POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN CBS ‘60 MINUTES’ INTERVIEW BETWEEN BARACK OBAMA AND STEVE KORFT REGARDING OSAMA BIN LADEN’S EXECUTION.

(1)

POPITENESS STRATEGIES IN CBS ‘60 MINUTES’ INTERVIEW BETWEEN BARACK OBAMA AND STEVE KORFT REGARDING OSAMA BIN PADEN’S

EXECUTION

Submitted in partial fulfillment of a Sarjana Sastra degree

Dwitania Kemala

0707906

ENGPISH DEPARTMENT

FACUPTY OF PANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION

INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

(2)

POPITENESS STRATEGIES IN CBS ‘60 MINUTES’

INTERVIEW BETWEEN BARACK OBAMA AND STEVE

KORFT REGARDING OSAMA BIN PADEN’S

EXECUTION

Oleh Dwitania Kemala

Sebuah skripsi lang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu slarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana pada Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni

Agustus 2014

\

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

(3)

POPITENESS STRATEGIES IN CBS ‘60 MINUTES’ INTERVIEW BETWEEN BARACK OBAMA AND STEVE KORFT REGARDING OSAMA BIN PADEN’S

EXECUTION

A Research Paper

Written by:

Dwitania Kemala

0707906

Approved by:

Main Supervisor Co-Supervisor

Dadang Sudana, M.A., Ph.D Budi Hermawan, S.Pd., M.P.C.

NIP. 196009191990031001 NIP. 197308072002121002

The Head of English Education Department Indonesia University of Education

(4)

Dwitania Kemala,2014

POPITENESS STRATEGIES IN CBS ‘60 MINUTES’ INTERVIEW BETWEEN BARACK OBAMA AND STEVE KORFT REGARDING OSAMA BIN PADEN’S EXECUTION

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The stude is aimed at investigating politeness strategies observed be Barack Obama in the interview with Steve Kroft in CBS ’60 Minutes” regarding Osama bin Laden’s execution. This stude emploeed a qualitative research design which included quantification to compute the number of occurrences of the data. The data were obtained from a transcription of interview of Barack Obama in CBS official website. ror the framework of analesis, the stude applied politeness strategies proposed be Brown and Levinson (1978).

The stude reveals that Obama onle observed 3 politeness strategies. Obama frequentle observed negative politeness strategies in the interview with 22 occurrences from 38 occurrences. Hedges were the most frequent sub-stratege of negative politeness observed be Obama. Then, it was respectivele followed be impersonalizing S and H, and the last were giving deference and nominalization. Be observing negative politeness stratege and its sub-strategies Obama tried to distance himself to the interview to save his negative face. The second, Obama observed positive politeness strategies and off-records strategies. rrequence of both politeness strategies were 8 times. Positive politeness and its sub-strategies were observed in order to hide the truth, to convince and to share experience with the interlocutor. While, off-record stratege and its sub-strategies were observed in order to avoid rTA. Through the result above, it can be inferred that Obama tended to put him and the interlocutor on distance but he still wanted to show solidarite to the hearers be showing his appreciation.

(5)

ABSTRAK

Abstrak: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi strategi kesantunan eang dipatui oleh Barak Obama di dalam wawancara bersama Steve Kroft di CBS ’60 Minutes” mengenai eksekusi Osama bin Laden. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melibatkan hitungan untuk menghitung jumlah kemunculan data. Data dalam kajian ini diperoleh dari rekaman wawancara Barak Obama dari situs resmi CBS. Kerangka analisis eang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah teori strategi kesantutan eang dikemukakan oleh Brown dan Levinson (1978).

Kajian ini menunjukan bahwa Obama hanea mematuhi 3 strategi kesantunan. Obama lebih baneak mematuhi strategi kesantunan negatif di dalam wawancaranea dengan 22 kemunculan dari 38. Hedges adalah sub-strategi eang paling sering digunakan oleh Obama dari kesantunan negatif. Urutan kedua diikuti oleh impersonalisasi pembicara dan pendengar, dan sub-strategi terakhir dalam kesantunan negatif adalah member rasa hormat dan nominalisasi. Dengan mematuhi strategi kesantunan negatif dan sub-strateginea, Obama berusaha untuke menjaga jarak antara dirinea dan pewawancara untuk menjaga wajah negatifnea. Strategi kesantunan kedua eang dipatuhi Obama adalah Strategi kesantunan positif dan strategi off-record. Kemunculan dari setiap sdua strategi tersebut adalah 8. Kesantunan positif dan sub-strateginea adalah untuk meneembuneikan kebenaran, untuk meeakinkan dan untuk berbagi pengalaman dengan lawan bicara. Sedangkan strategi kesantunan off-record dan sub-strateginea dipatuhi untuk menghindar dari tindakan eang mengancam wajah. Dengan hasil di atas, disimpulkan bahwa Obama cenderung untuk menjaga jarak antara dirinea dan lawan bicaranea tetapi Obama ingin tetap menunjukan solidaritas pada lawan bicaranea dengan menunjukan rasa hormatnea.

