Mo d e l K e p e mi mp i na n T ra ns fo rma s in a l
K epa la S ek olah S MK Neg eri
S i t t i H a r t i n a h
E m a i l : s h a r t i n a h _ u p s @ y a h o o . c o . i d
A b s t r a k : Mod e l k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h t e rb e n t u k d a ri b e rb a g a i a s fe k y a it u k o m p e t e n s i , i k l i m o r g a n i s a s i s e k o la h d a n e t o s k e r j a . P e r m a s a l a h a n n y a a d a l a h a p a k a h m o d e l k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h d ik on s t ru k d a ri d im e n s i k om p e t e n s i, ik lim org a n is a s i s e k ola h d a n e t os k e rj a . Tu j u a n p e n e lit ia n in i m e n c a ri m od e l k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h d i S MK N Te g a l. D e s a in p e n e lit ia n in i a d a la h b e rp e n d e k a t a n c on firm a t ory fa c t or a n a ly s is . J u m la h s a m p e l 2 0 0 d ip ilih s e c a ra p rop ort ion a l ra n d om s a m plin g . I ns t ru m e n m e n g g u n a k a n “q u e s t ion a re ” d e n g a n re lia b ilit y.
D e s a in p e n e lit ia n d e n g a n p a ra d ig m a k u a n t it a t if, m e n j e la s k a n h u b u n g a n k a u s a l v a ria b e l m e la lu i u j i h ip ot e s is , d e n g a n p e m od e la n p e rs a m a a n s t ru c t u ra l ( S E M) . H a s il a n a lis is m e n e m u k a n k e s e s u a ia n m od e l k ons e p t ua l d e ng a n m ode l t e ruj i ba hw a k e p e m im pin a n t ra ns form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h dipe ng a ru hi s e c a ra s ig nifik a n ole h; k om pe t e ns i k e pa la s e k ola h ( 2 4 , 5 % ) ; ik lim org a n is a s i s e k ola h ( 2 9 , 4 % ) ; e t os k e rj a ( 2 8 , 1 % ) ; Mod e l f a k t o r k o m p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k ola h , ik lim o rg a n is a s i s e k ola h , d a n e t os k e rj a s e c a ra s im u lt a n b e rk on t ribu s i t e rh a d a p k e p e m im pin a n t ra n s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h s e b e s a r ( 8 5 , 6 % ) . I m p lik a s in y a j ik a in g in m e n in g k a t k a n k om p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k ola h , ik lim org a n is a s i s e k ola h d a n e t os k e rj a m a k a p e rlu d ik e m b a n g k a n m od e l k e p e m im p in a n t r a n s fo rm a s ion a l k e p a la s e k o la h d a la m m o d e l y a n g t e ru j i in i. B e rd a s a rk a n t e m u a n , d is a ra n k a n a g a r k e p a la s e k ola h , m e m ilik i k e t e ra m p ila n m a n a j e ria l, m e m p e rb a ik i ik lim org a n is a s i s e k ola h d a n p e n in g k a t a n e t os k e rj a k e p a la s e c a ra m a k s im a l
K a t a K u n c i : k o m p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k o la h , ik lim o rg a n is a s i s e k o la h , e t o s k e r j a d a n k e p e m im p in a n t a rn s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h
A b s t r a c h : T h e g rou n d re a s on s of t h is s t u d y is in w h a t w a y t ra n s form a t ion a l le a d e rs h ip is s u it a b le t o in c re a s e e d u c a t ion q u a lit y in v oc a t ion a l h ig h s c h ool. Me a n w h ile , t h e s p e c ific p rob le m s a re a s follow s : ( 1 ) do prin c ip a ls ’ c om p e t e nc y v a ria ble s c ons is t ing of pe rs on a lit y, m a na g e m e n t , e nt re p re ne u rs h ip, s u pe rv is ion, a n d s o c ia l c o m p e t e n c y d im e n s io n s d ir e c t ly c o n t rib u t e a n d s ig n ific a n t ly in f lu e n c e t o t h e p rin c ip a ls t ra ns form a t iona l le a d e rs h ip? ; ( 2 ) do s c hool org a niz a t iona l c ond it ions t o dire c t ly c on t rib ut e a n d s ig n ific a nt ly in flu e n c e t o t h e p rin c ip a ls t ra n s form a t ion a l le a d e rs h ip ? ; ( 3 ) d o w ork e t h ic s c on t rib u t e a n d s ig n ific a n t ly influ e nc e t o t he p rin c ip a ls t ra n s form a s ion a l le a de rs h ip ? ; a n d ( 4 ) in w h a t w a y is p rinc ipa ls t ra ns form a t iona l le a d e rs h ip m od e l s u it a b le t o in c re a s e e d u c a t ion q u a lit y of v oc a t ion a l h ig h s c h ools ’ p rin c ip a ls .
T h is re s e a rc h d e s ig n w a s c on firm a t ory fa c t or a n a ly s is a p p roa c h w a s S t ru c t u ra l E q u a t ion Mod e l ( S E M) . T h e re s u lt of t h is s t u d y s h ow s t h a t s c h ool p rin c ip a l c om p e t e n c e c on t rib u t e s ( 2 4 , 5 % ) a n d s ig n ific a n t ly in flu e n c e s t o s c h ool p rin c ip a l le a d e rs h ip, s c h ool or g a n iz a t ion a l c o n d it ion s ( 2 9 , 4 % ) a n d s ig n ific a n t ly in flu e n c e s t o p rin c ip a l t ra n s form a t ion a l le a d e rs h ip , m e a n w h ile t h e d e t e rm in a n t fa c t ors in c lu din g s c h ool princ ipa l c om pe t e nc e , s c hool org a niz a t iona l c ondit ions a nd w ork e t hic s c ontribut e ( 0 , 8 5 6 % ) a n d s ig nific a ntly in flu e n c e . A s u it a b le p rin c ip a l t ra n s form a t ion a l le a de rs h ip m od e l t o d e v e lop v oc a t ion a l hig h s c h ool qu a lit y is t h rou g h s c h ool org a n iz a t ion a l c on d it ion s ; w ork e t h ic s ; p rin c ip a l c om p e t e n c e rig h t s .
t ra in in g a b ou t s oft s k ill e n t re p re n e u rs h ip in ord e r t h e y h a v e m a x im a l w ork e t h ic s in in c re a s in g t h e e d u c a t ion q u a lit y a t v oc a t ion a l h ig h s c h ool.
K e y w o r d s : p r i n c i p a l ’s c o m p e t e n c y , s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n a l c o n d it i o n , h a r d - e a r n e d a n d p r i n c i p a l t ra n s form a t ion a l le a d e rs h ip.
P e n d a h u l u a n
K e b e rh a s ila n s e k ola h d a la m m e la k s a na k a n s e g a la a s p e k y a ng t e la h d ire n c a n a k a n ny a p e rlu d id u k u ng o l e h k e p e - m i m p i n a n k e p a l a s e k o l a h . K e p a l a s e k o l a h s e b a g a i p e m i m p i n s a t u a n p e n d i d i k a n m e r u p a k a n m o t o r p e n g g e r a k s u m b e r d a y a s e k o l a h t e r u t a m a g u r u d a n k a r y a w a n s e k o l a h . S e b e s a r a p a p u n i n p u t p e r s e k o l a h a n d i t a m b a h a t a u d i p e r b a i k i , o u t p u t n y a t i d a k a k a n o p t i m a l a p a b ila fa k t or k e p e m im p ina n k e p a la s e k ola h t id a k d i b e r ik a n p e r h a t ia n y a n g m e m a d a i , t e r s e d i a n y a d a n a , i n f r a s t r u k t u r, f a s i l i t a s , d a n i n s t r u m e n p e n d id ik a n la in n y a k u ra n g d a p a t d id a y a g u n a k a n s e c a r a m a k s i m a l , e f i s i e n , d a n a k u n t a b e l t a n p a a d a n y a k e p e m i m p i n a n y a n g k u a t , a t a u a d a n y a p e m i m p i n y a n g m a m p u m e n g g e r a k k a n s e m u a k o m p o n e n it u .
K e p a l a s e k o l a h a d a l a h p e n g e l o l a t e r d e p a n y a n g m e m u l u s k a n p r o s e s d a n i n t e r a k s i p o s i t i f s e lu ru h in p u t s is t e m b e la j a r- m e n g a j a r. L e b ih d a ri it u , k e p a la s e k o la h m e m a in k a n p e ra n a n p e n t in g d a l a m k e s e l u r u h a n u p a y a p e n i n g k a t a n k i n e r j a , b a ik p a d a t i ng k a t k e lo m p o k m a u p u n o r g a n is a s i. K e p e m im p in a n k e p a la s e k o la h m e n e m p a t i p o s is i p e n t in g d a la m p e n e l a a h a n m a na j e m e n p e n d id ik -a n . F u ng s i d -a n s u b s t -a n s i m -a n -a j e m e n p e n d id ik -a n y a n g d i j a l a n k a n o l e h k e p a l a s e k o l a h m e l i p u t i p e n g o r g a n i s a s i a n s u m b e r d a y a p e n d i d i k a n , p r o s e s p e n d i d i k a n , d a n p e m b e l a j a r a n . K e p a l a s e k o l a h b e r p e r a n p u l a s e b a g a i k a t a l i s a t o r p e n d i d i k a n y a n g m e n d o r o n g s e t ia p k e g i a t a n d i s e k ol a h . K ra j e w s k y ( 1 9 8 3 : 1 7 8 ) k e p a la s e k ola h m e ru p a k a n “t h e k e y t o q u a lit y in t h e s c h oo l a nd m us t b e c a t a ly s t w he n it s c om e s t o t he q u a lit y of e d u c a t ion a l p ro g ra m s ”. S e k ola h b e rt u g a s m e ny e -le n g g a ra k a n p ro s e s p e n d id ik a n d a n p ro s e s b e la j a r m e n g a j a r u nt u k m e n c e rd a s k a n k e h id u p a n b a n g s a s a n g a t d id a m b a k a n o le h s e t ia p w a r g a s e k o l a h . K e p a la s e k ola h y a ng d ib e ri t ug a s un t u k m e m im p in s e k ola h, h a ru s b e rt a ng g u ng j a w a b a t a s t e rc a p a i-n y a t u j u a i-n s e k o l a h , d a i-n d i h a r a p k a i-n m e i-n j a d i p e m im p in d a n in o v a t o r , o l e h s e b a b it u , k u a lit a s
k e p e m im p i n a n k e p a l a s e k o la h a d a l a h s ig n i fi k a n b a g i k e b e r h a s il a n s e k o la h .
