medan, Indonesia. Univ. of Sumatra
Utara 2014. Lambert Academic Publishing, Schaltungsdients Lange
o.H.G., Berlin. p 9-63.
31. Sundqvist. J.Pathophysiological factors and genetic association in
endometriosis. Stockholm. Karolinska Institutet 2011;12-17
32. Bernardi LA, Pavone ME. Infertility. Endometriosis. Women’s Health,
2013;9(3):233-250
33. Lebovic DI, Mueller MD, Taylor RN. Immunobiology of endometriosis.
Fertil Steril, 2001.75, 1-10
34. Paul DW, Braun DP. Immunology of endometriosis. Best Pract Res
Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Elsevier. 2004.18 (2):245-246
35. McCluggage WG. Immunohistochemical and Functional Biomarkers
of Value in Female Genital Tract Lesions. In : Robboy SJ, Mutter GL, et al editors. Robboy’s Pathology of the Female Reproductive Tract. 2nd ed. China : Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2009; 999-1002
36. Djaganata SP. Ekspresi imunohistokimia sel Natural Killer pada
Endometrium ektopik penderita endometriosis. Departemen Obstetri
& Ginekologi Universitas Sumatra Utara 2015, Medan, p.86
37. Tung L, Abdel-Hafiz H, Shen T, Harvell DME, Nitao LK, Richer JK, et
al. Progesterone Receptors (PR)-B and -A regulate transcription by
different mechanisms: AF-3 exerts regulatory control over coactivator
binding to PR-B. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 20(11): 2656-70.
38. Hayashi A, Tanabe A, Kawabe S, Hayshi M, Yuguchi H, Yamashita
Y, et al. Dienogest increases the progesterone receptor isoform B/A
ratio in patients with ovarian endometriosis. Journal of Ovarian
Research 2012; 5(31): 1-8.
39. Arnett-Mansfield RL, deFazio A, Mote PA, Clarke CL. Subnuclear
distribution of progesterone receptors A and B in normal and
malignant endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 89(3):
64 40. Takano M, Lu Z, Goto T, Fusi L, Higham J, Francis J, et al.
Transcriptional cross talk between the forkhead transcription factor
forkhead box O1A and the progesterone receptor coordinates cell
cycle regulation and differentiation in human endometrial stromal
cells. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21(10): 2334-49.
41. Xue Q, Lin Z, Cheng YH, Huang CC, Marsh E, Yin P, et al. Promoter
methylation regulates estrogen receptor 2 in human endometrium
and endometriosis. Biology of Reproduction 2007; 77(4): 681-7.
42. Yang S, Fang Z, Gurates B, Tamura M, Miller J, Ferrer K, et al.
Stromal PRs mediate induction of 17beta-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase type 2 expression in human endometrial epithelium:
a paracrine mechanism for inactivation of E2. Molecular
Endocrinology 2013; 15(12): 2093-105.
43. Liu Z, Auboef D, Wong J, Chen JD, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, et al.
Coactivator/corepressor ratios modulate PR-mediated transcription
by the selective receptor modulator RU486. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences 2002; 99(12):7940-4.
44. Rowan BG, Weigel NL, O’Malley BW. Phosphorylation of steroid
receptor Coactivator-1: identification of the phosphorylation sites and
phosphorylation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase
pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000; 275: 4475-83.
45. Shao R, Cao S, Wang X, Feng Y, Billig H. The elusive and
controversial roles of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human
endometriosis. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6(2): 104-13.
46. Mulac-Jericevic B, Conneely OM. Reproductive tissue selective
actions of progesterone receptors. Reproduction 2004; 128: 139-46.
47. Al-Sabbagh M, Lam EWF, Brosens JJ. Mechanisms of endometrial
progesterone resistance. Molecuar and Cellular Endocrinology 2012;
358: 208-15.
48. Dordevic M, Mitrovic S, Jovanovic B, Sazdanovic P, Folic M, Mitrovic
M, et al. Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in
65 49. Li X, O’Malley BW. Unfolding the action of progesterone receptors.
The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278(41): 39261-4.
50. Cheng YH, Imir A, Fenkci V, Yilmaz MB, Bulun SE. Stromal cells of
endometriosis fail to produce paracrine factors that induce epithelial
17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene and its
transcriptional regulator Sp1: a mechanism for defective estradiol
metabolism. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:391.e1-391.e8.
