SELFISH AND UNSELFISH WAYS OF LOVING AS
DEPICTED BY THE FOUR CHARACTERS IN WILKIE
COLLINS’
THE MOONSTONE
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
NURI IKHSAN SAMODRO
Student Number: 0142114087
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
SELFISH AND UNSELFISH WAYS OF LOVING AS
DEPICTED BY THE FOUR CHARACTERS IN WILKIE
COLLINS’
THE MOONSTONE
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
NURI IKHSAN SAMODRO
Student Number: 0142114087
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In finishing this thesis, I would like to thank many people who have supported me with their help, care, love and prayer. First, I would like to express my great gratitude to Allah the Almighty for His endless blessing and for giving me spirit and guidance in accomplishing this thesis.
My great gratitude is also dedicated to my beloved mother and father who always support and give me advice and prayer during my study. They have worked hard to make me a better man. I would like to express my thanks to my brother Mas Wiwit for his endless support and my little sister, Dik Dati’ for the motivation to complete my study. Also, I thank Rani for the sweetness and the bitterness we have been through.
I wish to express my gratitude to my advisor, Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd, M.Hum for all her help, patience and understanding in guiding me to finish my undergraduate thesis. I also would like to express my gratitude to my Co. Advisor, Dra. Th. Enny Anggraini, M.A. for her critical corrections and suggestions to improve my thesis and also I thank to lecturers and secretariat staff of English Letters Department for the lessons and help during my study in Sanata Dharma University.
My friends in English Letter 2001: Imbik, Fariz, Yoseph, Petrus, Wawan, Farah, Milla, Gerry, Erna, Ayu, Sindha, Sigit, Endra, Ian, Obed, Wisnu, Tito, Yongkie and others whom I can not mention here, I thank you all for sharing a piece of your life with me.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ………...……...………...….…….. i
APPROVAL PAGE ………...…..………. ii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE ………...……..………. iii
MOTTO PAGE ………..…....…...…..………. iv
DEDICATION PAGE ………...….….………. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………...….…...……. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………....…...….………. vii
ABSTRACT ………...…...….………. ix
ABSTRAK ………...…………...…….….………. x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ………...…………..…….. 1
B. Problem Formulation ………...…...……..…….. 3
C. Objectives of the Study ………...……..…….. 3
D. Definition of Terms ………...………...….……..…….. 4
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW A. Review of Related Studies ... 5
B. Review of Related Theories ... 8
1. Theories of Character and Characterization ………...…….. 9
2. Theory of Love
………..….. 12
3. The Relation between Literature and Psychology
……...….. 15
C. Theoretical Framework
………..…....….. 16
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study ………...……….….….. 18
B. Approach of the Study ... 19
C. Method of the Study ...………...….……….. 20
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ...... 21
A. The Four Characters Analysis ... 21
B. The Analysis on the Four Characters’ Way of Loving ... 35
CHAPTER V:CONCLUSION ... 53
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 58
APPENDICES ... 60
Appendix 1 Summary of the Novel ... 60
Appendix 2 The Life of the Author ... 63
ABSTRACT
NURI IKHSAN SAMODRO (2007):
SELFISH AND UNSELFISH WAYS OF
LOVING DEPICTED BY THE FOUR CHARACTERS IN WILKIE
COLLINS’
THE MOONSTONE
,
Yogyakarta: Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma
University.
Love is a powerful thing in this world which can influence someone’s life, so it will always be interesting to be told in a literary work. This thesis deals with Wilkie Collins’ work entitled The Moonstone. This novel tells about a mystery of the theft of an Indian idols’ diamond, named the Moonstone. In this story, there are four characters who play an important role. Those four characters experience and express two different ways of loving, there are selfish and unselfish ways of loving. The unselfish way of loving is ruled by honesty and patience, while the selfish way of loving is ruled by passion and wrong motivation.
To gain the points of the study, the writer formulated two main problems. The first is to reveal the characteristics of the four characters in the novel and the second is to reveal selfish and unselfish ways of loving which are expressed by the four characters in the story.
The study uses library research in completing this thesis since the writer collected data from several books. To answer the problems, this study uses psychological approach. This approach is used to deal with human life together with his mind and behavior. This study focuses on the four main characters’ ways of loving their beloved ones.
ABSTRAK
NURI IKHSAN SAMODRO (2007):
SELFISH AND UNSELFISH WAYS OF
LOVING DEPICTED BY THE FOUR CHARACTERS IN WILKIE
COLLINS’
THE MOONSTONE
,
Yogyakarta: Fakultas Sastra, Universitas
Sanata Dharma.
Cinta adalah sesuatu yang sangat luar biasa yang dapat mempengaruhi hidup seseorang, dan cinta pasti akan sangat menarik untuk diceritakan dalam sebuah karya sastra. Skripsi ini membahas novel Wilkie Collin yang berjudul The Moonstione. Novel ini bercerita tentang sebuah misteri pencurian permata yang bernama Moonstone. Ada empat tokoh yang mempunyai peran penting dalam cerita ini. Dalam cerita tersebut, keempat tokohnya menunjukan dua cara berbeda dalam mencintai seseorang, yaitu cara mencinta yang egois dan cara mencinta yang tidak egois. Cara mencinta yang tidak egois didasari oleh kesabaran dan kejujuran, sedangkan cara mencinta yang tidak egois didasari oleh nafsu dan motivasi yang tidak baik.
Untuk mendapatkan poin penting dalam pembahasan topik, penulis telah menyusun dua permasalahan: Yang pertama adalah karakter-karakter apa yang digambarkan oleh keempat tokoh dalam cerita, dan yang kedua adalah bagaimana cara mencinta yang egois dan cara mencinta yang tidak egois ditunjukkan oleh keempat tokoh dalam cerita.
Skripsi ini menggunakan studi pustaka karena penulis menggunakan data-data yang diperoleh dari beberapa buku. Untuk menjawab pertanyaaan dalam studi ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan psikologi. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk mengungkap masalah yang berhubungan dengan pikiran dan tingkah laku manusia yang difokuskan pada masalah cara mencinta dari keempat tokohnya.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
That man’s life and activity are complicated and unique is evidence why they become very interesting to be observed. Human life and its uniqueness are considered as the most interesting subject to be discussed in a literary work, including novel. Love is a very common theme in literary works and love story is always interesting to be told. According to Hauck in his book How to Love and Beloved, love is one of the most desired conditions in the world and many people perceive it as common experiences although on the other hand love is also one of the most painful condition. No other subject has been expressed in so much song, poetry and prose. Love is a powerful thing which can influence somebody’s life (Hauck, 1983: 1).
