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GROUP INVESTIGATION: CHANGING
STUDENTS’
SPEAKING SKILL FROM OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF
COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION
(An Experimental Study on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk Klaten in the Academic Year of 2013/2014)
By
OKVITASARI NUGRAHENI
S891208036
English Education Department
Graduate School
Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Sebelas Maret University
Surakarta
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APPROVAL SHEET
GROUP INVESTIGATION: CHANGING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL FROM OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION
APPREHENSION
(An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/ 2014)
Okvitasari Nugraheni S891208036
This thesis has been approved by the Board of Consultants of the English
Education Department, Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta
on Dec 17 th, 2014.
Consultant I Second Consultant II
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd. Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd NIP. 195203071980031005 NIP. 195905051986012001
Approved by:
The Head of English Education Department
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iii
LEGITIMATION
Group Investigation: Changing Students‟ Speaking Skill from the Perspective of Communication Apprehension
(An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/2014)
By:
Okvitasari Nugraheni S891208036
This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English Education Department of Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University
On December 17th 2014
Board of examiners : Signature
1. Chairperson
Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M.Ed, Ph.D
NIP. 19600918 198702 2 001 ………..
Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd
NIP. 19590505 198601 2 001 ………..
Legalized by
The Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Sebelas Maret University
Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah., M.Pd NIP.19600727198702100
The Head of English Education Department Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd
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iv ABSTRACT
Okvitasari Nugraheni. S891208036. 2014. Group Investigation: Changing Students’ Speaking Skill of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP N 1 Trucuk Viewed From Communication Apprehension. Thesis. 1 st consultant: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd; 2nd consultant: Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hd. Program Study English Education Department of Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University.
This study aims at identifying whether 1) Group Investigation is more effective than direct method to teach speaking; 2) Students with low level of communication apprehension have better speaking skill than those with high level of communication apprehension; 3) there is an interaction between teaching methods used and students‟ level of communication apprehension.
The research was conducted in the second semester of the eighth grade of SMP N 1 Trucuk in the academic year of 2013/2014. The sampling used was cluster random sampling. The samples were two classes which consist of 28 students of class VIIIG as the experimental class and 28 students of class VIIIA as the control class. The instruments used to collect research data cover the communication apprehension‟s questionnaire, and speaking test.
The data obtained after the treatment was analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to find out the mean, median, mode, histogram and polygon of speaking score. Still, it is important to assign normality and homogeneity test as the prerequisite of using inferential analysis. Normality test was used to know whether the sample distributes normally or not while homogeneity test was used to know the data are homogeneous or not. Inferential analysis used was ANOVA and Tukey Test. The hypothesis was tested using ANOVA to find out whether the difference is significant or not. If Ho is rejected, the analysis was continued to know the degree of effectiveness between two method using tukey test. The finding reveals that: (1) Group Investigation is significantly different from direct method to teach speaking; (2) the students with low level of communication apprehension have better speaking performance than those with high level of communication apprehension; (3) there is an interaction between teaching methods and the students‟ level of communication apprehension.
Based on research findings, it can be concluded that Group Investigation is an effective method to teach speaking to the eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Trucuk in the academic year of 2013/2014. However, in the implementation of the method, a teacher must consider the students‟ level of communication apprehension. As proved in this research, communication apprehension influences the students‟ speaking skill. By considering the students‟ level of communication apprehension, a teacher can use the method properly to teach speaking in order to improve the students‟achievment optimally. For other researchers, it is hoped that these research findings can be used as a reference for future researches. Moreover, other researchers may conduct researches viewed from other psychological aspects.
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v
Motto
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PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to declare that I myself wrote this thesis, entitle “Group
Investigation: Changing Students‟ Speaking Skill Viewed From Communication
Apprehension (An Experimental Research on the Eighth Grade Students of SMP
N 1 Trucuk Klaten in the Academic year of 2013/ 2014)”. It is not a plagiarism or
made by others. Anything related to the others‟s work is written in quotation and
the source of which is listed on the bibliography.
If then this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any
academic punishment including the withdrawal or cancellation of my academic
degree.
Surakarta, 2014
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vii DEDICATION
The writer would like to present this thesis to:
Allah SWT
Her beloved husband
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirobbil „alamin, the researcher expresses her highest gratitude to
Allah SWT for blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to complete this
thesis. Shalawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad SAW who had delivered the
truth to human beings in general and muslim in particular. In completing this
thesis, the researcher received a lot of helps that she would like to express her
gratitude and appreciation to:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education who had given
permission to write this thesis.
2. The Director of Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University who had
given his permission to write this thesis.