51. Attia GR, Zeitoun K, Edwards D, Johns A, Carr BR, Bulun SE.
Progesterone receptor isoform A but not B is expressed in
endometriosis. Endocrinol Metab 2013; 85(8): 2897-902.
52. Treloar SA, Zhao ZZ, Armitage T, Duffy DL, Wicks J, O’Connor DT,
et al. Association between polymorphisms in the progesterone
receptor gene and endometriosis. Mol. Hum. Reprod 2005; 11(9):
641-7.
53. Wu Y, Strawn D, Basir Z, Halverson G, Guo SW. Promoter
hypermethylation of progesterone receptor isoform B (PR-B) in
endometriosis. Epigenetics 2006; 1(2): 106-11.
54. De Vivo I, Huggins GS, Hankinson SE, Lescault PJ, Boezen M,
Colditz GA, et al. A functional polymorphism in the promoter of the
progesterone receptor gene associated with endometrial cancer risk.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99(19):12263-8.
55. Berchuck A, Schildkraut JM, Wenham RM, Calingaert B, Ali S,
Henriott A, et al. Progesterone receptor promoter +331A
polymorphism is associated with a reduced risk of endometrioid and
clear cell ovarian cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004;
13(12):2141-7.
56. Bulun SE, Chen YH, Yin P, Imir G, Utsunomiya H, Attar E, et al.
Progesterone resistance in endometriosis: link to failure to
metabolize estradiol. Mollecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2006;
66 57. Kim LJ, Kurita T, Bulun SE. Progesterone action in endometrial
cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and breast cancer. Endocrine
Reviews 2013; 34: 130-62.
58. Pullen N. Progesterone Resistance and Targeting the Progesterone
Receptors: A Therapeutic Approach to Endometriosis. Intechopen
2012;9: 157-82.
59. Gellersen B, Fernandes MS, Brosens JJ. Non-genomic progesterone
actions in female reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15(1):
119-38.
60. Bulun SE, Cheng YH, Pavone ME, Xue Q, Attar E, Trukacheva E, et
al. Estrogen Receptor-β, Estrogen Receptor-α, and progesterone
resistance in endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med 2010; 28(1): 36-43.
61. Mylonas I, Jeschke U, Shabani N, Kuhn C, Balle A, Kriegel S, et al.
Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen
receptor beta and progesterone receptor in normal human
endometrium. Acta Histochemica 2004; 106: 245-52.
62. Mote PA, Johnston JF, Manninen T, Tuohimaa P, Clarke CL.
Detection of progesterone receptor forms A and B by
immunohistochemical analysis. J Clin Pathol 2001; 54: 624-30.
63. Mylonas I, Jeschke U, Shabani N, Khun C, Kunze S, Dian D, et al.
Steroid receptors ER alpha, ER beta, PR-A and PR-B are
differentially expressed in normal and atrophic human endometrium.
Histol Histopathol 2007; 22: 169-76.
64. Masayuki S., Yasuhisa Y, Junya I, Tetsuji O,Kazumi K, and
Masahide Nishibori, et al. Expression of two progesterone receptor
isoforms in cumulus cells and their roles during meiotic esumption of
porcine oocytes. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (2004) 33, 209–
225.
65. Leo JCL, Valerie C.L., et al. The activities of progesterone receptor
isoform A and B are differentially modulated by their ligands in a
67 66. Conneely OM, Mulac-jericevic B, Demayo F, Lydon JP, and Bert W. O’malley. et al. Reproductive functions of progesterone receptors. Department of molecular and cellular biology, baylor college of
medicine, Houston, texas 77030.
67. Elizabeth Anderson, et al. Review, Progesterone receptors – animal
models and cell signaling in breast cancer The role of oestrogen and
progesterone receptors in human mammary development and
tumorigenesis. Breast Cancer Res 2002, 4:197-201
68. Bergqvist A, Ferno M, Skoog L. Quantitative enzyme immunoassay
and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry of estrogen and
progesterone receptors in endometriotic tissue and endometrium. J
Clin Pathol 2007;50:496-500
69. Qureshi A, Pervez S. Allred scoring for ER reportingand it’s impact in
clearly distinguishing ER negative from ER positive breast cancer.
Journal Pakistan Medical Association 2010; 60(5):350-3
70. Choudhury KR, Yagle KJ, Swanson PE, Krohn KA, Rajendran JG. A
robust automated measure of average antibody staining in
immunohistochemistry images. Journal of Histochemistry &