S e b a g a i p i m p i n a n , k e p a l a s e k o l a h m e m p u -n y a i t u g a s ( 1 ) m e -n y u s u -n p e r e n c a n a a n ; ( 2 ) m e n g o r g a n is a s ik a n , m e n g a r a h k a n , m e n g k o o r d i-n a s i k a i-n , d a n m e n g e v a l u s i k e g i a t a n ; ( 3 ) m e n e n t u k a n k e b i j a k a n d a n m e l a k u k a n p e n g a -w a s a n ; ( 4 ) m e n g a t u r p r o s e s b e la j a r m e n g a j a r ; d a n ( 5 ) m e n g a t u r h u b u n g a n s e k o l a h d e n g a n m a s y a r a k a t d a n d u n i a u s a h a . K e p a l a s e k o l a h s e b a g a i p im p in a n s a t u a n p e n d i d ik a n d ih a d a p k a n p a d a t u g a s y a n g h a r u s d i s e l e s a i k a n . N u r h a d i ( 2 0 0 3 : 5 4 ) m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a k e p a l a s e k o l a h s e b a g a i p e n a n g g u n g j a w a b s e m u a k e g i a t a n a d m in is t ra s i p e n d id ik a n s e k ola h , k a re na it u k e p a la s e k o l a h m e m p u n y a i k e d u d u k a n t e r t i n g g i d a la m o r g a n i s a s i s a t u a n p e n d id ik a n .
K e p a l a s e k o l a h w a j i b m e n g e m b a n g k a n b u d a y a k ua lit a s , m e n g e m b a n t u g a s k e p e m ilik a n v is i y a n g s a n g a t k u a t t e rh a d a p k ua lit a s t ot a l b a g i in s t it u s in y a , k om it m e n y a ng j e la s t e rh a d a p p ro s e s p e n i n g k a t a n k u a l i t a s p e s e r t a d i d i k d i s e k o l a h m e n e n g a h k e j u r u a n , s e c a r a t e r u s m e n e r u s b e r k o m u n i k a s i t e n t a n g k u a l i t a s p e l a y a n a n t e rh a d a p s e lu ru h j a j a ra n k om p on e n y a n g t e rd a p a t d i S MK , s e rt a u nit k e rj a ny a , s e lu ru h k e b ij a k a nn y a b e r o r i e n t a s i k e p a d a p e n i n g k a t a n k u a l i t a s , t r a n s p a r a n , d a n p ro a k t if t e r ha d a p a s p ir a s i y a n g b e rk e m b a n g k hu s us p a d a p e la n g g a n, m e n g g e ra k k a n s t a f u n t u k b e k e r j a l e b i h d i n a m i s i n o v a t i f -p r o d u k t i f, s a n g g u p m e l a k u k a n k o r e k s i d i r i t e rh a d a p k e b ij a k a n n y a , m e m ilik i t e a m w ork y a ng e f e k t i f , d a n m a m p u m e n g e m b a n g k a n m u t u p e n d id ik a n d i s e k o la h .
p a d a h a k i k a t n y a t e r l e t a k p a d a e f i s i e n s i d a n e f e k t i v i t a s p e n a m p i l a n s e o r a n g k e p a l a s e k o l a h ( S um id j o 2 0 0 6 : 3 4 9 ) .
P a d a m a s a k i n i d a n m a s a m e n d a t a n g , k e p e m im p ina n S MK d it u nt u t m e m ilik i k e m a m p ua n b e r i k u t : ( 1 ) m e n g i d e n t i f i k a s i d i r i s e b a g a i a g e n p e r u b a h a n ; ( 2 ) b e r a n i d a n t e g u h ; ( 3 ) m e m il ik i k e p e rc a y a a n p a d a o ra n g la in; ( 4 ) d a p a t b e rp e ra n s e b a g a i v a lue - driv e n; ( 5 ) m e m ilik i s ik a p pe m be la j a r s e u m u r h id u p ; ( 6 ) m e m p u ny a i k e m a m p u a n u nt u k m e n g h a d a p i k o m p l e k s it a s , d a n k e t id a k - p a s t i a n ; d a n ( 7 ) v is ion e r. ( G a ffa r 2 0 0 5 : 1 6 7 ) . Pe m im pin y a n g d e m ik ia n it u d iy a k in i d a p a t m e m p os is ik a n d iri d a n m e m fu ng s ik a n le m b a g a y a ng d ip im p in ny a d a la m h a l : ( 1 ) p e n g a r t i k u l a s i a n v i s i m a s a d e p a n o r g a n i s a s i ; ( 2 ) p e n y e d i a a n s u a t u m o d e l y a n g t e p a t ; ( 3 ) p e m e l i h a r a p e n e r i m a a n t u j u a n k e l o m p o k ; ( 4 ) h a r a p a n t e r h a d a p k i n e r j a y a n g t in g g i; ( 5 ) p e m b e ria n d u k u n g a n ind iv id ua l; d a n ( 6 ) s t im ula s i in t e le k t ua l ( Muly a s a , 2 0 0 6 ) . L e b ih la nj u t D e p d ik b ud ( 2 0 0 9 ) d a la m ( J a la l 2 0 0 8 ) m e n e g a s k a n p e n t in g ny a k e p a la s e k ola h y a ng m e m ilik i k e m a m -p u a n -p r o f e s i o n a l y a i t u : k e -p r i b a d i a n , k e a h l i a n d a s a r, p e n g a l a m a n , p e l a t i h a n d a n p e n g e t a h u a n p r o f e s i o n a l , s e r t a k o m p e t e n s i a d m in i s t r a s i d a n p e n g a w a s a n . J a l a l ( 2 0 0 8 : 5 ) m e n g i d e n t i f i k a s i e m p a t m a s a la h p ok o k p e n d id ik a n d a la m k e ra n g k a ot on om i s e k ola h. D u a m a s a la h d i a nt a ra n y a ia la h : ( 1 ) k e p a l a s e k o l a h t i d a k m e m i l i k i k e w e n a n g a n y a n g c u k u p d a la m m e n g e lo la k e u a n g a n s e k o la h y a n g d i p i m p i n n y a ; d a n ( 2 ) k e m a m p u a n m a n a -j e m e n k e p a l a s e k o l a h p a d a u m u m n y a r e n d a h , t e r ut a m a d i s e k ola h n e g e ri.
P e n g a n g k a t a n k e p a l a s e k o l a h t e r l a l u m e n e k a n k a n p a d a p e rt im b a n g a n u r u t a n j e n j a n g k e p a n g k a t a n d a n m e n g a b a i k a n f a c t o r k e m a m -p u a n d a l a m m e m i m -p i n l e m b a g a . S e l a n j u t n y a p e m im p in y a ng b is a m e m b a w a p e ru b a ha n k e a ra h k e b a i k a n b il a d a l a m d i r i s e o r a n g p e m i m p i n i t u m i n i m a l t e r d a p a t t i g a u n s u r, y a k n i ( 1 ) a d a s e o r a n g p e m i m p i n y a n g m e m i m p i n , m e m p e -n g a r u h i , d a -n m e m b e r i k a -n b i m b i -n g a -n ; ( 2 ) a d a b a w a h a n y a ng d ik e n d a lik a n ; d a n ( 3 ) a d a t u j u a n y a ng d ip e rj u a n g k a n m e la lu i s e ra ng k a ia n k e g ia t a n . ( A n w a r 2 0 0 3 : 6 7 ) Me m b a w a p e r u b a h a n y a n g d im a k s u d s e p e r t i y a n g d in y a t a k a n L oc k e ( 1 9 9 7 ) a d a la h k e p e m i m p in a n t r a n s fo r m a s i o n a l s e b a g a i p e m i m p i n y a n g m e l i b a t k a n p e r u b a h a n d a l a m o r g a n i s a s i . K e p e m i m p i n a n i n i , s e b a g a i k e p e
-m i -m p i n a n y a n g m e m b u t u h k a n t i n d a k a n m e m ot iv a s i p a ra b a w a ha n a g a r b e rs e d ia b e k e rj a d e m i s a s a r a n “t i n g k a t t i n g g i ” y a n g d i a n g g a p m e n a r u h k e p e n t i n g a n p r i b a d i n y a p a d a s a a t i t u ( B a s s ( 1 9 8 5 ) . S e j a l a n i t u , T j i p t o n o ( 2 0 0 9 ) m e n g a t a k a n b a h w a p e m im p i n t r a n s f o r m a s i o n a l b i s a b e r h a s i l m e n g u b a h s t a t u s q u o d a l a m o r g a n i s a s i n y a d e n g a n c a r a m e m p r a k t i k k a n p e rila k u y a ng s e s u a i p a d a s e t ia p t a ha p a n p ro s e s . H a s i l p e n g a m a t a n d i S M K N e g e r i T e g a l m e m b e rik a n g a m b a ra n s e b a g a i b e rik u t ; 3 3 % d a ri re s p on d e n g uru m e n g a ng g a p k om p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k ola h c u k u p b a ik ; 4 0 , 5 % d a ri re s p on d e n g u ru m e m p e r s e p s ik a n i k li m o r g a n is a s i s e k o l a h c u k u p b a ik ; d a n 3 4 , 5 % d a r i r e s p o n d e n g u ru m e n ila i e t os k e rj a c uk u p b a ik . H a s il it u m e n g in d ik a s ik a n k e t e r k a i t a n a n t a r a k o m p e t e n s i k e p a l a s e k o l a h , ik li m o r g a n is a s i s e k o l a h , d a n e t o s k e r j a k e p a la s e k o la h d e n g a n k e p e m im p in a n t r a n s fo r m a s io n a l k e p a la s e k ola h . I s u p e n t in g s e h u b un g a n d e n g a n h a s i l p e n g a m a t a n i t u a d a la h k e la n g k a a n m o d e l k e p e m im p ina n k e p a la s e k ola h y a n g re le v a n u nt u k m e n j a w a b p e rs oa la n t e n t a n g k e p a la s e k ola h , m is i p e n d i d i k a n , d a n le m a h n y a r e l e v a n s i p e n d id i k a n S MK . Mo d e l k e p e m i m p i n a n i t u s e c a r a t e o r e t i k d ik on s e p s ik a n s e b a g a i k e p e m im p ina n t ra n s fo rm a s io n a l y a n g b e r c i r i k a n a d a n y a p r o s e s m e m b a -n g u -n k o m it m e -n b e rs a m a t e rh a d a p o rg a -nis a s i d a -n m e m b e r ik a n k e p e r c a y a a n k e p a d a p a r a p e n g ik u t u n t u k m e n c a p a i s a s a r a n . Me n u r u t B u r n ( 1 9 7 8 ) , d a la m k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s form a s ion a l, p e m im p in m e n c o b a m e n i m b u l k a n k e s a d a r a n d a r i p a r a p e n g i k u t n y a d e n g a n m e n y e r u k a n c it a - c i t a y a n g le b ih t in g g i d a n n ila i m ora l.