The Moonstone is considered as one of Collin’s great success and it will be very interesting and challenging for the writer to have a study on this novel. The story itself tells about the mystery of a precious diamond theft, named the Moonstone. There are four characters that play important roles in this story. The first character is Franklin Blake, a cultured and well educated gentleman who loves Rachel. The second character is Rachel Verinder, an attractive lady who loves Franklin but tries to combat her passionate feeling of love and trust in Franklin after seeing him steal her diamond. The third character is Rosanna Spearman, a housemaid who falls in love with Franklin at the first sight. The last is Godfrey Ablewhite, a good looking and religious minded gentleman who proposes Rachel for his mercenary motive.
they are a couple that has everything that people want. They are rich, have social status and love each other. Unfortunately, Rachel breaks up their relationship after seeing Franklin acts to be the busiest man in the investigation. On the other hand, Franklin who works hard during the investigation is very upset with Rachel’s extraordinary conduct. Rosanna, who falls in love with Franklin at the first sight, becomes blinded and unwise. She commits suicide and brings the mystery of the theft with her. Before her death, Rosanna left a letter to Franklin contains the evidence that Franklin is actually the person who took the diamond. Rosanna’s action is the same as what Rachel does. They protect their beloved man instead of telling the truth that he is the thief. While, Godfrey sees the opportunity to propose Rachel’s wealth when knowing that Rachel breaks her relationship with Franklin.
This study aims to reveal how the four characters in the story love their beloved one, since each character expresses two different ways of loving someone. This novel is presenting the contrast between passion and self-control which means uncontrolled desires. This contrast is wrapped in the four characters’ ways of loving, which is selfish and unselfish. Those characters’ different ways of loving are ruled by passion and motivation of the four main characters in the story.
B. Problem Formulation
1. What are the characteristics of the four characters in the novel?
2. How are selfish and unselfish ways of loving depicted by the four characters in the story?
C. Objectives of Study
The objective of the study is to answer the question stated in the problem formulations. There are two questions which should be answered in the analysis in order to help the reader to understand. The first question answers what is the characteristic of each character in the story. The second question will answer how selfish and unselfish ways of loving are depicted by the four characters in the story.
It is very necessary to know the characteristics of the four main characters in Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone. By revealing the characteristics of the four characters, the study is trying to reveal the four characters’ ways of loving toward their beloved man and woman.
E. Definition of terms
Two terms need to be clarified in order to avoid the ambiguities or misunderstanding the meaning of the terms used in this analysis.
1. Character
2. Selfish
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
A. Review of related Studies
Criticisms both can be favorable and unfavorable for a literary work. The literary criticism can be a serious examination on the literary work. Therefore, criticism is very important as the fact that people pay their attention to the presents of literary work which attracts people to read or see it. Then, literary criticism is hoped to support the writer to analyze the problems discussed in this study. As one of Collins’ literary work, The Moonstone also attracts people to criticize it. To support the reference about this novel, the writer also takes several references from internet in order to support the writer in analyzing in this study.
In Encyclopedia of English Literature, Robert explains that Wilkie Collins’ first work was the biography of his father, who was a painter. It was published in 1848 and was universally recognize as a valuable edition to our art biography. Then, he tried another field of literary work. He turned to fiction, and in 1850 he published a classic romance entitled Antonia, or the fall of Rhome. Though those were much inferior to Bulwer’s historical romances, Collins’ works evinced his art in contracting an interesting story, and this dramatic faculty has distinguished his subsequent production. His work kept its readers in breathless suspense-the delight of all lovers of romance-until the mystery was unfolded (1988: 668).
such as Antonia (1850), The Woman in White (1860), No Name (1862), Armadale (1866), The Moonstone (1868), Heart and Science (1883) were all popular success (1978: 259).
Rogers in The Oxford Illustrated History of English Literature states that Wilkie Collins remains the greatest English master of the mystery story. During the 1860s his writing style using unrivalled exponent was known as the ‘Sensation Novel’. Collins’ The Woman in White, which had been serialized in All the Year Round in 1980, is a tour de force, both a disturbing treatment of insanity and a clever narrative structure. The Moonstone (1868) has a yet more sophisticated series of narrators, each adding clues toward the unfolding of the mystery and it shows an interest in the unconscious mind under the influence of drugs which may well have inspired Dickens’ plot for Edwin Drood (1987: 347)
In The Cambridge History of English Literature Collins’ stated that his method is the long pertinacious unraveling of a skein of crime, not by professional detective, but by a person compelling human interest in the elucidation. Surprise and false trails keep curiosity on the rack of the readers; the struggle for conceal document or treasure add the touch of action; deeds done in abnormal mental states add the touch of the mystery. Those all blend with other sensational elements that of constantly stimulated excitement. Collins brings to bear his accurate knowledge of law, medicine, chemistry, drugs (he was opium taker), hypnotism and somnambulism. He has the power of generating the atmosphere of foreboding and imparting to natural scenes a desolation which befits depression and horror spirit. Most characteristic of his method is telling the story using diaries, letters and memoranda to be contributed by the chief actors. He also creates mental labyrinth through the intricate windings of time, place or person (1976: 437-438)
characters of the story are visualized to the audience. As a literary work, Wilkie Collins’ The Moonstone has also been adapted into movie versions for at least three times.
In 1934, the book was made into a critically acclaimed motion picture by Monogram Pictures Corporation. Adapted to the screen by Adele S. Buffington, the film was directed by Reginald Barker and starred David Manners, Charles Irwin and Phyllis Barry. The New York Times said of it: "The Moonstone is a prime example of what can be accomplished on a small budget with a little extra time and care." In 1972, it was remade again in the United Kingdom and aired on PBS's Masterpiece Theatre. In 1996, it was remade a third time, also in the United Kingdom, for television by the BBC and Carlton Television in partnership with American station WGBH of Boston, Massachusetts, airing on PBS's Masterpiece Theatre. It starred Greg Wise as Franklin Blake and Keeley Hawes asRachelVerinder.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moonstone#Characters_in_. 22The_Moonstone.22> (26 September 2006)
From the quotation above, The movie version of Wilkie Collin’s The Moonstone gained success that the story has been adapted to the screen for three times and aired in The United Kingdom and America. The movie version also attracted comments from New York Times.
This study raise very interesting topic in the story because the writer discuss about the four characters’ way of loving their beloved one. According to the writer, the four main character’s way of loving can be considered as selfish and unselfish way of loving since those characters shows two different ways of loving base on their attitude and motivation in loving themselves and others. Therefore, this study will be quite different with the other discussions.
B. Review of Related Theories
in the story love their beloved man and woman. The third theory is theory about the relation between literature and psychology.