3. The Head of the English Education Department of Graduate Program for his
guidance and advise to write this thesis.
4. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd, the first consultant for his patience, guidance, helps,
advice and support during this thesis writing.
5. Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A, P.hD, the second consultant for her patience,
guidance, helps, advice and support during this thesis writing.
6. The Headmaster of SMP N 1 Trucuk for the permission to conduct the
research in SMP N 1 Trucuk.
7. The English Teacher of SMP N 1 Trucuk for the help to conduct the research
in SMP N 1 Trucuk.
8. The students of SMP N 1 Trucuk Class VIIIG and VIIIA for their willingness
to take part on the research conducted.
9. All of her beloved friends, class B, thanks for everything.
I hope this thesis can be beneficial for others and it can improve the knowledge of
the researcher herself.
The Researcher
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1. The Nature of Speaking a. The Meaning of Speaking Skill... 9
b. The Purpose of Speaking Skill... 10
c. The Aspects of Speaking Skill... 11
d. Construct of Speaking Skill... 13
e. Speaking Assessment... 14
f. The Concept of Teaching Speaking... 16
g. The Problem with Speaking Activities and the Ideas for Solving the Problem... 19
h. Characteristics of Successful Speaking Activity... 22
2. The Nature of Group Investigation a. The Meaning of Group Investigation... 22
b. The Steps of Group Investigation... 24
c. Advantages of Group Investigation... 25
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x 3. The Nature of Direct Method
a. The Meaning of Direct Method... 26
b. The Steps of Direct Method... 27
c. Disadvantages of Direct Method... 29
d. Advantages of Direct Method... 29
4. Communication Apprehension a. Concept of Communication Apprehension... 30
b. Factors of Reducing Communication Apprehension... 32
c. Construct of Communication Apprehension... 33
B. Review of Relevant Studies... 33
C. Rationale ... ... 37
D. Hypothesis ... 39
CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH A. The Place of the Research ... 40
G. Statistical Hypotheses ... 48
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Implementation of the Research ... 49
B. Description of Data ... 50
C. Pre-requisite Testing ... 59
D. Hypothesis test ... 63
E. Discussions ... 68
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusions ... 75
B. Implication and Suggestion ... ... 75
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 79
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xi
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1: Comparing the Indicator of Speaking ... 12
Table 2.1: Rating Scale of Speaking ... 14
Table 3.1: Comparing of the Indicator of Communication Apprehension ... 31
Table 4.1: The Activities of the Research ... 40
Table 5.1: Implementation of the Research ... 49
Table 6.1: Frequency Distribution of data A1 ... 51
Table 6.2: Frequency Distribution of data A2 ... 52
Table 6.3: Frequency Distribution of data B1 ... 53
Table 6.4: Frequency Distribution of data B2 ... 54
Table 6.5: Frequency Distribution of data A1B1 ... 55
Table 6.6: Frequency Distribution of data A2B1 ... 56
Table 6.7: Frequency Distribution of data A1B2 ... 57
Table 6.8: Frequency Distribution of data A2B2 ... 58
Table 7.1: The Summary of Normality Test ... 59
Table 8.1: Homogeneity Test ... 62
Table 9.1: The Mean Score of the Cells ... 64
Table 9.2: The Summary of Analysis of Variance ... 64
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1.1: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1 ... 51
Figure 1.2: Histogram and Polygon of Data A2 ... 52
Figure 1.3: Histogram and Polygon of Data B1 ... 53
Figure 1.4: Histogram and Polygon of Data B2 ... 54
Figure 1.5: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1 ... 55
Figure 1.6: Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B2 ... 56
Figure 1.7: Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B1 ... 57
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xiii
LIST OF APPENDICIES
Appendix 1 : Lesson Plan for Experimental Class ... 83
Appendix 2 : Lesson Plan for Control Class ... 148
Appendix 3 : Blue Print of Communication Apprehension‟s questionnaire .... 215
Appendix 4 : Validity of the questionnaire of CA ... 219
Appendix 5 : Reliability of the questionnaire of CA ... 227
Appendix 6 : Questionnaire of CA after tried out ... 228
Appendix 7 : Readability of Speaking Test ... 231
Appendix 8 : Speaking Score of Experimental Class ... 232
Appendix 9 : Speaking Score of Control Class ... 233
Appendix 10 : Speaking Score of Students with Low Level of CA ... 234
Appendix 11 : Speaking Score of Students with High Level of CA ... 235
Appendix 12 : Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation ... 236
Appendix 13 : Normality Test ... 244
Appendix 14 : Homogenity Test ... 252
Appendix 15 : ANOVA ... 253