s e k o l a h , d a n e t o s k e r j a s e c a r a b e r s a m a - s a m a t e rh a d a p k e p e m im p i na n t r a n s for m a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h d i S MK Ne g e ri Te g a l
Tu j u a n k a j ia n in i m e n g e t a h u i : 1 ) h u b u n g a n k o m p e t e n s i k e p a l a s e k o l a h d e n g a n k e p e m i m -p i n a n n y a , 2 ) h u b u n g a n ik l im o r g a n is a s i s e k o la h d e n g a n k e p e m i m p i n a n n y a , 3 ) h u b u n g a n e t o s k e r j a t e r h a d a p k e p e m i m p i n a n n y a , d a n 4 ) m e n g e t a h u i s e c a r a b e r s a m a s a m a a n t a r a v a r i a -b e l k o m p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k o la h , i k li m o r g a n is a s i s e r t a e t o s k e r j a t e r h a d a p k e p e m i m p i n a n t r a n s f o r m a s i o n a l k e p a l a s e k o l a h S M K N e g e r i Te g a l .
K e p e m i m p i n a n T r a n s f o r m a s i o n a l
P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i f o k u s k a n p a d a e l e m e n k e p e m im p ina n t ra ns form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h d i S MK y a n g b e ro ri e n t a s i p a d a m u t u la y a n a n d a n m u t u p r o s e s d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n k u a l i t a s p e n d i d i k a n d i s e k o l a h . M u t u l a y a n a n i t u b e rim p lik a s i p a d a t e rc ip t a n y a s u a s a n a k e r j a y a ng k on d u s if, ik lim o rg a n is a s i s e k ol a h y a n g ny a m a n , e t o s k e r j a y a n g t i n g g i y a n g b e r o r i e n t a s i p a d a k u a l i t a s . M o d e l y a n g d i e k s p l o r a s i a d a l a h k e p e m i m p i n a n t r a n s fo r m a s i o n a l y a n g d i b a n g u n d e n g a n v a ria b e l k om p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k ola h , ik lim o rg a n is a s i s e k o la h , d a n e t os k e r j a .
K e p e m i m p i n a n a d a l a h s u a t u t i n d a k a n m e m ot iv a s i b a w a h a n u nt u k m e la k s a na k a n t u g a s , d a n k e p e m im p in a n m e ru p a k a n a s p e k y a n g p a lin g d o m i n a n d a l a m m a n a j e m e n s u a t u o r g a n i s a s i . K u nc i k e p e m im p in a n a d a la h p e m im p in , s t im u lus , m o t i v a s i , d a n b a w a h a n . K e p e m i m p i n a n m e r u p a k a n k e m a m p u a n d a n k e t e r a m p i l a n s e s e o r a n g y a n g m e n d u d u k i j a b a t a n s e b a g a i p e m im p in s u a t u u nit k e rj a u n t u k m e m p e n g a ru h i p e r i l a k u b a w a h n y a . K e p e m i m p i n a n a d a l a h “t h e a b ilit y a n d re a d in e s s t o in s p ire , g u id e , d ir e c t , or m a n a g e o t h e r ” ( G o o d 1 9 7 3 ) . P e n g a r u h m o d e l k e p e m im p ina n t e rh a d a p b a w a h a n ini s e p e rt i y a n g d in y a t a k a n B a s s ( 1 9 9 9 : 2 1 ) a d a la h m e m b e r ik a n i n s p i r a s i p e n g i k u t n y a u n t u k m e n g a r a h k a n k e p e n t i n g a n p r i b a d i b a g i k e b a i k a n o r g a n i s a s i , m e n g a k u i n i l a i d a n f i l o s o f i , d a n m e m i k i r k a n m a s a l a h d e n g a n c a r a b a r u . P e r n y a t a a n i n i m e ru p a k a n m od e l k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s fo rm a s ion a l d i k e m b a n g k a d a l a m k o n t e k s p o l i t i k d a n s e l a n j u t n y a k e d a l a m k o n t e k s o r g a n i s a s i o n a l . K e p e m i m p i n a n i n i y a n g d i n i l a i p a l i n g t e p a t
t e rh a d a p g a y a k e p e m im p in a n y a ng p a ling e fe k t if. S e j a la n it u , T j ip t o n o ( 2 0 0 6 ) m e n g a t a k a n b a hw a p e m i m p i n t r a n s f o r m a s i o n a l b i s a b e r h a s i l m e n g u b a h s t a t u s q u o d a l a m o r g a n i s a s i n y a d e n g a n c a ra m e m p ra k t ik k a n p e rila k u y a n g s e s u a i p a d a s e t ia p t a h a p a n p r o s e s t r a n s fo r m a s i.
Pe m i m p i n b e r g a y a t r a n s fo r m a s io n a l, b e r k e -m a -m p u a n -m e n g ub a h p e rila k u k e p e -m i-m p in a n ny a y a n g t r a d i s i o n a l d a n k u r a n g r e s p o n s if t e r h a d a p p e m b a h a r u a n m e n j a d i p e m i m p i n y a n g b e r k e -s a n g g u p a n m e n t r a n -s f o r m a -s i j a l a n n y a r o d a o r g a n i s a s i , s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r a n n y a s e b a g a i p e nun j uk a ra h, t uj u a n d im a s a d e p a n ( dire c t s e t t e r) , a g e n p e r u b a h a n ( c h a n g e a g e n t ) , n e g o s i a t o r ( s p o k e s m a n ) , d a n s e b a g a i p e m b in a ( c o a c h ) , d i d a la m b i d a n g p e n d id ik a n , s e i ri n g d e n g a n u p a y a p e m b a ha r u a n y a n g d ila k u k a n , b e n t u k k e p e m im -p in a n -p e n t in g u nt u k d iform u la s ik a n . B a s s ( 1 9 8 5 ) d a n S illin ( 1 9 9 4 : 4 2 1 ) , k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s fo rm a -s ion a l t e rd iri d a ri t ig a k om p on e n ( 1 ) k ha ri-s m a ; ( 2 ) k e p e k a a n i n t e l e k t u a l ; d a n ( 3 ) s t i m u l a s i i n t e l e k t u a l . K e p e m i m p i n a n t r a n s f o r m a s i o n a l d ig a m b a rk a n s e b a g a i b e n t u k k e p e m im p in a n y a ng m a m p u m e n ing k a t k a n k om it m e n s t a f ( H u n t 1 9 9 1 ) m e n g k o m u n i k a s i k a n s u a t u v i s i d a n i m p l e m e n -t a s i n y a ( D u n p h y 1 9 9 0 ) m e m b e r i k a n k e p u a s a n d a la m b e k e rj a d a n m e n g e m b a n g k a n fok u s y a n g b e r o r i e n t a s i p a d a k l i e n . K o n s e p i t u , d a p a t d is im p ulk a n a d a n y a p e n ok oh a n s e ora ng p e m im p in d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n e l e m e n k h a ri s m a , m a m p u m e m b e r i k a n i l h a m , l o y a l i t a s d a n k e t e k u n a n , m e n a n a m k a n k e b a n g g a a n , k e s e t i a a n , s e r t a m e m b a n g k i t k a n r a s a h o r m a t . P e m i m p i n y a n g m e m ilik i c iri, m e m p e rliha t k a n v is i, k e m a m p ua n , da n k e a h l i a n n y a s e r t a t i n d a k a n y a n g l e b i h m e n d a h u l u k a n k e p e n t i n g a n o r g a n i s a s i d a n k e p e n t in g a n o r a n g la i n ( m a s y a r a k a t ) d a r i p a d a k e p e n t i n g a n p r i b a d i . K a r e n a i t u , p e m i m p i n k a r i s m a t i s d i j a d i k a n s u r i t a u l a d a n , i d o l a , d a n m o d e l p a n u t a n o l e h b a w a h a n n y a . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , m e n j a d i s a n g a t k u a t d i y a k i n i b a h w a k e p e m im p ina n j e n is in i m e m a n g d ip e rlu k a n d a la m e r a p a s k a m o d e r n i s a s i .
m e n g e m b a n g k a n s e k o l a h n y a , y a i t u ( 1 ) t i d a k m e n u n g g u , y a i t u b a h w a k e p a l a s e k o l a h h a r u s p roa k t if d a n m e ra ih k e m e n a ng a n d in i; ( 2 ) m e m ilik i k a ra k t e r y a ng b e rb obot , ha ru s m e m ilik i k re d ibilit a s ; ( 3 ) s e - o r a n g k e p a l a s e k o l a h k e p a l a n y a a d a d i a w a n , s e d a n g k a n k a k in y a a d a d i b u m i, a r t i n y a b a h w a “d i s a m p i n g k e p a l a s e k o l a h i t u h a r u s m e m i lik i k e s a d a r a n a r a h d a n v is i u n t u k m e l ih a t k e d e p a n , t e t a p i s e k a l i g u s h a r u s d a p a t m e ng a y om i d a n b is a d ib a n g g a k a n; d a n ( 4 ) m e m ilik i s i s t e m n i l a i b e r s a m a , a r t i n y a b a h w a a p a y a n g d ik a t a k a n p e m im p in h a ru s s e s u a i d e n g a n ha ra p a n p e n g ik ut n y a . S e la in it u , k e p a la s e k ola h t id a k b is a m e n g e rj a k a n s e n d iri, a rt in y a b a h w a s t ra t e g i y a n g m a m p u m e m e n a n g k a n d a l a m m e m im p i n a d a l a h fil o s o fi “k a m i” d a n b u k a n “a k u ”. K e p a la s e k o la h m e n i n g g a l k a n w a r i s a n b e r u p a k e h i d u p a n y a n g d i j a l a n i b e r s a m a , m a k a t e m p a l a h a t u r a n e m a s k e p e m i m p i n a n . K e p e m i m p i n a n a d a l a h k e p e n -t in g a n s e -t ia p o ra ng , a r-t iny a s e -t ia p o ra n g o-t om a -t is a d a la h p e m im p in .