1. Character and Characterization
According to Abrams in his book entitled
A Glossary of Literary Terms
, a
character is the person presented in the dramatic or narrative work, endowed with
moral and disposition qualities that are expressed in what they say, i.e. the
dialogue, and what they do, i.e. the action. The ground in a character’s
temperament and moral nature for his speech and actions constitutes his
motivation. Francis Hodge states that a character is made of all the dramatic
actions taken by an individual in the course of a play. A character exists in what is
action particularly under pressing circumstances (1994: 39).
In order to understand the character’s action concerning their motives and
thought, the writer attempts to figure out the art of characterization. With regard
to motivation, there are some common central motives pushing characters to act in
real life such as hope for reward, love, desire, jealousy and fear. These distinctive
motives show the characters as complicated human beings. Therefore, Francis
Hodge says that in a novel, we should try to arrive at an understanding of
characters as complicated human beings with patterns of motivation rather than a
single motive (1994: 43).
Based on its importance in the story, characters are divided and
categorized into two ways, there are main or major character and minor character.
Usually these characters become the focus of the acts of the story from the
story. The core of the story is highlighted to this major character’s experiences.
Roger B. Henkle (1957: 87-97) in his book
Reading the Novel
states that the
major characters are the most complex in a story. They can be described as such
characters through the complexity of their characterization. Minor characters
appear in a certain setting and their roles are less important than the major
character.
In proportion to complexity, there are distinctions interpretation between
round and flat character. Round characters often appear as the centre of the story.
The characters live by their roundness and by their many points. The characters
appear in a different action, personality and outlook and undergo a permanent
change. The characters are complex in temperament and motivation. For the flat
characters, the characters do not appear as the centre of the story. They do not
change a lot and keep their action, personality or outlook in the same way.
In a literary work, the author attempts to make his characters
understandable and to come alive for his readers. M.J. Murphy (1988: 30-38) in
Understanding Unseens
mentions seven ways to reveal how the characters are
presented to the readers.
a. Personal Description
To describe his characters, the author tells the readers about the physical
appearance of the characters. The description is often related to the psychological
b. Character as Seen by Another
Instead of describing characters directly the authors can describe him
through the eyes and opinions of another. The others will give explanation about
what a character is like. Other characters try to tell a character from his/her point
of view. What they think about certain character can be significant factor to build
up our understanding on the character itself.
c. Speech
Speech is a manifestation of character. The author can give us an insight
into the character through what he/she says. Whenever a person speaks, whenever
he is in conversation with another, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is
giving us some clues to his/her character. Frequently, from his/her speech we
know his motivation and attitude towards life.
d. Past Life
By learning something about a person’s past life, the author can give the
reader a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character. Whenever
the author provides a picture of the character’s past life, it can be traced and learnt
to help us to figure out his motive of action of the present time.
e. Conversations of Others
To help us get more information to support our judgment on the character,
we need to pay attention to the conversation of other characters. It is useful to go
through speech by speech to determine exactly what is meant or implied by each
f.
Reaction
The author also mentions the personality of a character by letting the
reader know that person reacts to various events or situation. The character shows
her personality from his or her action. The action concerns to her motives and
thought.
g. Direct Comment
The characterization in this way is done by giving the readers a straight
forward description about or comment on the character. Sometimes the
description is provided at the beginning of the story when we have not been quite
familiar with the personality as the writer intends to, which also mean, that the
personality of misinterpretation can be decreased.
2. Theory of Love
As stated in the previous chapter, love is the most desired condition in the
world which people perceive it as a very common experience. People seek it all of
their life but seldom get enough of it. Love is a very powerful thing and it creates
of the most intense delight. In his book
How to Love and Beloved
, Paul Hauck
states that love is that powerful feeling for person, animal or things. It is
stratifying or will satisfy someone’s deepest desires and needs. This definition
means that it is not the people that we love, it is rather the people or animals or
things do for us that we love. If someone beloved does not satisfy in the ways that
extremely important to you, you will simply fall out love with him or her (Hauck,
In his popular book entitled The Art of loving, Erich Fromm categorizes love into several types. They are brotherly love, motherly love, erotic love, self-love, and love of God. According to Fromm, self-love has several considerations because it is still widespread conceptions. Fromm states that self-love does not mean “I love myself and I do not love others” and it is not the same as selfishness. Self-love here means the ability to love other as you do love yourself. As long as you love another person less than you love yourself, you will not really succeed in loving yourself. One must be able to love all alike including yourself and others. For that reason, self-love and selfishness is far from being identical, but those are actually the opposite. Based on the idea of self-love above, someone’s way of loving can be selfish and unselfish, it depends on how they express their love and what motivation drives his or her to love somebody.
“Love is an active concern for the life and growth of that which we love. When this active concern is lacking, there is no love” (Fromm, 1956: 22). The statements of love above remind us that love is a thing that we need along our lives for growing and surviving in the world. Someone’s way of loving can be considered as unselfishly, if it is an activity, not a passive affect; it is a “standing in” not a “falling for”. In the general way, the active character of love can be describe by starting that love is primarily giving, not receiving. Therefore, “giving” here does not means “giving up” something. In this case Fromm intends to explain that giving here is the highest expression of potency. Beyond the element of giving, the active character of love becomes evidence that it always implies certain basic elements, those are care, responsibility, respect and knowledge (1956: 18-22).
him, wants everything for himself. He feels no pleasure in giving, but only taking. The selfish person actually does not love himself too much but too little; in fact he hates himself. This lack of fondness and care for himself, which is only one expression of his lack of productiveness, leaves him empty and frustrated. He is necessarily unhappy and anxiously concern to snatch from the life the satisfactions which he blocks him self from attaining. He seems to care too much for himself, but actually he only makes an unsuccessful attempt to cover up and compensate for his failure to care for his real self (Fromm, 1956: 48-51).
Furthermore, this theory of selfishness is born out by psychoanalytic experience with neurotic “unselfishness”, a symptom of neurosis observed in some people who usually are troubled by others connected with it, like depression, tiredness, inability to work, failure in love relationship, and so on. The “unselfish” person “does not want anything for him self”; he “lives only for other”, is proud that he does not consider himself important (Fromm, 1956: 51). Love here tells us how our attitude should be, as we know that love is an action. Someone should love his or her beloved one unselfishly. He should always be good to others and should not too easy to get angry to others. We should not be selfish when we love someone. We can not only think about our own goodness but also think about doing right think for someone we love or other goodness.