(6)

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE OF APPROVAL ... i

STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ... ii

PREFACE ... iii

1.5 Significant of Study ... 4

1.6 Research Methodology ... 4

1.7 Clarification of Key Terms ... 5

1.8 Organization of Paper... 6

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Politeness Strategies ... 7

2.2 Brown and Levinson Politeness Strategies... 9

2.2.1 Bald On-Record Strategy ... 10

2.2.2 Positive Politeness Strategy ... 11

2.2.3 Negative Politeness Strategy ... …..13

2.2.4 Off-Record Strategy ... 15

2.3 Interview ... 18

2.4 Relevant Studies ... 19

2.5 Concluding Remark ... 20

(7)

3.2 Research Design ... 21

3.3 Data Collection ... 21

3.4 Data Analysis ... 22

3.5 Data Presentation ... 23

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1. Politeness Strategies in Barack Obama’s Interview ... 24

4.1.1 Negative Politeness ... 25

4.1.2 Positive Politeness ... 29

4.2 Discussion. ... 34

4.2.1 Negative Politeness ... 34

4.2.2 Positive Politeness ... 37

4.3 Concluding Remark ... ..39

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 41

5.2 Suggestions ... 42

(8)

POPITENESS STRATEGIES IN CBS ‘60 MINUTES’ INTERVIEW BETWEEN BARACK OBAMA AND STEVE KORFT REGARDING OSAMA BIN PADEN’S EXECUTION

REFERENCES

Aulia, K. (2013). Politeness strategies usage in accompanying assertive illocutionary acts on Barack Obama’s speech and interview towards the development of islamic center near ground zero. The International Journal on Science.16(1), 52-60

Aziz, E. A. (2000). Refusing in Indonesian: Strategies and politeness implicature (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Monash University, Australia.

Aziz, E. A. (2005). Face and politeness phenomena in the changing China.

Makara, Social Humaniora, 9(1), 1-15

Azis, E. A. (2012). Pragmatik lintas budaya. Retrieved from http://aminudin.staf.upi.edu/2012/02/17/pragmatik-lintas-budaya/

Bell, P. & van Leeuwen, T. (1994). The media interview: Confession, contest, conversation. New South Wales: New South Wales University Press

Bousfield, D. (2009). Impoliteness in interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Company

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1978). Politeness: Some universal in language usage. New York: Cambridge University Press

Brozin, M. (2010). The intentions behind Barack Obama's strategic use of personal pronouns (Unpublished paper). Retrieved from http://hig.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:375134/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

Chilton, P. & Schaffner, C. (2002). Introduction: Themes and principles in the analysis of political discourse. In Chilton, P. & Schaffner, C. (Eds.) Politics as text and talk: Analytical approaches to political discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Company.

Clayman, S & Heritage, J. (2002). The news interview: Journalist and public figures on the air. Cambrige: Cambrige University Press

Coulmas, F. (2005). Sociolinguistics: The study of speaker’s choice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

(9)

Ekstrom, M & Patrona, M. (2001). (Eds.). Talking politics in broadcast media. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Company.

Fialova, K. (2010). Expressing politeness in American TV programmes. (Unpublished paper). Masaryk University, Czech.

Fraser, B. (1996). Pragmatic markers. International Pragmatics Association, 6(2),

167-190. Retrieved from

http://elanguage.net/journals/pragmatics/article/viewFile/418/350

Harris, S. (2001). Being politically impolite: extending politeness theory to adversarial political discourse. London: Sage Publican Ltd.

Kroft, S. (Interviewer). (2011, May 4). Interview with Barack Obama. In ’60 Minutes’. (Television Broadcast). New York, United States: CBS

Lakoff, R.T. (1990). Talking power: The politics of language. New York: Basic Book Lakoff, R.T & Ide, S. (2005). Broadening the horizon of linguistic politeness.

Amsterdam: John Benjamin.

Leech, G. (1983). Principle of pragmatics. New York: Longman

Mullany, L. (2002). "I don’t think you want me to get a word in edgeways do you John ?" Re-assessing (im)politeness, language and gender in political broadcast interviews. Retrieved from http://extra.shu.ac.uk/wpw/politeness/mullany.htm Maxwell, J.A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (2nd

edition). London: Sage Publican Ltd.

Nanda, S. (2010). Conversational implicature and politeness strategies of the presenter in take me out Indonesia (Unpublished paper). Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia.

Narloch, J. (2005). Language in use – the pragmatically term politeness in reference to the serial Friends. Standort Duisburg: Universitat Duisburg-Essen,

Patrickova, I. (2012). Politeness strategies in interview question. (Unpublished paper).

Masaryk University, Czech. Retrieved from

http://is.muni.cz/th/325815/ff_b/Thesis.pdf.

(10)

Rahayu, W. (2012). The realization of Grice’s cooperative principles in “Obama exclusive RCTI bersama Putra Nababan”: Presidential interview. (Unpublished paper). Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia.

Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to pragmatics. New York: Longman.

Van Dijk, T. A. (2006). Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction. London: Sage Publican Ltd.

Watts, R. J. & Ide, E. (Eds.). (1992). Politeness in language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyiter.

Weizman, E. (2008). Positioning in media dialogue: Negotiating roles in the news interview. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Company.

Wilamova, S. (2005). On the function of hedging devices in negatively polite discourse (Unpublished paper). Masaryk University, Czech.

Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.