K o m p e t e n s i K e p a l a S e k o l a h
S ua t u p e rs y a ra t a n p e n t in g b a g i k e e fe k t ifa n s ua t u o r g a n i s a s i a t a u k e s u k s e s a n p e m i m p i n ( k e p e m im p in a n) d a n m a na j e r ( m a n a j e m e n ) d a la m m e n g e m b a n p e r a n , t u g a s , f u n g s i , a t a u p u n t a n g g u n g j a w a b n y a a d a la h k o m p e t e n s i . B o y a t z i s ( 1 9 8 2 : 8 9 ) k om p e t e ns i s e b a g a i “k e m a m p u a n y a n g d i m i l i k i s e s e o r a n g y a n g n a m p a k p a d a s i k a p n y a y a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n k e b u t u h a n k e r j a d a l a m p a ra m e t e r lin g k un g a n org a n is a s i d a n m e m b e rik a n h a s i l y a n g d i i n g i n k a n ”. L e b i h l a n j u t S a n u s i ( 2 0 0 1 : 1 2 3 ) m e m p e r t a u t k a n k e m a m p u a n k e p a la s e k o l a h d e n g a n m i s i p r o f e s i o n a ln y a t e r d i r i a t a s ( 1 ) k e m a m p u a n d a la m a d m in is t ra s i s e k ola h y a n g m e lip u t i k e m a m p ua n t u j u a n, k e m a m p u a n p ros e s d a n k e m a m p u a n m a n a j e ria l; s e rt a ( 2 ) k om it m e n d a la m a d m inis t ra s i s e k ola h y a n g m e lip u t i orie n t a s i k e a r a h s y a r a t k e u n g g u l a n p r o f e s i o n a l , a k t i f b e r p a r t is i p a s i d a l a m k e g i a t a n b e la j a r m e n g a j a r y a n g p r o f e s i o n a l , d a n d e d i k a s i t e r h a d a p p e n g e m b a ng a n k on s e p y a ng le n g k a p t e n t a ng t h e p r i n c i p a l s h i p . K e p e m i m p i n a n k e p a l a s e k o l a h b e r k e n a a n p u l a d e n g a n p e m i l i k a n k o m p e t e n s i d a s a r m a n a j e r i a l p a d a d i r i p e m i m p i n , b e r h u -b u ng a n d e n g a n p e n g e t a h ua n , m e t o d e d a n t e k n ik t e r t e n t u d a la m m e n y e le s a ik a n t u g a s .
K om p e t e ns i k e p a la s e k ola h a d a la h k a p a s it a s
d a r i p e n g e t a h u a n , k e t e r a m p i la n d a n s ik a p y a n g d im ilik i ole h s e o ra n g k e p a la s e k ola h y a ng re le v a n d e n g a n s t a n d a r k om p e t e n s i y a n g a k a n d ila k uk a n s e h in g g a m a m p u m e la k s a n a k a n p e k e r j a a n y a n g t e la h d i r a n c a n g b a g i d i r in y a b a ik u n t u k s a a t in i m a u p u n p a d a m a s a y a n g a k a n d a t a n g . K e p a l a s e k o l a h d i s a m p i n g s e b a g a i k a t a l i s p e r u b a h a n j u g a m e m ilik i v is i y a n g j e la s , m e m ilik i g a m b a ra n h o l i s t i k t e n t a n g b a g a i m a n a o r g a n i s a s i d i m a s a d e p a n k e t i k a s e m u a t u j u a n s a s a r a n n y a t e l a h t e r c a p a i ( C o v e y 1 9 9 2 ) ; ( P e t e r s 1 9 9 2 ) ; d a n S e r g i o v a n n i ( 1 9 9 0 ) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k e b e r h a s i la n o r g a n i s a s i d a l a m m e n c a p a i t u j u a n y a ng b e rb a s is k om p e t e n s i t e rc e rm in d a ri t a m p ila n c i r i k o m p e t e n s i y a n g h a r u s d i m i l i k i n y a , d ii d e n t ifik a s i d a ri h u b u n g a n in t e ra k s io n a l a n t a r a p e r i l a k u k e p e m i m p i n a n k e p a l a s e k o l a h d a l a m m e la k s a n a k a n f un g s i m e r e n c a n a k a n , m e n g o rg a -n i s a s i , m e m i m p i -n d a -n m e -n g e -n d a l i k a -n s u m b e r d a y a . I k lim y a n g k on d us if b e rh ub u ng a n d e n g a n e t os k e rj a y a ng k ua t , s e b a lik ny a ik lim y a ng ot o rit e r d a n s e n t r a l i s a s i p e n g a m b i l a n k e p u t u s a n t i d a k m e n g u n t u n g k a n b a g i o r g a n i s a s i , s e m e n t a r a t i n g k a h l a k u g u r u s a n g a t d i t e n t u k a n o l e h p e r a t u r a n d a n p r o s e d u r s t a n d a r k e r j a b u k a n m e n j u r u s k e a r a h p r o d u k t i v i t a s r e n d a h t e t a p i m e n g ha s ilk a n s e d ik it k e p u a s a n d a n s ik a p n e g a t if t e r h a d a p or g a n is a s i ( B u r h a n ud in 2 0 0 4 : 1 0 2 ) .
S e s u a i d e n g a n Pe ra t u ra n Pe m e rin t a h No: 1 9 Ta hu n 2 0 0 5 t e n t a ng S t a nd a r Na s io na l Pe nd id ik a n, B a b V I S t a nd a r Pe n d id ik d a n Te n a g a K e p e n d id ik a n p a s a l 3 8 A y a t 1 un t u k m e n j a d i k e p a la S MP/ MTs / S MA / MA / S MK / MA K m e lip u t i ( 1 ) b e rs t a t u s s e b a g a i g u r u S MP / MT S / S MA / MA / S MK / MA K ; ( 2 ) m e m il i k i k ua lifik a s i a k a d e m ik d a n k om p e t e n s i s e b a g a i a g e n p e m b e l a j a r a n s e s u a i k e t e n t u a n p e r u n d a n g -u nd a n g a n y a ng b e rla k -u; ( 3 ) m e m ilik i p e n g a la m a n m e n g a j a r s e k u ra ng - k ur a ng n y a 5 ( lim a ) t a h u n d i S MP / MTs / S MA / MA / S MK / MA K ; d a n ( 4 ) m e m i l i k i k e m a m p u a n k e p i m p i n a n d a n k e w i r a u s a h a a n d i b i d a n g p e n d id ik a n .
S MK . K e p a l a s e k o l a h s e b a g a i p e m e g a n g k u n c i k e b e r h a s ila n d a la m p e n g e l e n g g a r a a n p e n d id ik a n d i s e k ola h t a np a m e m ilik i k e s ia p a n m e n t a l u nt u k m e n g h a d a p i p e k e r j a a n d e n g a n b e r b a g a i t a n t a n g a n , p e m a h a m a n t e r h a d a p d i r i s e n d i r i s e p e r t i t e r t e r a k e p e m i l i k a n k o m p e t e n s i k e p rib a d ia n d a n p e m a h a m a n t e rh a d a p ora ng la in t e r c e r m in k om p e t e n s i s o s ia l, i n is ia t if, k re a t iv it a s s e b a g a i c e r m i n a n d a r i k o m p e t e n s i m a n a j e r i a l , i n t e g r i t a s , k e b e r a n i a n u n t u k b e r h a s i l , d a n b e r p r e s t a s i m e ru p a k a n a p lik a s i d a ri p e n g u a s a a n k o m p e t e n s i k e w ir a u s a h a a n d a n s u p e r v i s i.
S e m e n t a r a i t u , k e b e r h a s i la n k e p a l a s e k o l a h d a l a m m e m b a n g u n w a t a k k e w i b a w a a n , m e n g e m b a n g k a n p o t e ns i, in t e g r i t a s , d a n t u j u a n h i d u p d a n y a n g t e r p e n t i n g m e r a s a k a n p e l u a n g d a n m e n c ip t a k a n m a s a d e p a n , m e m b a n g un t it ik t e m u , in ov a s i, in t uit if, t ra n s fo rm a s i s it u a s ion a l, d a n k e c e r d a s a n y a n g l u w e s . K e s e l u r u h a n a s p e k i t u , m e ru p a k a n k e k u a t a n b a g i k e p a la s e k ol a h d a la m m e n g e l o l a s e k o l a h n y a u n t u k m e n c a p a i k e b e r -h a s ila n, d ip e rluk a n p e m b a -ha s a n t e n t a n g b e rb a g a i k o m p e t e n s i y n g h a r u s d i k u a s a i o l e h s e o r a n g k e p a l a s e k o la h .