3. Theories about Relation between Literature and Psychology
Psychology is a knowledge about men and a condition of their psyche,
while literature relates to human expression in the form of literary works. As an
expression, in a literature a writer tries to disclose what he sees or what he
Wellek and Warren in their book
Theory of Literature
states that:
We may be able to find out the valuable of human character by the way
that one cognitive value in the dramas and novels would seem to by
psychological. “The novelist or dramatist can teach you more about
human nature than the psychologist” is a familiar kind of assertion (1956:
25)
Through literature, an author overflows all his obsessions. He reveals his
psychological tension that suppresses him when he sees that people just often
trample on the truth values. It is apparent that many authors realize the function of
literature dealing with some psychological process. Although it is not the main
purpose, they use literature indirectly as a medium to express and relieve their
emotion.
If the author succeeds in creating his characters, and his characters are
suitable with the truth of psychology, it is necessary to ask him if the characters
created also have artistic values. In certain cases, knowledge of psychology is
important to add artistic values because the knowledge supports the coherency
and complexity of the work itself. For some artists, knowledge of psychology
helps their sense about reality, improves their ability in observation, and gives
chance to explore new plans which have not been explore.
C.
Theoretical Framework
Love and is a very interesting theme for literary works. Many of literary
art speaks about love and its complication for human being. Love can influence
theories are needed to help the writer to answer the question in the problem
formulations.
The first theory is some theories of character. The writer uses various
theories of character to find out the four characters’ characteristics. According to
the theories there are many ways to learn about the main character’s characteristic,
such as by author’s explanation, what the character says about the other
characters, by the physical appearances, etc. The theories of character is put on the
first point of view because to learn a literary work such as novel we need to know
the character better first for the story is about characters life, expectation, struggle
and so on.
To support the analysis on the four characters’ way of loving, the writer
uses Fromm’s theory of love. This theory is very useful to understand how selfish
and unselfish ways of loving are expressed by the four characters in the story.
Fromm’s theory on love is needed to reveal Franklin and Rachel’s unselfish way
of loving as seen in their continuous struggle and love devotion to their beloved
person from beginning until the end of the story. Also, the love theory is used to
reveal selfish way of loving which is shown by the egos motives of Godfrey and
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. The Object of the Study
The object of the study is taken from a novel of Wilkie Collins, entitled The Moonstone. It was written during the Victorian era in 1868 and the writer uses the book which is published by Penguin English Library in 1966. The novel consists of 527 pages and is divided into several parts which are contributed by several narrators and notes. Those narrators are not only telling the story, but also they become the character in the story and some of the narrators can be said as the major characters in the novel. As Pat says that The Moonstone (1868) has got more sophisticated series of narrators, each adding clues toward the unfolding of the mystery (Rogers, 1987: 347).
B. Approach of the Study
Rohberger and Woods in their book
Reading and Writing about Literature
state, when we read work of literature, we usually do an evaluative judgment on
the work. The evaluative judgment will help us in understanding the work of
literature. In order to have a good evaluative judgement, we need to employ a
means, which is called critical approach (1971: 3).
Since the topic discussed in this study can be judged from psychological
point of view, the writer uses psychological approach. The writer discusses how
the four main characters in the story love their beloved one, they are loving
selfishly and unselfishly. The psychological approach involves “the effort to
locate and demonstrate certain recurrent pattern, but from a deferent body of
knowledge, that is psychology” (Rohberger and Woods, 1971: 13). The writer
then employ the theories of character and theory of characterization in order to
give an understanding on how the author shape the characters in the literary work.
To support the analysis the writer applies some theories of love in order to have a
clear description about selfish and unselfish ways of loving of the four characters.
By using these theories the writer will make the study eligible and help the reader
to have better understanding on Collin’s
The Moonstone
. To know the correlation
between literature and psychology, the writer employs the theory about relation
C. Method of the Study
In this part, the writer gives a description about the steps of the thesis that
the writer took in doing the analysis in order the writer is able to give the solution
to the formulated problem put forward in this study. First, the writer read the
novel
The Moonstone
for several times so that the writer would get more
understanding about the story. The second step was collecting data which is
relevant to the analysis and could contribute in answering the formulated problem
above.
To answer the questions in the problem formulation, the writer tried to
concentrate on the main characters and use the theory of character to analyse the
characteristic of the main characters completely from the various way of
analysing characters. The second, after the writer read the novel and analysed the
characteristic of the main characters, the writer used the theory of love to reveal
the main characters’ way of loving of toward their beloved one. The last step was
drawing some conclusions from the analysis which was the summary of the
previous chapter. Here, the writer would also try to clarify the result of analysis in
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the writer tries to answer the problem formulated in the previous chapter. This undergraduate thesis has two problems to be addressed, the first is how the characteristics of Franklin Blake, Rachel Verinder, Rosanna Spearman and Godfrey Ablewhite are described in the story, and the second is how the four main characters’ express their way of loving someone based on Enrich Fromm’s theory on love.
A. Character Analysis
Based on its importance in the story, Roger Henkle states that characters
are divided and categorized into two, there are main or major character and minor
character. The parts of the main characters are the centre of the story and the core
of the story is highlighted to this major character’s experiences.
In understanding a character, the readers can not determine his or her
characteristic only from the description of the author. The writer must do some
deep observation toward the character because the author usually presents his
characters of the story in many ways. M.J. Murphy (1988: 30-38) in his book
Understanding Unseens
mentions seven ways to reveal how are the characters
presented to the readers. The author attempts to make his characters
understandable to his readers. The author uses personal description, character as
seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of other, reaction, direct comment,
1. Franklin Blake
Franklin is one of the male characters in the story. He is described as a man with many experiences. His father sent him abroad to get education when he was in his teen. He had German and Italian education as well as French. Franklin has passed from one nation to another and he has come back with many different sides to his personality. Bettererdge in his narration says that Franklin can be a busy man and a lazy man. Franklin can be cloudy in the head and clear in the head. Franklin has French side, German side and Italian side but his English foundation is still showing through. Rachel remarks Franklin’s Italian side on the occasion when Franklin unexpectedly asks her something in his sweet-tempered way. Franklin’s English foundation was still clear. He springs to his feet and pulls Betteredge up without any ceremony and said, ‘Come along, and saddle the best horse in the stable directly’ (p. 78).
As a man with foreign educations, Franklin is described as a clever and clear-headed gentleman. Franklin was appointed to give a very precious present named the Moonstone to Rachel, the woman he loves in the night of her birthday. His cleverness is seen when Franklin tells Betteredge his opinion on colonel Harcastle’s motivation in giving Rachel the diamond and the three Indian men who following him. Upon this matter, he tells Betteredge his objective-subjective point of view.
