A THESIS
DEVELOPING SPEAKING MATERIALS BASED ON PROBLEM-
BASED LEARNING FOR ACCOUNTING
STUDENTS OF POLMED
By:
SYAHRUDIN M
Registration Number: 809125019
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
A THESIS
DEVELOPING SPEAKING MATERIALS BASED ON PROBLEM-
BASED LEARNING FOR ACCOUNTING
STUDENTS OF POLMED
By:
SYAHRUDIN M
Registration Number: 809125019
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
i
ABSTRACT
Syahrudin M. Registration Number 809125019. Developing Speaking Materials Based on Problem-based Learning for Accounting Students of Polmed. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of Medan. 2015.
ESP is a proper and necessary course taught for university students. ESP is supposedly designed to meet students’ needs properly. The materials given should be relevant enough to meets the learners’ needs. This research is aimed at finding out the objective condition of the English learning materials for the fifth semester of accounting students of the State Polytechnic of Medan/POLMED. The method used is Research and Development methodology which is pioneered by Borg and Gall. A general questionnaire consists of 22 questions; a learning-teaching prosess evaluation consists of 35 questions; the feasibility of developing learning materials consistss of 26 questions; and a guide for interview answer sheets are various. All these questionnaires are then given to some parties, such as active students, the alumni, the company, and the lecturers in order to find the real students’ needs. After knowing the real needs of the students, ESP I book is designed based on the needs analysis. The new learning materials is reviewed and evaluated by some three experts in ESP and then the result of the review is reviewed again. The newly-developed learning materials are tried out in class in order to find out some weaknesses. Then it is revised again based on the input gained through the tryout of the new learning materials.
ii
ABSTRAK
Syahrudin M. Nomor Induk Mahasiswa 809125019. Developing Speaking Materials Based on Problem-based Learning for Accounting Students of Polmed. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of Medan. 2015.
ESP merupakan suatu matakuliah yang diajarkan di tingkat universitas. ESP dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ril mahasiswa. Matakuliah yang diajarkan seharusnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keadaan sebenarnya matakuliah bahasa Inggris untuk semester kelima mahasiswa Program Studi Akuntansi yang diajarkan di Politeknik Negeri Medan. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah metode Riset dan Pengembangan yang dikembangkan oleh Borg dan Gall. Angket umum terdiri dari 22 pertanyaan; angket proses evaluasi belajar mengajar terdiri dari 35 pertanyaan; angket kelayakan pengembangan materi pengajaran terdiri dari 26 pertanyaan serta pedoman lembar jawaban wawancara. Semua angket diberikan kepada beberapa pihak, yaitu mahasiswa aktif, alumni, perusahaan dan dosen untuk mengetahui apa yang sebenarnya dibutuhkan siswa. Setelah mengetahui kebutuhan mahasiswa, buku ESPpun dirancang berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan. Materi pengajaran yang baru dievaluasi dan direview oleh para pakar ESP dan kemudian hasilnya direview kembali. Bahan ajar yang baru dikembangkan dicoba di kelas untuk mencari tahu kelemahannya. Baru kemudian buku tersebut direview kembali berdasarkan perolehan yang didapat melalui tahap uji coba bahan ajar yang baru dikembangkan.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Compassionate. We praise Him
and invoke His Choicest Blessings upon His Noblest Prophet, Muhammad Mustafa SAW peace and blessing of Allah be on Him.
This thesis is mainly written as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Post
Graduate degree of Magister Humaniora from the State University of Medan.
The author wishes to express his gratitude and appreciation to his two advisors, Prof. Dr.
Lince Sihombing, M.Pd. and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. who have guided and supported him in completing his study at English Applied Linguistics Study Program (LTBI). Without their
well-designed plan and meticulous review of the draft, this research would have been impossible.
The author is also grateful to Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., as the Head of English
Applied Linguistics Study Program as well as his examiner, and both Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A. Ph.D., and Dr. I Wy. Dirgeyasa, M.Hum. as the examiners. And he is also indebted to Dr. T.
Thyrhaya Zein, M.A. as the author’s mentor and friend, to all his colleagues and students for
their assistance and cooperation in performing this work.
The author’s deepest appreciation and love also go to his beloved wife, Siti Aisyah
Jambak, whose prayers are always accompanying him during the long traveling hours to the
university. He is also appreciative to his only daughter (Nisa Hamidah Kausar M), and his three
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support. Of course, nothing would have been possible if it had not been for the love and support
from them all. Their patience and support have kept the author going this far and their love will
keep him going further. Insha Allah.
Medan, February 12th, 2015 The Writer,
Syahrudin M
v
2.4 The Principle of Learning Materials Development ... 14
2.5 Factors Influencing ESP Teaching and Learning ... 19
2.6 Speaking Skills ... 21
2.7 Problem-Based Learning ... 25
2.8 Developing Speaking Materials Through Problem-Based Learning 26 2.9 Accounting English ... 27
2.10 Needs Analysis ... 32
2.11 Relevant Previous Studies ... 34
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CHAPTER 3 : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 38
3.1 The Research Design ... 38
3.2 The Research Setting ... 40
3.3 The Data Sources ... 40
3.4 The Instruments of Data Collection ... 41
3.5 The Techniques of Data Analysis ... 43
3.6 The Steps of Research & Development... 43
CHAPTER 4 : MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT ... 45
4.1. Analysis ... 45
4.2. Needs Analysis ... 46
4.3. The Indentification of ESP Needs Analysis... 46
4.4. The Existing Material of ESP I... 52
4.5. The Syllabus and Material Development ... 55
4.6. Discussion... 56
4.7. Materials Development... 68
CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 80
5.1. Conclusion ... 80
5.2. Suggestion... 81
References ...
80
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
The following are some conclusions of the research entitled: “Developing Speaking
Materials Based on Problem-Based Learning for Accounting Students of POLMED”.
1. ESP is one of English courses taught at the State Polytechnic of Medan (Polmed) at Accounting Study Program for semester five and six. The existing learning materials (ESP I) are mostly of General English (GE) because there are no specific terms relating to accounting study program found. The topics covered are Writing Paragraphs, Writing CV/Resume, Writing Letter of Reference, Letters of Application, Responding to Feedback,
Contracts (mostly deal with writing) and Understanding Instructions, Job Opening (Job
Advertisements), Working Rules, Meetings and Interviews (deal with writing and speaking).
2. Most students who study ESP are aged between 19 up to 22 years. The education system applied at Polmed is a package system, not credit system. Since the learning materials are not pure ESP, the learning materials need to be developed. In order to develop the learning materials, needs analysis is done. The information is gained from some questionnaires given to some parties, such as active students, the alumni, lecturers, and the company (the stakeholders as the users of Polmed graduates).
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5.2. Suggestion
In relation with the conclusion mentioned above, it is suggested that:
1. the existing materials be related to what the students needs, namely specific English (ESP) for accounting students, not General English as it is now
2. the existing materials be developed based on the needs analysis found especially those which are related to speaking materials
3. the speaking materials developed should be based on the problem-based learning in
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