D a la m m e n g h a d a p i t a n t a n g a n m a s a d e p a n y a n g s e m a k i n t e r a s a k o m p l e k s d a n a k a n b e r k e m b a n g s e m a k i n d i n a m i s , d i p e r l u k a n k om p e t e n s i k e p e m im p ina n k e p a la s e k ola h b e ru p a c o nc e p t io n y a n g t e p a t , c o m p e t e n c y y a n g c u k u p , c on n e c t ion y a ng lu a s , d a n c on fid e n c e . K e n y a t a a n p e n ng e lola a n s e k o la h y a ng d ih a d a p i u n t u k d a p a t b e ru b a h k e a ra h y a n g le b ih b a ik t id a k h a n y a d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n m e n u n g g u i n s t r u k s i a t a u k e b ij a k a n d a ri a t a s a n a t a u o ra n g la i n, p e n g e l ola s e k o l a h d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n a l t e r n a t i f t i n d a k a n s e c a r a b ij a k d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n k e m a m p u a n y a ng d im ilik i y a it u k om p e t e ns in y a
Me n g i n g a t t a n g g u n g j a w a b d a n p e r a n n y a d a la m m e m a j u k a n s e k ola h, m a k a k rit e ria k e p a la s e k o l a h d i a t u r d a l a m P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h R e p u b lik I n d on e s ia No m or 1 9 Ta hu n 2 0 0 5 t e n t a ng S t a n d a r N a s ion a l P e n d id ik a n p a d a P a s a l 3 8 a y a t ( 3 ) d i n y a t a k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t ( 1 ) m e m i l i k i k ua lifik a s i a k a d e m ik d a n k om p e t e n s i s e b a g a i a g e n p e m b e la j a ra n , ( 2 ) m e m ilik i p e n g a la m a n m e n g a j a r s e k u ra n g - k u ra ng n y a lim a t a h un , d a n ( 3 ) m e m ilik i k e m a m p u a n k e p e m i m p i n a n d a n k e w i r a u s a h a a n d i b id a n g p e n d id ik a n . K e b e rh a s ila n k e p e m im p in a n k e p a l a s e k o l a h d a l a m m e n g e l o l a p e n d i d i k a n
d i p e n g a r u h i o le h k e m a m p u a n u n t u k m e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n p e r e n c a n a a n ( p l a n n i n g ) , p e n g o r g a n i -s a -s ia n ( org a niz ing ) , p e n g a r a ha n ( a c t u a t ing ) , d a n p e n g a w a s a n ( c o n t r o l i n g ) t e r h a d a p s e m u a o p e r a s i o n a l t i n g k a t s a t u a n p e n d i d i k a n . K e b e r h a s i l a n s e k o l a h d a l a m m e r a i h m u t u p e n d id ik a n y a n g b a ik b a n y a k d it e n t u k a n m e l a lu i p e r a n k e p e m im p in a n k e p a la s e k o la h .
I k l i m O r g a n i s a s i S e k o l a h
( d a r i s e g i k u a n t it a s d a n c i r i p e r m a s a l a h a n n y a ) , re k a n s e j a w a t ( t in g k a t d u k u ng a n d a n k e rj a s a m a ) , d a n p e n y e lia - p e n y e l ia ( d u k u n g a n d a n im b a l a n ) , ( d ) d im e n s i b iro k ra t ik , y a it u un d a ng - u nd a n g d a n p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n k o n f lik p e r a n a n
S e la ra s d e n g a n it u , ik lim s e k ola h y a ng p o s it if m e ru p a k a n s u a t u k on d is i d im a na k e a d a a n s e k ola h d a n lin g k un g a n ny a d a la m k e a d a a n a m a n , d a m a i, d a n m e n y e n a n g k a n u n t u k k e g i a t a n b e l a j a r m e n g a j a r. P a d a h a k e k a t n y a i k l i m b e r s i f a t in t e r p e r s o n a l d a n d im a n i f e s t a s i k a n d a la m s i k a p d a n p e r i l a k u g u r u , s is w a d a n p i m p i n a n s e k o l a h d a l a m k e g i a t a n k e r j a n y a . S e l a i n i t u , i k l i m m e r u p a k a n e n e r g i y a n g t e r d a p a t d i d a l a m or g a n is a s i y a n g d a p a t m e m b e ri k a n p e ng a r u hn y a t e r h a d a p s e k o l a h , s e p e r t i p e r a t u r a n y a n g d i s e p a k a t i u n t u k m e w u j u d k a n t u j u a n b e r s a m a , d u k u n g a n t e m a n s e j a w a t d a l a m m e m b a n g u n k o l a b o r a s i d i s e k o l a h , k e n y a m a n a n k a n t o r m e n d u k u ng k on d is i y a n g k on d u s i f, k e s e m u a nn y a i t u t e r g a n t u n g b a g a i m a n a e n e r g i t e r s e b u t d i s a l u r k a n d a n d i a r a h k a n o l e h p i m p i n a n s e k o l a h . S e m a k i n b a i k e n e r g i y a n g d i s a l u r k a n d a n d ia ra hk a n m a k a s e m a k in b a ik p u la p e n g a r u hn y a t e r h a d a p s e k o la h .
I n d i k a t o r k e b e r h a s i l a n k e p a l a S MK d a l a m P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o : 1 9 T a h u n 2 0 0 5 d i t e g a s k a n b a h w a s a l a h s a t u t u g a s k e p a l a s e k ola h a d a la h m e n j a g a ik lim k e rj a . I k lim k e r j a y a n g d i m a k s u d a d a l a h p e n c i p t a a n l i n g k u n g a n s e k ol a h y a ng b a ik s e p e rt i k e b e rs i ha n , k e in d a h a n k e t e r t i b a n , k e a m a n a n , k e r i n d a n g a n d a n k e k e l u a r g a a n s e b a g a i b a g i a n y a n g t a k t e r p is a hk a n d a r i p ro fe s i on a li s m e . S e lu ru h w a rg a s e k ola h d e n g a n s it u a s i y a n g ny a m a n d ih a ra p k a n d a p a t m e n g a k t u a l i s a s i k a n i d e , k r e a t i v i t a s , in ov a s i, k e r j a s a m a , d a n k om p e t is i y a n g s e h a t d i a n t a r a g u r u . K e n y a m a n a n k e r j a d i b u t u h k a n p e n a t a a n r ua n g a n k e rj a y a n g b a i k , p e n e ra ng a n r u a n g a n y a n g c u k u p , v e n t i l a s i u d a r a y a n g m e m a d a i, m e n j a u hk a n d a r i s u a ra b is in g K a rt o n o ( 2 0 0 6 : 2 6 ) . Fa s ilit a s - fa s ilit a s k e b u t u h a n l a in ny a s e p e rt i k a m a r m a n d i y a ng b e rs ih , a ir y a n g c u k u p s e la lu t e rs e d ia . R u a ng a n m e m b e rik a n k o m u nik a s i y a n g b a i k a n t a r i n d i v i d u s e r t a m e m b e r i r a s a n y a m a n k e p a d a y a n g m e n e m p a t i. H u b u ng a n a nt a r in d iv id u y a n g a k ra b s e rt a lin g k u n g a n k e rj a y a n g m e n d uk u ng t id a k m e n im b u lk a n s t re s k e rj a k a re na h ub u ng a n a n t a ra in d iv id u d ij a lin s e c a ra b a ik d a n
k e k e l u a r g a a n . K a r t o n o ( 2 0 0 6 : 2 8 ) m e n e m u k a n b a h w a s u a s a n a s e k o l a h m e m b e r i k a n k o n t r i b u s i t id a k la n g s u ng t e rh a d a p k in e rj a p a ra g uru d i S MK . I k l i m o r g a n i s a s i s e k o l a h d a p a t d i p a n d a n g s e b a g a i a s e t d a r i s u a t u o r g a n i s a s i y a n g d a p a t d ig un a k a n u n t u k m e n c ip t a k a n n ila i b a g i o rg a nis a s i m e l a l u i k o m b i n a s i m o d a l m a n u s i a d a n m o d a l s t ru k t u ra l. I k lim org a n is a s i d is in i d a p a t d im a k n a i s e b a g a i s u a t u k a r a k t e r is t ik d a r i s e b u a h s e k o la h d a la m s u a t u org a n is a s i y a ng d ip e rs e p s i o le h p a ra g u r u d a n s e k a l i g u s m e m p e n g a r u h i p e r i l a k u n y a d a la m m e l a k s a n a k a n t u g a s n y a .
E t o s K e r j a
E t os k e rj a y a n g t in g g i s e y og y a ny a d im ilik i s e t ia p p e g a w a i a t a u k e p a la s e k o la h d i s u a t u s e k o la h , i n i s a n g a t m e m b u t u h k a n k e r j a k e r a s d a n k om it m e n y a n g t in g g i d a ri s e t ia p p e g a w a i, k a la u t i d a k o r g a n i s a s i a k a n s u l i t b e r k e m b a n g , d a n m e m e n a n g k a n p e rs a ing a n d a la m m e re b u t p a n g s a p a s a r n y a . S e t i a p o r g a n i s a s i s e p e r t i s e k o l a h m e n e n g a h k e j u r u a n s e l a l u i n g i n m a j u , a k a n m e l i b a t k a n a n g g o t a u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n m u t u k i n e r j a n y a , d i a n t a r a n y a s e t i a p s e k o l a h h a r u s m e m i l i k i e t o s k e r j a . S i a g i a n ( 2 0 0 6 ) s e o r a n g p e g a w a i m e m ilik i e t o s k e rj a y a ng t in g g i, a p a b ila m e n u n j u k k a n t a n d a - t a n d a s e b a g a i b e r i k u t , ( 1 ) m e m p u ny a i p e n ila ia n y a n g s a n g a t p o s it if t e rh a d a p h a s i l k e r j a n y a ; ( 2 ) m e n e m p a t k a n p a n d a n g a n t e n t a n g k e rj a , s e b a g a i s ua t u h a l y a n g a m a t luh ur b a g i e k s is t e n s i m a n us ia ; ( 3 ) k e rj a y a n g d ira s a k a n s e b a g a i a k t i v i t a s y a n g m e m b u t u h k a n k e t e k u na n d a n s e k a l i g u s s a r a n a y a n g p e n t i n g d a l a m m e w u j ud k a n c it a - c it a ; ( 4 ) k e rj a d ila k uk a n s e b a g a i b e n t u k i b a d a h .
-t iv i-t a s ; ( 2 ) -t ing k a -t a b s e n s i y a ng na ik / re nd a h ; ( 3 ) la b ou r t u rn ov e r ( t ing k a t p e rp u t a ra n b u ru h) y a ng t i n g g i ; ( 4 ) t i n g k a t k e r u s u h a n y a n g n a i k ; ( 5 ) k e g e l i s a h a n d i m a n a - m a n a ; ( 6 ) t u n t u t a n y a n g s e rin g t e rj a d i; d a n ( 7 ) p e m og o k a n.