‘That the Colonel object may, quite possible has... There is totally different explanation from yours, Betteredge, taking its rise in a Subjective-Objective point of view. From all I can see, one interpretation is just likely to be right as the other” (p. 76)
In the night of Rachel’s birthday, Franklin and Mr. Candy, the doctor of Frizinghal, had an argument about modern medicine. The dispute caused the doctor losing his temper and made Lady Verinder stop it. The dispute ended but Mr. Candy seemed not satisfied and he gave a doze of opium into Franklin’s grogs secretly. After the birthday party, Mr Candy was ill and he has succeeded in concealing the total failure of his memory. Ezra Jennings who is Mr. Candy’s assistant took notes Mr. Candy’s broken words which have been dropped from his lips during his illness. The doctor states, ‘Mr. Franklin Blake is clever and agreeable, but he wants taking down peg when he talks about medicine. You have had some thing beside an excellent night’s rest; you had a doze of laudanum sir before you went to bed... What do you say about the art of medicine now’ (p. 463). Mr. Candy who is a doctor admits Franklin as a clever and very critical gentleman that it makes the doctor losing his temper. As a result, the doctor wants to show Franklin the art of modern medicine by giving Franklin a doze of opium secretly through Godfrey’s hand.
Franklin is a careful person. It can be seen in Franklin’s suspicion that the Moonstone has been stolen from India and the three Indian men. In his opinion, the diamond must be brought to England with its conspiracy. He is suspicious on John Herncastle who is a dishonorable man and family outcast of Lady Verinder in giving Rachel the Moonstone.
‘Question the first: Was the Colonel Diamond the object of a conspiracy in India? Question the second: Has the conspiracy followed the Colonel’s Diamond to England? Question the third: Did Colonel know the conspiracy followed the diamond; and has purposely left a legacy of trouble and danger to his sister, trough the innocent medium of his sister’s child? That was I am driving at, Batteredge. Don’t let me frighten you.’ (p. 66)
Moonstone and hurt Rachel. He tells his suspicion to Betteredge because he does not want to make Lady Verinder and Rachel worry in celebrating Rachel’s birthday.
Franklin is described as a hardworker. When the Moonstone was stolen, Franklin thinks that the three Indian men must have entered the house and stole it. He is the first person who had the idea to send for police officer to investigate the theft. During the investigation, Franklin is the busiest person in the house. He was working harder than the others to help Sergeant Cuff. ‘You were working harder than any of them to recover the jewel’ (p. 401). At the same time, Rachel locks herself in her room and refuses to talk or meet anyone, including to Franklin who is considered as the most intimate person with Rachel. Franklin is upset with Rachel’s extraordinary conduct, but he keeps working hard to end his beloved woman’s sadness after the lost of her diamond.
As a lover, Franklin is honest. Franklin shows his honesty when he receives Rosanna’s letter and finds the smeared night gown with Franklin’s name. It is the evidence that Franklin is actually the person who stole the Moonstone. Knowing the fact, he be honest to Rachel and tells her what he has found in Rosanna’s hidden place.
‘I will tell you why Rachel. You’re the victim and I am the victim, of some monstrous delusion which has worn the mask of truth. If we look at what happened on the night of your birthday, together, we may end in understanding each other yet.’ (p. 394)
The quotation shows that Franklin honestly convinces Rachel the truth. He assures her that he does not know he took the Moonstone before he found his smeared night gown. Franklin’s honesty makes Rachel confess for the first time that she actually saw Franklin took the Moonstone with her own eyes from first to last.
‘I can only speak the truth as you have spoken it. You saw me – with your own eyes, you saw me take the diamond. Before God heard us, I declare that I now know I took it for the first time! Do you doubt me still?’ (p. 394)
Franklin is also a brave and responsible person. It is seen when Franklin takes the responsibility and works hard to prove his innocence. Ezra Jennings, the doctor’s assistant told Franklin that Mr. Candy has something to say to him related to some event at the night of Rachel’s birthday. Unfortunately, Jennings refuses to tell Franklin the doctor’s words because he has no right to tell it to Franklin. Franklin does not want to waste the opportunity because he thinks that the doctor must knows something about the mystery. In Franklin opinion, he has to be responsible to reveal the truth and vindicate himself, even he has to risk his personal reputation.
‘There was no time for me to reason out my own situation – to remind myself that I was loosing my opportunity at what might be the turning point of my life, and all to flatter nothing more important than my own self-esteem... I must tell him the truth.’ (pg. 462)
Franklin risks his personal reputation by telling Jennings that he unconsciously has stolen his beloved woman’s diamond and Mr. Candy’s words may be the clue to reveal the mystery of the theft. Seeing Franklin’s effort and honesty, Jennings shows the note which is taken from Dr. Candy’s broken words. From the note, they conclude that Franklin has been under the influence of opium which was dropped into Franklin’s grogs. Franklin’s action for stealing the diamond was under the influence of opium. Then, Jennings has an idea for having an experiment to vindicate Franklin and reveal the mystery.
2. Rachel Verinder
Rachel is one of woman characters in the story. She is going to celebrate her eighteenth birthday. Physically, Rachel is described as very a pretty and attractive lady. Rachel possesses a host of graces and attractions. In Betteredge’s narrative, he tells that Rachel is one of the prettiest girls any man’s eyes ever looked on. She is small and slim, but all in fine proportion from top to toe. To see her sit down, to see her get up, and specially to see her walk is enough to satisfy any man in his senses that the graces of her figure are in her flesh and not in her clothes. Rachel’s hair is the blackest hair he ever saw. Her eyes match her hair and her nose is not quite large and her complexion is as warm as the sun itself, with this great advantage over the sun, it is always nice to look at. She carries her head as upright as a dart, in a dashing, spirited, thoroughbred way-that she has a clear voice, with a ring of the right metal in it, and a smile that begins very prettily in her eyes before it gets to her lips - and there behold the portrait of her, to the best of painting, as large as life (p. 86-87).
Rachel is a smart woman, but as a lady she is considered as a little bit stubborn. She is different from the other girls of her age. She judges for herself while few woman of twice her age judge in general.
She is unlike most other girls of her age, in this-that she had idea of her own, and was stiff-necked enough to set the fashion themselves at defiance, if the fashion doesn’t suit her views. (p. 87)
Rachel is a kind and independent woman. Rachel’s kindness is shown since she was a litle child. Betteredge notices that with all her secrecy, and self-will, there was not so much as the shadow of anything false in her. He never remembers Rachel breaking her word and he never remembers her saying No, but meaning Yes. Betteredge can recall to his mind when Rachel was in her childhood. More than one occasion when the good little soul took the blame and suffered the punishment for some faults committed by a playfellow whom she loved. Nobody ever knew her to confess lies about it (p. 87). Rachel takes the consequence for the mistake she does not commit. Her kindness to a person beloved is also shown during the investigation. Rachel saw Franklin had stolen her diamond and he acts to be the busiest man in the investigation. Even though, Rachel is very upset with Franklin’s conduct, she keep the truth from anybody that Franklin is actually the thief. Even Sergeant Cuff suspects her to be the person who stole her own diamond, she keeps the secret. Rachel sacrifices her public reputation above her love to Franklin.
