GRAMMATICAL INTRICACY AND LEXICAL DENSITY OF THE
INDONESIAN HISTORY TEXTBOOK
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
RUDI PURWANA
Registration Number: 8126112030
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
ABSTRAK
Rudi Purwana. NIM: 8126112030. Grammatical Intricacy and Lexical Density of the Indonesian History Textbook. Thesis. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Medan 2016
ABSTRACT
Rudi Purwana Registration Number: 8126112030. Grammatical Intricacy and Lexical Density of the Indonesian History Textbook. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, State University of Medan 2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A very deepest gratitude is primarily expressed to Allah SWT for all blessings and mercy that have enabled the writer to finish writing this thesis. It is also impossible to be finished without guidance and the help of many people. Sholawat and salam to our prophet Muhammad SAW, hopefully we can get his syafa’at at the
end of the world. Foremost, the writer would like to express his sincere gratitude to his advisers Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph. D and Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd, for the continuous support, patience, motivations and suggestions so that the writer could finish this thesis.
Then, the writer would like to thank to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M. Ed as the Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and his secretary, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S, and all the lecturers that have given me encouragement, a lot of experience and knowledge.
Also, the writer would like to thank to Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A, Ph. D, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda, M.S, and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M. Pd as the examiners for the valuable suggestions that have shaped up this thesis.
And for all my classmates who always support me to finish this thesis. Thanks a lot for all favor that you gave to the writer. The writer wishes that our friendship will be everlasting. Best friend forever for class B2 LTBI 2012.
lovely little brother Serda Sasmita, and my lovely little sister Windi Khairani and Wilda Khairuna who have given spirits, pray, help, suggestions and color in my sweet life.
And the writer would like to thank to Trio Kilometer 19 Tina and Hesti,. Konco-konco such as Asrul, Nisa, Maya, Lia, Latifah, Santi, Finta and Hendri. Pelita Bangsa lecturers and staffs such as Novita, Novika, Kak Eka and Kak Sondang. The teachers and staffs of SMK Kesehatan Napsi’ah Stabat. The lecturers and staffs of
STIKES PAL Stabat. My lovely cousins Rendi Miola, Rani Septia, Raditia Juliandri and their parents. Bronze Steak owner Vita Kacang and Reza Gembung. Geng Selebritis such as Kak Aya’, Bang Tommy, Kak Nisa, Kak Eka, Kak Nining, Kak Neri, Kak Eli and Tina. And to all of my friends that can’t describe one by one in
here. I love you very much. May Allah SWT always protect and save you. Aamiin ya rabbal ‘alamin.
Medan, Februari 2016 The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
TABLE OF CONTENTS i
ABSTRAK iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF APPENDICES viii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Background of the Study 1
1.2. The Problem of the Study 7
1.3. The Objectives of the Study 7
1.4. The Scope of the Study 7
1.5. The Significance of the Study 8
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9
2.1. Theoretical Concept 9
2.1.1. Grammar in SFL 9
2.1.2. Grammatical Intricacy 13
2.1.3. Lexical Density 17
2.1.4. Clause 21
2.1.5. Clause Complexes 23
2.1.6. Embedded Vs. Non-Embedded Clauses 25
2.2.1. Text 26
2.2.2. Genre 30
2.3. Indonesian History Textbook 31
2.4. Relevant Studies 35
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD 38
3.1. Research Design 38
3.2. Data and Source of the Data 38
3.3. The Technique for Collecting the Data 39 3.4. The Technique for Analyzing the Data 39
3.5. Trustworthiness 40
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 43
4.1. The Data 43
4.2. The Data Analysis 43
4.3. Findings 63
4.4. Discussions 64
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 67
5.1. Conclusions 67
5.2. Suggestions 67
REFERENCES 69
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1. 45
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX I 71
APPENDIX II 74
APPENDIX III 77
APPENDIX IV 82
APPENDIX V 85
APPENDIX VI 87
APPENDIX VII 90
APPENDIX VIII 92
APPENDIX IX 94
APPENDIX X 96
APPENDIX XI 98
APPENDIX XII 101
APPENDIX XIII 105
APPENDIX XIV 106
APPENDIX XV 109
APPENDIX XVI 112
APPENDIX XVII 114
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1. Conclusions
After analyzing the data and elaborates the findings, conclusions are drawn
as the following.
(1) The Grammatical Intricacy Level of the Indonesian History textbook is low
and Lexical Density Level of Indonesian History textbook is high. It means that
the textbook in this research is the written text.
(2) The highest Grammatical Intricacy is module I and II within title “Interaksi
Sosial Sebagai Proses Sosial” and “Sosialisasi Sebagai Proses Pembentukan
Kepribadian”. The highest lexical density level is module V within title “Proses
Terbentuknya Kesadaran Nasional, Identitas Indonesia dan Perkembangan
Pergerakan Kebangsaan Indonesia”.
(3) While written and spoken texts have their own complexity namely lexical
density (LD) and grammatical intricacy (GI), metaphor comes to be an influential
factor to trigger the LD and GI of a text.
5.2. Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are staged as the following.
(1) It is suggested to the next researchers who are interested in textbooks research
that furthers research should be conducted to find out whether there are other
significant grammatical intricacy and lexical density according to specific field
because GI and LD are interesting aspect that can be the reading comprehension
(2) Anyone interested in understanding of reading text should be familiar with
grammatical intricacy and lexical density. It is very clear who is difficult in
processing the text must be caused of GI and LD in the text which is reading.
(3) The teachers should be chose the text book based on level of the ability of the
students because the more complex the text the more difficult to understand the
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