P e n i n g k a t a n e t o s k e r j a d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n b e rb a g a i c a ra , a n t a ra la in m e la lu i S ina m o ( 1 9 9 9 : 7 8 ) ( 1 ) k o m u n i k a s i s e c a r a i n t e r a k t i f w a l a u p u n d a l a m b a n y a k p e r b e d a a n ; ( 2 ) m e n e g a k k a n d i s i p l i n k e r j a ; ( 3 ) m e n u m b u h k a n k o m it m e n d a n k e s a d a ra n a k a n t a n g g u ng j a w a b ; ( 4 ) k e r j a s a m a y a n g s o l id d a n t r a n s p a r a n ; d a n ( 5 ) m e n c ip t a k a n ik lim k e rj a y a n g k o n d u s if. E t o s k e r j a y a n g t i n g g i b i a s a n y a m u n c u l k a r e n a b e r b a g a i t a n t a n g a n , h a r a p a n , d a n k e m u n g k in a n k e m u n g k in a n y a n g m e n a r ik . S it u a s i i t u , d a p a t m e m b u a t s e s e o r a n g s e p e r t i g u r u a t a u k e p a l a s e k o l a h i t u , b e k e r j a d e n g a n r a j i n , t e l i t i , b e r d e d ik a s i , s e r t a t a n g g u n g j a w a b y a n g b e s a r, p e r il a k u k e r j a y a n g k o n s i s t e n p o s i t i f, b e r w a t a k ra m a h b u d a y a , d a n s e ra s i lin g k u ng a n , k om it m e n t e rh a d a p v is i org a n is a s i, s e rt a orie nt a s i k e rj a p a d a k e u n g g u l a n i n s a n i b e r d a s a r k a n t h e s p i r i t o f s u c c e s s .
D ila nd a s i e t os k e r j a y a n g t in g g i a k a n d ir a i h b e rb a g a i h a s il, b a ik u nt u k k e p e n t in g a n le m b a g a , S i n a m o ( 1 9 9 9 : 7 8 ) m e n e g a s k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t ( 1 ) m e n c a p a i a k t u a l i s a s i d i r i ; ( 2 ) t e r c a p a i n y a k e p u a s a n ; ( 3 ) p e n g e m b a n g a n k a r i e r p e g a w a i s e c a ra a d il; ( 4 ) m e la k uk a n re t e n s i s e c a ra s e le k t if; ( 5 ) m e n i n g k a t k a n d i s i p l i n ; ( 6 ) m e n i n g k a t k a n m o t i v a s i d a n m o r a l k e r j a ; ( 7 ) m e n i n g k a t k a n p rod u k t iv it a s k e rj a ; ( 8 ) m e n ing k a t k a n k e rj a s a m a ; ( 9 ) m e n um b uh k a n k on flik p os it if. Pe nin g k a t a n e t os k e r j a d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n b e r b a g a i c a r a , S ina m o ( 1 9 9 9 : 1 1 2 ) d a p a t b e ru p a ( 1 ) k om u nik a s i s e c a r a i n t e r a k t i f w a l a u p u n d a l a m b a n y a k p e r b e d a a n ; ( 2 ) m e n e g a k k a n d i s i p l i n k e r j a ; ( 3 ) m e n u m b u h k a n k o m i t m e n d a n k e s a d a r a n a k a n t a ng g u n g j a w a b ; ( 4 ) k e r j a s a m a y a n g s ol id d a n t ra n s p a ra n ; d a n ( 5 ) m e n c ip t a k a n ik lim k e rj a y a ng k o n d u s i f.
B e r b e k a l e t o s k e r j a p r o f e s s i o n a l y a n g m e la t a r b e l a k a ng i m u n c u l n y a m o r a l d a n p e r ila k u k e r j a p e g a w a i , m a k a p a d a g i l i r a n n y a d a p a t m e n d oro n g o rg a n is a s i u nt u k m e n a m p ilk a n k in e rj a t in g g i, d ih a ra p k a n a k a n m e n um b uh k a n k e m a u a n , k e m a m p u a n , d a n k e s e d i a a n s e s e o r a n g u n t u k m e n y e s u a i k a n p e r i l a k u n y a d e n g a n b u d a y a d a n
t u n t u t a n o r g a n i s a s i, s e h in g g a t e r m o t iv a s i u n t u k m e n in g k a t k a n p ro d u k t iv it a s k e rj a n y a . U n t u k it u , d ip e rlu k a n a d a n y a k e j e la s a n v is i, m is i, k om it m e n , i n t e g r i t a s , k r e t i v i t a s , d a y a t a h a n a t a s b e r b a g a i t a n t a n g a n d a n a n c a m a n d a n y a n g t e r p e n t i n g a d a la h a d a ny a k e m a ua n u nt u k b e k e rj a k e ra s d e m i o r g a n i s a s i .
B e rd a s a r k a j ia n t e ori it u , h ip ot e s is n y a a d a la h ( 1 ) A d a k o n t r ib u s i v a r i a b e l k o m p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k o l a h t e r h a d a p k e p e m i m p i n a n t r a n s fo r m a -s ion a l k e p a la -s e k ola h. ( 2 ) A d a k on t rib u-s i v a ria b e l ik lim org a n is a s i s e k o la h t e rh a d a p k e p e m im p in a n t r a n s f o r m a s i o n a l k e p a l a s e k o l a h . ( 3 ) A d a k on t rib u s i v a ria b e l e t o s k e rj a t e rh a d a p k e p e m im -p i n a n t r a n s fo r m a s i o n a l k e -p a la s e k o la h . ( 4 ) A d a k o n t r i b u s i v a r i a b e l k o m p e t e n s i k e p a l a s e k o l a h , ik lim o rg a n is a s i s e rt a e t o s k e rj a s e c a ra b e rs a m a s a m a t e r ha d a p m od e l k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s fo rm a -s i on a l k e p a l a -s e k o la h .
M e t o d e d a n P r o s e d u r A n a l i s i s
d e n g a n C ro nb a c h ’s A lp h a , s e lu ru h b u t ir in s t ru m e n d i n y a t a k a n r e li a b e l
Pe rm od e la n p e rs a m a a n s t ru k t ura l t e rd iri a t a s d e la p a n la n g k a h y a it u : ( 1 ) p e n g e m b a n g a n m od e l b e rb a s is t e o ri d e n g a n c o nc is e t h e ore t ic a l m od e l . ( 2 ) p e n y u s u n a n d i a g r a m a l u r, d i b a n g u n s e c a r a n om ot h e t ic - e x p la n a t io n , p re d ic t io n d a n c on t rol la lu c a u s a l m od e l s e c a ra d ia g ra m a lu r ( p a t h d ia g ra m ) . ( 3 ) s p e s ifik a s i m od e l d e n g a n m od e l p e n g uk u ra n ( m e a s u re m e n t m od e l) . ( 4 ) id e n t ifik a s i m od e l y a it u m e n j a g a m o d e l a g a r t id a k u n d e r - id e nt ifie d a t a u u nid e n t ifie d . ( 5 ) e s t im a s i p a ra m e t e r, m e m b a ng u n d a t a m e n g ha s ilk a n m a t rik s k ov a ria n b e rd a s a rk a n m ode l ( m ode l- ba s e d cov a ria ns m ode l) . ( 6 ) pe nila ia n m ode l fit , de ng a n indik a t or g ood ne s s of fit ( G OF ) . ( 7 ) m o d i f i k a s i m o d e l , u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h m o d e l f i t ( g o o d n e s s o f fi t ) d a l a m b a h a s a s t a t is t i k , u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h n i l a i s e l i s i h y a n g t e r k e c i l a n t a r a k o v a r ia n m a t ri k s a m p e l d e n g a n k o v a ri a n m a t rik m od e l. Pe n g u k u ra n v a ria b e l la t e n u n t u k m e n g u k u r i n d i k a t o r v a r i a b e l y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i s e b u a h v a ria b e l la t e n , d ig u na k a n t e k nik c on fim a t ory fa c t or a n a li y s is .
H a s i l P e n e l i t i a n d a n B a h a s a n
K e p e m im p i n a n t r a n s f o r m a s i o n a l k e p a l a s e k o la h b e r d a s a r k a n a n a l i s i s d e s k r i p t i f v a r i a b e l p e n g u k u ra n ny a d ip e ro le h m e a n s e b e s a r 9 5 , 8 0 5 y a n g t e r l e t a k p a d a i n t e r v a l 8 9 - 1 0 9 , b a h w a k e p e m i m p i n a n t r a n s fo r m a s io n a l k e p a la s e k o la h m e n uru t p e rs e p s i g u ru a d a la h b a ik . K om p e t e n s i K e p a la S e k ola h a n a lis is d a ri v a ria b e l la t e n b e s e rt a v a ria b e l p e n g uk u ra n ny a y a ng t e rd iri a t a s 3 7 b u t ir p e rt a n y a a n, s k or t e re n d a h 3 7 d a n s k or t e rt ing g i 1 8 5 , r a n g e 1 4 8 d a n k e l a s i n t e r v a l 2 9 . m e a n s e b e s a r 1 3 5 , 8 y a n g t e rl e t a k p a d a in t e rv a l 1 2 8 -1 5 6 m e n u ru t p e rs e p s i g u ru a d a la h b a ik V a ria b e l i k l i m o r g a n i s a s i s e k o l a h b e r d a s a r k a n a n a l i s i s d e s k rip t if, d a ri v a ria b e l la t e n b e s e rt a v a ria b e l p e n g u k u r a n n y a y a n g t e r d i r i a t a s 1 4 b u t i r
p e rt a n y a a n d ip e ro le h m e a n s e b e s a r 5 1 , 6 3 5 y a ng t e r l e t a k p a d a i n t e r v a l 4 9 - 5 9 , b e r a r t i i k l i m o r g a n is a s i s e k o la h d i p e r s e p s i g u r u a d a l a h b a i k E t os k e rj a b e rd a s a rk a n a n a lis is d e s k rip t if, v a ria b e l la t e n e t os k e rj a b e s e rt a v a r ia b e l p e n g uk u ra n n y a y a ng t e rd iri d a ri 2 5 b u t ir p e rt a n y a a n, d ip e ro le h m e a n s e b e s a r 9 3 , 9 2 y a n g t e rl e t a k p a d a int e rv a l 8 6 - 1 0 5 , m e n uru t p e rs e p s i g u ru a d a la h b a ik .
A n a l i s i s F a k t o r K o n f i r m a t o r i .
D a l a m p e n i la ia n m o d e l s t r u c t u r a l t e r fo k u s p a d a h u b u n g a n a n t a r a v a r i a b e l l a t e n e k s o g e n d a n e n d o g e n , r u m u s a n h i p o t e s i s y a n g d i t e t a p k a n d a l a m m o d e l s e m u a d a l a m b e n t u k p o s i t i f, s e h u b u n g a n i t u p e r h i t u n g a n d a r i L I S R E L m e n u n j u k k a n t i d a k a d a n y a h u b u n g a n n e g a t i f a n t a r a v a r i a b e l e k s o g e n d a n e n d o g e n . A n a l i s i s fa k t o r k on firm a t ori v a ria b e l e k s o g e n d a n e n d og e n d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g u j i k e s e s u a i a n m o d e l t e r h a d a p d a t a y a n g d ig u n a k a n .