3. Rosanna Spearman
RosannaSpearman is one of woman characters in the story. Physically, Rosanna is described as an ordinary woman with a plain face and a deformed shoulder. She is the second housemaid in Lady Verinder’s estate. Before being taken by Lady Verinder as a housemaid, Rosanna was a thief who had been in the reformatory. She is a diligent housemaid who always does her job well and she never makes any mistakes or problems with the housework.
She went about her work modesty and uncomplainingly, doing it carefully, and doing it well. But somehow she failed to make friends among the other women servants, excepting my daughter Penelope, who always kind to Rosanna, though never intimate with her (p. 54)
Rosanna is friendless woman. Only Betteredge, the steward and her daughter, Penelope want to be friend with Rosanna. Her past life as a thief makes her difficult to make friend with the other housemaid. As a mistress, Lady Verinder never discriminates Rosanna, but seeing Rosanna’s past life, other housemaids do not become friend with Rosanna. Rosanna’s friendlessness makes her become an introvert person as she rarely talks with others. In Betteredge’s narration, he says that, ‘Rosanna not always tells anybody about her feeling, even to Penelope who is considered as her closest friend’ (p. 79). The quotation shows that Rosanna has introvert personality. Her introvert personality can also be seen when Rosanna actually falls in love with Franklin at the first sight. She does not tell anybody that she was in love with Franklin at the first sight. Her introvert personality also can be seen when she keeps the secret from anybody about Franklin’s night gown. She only acts strangely but she never tells anybody.
The Shivering Sand is not considered as a beautiful place for many people in Cobb’s Hole village, but Rosanna usually takes a walk to that place and sits alone at the seashore near the sand hill. One day, Betteredge followed her out to the Shivering Sands, she was crying about the years that are gone and she remembered her past life.
‘About the years that are gone, Mr Betteredge,’ says Rosanna quietly. ‘My pass life still comes back to me some times.’ (p. 57)
Rosanna’s past life still comes to her. She feels drawn to the Shivering Sands and she tells Betteredge that her grave is waiting for her there. The Shivering Sand is the representation of Rosanna’s loneliness.
Rosanna is a kind woman. It can be seen when she gives her little saving to Mrs. Yolland, a fisherman’s wife who live in Cob’s Hole village before her death. She helps the poor family by giving her money to them. Rosanna falls in love at the first sight with Franklin never tells her feeling to anybody else. ‘My work, sir, was to make your bed, and make your room tidy. It was the happiest hour I had in the whole day’ (p. 365). This quotation shows that Rosanna can only express her love to Franklin with her kindness. As a lover, she serves Franklin modesty by preparing and tidying up Franklin’s bedroom. In addition, Rosanna has saved Franklin for being known as the person who took the Moonstone. She keeps Franklin’s smeared night gown and made the new night gown before the detective find it.
Rosanna is a loyal person. Even the detective suspected her, she hides Franklin’s smeared night gown for being found. Unfortunately, Franklin does not realize it and he never pays much attention to her. Even she is disappointed with Franklin’s manner but she kept the secret from anybody. She sacrificed her reputation as reformed woman.
She prefers to die and keeps her love dedication to Franklin rather than to tell that her beloved man is the thief. Everyone thinks that Rosanna commits suicide because she is afraid for being known as the thief, but what actually drives Rosanna into her grief is Franklin manner to her. Rosanna was in love with Franklin but he has broken and hurt her heart. Rosanna never blames Franklin, but she prefers to end her life rather than being ignored by the man she loves. She commits suicide by throwing her body in the Shivering Sand where she always thinks that her grief is waiting for her there. Her body is sunk into the sand and nobody will ever find it to be buried.
4. Godfrey Ablewhite
Godfrey Ablewhite is the second man characters in the story besides Franklin. In the story, Godfrey is described as a very charming and attractive gentleman. He stood over six feet high: he has a very beautiful red and white colour; a smooth round face, and a head of lovely long flaxen hair, falling neglectly over the poll of his neck. (p. 89) Not only attractive in his physical appearance, he is also a barrister by profession and considered as a religious minded gentleman in the town. Godfrey comes from upper-class family. He is the second son of the Ablewhites. His family lives in a fine house and grounds a little out of Frizinghall. They are a very worthy family and greatly respected in the neighborhood. He leads the Lady’s Charity in London. Wherever there is a table with committee of ladies who are sitting round it, there is Godfrey at the bottom of the board, leading the dear creatures with his hat in his hand. He competes with Franklin to win Rachel Verinder’s love.
very big opportunity in winning Rachel’s heart than Franklin who also loves Rachel. In his narrative, Betteredge says that Rachel has a photograph of Godfrey in her-bed room; represented speaking at a public meeting, with all his hair blown out by the breath of his own eloquence and his eyes are most lovely charming the money out of the pocket.
With all his brightness and cleverness and general good qualities, Mr Franklin chance of topping Mr Godfrey in our young ladies estimation was, in my opinion, a very poor chance indeed. (p. 89)
The quotation shows Godfrey’s personal quality.
However, Godfrey is actually a materialistic man. It can be seen when he plans to marry Rachel. He proposes Rachel for only her wealth because he is in personal debt difficulty. Godfrey is also a tricky person. When Godfrey knows that Rachel hates Franklin after the lost of the Moonstone, he sees the opportunity to get closed with her. He knows that Rachel is disparate and frustrated after knowing Franklin take her diamond. Rachel heritage all her mother’s wealth and her mother appoints Mr. Ablewhite the elder, as Rachel’s guardian until she is married. Seeing this opportunity, Godfrey and his father settle a marriage for Godfrey and Rachel in order to propose Rachel’s wealth. In Miss Clack narrative, Godfrey is described as a hypocrite and a liar.
He claps his hands, and looked at her... Can words how I sicken when I noticed exactly the same pathetic expression on his face, which had charmed me when he was pleading destitute million of his fellow creatures on the platform at Exeter Hall! (p. 277)
Godfrey is actually a man with a double life. Godfrey is being known as a religious minded gentleman and a speaker in Lady Charity, but this gentleman is actually a man’s character of pleasure. He actually has a villa in the suburbs with a lady inside it.
In this fact, lies the explanation of Mr. Godfrey honorable conduct, in paying the debts incurred for the lady and the villa and of more besides (p. 508)
London. Godfrey is also known as the man who dropped the laudanum secretly into Franklin cold grog. After taking the diamond, Franklin gave the Moonstone to Godfrey to be kept in his father banker.
‘His money-trouble kept him awake’ (p. 510)
Godfrey knew that Franklin took the Moonstone unconsciously, so he keeps the Moonstone and pledges it to get quick money. He plans to send the Moonstone to Amsterdam and sell it after he destroys the identity of the Moonstone so that nobody will know it. Godfrey is under covered when he took the Moonstone from Mr. Luker after it has been pledged for almost one year. He dresses like a sailor but the three Indians who propose the Moonstone knew it. They kill Godfrey and bring their sacred diamond back to India. The conspiracy of the diamond and Godfrey’s double life have lead him to his death.
B. The Four Main Characters’ Ways of Loving Their Beloved One
1. Franklin Blake as an Unselfish Lover
Franklin displays natural passion in loving Rachel. He has strong feeling in his heart. He feels the sensational of hope, happiness, jealousy, and even desperate as the sign of his emotional involvement in loving someone. Franklin tries to control his patience when Rachel ignores him without any reason, but after knowing the fact that he is the person who took the Moonstone, he takes the responsibility to break the mystery of the theft. His patience and honesty has succeeded in making those feeling in good balance so that his natural passion does not lead him to be selfish and go to the wrong way. He can control them and keep his struggle to find the truth and vindicate himself from Rachel’s suspicion.
The lost of the Moonstone has made Franklin the busiest person in the house. Fromm states that care is one of basic elements to love somebody and as an unselfish lover Franklin worries about Rachel’s sadness. He cares about Rachel’s condition, so he gives his serious concern on her sorrows after her diamond has been stolen.
‘It is a matter of quieting Rachel’s mind’ answered Mr Franklin gravely. ‘I am very uneasy about her.’ (p. 130)
The quotation shows Franklin’s unselfishness since his action for working hard during the investigation is not merely for his own desire to attract Rachel’s sympathy on him, but his action is intended for the goodness of Rachel. Franklin’s action in giving his serious concern on Rachel’s condition matches Fromm’s theory on unselfish way of loving that the act of loving someone is primary ‘giving’, not hoping to receive something.
depressed. ‘Very well then – what follows, of course! Good Heaven! The Objective-Subjective explanation follows of course! Rachel properly speaking is not Rachel but somebody else. Do I mind being cruelly treated by Somebody Else?’ (p. 215). He tries to control his ego and his personal feeling when Rachel acts strangely. Franklin shows that he loves Rachel unselfishly by thinking positively and understanding Rachel’s condition.
Franklin is more disappointed and hopeless after knowing that Lady Verinder plans to take Rachel to London. He has been working hard but Rachel leaves him without any explanation. ‘I am grieved to have to say it, but, for the present, you and Rachel are better apart. The only advice I can offer you is, to give her time’ (p. 223). This quotation is quoted from Lady Verinder’s letter addressed to Franklin. She gives Franklin advice to break up his relation with Rachel. Franklin feels hopeless and it makes Franklin got into poor condition. ‘The appearance of the luggage, followed downstairs by Mr Franklin himself, informed me plainly enough that he had held firm of resolution for once of his life’ (p. 222). Franklin’s action for leaving Yorkshire means that he accepts Lady Verinder’s advice to break his relationship with Rachel. Breaking his relationship with Rachel is not easy for Franklin, but he has to be wise in facing this problem. Intended for Rachel’s goodness, he accepts Lady Verinder’s advice to break his relationship with Rachel. It is hard for Franklin since he loves Rachel truly, but he tries to be wise that Rachel needs time to overcome her feeling after loosing her diamond. It shows Franklin’s unselfish way of loving.
so Franklin as unselfish lover wishes to meet Rachel and tells her what he has found. ‘Those were the first words! The most unendurable reproach that a woman can address to a man, was the reproach that she picked out to address to me’ (p. 391). Franklin keeps steady in controlling his patience and accepts those endurable words which she addresses to him. By controlling his patience and taking the responsibility of what he has done, Franklin shows his unselfish way of loving toward his beloved woman
‘I can only spoke the truth as you have been spoken it. You saw - me with your own eyes, you saw me take the diamond. Before God who hears us, I declare that I know I took it for the first time! Do you doubt me still?’ (p.394). The quotation shows that as an unselfish lover Franklin is honest to the woman he loves. Seeing Franklin’s effort and his honesty, Rachel finally tells him that she saw him took the Moonstone from the first to last with her own eyes. Franklin’s honesty as one of basic elements in loving his beloved one proves that he loves Rachel unselfishly.
Above his natural flame of love toward Rachel, Franklin wants to prove his innocence by revealing the truth. Franklin’s effort leads him to the clue to the mystery of the lost diamond. From Dr Candy broken words, it is known that the doctor gave him five-and-twenty minims of laudanum after their dispute at the night of Rachel birthday. ‘I will do anything to clear myself of the suspicion that rest on me now’ (p.439). Franklin wants to do anything reveal the truth and convinces Rachel that he is innocent. Franklin does not easily give up and wishes to fix his relationship with Rachel which has been broken after the diamond was stolen. As stated by Fromm, responsibility is also one of basic elements in loving some one and Franklin’s effort to break the mystery of the thief shows that Franklin as unselfish lover is responsible.
took the diamond in order to protect his beloved woman. ‘I don’t blame Rachel,’ I said. ‘I only regret that she could not prevail on herself to speak more plainly to me at that time’ (p. 405). Franklin loves Rachel unselfishly, so he wipes the impression that she has accused him as a thief. He does not blame Rachel from being extraordinary after the theft and making everything became more complicated. On the contrary, Franklin thanks her for the chance that she gives to him to have an experiment to clear the suspicion that rest on him.
2. Rachel Verinder as an Unselfish Lover
Rachel is a lady for whom the two men characters, Franklin and Godfrey compete to win her love. Many men dream of her because of her beauty and her wealth. She is the only daughter of Lady Verinders and Rachel will accept Lady Verinder’s heritage. In the story, Rachel is considered to love her beloved man unselfishly because her way of loving matches Fromm’s theory about unselfish way of loving. Rachel’s activity in loving Franklin is primary giving, not hoping to receive something. Rachel’s unselfish way of loving Franklin is clearly seen in her devotion when she sacrifices her public reputation by keeping the secret from anyone that Franklin is actually the person who stole her diamond. Above her love toward Franklin, she gives him the opportunity to return the stolen diamond back.
After seeing Franklin took her diamond with her own eyes, Rachel desperate and she tries to combat her love toward Franklin. During the investigation she refuses to cooperate or meet anybody, including Franklin. Rachel’s unselfish way of loving Franklin can be seen when she gives the opportunity for him to return the Moonstone to the drawer in which she kept it. Here, Rachel’s action in giving Franklin the opportunity matches with Fromm’s idea about unselfish way of loving. Fromm states that loving is primary giving, not receiving. She gives Franklin the opportunity and hopes he will put her diamond back. Her unselfishness is also seen as she regards Franklin’s confession.