V a r i a b e l K o m p e t e n s i K e p a l a S e k o l a h
P e n g u k u r a n k o n f i r m a t o r i v a r i a b e l k o m p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k ola h ( î
1
) , d iu k u r d e n g a n lim a ind ik a t or y a ng d in ot a s ik a n ( X
1 ,
X
2 ,
X
3 ,
X
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X
5 ,
) h a s il p e n g u j ia n d in y a t a k a n g oo d ne s s o f fit , d ib u k t ik a n d a ri n ila i k oe fis ie n c h i s q u a re y a n g k e c il ( 3 , 3 4 5 ) d a ri n ila i C h i- S q u a r e t a b e l s e b e s a r 1 1 , 0 7 5 . Nila i i t u b ila d ik on firm a s ik a n d e n g a n c u t of v a lu e ( le b ih k e c il d a ri t a b e l c h i s q ua re p a d a t ing k a t a = 0 , 0 5 ; D F = 5 ) . S i m p u l a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h m o d e l p e n g u j i a n k o n f i r m a t o r i k o m p e t e n s i k e p a l a s e k o l a h t e l a h s e s u a i d e n g a n d a t a e m p i r i s . B e s a r n y a k o e f i s i e n re g re s s io n a d a la h
V a r i a b e l I k l i m O r g a n i s a s i S e k o l a h
Pe n g u k u ra n k on firm a t ori v a ria b e l ik lim o rg a n is a s i s e k o l a h ( î
2
) s e b a g a i v a r i a b e l l a t e n t e k s o g e n k e d ua , m e m ilik i e m p a t in d ik a t or ( ( X
6 ,
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) a t a u v a r i a b e l p e n g a m a t a n . P e n g u j ia n t e r h a d a p
Ta b e l 1 . K oe fis ie n R e g re s i V a ria b e l K om p e t e n s i K e p a la S e k ola h
R eg res sion W eig ht s E stim ate S . E . C . R . P
X1 K om pete nsi K epala S e k ola h 0 . 7 5 1 - - 0 , 0 0 0
X2 K om pete nsi K epala S e k ola h 0 . 8 6 7 0 . 2 1 5 1 1 . 9 0 0 0 , 0 0 0
X3 K om pete nsi K epala S e k ola h 0 . 7 2 3 0 , 0 7 0 9 , 9 7 1 0 , 0 0 0
X4 K om pete nsi K epala S e k ola h 0 . 6 7 1 0 . 0 7 0 9 . 2 1 4 0 , 0 0 0
d e t e r m i n a n y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i n y a , y a i t u k o m p e t e n s i k e p a l a s e k o l a h , i k l i m o r g a n i s a s i s e k ola h d a n e t o s k e rj a . H ub u ng a n s t ru k t u ra l y a n g d i u j i m e n g a s u m s i k a n b a h w a k e p e m i m p i n a n t ra n s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h d ip e n g a ru hi ole h k e t ig a fa k t o r t e r s e b u t . D a ri g a m b a r 2 i t u , d a p a t d i k e m u k a k a n b a h w a m o d e l s t r u c t u r a l e q u a t i o n m o d e l ( S E M) d i n y a t a k a n fit s e c a r a b a ik , h a l in i d i b u k t i k a n d a r i k e l a y a k a n n i l a i - n i l a i u j i s e p e r t i d it u nj u k k a n d a la m Ta b e l 5 s e b a g a i b e rik ut .
j u g a d a p a t d i k e t a h u i b e r d a s a r k a n s i g n i f i k a s i t h it u ng d e n g a n n ila i p ro b a b ilit a s ( p ) = 0 , 0 5 . H a s il b o b o t r e g r e s i u j i k a u s a l i t a s s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : h ub u ng a n a nt a ra v a ria b e l la t e n t d e n g a n d im e n s i-d im e n s iny a i-d a p a t i-d ij e la s k a n p a i-d a Ta b e l 7 s e b a g a i b e r ik u t .
P e m b a h a s a n
H i p o t e s i s k e r j a d a p a t d i t e r i m a y a i t u u n t u k m e n g e t a h ui a p a k a h a d a k e s e s u a ia n a n t a ra m od e l Ta b e l 5 I nd e k s Pe n g uj ia n K e la y a k a n S t ru c t ura l E q ua t io n Mo d e lling
No G oodne s s of fit inde x C ut of v alue Ha sil a na lisis E v a lua si Model
1 χ
2
- C hi- S quare < 1 4 1 . 0 3 0 1 3 5 , 6 0 9 Ba ik
2 S ig nifica ncy Probability 0 , 0 5 0 , 1 0 3 Ba ik
C F I 0 , 9 0 0 , 9 8 9 Ba ik
3 G F I 0 , 9 0 0 , 9 2 3 Ba ik
4 AG F I 0 , 9 0 0 , 8 9 9 Ba ik
5 T L I 0 , 9 5 0 , 9 8 7 Ba ik
6 R MS E A < 0 , 0 8 0 , 0 2 9 Ba ik
Ta b e l 6 E v a lu a s i B ob o t R e g re s i Uj i K a us a lit a s
R eg res sion W eig ht s E stim ate S . E . C . R . P
K om pete nsi K epa la S e k olah
K epe m im pina n K e pala S ek ola h
0 . 2 4 5 0 . 0 7 4 2 . 8 6 9 0 , 0 0 0 I k lim Org a nisa si S e k ola h
K epe m im pina n K e pala S ek ola h
0 , 2 9 4 0 , 1 1 2 3 , 7 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 E tos K e rj a K epe m im pina n K epala
S e k ola h
0 . 2 8 1 0 . 0 5 3 3 . 5 2 9 0 , 0 0 0
Ta b e l 5 it u , m e n un j u k k a n b a h w a m od e l y a ng d ire n c a na k a n fit s e c a ra b a ik , k a re n a s e t e la h d iu j i k e c oc ok a nn y a n ila i C h i S q u a re , G F I , A G F I , T L I , d a n R MS E A d ib a n d in g k a n d e n g a n n il a i a c u a n ( c u t o f v a lue ) p e rs a m a a n m od e l s t ru c t ura l, h a s ilny a b a ik , n ila i p ro b a b ilit a s ( p v a lu e ) c hi s q u a re 0 , 1 0 3 > 0 , 0 5 . Uj i in i d a p a t m e n y im p u lk a n b a hw a m od e l s ud a h s e s u a i d e n g a n d a t a y a ng d ig un a k a n. B e rd a s a rk a n o u t p u t L I S R E L , t e r l i h a t b a h w a a r a h h u b u n g a n a n t a ra v a ria b e l e k s og e n d e n g a n v a ria b e l e n d og e n m e n un j u k k a n a ra h h ub u ng a n p os it if, d a n t id a k a d a s a t u p u n v a r i a b e l y a n g m e n u n j u k k a n h u b u n g a n n e g a t i f.
P e n g u j i a n K a u s a l i t a s M o d e l
Me la lu i p r o g r a m s t a t i s t ik A MO S d a p a t d ia n a li s is d a n d i h i t u n g h a s i l b o b o t r e g r e s i a n t a r v a r i a b e l la t e n y a n g s e rin g d is e b u t s e b a g a i e s t im a s i lo a d in g fa c t ors a t a u la m b d a v a lu e . S e la in it u d e ra j a t b e b a s a t a u d e g g re of fre e d om ( D F ) , n ila i C R a t a u t h it u ng
s e k o l a h b a h w a k o m p t e n a s i m a n a j e r i a l s e o r a n g k e p a l a s e k o l a h p e n t i n g u n t u k m e n g e l o l a s e k o la h n y a m a e n c a p a i m u t u p e nd i d ik a n .
K o m p e t e n s i k e p a l a s e k o l a h a k a n m e n e n t u -k a n -k i n e r j a n y a d a l a m h a l in i -k e p e m i m p i n a n n y a y a ng d a p a t m e n d a y a g un a k a n s um b e rd a y a s e c a ra o p t i m a l u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n s e k o la h . K o n d i s i i n i m e n g g a m b a r k a n b a h w a k e p a l a s e k o l a h y a n g m e m p u n y a i k o m p e t e n s i t i n g g i m a k a k e p e m i m -p i n a n n y a s e m a k i n b a i k d a l a m m e n c a -p a i t u j u a n s e k o la h s e s u a i d e ng a n p e r e n c a n a a n s e k o l a h ( 2 ) T e r d a p a t p e n g a r u h s e c a r a s i g n i f i k a n i k l i m o r g a n i s a s i s e k o l a h t e r h a d a p k e p e m i m p i n a n t ra n s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h s e b e s a r 2 9 , 4 , % . H a s i l a n a l i s i s j u g a m e m b u k t i k a n p e m b e n t u k k o n s t r u k t e r b e s a r d a la m i k lim o r g a n is a s i a d a la h d i m e n s i b ir o k r a t i k y a i t u s e b e s a r 8 6 , 2 % , h a l i n i m e n g g a m b a rk a n b a hw a ik lim o rg a nis a s i y a ng a d a d i s e k o la h a k a n b a n y a k d it e n t u k a n ole h b iro k ra s i y a n g a d a d i s e k o la h t e s e b ut . Te m u a n in i j u g a d id u k un g ol e h S t e v e K e l n e e r y a n g d ik u t ip o le h S p e n c e r ( 1 9 9 3 ) d i s e b u t k a n b a h w a f l e x i b i l i t y c on form it y . F le k s ib ilit a s d a n c om fom it y m e ru p a k a n k o n d i s i o r g a n i s a s i y a n g u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n k e le lu a s a n b e rt in d a k b a g i w a rg a b e la j a r b a ik g uru , t e n a g a k e p e n d i d i k a n d a n p e s e r t a d i d i k s e r t a m e l a k u k a n p e n y e s u a i a n d i r i t e r h a d a p t u g a s -t u g a s y a n g d i b e r ik a n . H a l in i b e r k a i -t a n d e n g a n a t u ra n y a n g d it e t a p k a n org a n is a s i, k e b ij a k a n d a n p r o s e d u r y a n g a d a .