‘And I hoped – with all my heart and soul I hoped! –that you would take the opportunity, and put the Diamond back secretly in the drawer’ (p. 400)
Rachel hopes and waits that Franklin will return her diamond, but he never does it. On the contrary, Franklin’s act for being the busiest man during the investigation makes Rachel thinks that he will not return the Moonstone. She feels desperate and hopeless. She decides to leave Yorkshire and plans to stay at the Ablewhites’ house in Frizinghall. As a result, Rachel falls into Sergeant Cuff’s suspicion. She is suspected by the Sergeant for stealing her own diamond. In this matter, the Sergeant thinks that young ladies such Rachel’s rank and position do occasionally have private debts which they do not dare to acknowledge to their relatives or friends, and sometimes the jeweler is at the bottom of it.
‘The day will come when you will know why I am careless about being suspected, and why I am silent event to you’ (p. 218)
Even Rachel knows that the Sergeant suspects her, she keeps her unselfish way of loving toward her beloved man. She holds the secret that Franklin is actually the thief. By letting the Sergeant suspects her, it means that Rachel has given a big contribution for Franklin’s reputation above her public reputation itself.
As an unselfish lover, Rachel confesses that she still loves Franklin and she admits that she can not forget him, even after Franklin take her diamond and then left England for almost one year. She has felt the sensation of desperate and hopelessness, she still loves him but her eternal love flame to Franklin still remains
Sobs and tears burst from her. She struggled with them fiercely; she held me more and more firmly. ‘I can’t tear you out of my heart,’ she said,’ even now! You may thrust in the shameful, shameful weakness which can only struggle against you in this way’ (p. 403)
that she still loves Franklin. She also finally tells Franklin the truth that she saw him steal the Moonstone from first to last.
Rachel also shows her love devotion by supporting Franklin and Jennings in an experiment to reveal the truth. They ask Rachel’s permission to set the condition of the house as the same as at the night of her birthday party.
‘I love him’ She said simply, ‘I have loved him from first to last – even when I was wronging him in my own thoughts; even I was saying the hardest words and the cruelest words to him’ (p. 467)
Rachel’s decision to give her permission for the experiment indicates that Rachel concerns on Franklin’s vindication and it can also show that she loves him unselfishly. She still loves him even after she saw him took her diamond and wasted the opportunity which she has given. Rachel shows her unselfish way of loving by giving Franklin the opportunity for the second time for his vindication. Since Rachel loves Franklin truly, she hopes the experiment will succeed and proves Franklin’s innocence. Rachel’s charming letter is sent to them as a sign that she gives her permission.
As a lover, Rachel is hopeful with Franklin vindication, she gives her support by presenting in the experiment with the other witness. ‘I am so interested; I am so exited - I have a thousand things to say to you, and they crowed together so that I don’t know what to say first. Do you wonder at the interest I take in this?’ (p.467). Rachel looks very beautiful at the night of the experiment. She keeps asking Jennings many questions as she is very interested with the experiment. She also shows her interest by helping Jennings in preparing the stuff. Rachel’s action indicates that Rachel is hopeful with the success of their experiment and Franklin’s vindication. It also shows that Rachel is optimistic on the goodness of her love relationship with Franklin.
the diamond unconsciously. She believes that Franklin was under the influence of opium when he took the Moonstone. Rachel also believes that Franklin unconsciously took it in order to protect her life from the Moonstone and its conspiracy.
‘Do me last favor,’ she whispered. Let me watch him with you.’ (p. 482)
The quotation can show Rachel’s unselfish way of loving. The experiment is only partially succeeded, but she prefers Franklin’s vindication instead of finding her lost diamond.
The experiment has proved that Franklin is innocent and it satisfies Rachel’s love and feeling toward Franklin. Seeing Rachel’s devotion in loving Franklin in the story, she can be considered as unselfish lover. Rachel’s unselfish way of loving and her self control have succeeded to lead them in raveling the truth and break the mystery of the theft. The most important thing for Rachel is the experiment has vindicated Franklin, the man she loves from the suspicion which rest on him, even though she does not find her lost diamond.
3. Rosanna Spearman as a Selfish Lover
She falls in love with Franklin Blake at the first sight when they meet in the Shivering sand. Nobody knows that she actually falls in love with Franklin because she never tells her feeling to anybody. Rosanna’s way of loving her beloved man is considered to be selfish since she loves Franklin too much but she actually loves herself too little. Her love to Franklin in fact is an unreal obsession as she knows that Franklin as Rachel love each other. The fact that she knows that Franklin and Rachel love each other but she keeps pursuing her love to Franklin indicates that Rosanna is unwise.
‘It would have been no very kind look, perhaps if you had known how I hated Miss Rachel. I believe I found out that you were in love with her, before you knew it your self (p. 363)
She confesses her jealousy with Rachel and what she feels about Rachel, her mistress. Rosanna as a housemaid becomes unwise and blinded.
Rosanna never tells her feeling to anybody, but she only acts strangely. Unfortunately, her extraordinary conduct starts to be more and more unwise. She starts to have less respect with Rachel when Rosanna speaks to her. ‘Penelope caught Rosanna in Franklin’s dressing table. She secretly removing a rose which Miss Rachel had given him to wear in his bottom hole, and putting another rose like it, of her own picking in its place. Rosanna secretly takes the flowers which Rachel put at the vast in Franklin’s bed room and change it with her flowers’ (p. 92). Rosanna knows that Franklin loves Rachel so she is jealous with her. Rosanna’s jealousy makes her become sentiment with Rachel. Her impolite act and her jealousy with Rachel indicate that Rosanna is unwise and she loves Franklin selfishly.
368). Using Franklin’s sensitiveness on the issue of the lost diamond and her status as the suspect, Rosanna attracts Franklin to speak with her. Rosanna thinks that Franklin will be attracted to speak with her. However, Franklin does not give her much attention and she is very upset with Franklin’s manner.
Rosanna’s selfish way of loving Franklin makes her becomes careless and foolish. Betteredge and Penelope notice Rosanna’s curious dimness and dullness in Rosanna’s eyes. They know that it was not because Rosanna has been crying, but it seems that she has been looking at something too long. Rosanna went about her work like a woman in a dream. She also listens and speaks like a woman in a dream. Betteredge thinks that Rosanna’s mind was not in fit condition. ‘Not like a living women but she rather like a creature moved buy machinery, she went on sweeping all the time’ (p. 186). The quotation shows that Rosanna’s selfish way of loving Franklin drives her into a poor condition. She becom