P e n e r i m a a n t e r h a d a p i d e - i d e y a n g b a r u m e r u p a k a n n i l a i p e n d u k u n g d i d a la m m e n g e m -b a n g k a n i k l i m o r g a n i s a s i y a n g k o n d u s i f d e m i t e r c a p a in y a t u j u a n o r g a n is a s i , d a la m m e n c a p a i t u j ua n d ip e rl uk a n ik lim org a n is a s i s e k o la h y a ng k o n d u s i f y a n g d i c i p t a k a n o l e h k e p a l a s e k o l a h s e l a k u h e a d m a s t e r . T e m u a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i p e m b e n t u k d im e n s i ik lim org a nis a s i s e k ola h y a n g t e r b e s a r, h a l i n i b e r a r t i b a h w a k e p e m i m p i n a n k e p a la s e k ola h a d a la h fa k t or k un c i u nt u k m e n g e -l o -l a m e n c a p a i v i s i d a n m i s i s e k o -l a h m e -l a -l u i p e n c i p t a a n i k l i m y a n g b a i k . K o n d i s i i n i m e n g -g a m b a rk a n b a h w a ik lim or -g a n is a s i s e k ol a h y a n -g b a ik d a p a t m e m p e n g a ru h i k e p e m im p in a n k e p a la s e k ola h d a la m m e la k s a na k a n t u g a s ny a m e n g e lo la s e k o l a h . S e m a k i n b a i k i k l i m o r g a n i s a s i s e k o la h m a k a k e p e m i m p i n a n k e p a l a s e k o l a h s e m a k i n e fe k t if. ( 3 ) Te rd a p a t p e n g a ru h s e c a ra s ig n ifik a n ik lim o rg a n is a s i s e k ola h t e rh a d a p k e p e m im p in a n
t ra n s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h s e b e s a r 2 8 , 1 , % . H a s il a n a l is is j u g a m e m b u k t i k a n s i g n ifik a n , n il a i p rob a b ilit y ( P) le b ih k e c il d a ri 0 , 0 5 , d a ri nila i C R s a m a d e n g a n 3 , 5 2 9 , t e rb u k t i le b ih b e s a r d a ri n ila i t a b e l Z ± 1 , 9 6 .
k e p a la s e k o la h s e b e s a r 8 5 , 6 % . H a s il a na lis is j u g a m e m b u k t i k a n b a h w a d a r i k e t i g a v a r i a b e l l a t e n y a n g d i t e l i t i s e c a r a b e r t u r u t - t u r u t m e m p u n y a i p e n g a ru h t e rh a d a p k e p e m im p in a n k e p a la s e k ola h h a m p i r s a m a b e s a r n y a y a it u k o m p e t e n s i k e p a la s e k ola h s e b e s a r 2 4 , 5 % , ik lim org a n is a s a i s e k o la h s e b e s a r 2 9 , 4 % , d a n e t o s k e r j a s e b e s a r 2 8 , 1 % . W a la u p u n p e n g a r u h n y a h a m p i r s a m a b e s a r n y a , n a m u n d e m i k i a n p e n g a r u h y a n g p a l i n g b e s a r a d a l a h i k l i m o r g a n i s a s i s e k o l a h y a i t u s e b e s a r 2 9 , 4 % . S e d a ng k a n p e n g a ru h s e c a ra k e s e lu ru ha n s e b e s a r 8 5 , 6 % d a n t e r b u k t i s i g n i f i k a n d e n g a n p rob a b ilit y ( P) 0 , 0 0 0 . K on d is i in i m e n g g a m b a rk a n b a h w a k e p e m i m p i n a n k e p a l a s e k o l a h s e b a g a i p e m im p in s a n g a t la h c oc ok d e n g a n m is i d a ri p a d a s e k ola h s e b a g a i org a n is a s i t e rb u k a d a n a g e n t of c h a n g e , s e k o l a h d i t u n t u t i n o v a t i f, a s p i r a t i f d a n t a n g g a p t e r h a d a p p e r k e m b a n g a n z a m a n . K e s e m p a t a n i n i l e b i h d i d u k u n g d e n g a n a d a n y a ot on om i p e n d id ik a n d e n g a n p ro g ra m Ma na j e m e n B e rb a s is S e k ola h ( S c ho ol B a s e d Ma na g e m e n t ) .
D e n g a n d e m ik ia n k e p a la s e k ola h m e m p u ny a i k e w e n a n g a n y a n g l e b i h l u a s d a l a m r a n g k a m e n g e lo la s e k ola h, s e h in g g a d it u n t ut m e m a h a m i s e c a r a k o m p r e h e n s i f m a n a j e m e n s e k o l a h . K e m a m p u a n m a n a j e r ia l y a n g t i n g g i m e n j a d ik a n s e k ola h e fe s ie n , t e t a p i t id a k d ik e n d a lik a n d e n g a n k e m a m p u a n k e p e m im p in a n ny a y a ng e fe k t if, m a k a k e p a l a s e k o l a h a k a n m e n j a d i m a n a j e r y a n g t a n g g u h y a n g m e n g g u n a k a n k e k u a s a a n n y a d e n g a n s e m e n a m e n a , d e n g a n k u r a n g m e m -p e r h a t i k a n a s -p e k - a s -p e k m o ra l , e t ik a d a n s os ia l. K e p a l a s e k o l a h s e b a g a i p e m i m p i n h a r u s m e m e g a n g p a d a p r in s ip ut a m a s a a t m e la k s a n a -k a n t u g a s n y a y a it u b a h w a o ra n g le b ih p e n t in g k e t i m b a n g b e n d a l a i n n y a . K a t a k u n c i n y a , a g a r k e p a la s e k ola h b e rh a s il m e n g g e ra k k a n p a ra g u ru , s t a f d a n p a r a s i s w a d a l a m m e n c a p a i t u j u a n s e k ol a h , s e h i n g g a k e p a la s e k o l a h h a r u s m a m p u m e n y a k ink a n ( p e rs u a d e ) d a n m e m b uj u k ( in d u c e ) a g a r p a r a g u r u , s t a f d a n p a r a s i s w a p e r c a y a b a h w a a p a y a n g d i l a k u k a n n y a a d a l a h b e n a r. Pe rb u a t a n m e m a k s a a t a u b e rt in d a k k e ra s k e p a d a m e re k a p e rlu d ih in d a ri , n a m un s e b a lik n y a h a r u s m e l a h i r k a n k e m a u a n s e r t a s e m a n g a t b e k e r j a d e n g a n p e n u h p e rc a y a d iri d a n p e n u h s e m a n g a t .
S i m p u l a n
H a s il a n a lis is d e s k rip s i d a p a t d is im p ulk a n s e b a g a i
b e rik u t : Pe m od e la n k e p e m im p in a n k e p a la s e k o la h p a d a k o n d is i s e s u a i ( g oo d fit ) d e n g a n d a t a e m p iris . P e m o d e l a n m a m p u m e n j e l a s k a n h u b u n g a n s t r u k t u r a l y a n g d ib a n g u n p a d a m o d e l t e r s e b u t : ( 1 ) F a k t o r d i m e n s i k o m p e t e n s i k e p a l a s e k o l a h t e rh a d a p k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s form a s ion a l k e p a la s e k o l a h b e r k o n t r i b u s i 2 4 , 5 % , d a n p e n g a r u h n y a s i g n i f i k a n . P e m b e n t u k k o n s t r u k p a l i n g b e s a r a d a l a h k o m p e t e n s i m a n a j e r i a l d e n g a n n i l a i e s t im a s i s e b e s a r 8 6 , 5 % d a n k o n s t ru k y a ng p a lin g k e c i l a d a l a h k o m p e t e n s i k e p r i b a d i a n s e b e s a r 6 7 , 0 %. p e m o d e l a n u n t u k p e n g e m b a n g a n k e m a m p u a n k e p e m im p in a n k e p a la s e k o la h le b ih d i p r io r it a s k a n p a d a p e n i n g k a t a n j iw a k e p e m i m -p i n a n y a n g h a r u s d i m i l i k i s e o r a n g k e p a l a s e k o la h . ( 2 ) Fa k t or v a ria b e l ik lim org a nis a s i s e k o la h t e rh a d a p k e p e m im p in a n t ra n s fo rm a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ola h. b e rk on t rib u s i 2 9 , 4 % , d a n p e n g a ru hn y a s i g n i f i k a n . M o d e l t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p e m o d e la n u n t u k p e n g e m b a n g a n i k l i m o r g a n is a s i s e k o la h y a n g k o n d u s i f a k a n m e m p e -n g a r u h i k e p e m i m p i -n a -n t r a -n s fo r m a s i o -n a l k e p a l a s e k ola h le b ih d ip riorit a s k a n p a d a s ud u t b iro k ra t ik d im a n a s e o ra n g k e p a la s e k ola h h a ru s m e m a ha m i j ob d is k rip s i. ( 3 ) Fa k t or v a ria b e l e t os k e rj a t e r-h a d a p k e p e m i m p i n a n t r a n s f o r m a s i o n a l k e p a l a s e k ola h b e rk on t rib u s i s e b e s a r 2 8 , 1 % . Pe m b e n t uk k o n s t r u k p a l i n g b e s a r a d a l a h v a r i a b e l d i m e n s i k o m it m e n t e r h a d a p v is i o r g a n is a s i d e n g a n n il a i e s t im a s i s e b e s a r 9 1 , 2 % , d a n k on s t ru k y a n g p a lin g k e c il a d a la h d im e n s i a b s e n s it e i s m e y a n g r e n d a h y a i t u s e b e s a r 7 4 , 7 % . M o d e l t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p e m o d e l a n u n t u k p e n g e m -b a n g a n e t os k e r j a k e p a la s e k ola h y a n g t in g g i. ( 4 ) F a k t o r v a r ia b e l k e p e m im p i n a n t ra n s fo r m a s ion a l k e p a la s e k ol a h b e r k o n t rib u s i 2 4 , 5 % . Pe m b e n t u k k on s t ru k p a lin g b e s a r a d a la h v a ria b e l p e n g uk u ra n p a d a d i m e n s i k h a r i s m a d e n g a n n i l a i e s t i m a s i s e b e s a r 8 9 , 4 % , d a n k o n s t r u k y a n g p a li n g k e c il a d a l a h d i m e n s i s t i m u l a s i i n t e l e k t u a l s e b e s a r 6 3 , 1 % . Mo d e l y a n g d i b a n g u n d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p e m o d e la n g a y a k e p e m i m p i n a n k e p a l a s e k ola h y a ng m a m p u m e m b e rik a n s t im u lu s a n a k b u a h s e c a r a i n t e le k t ua l.
