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f erside”. Yogyakatra :
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A Permasalahan
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R E T P A H
C I
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundo ftheStudy
y n a m s r e d a e r e h t e v i g n a c k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t g n i d a e
R beneifcia lvalues .
o s l a d n a g n i e b n a m u h a s a s u s e t a c u d e e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w a g n i d a e
R entetrains
s
u .Wecanenjoyt he storyandalso en irch ou rknowledgeand expe irencei n
y ti l a e r e h T . e fi l f o y ti l a e r e h t d n a t s r e d n u y a m e w e r u t a r e ti l h g u o r h T . e fi l r u o
n i d e n e p p a
h thepas to rwhen t heautho rwro tethestory .WellekandWarren
n
i TheTheoryo fLtierature(1956 :102 )statethatl tierarywork scanplayt he
a e l o
r s a histo irca l documen t tha t records socia l reailites , which are
e m o c t a h T . r o h t u a e h t y b d e y a rt r o p y ll a c it s it r
a s to the wrtie rmind to think
e l p o e p k c a l b t u o b
a ’ s reacitons in Ameircan society in the 1930s to face
n
i equaltiytowardst hem .
e l p o e p k c a l
B mc e a fromAfirca,t heycamet o Ameircabecauset hey w ee r
e v a l s r i e h t s a e l p o e p e ti h w y b t h g u o r
b s .Thi sstiuaitonmad eblackpeople ilve
e h t n
i lower status than wh tie people in every stiuaiton .Wh tie people w ere
e l p o e p k c a l b d n a r o ir e p u
s w ere infeiror .A sstated in Ameirca’ sHistory by
,. l a t e a tt e r n e H s e m a J
n a c ir f A f o s e p o h e h t d i d o s , 7 7 8 1 n i d n e n a o t e m a c n o it c u rt s n o c e R n e h
W
-d e s i m o r p p i h s n e z it i c f o s t h g ir l a u q e e h t y o j n e d l u o w y e h t t a h t s n a c ir e m A
o it a c u d e n I .s t n e m d n e m a h t n e e tf i F d n a h t n e e tr u o F e h t y b m e h
t n t herewa s
s a w , e r a fl e w l a i c o s o t d n a , e c it s u j o t , s b o j o t s s e c c A . n o it a g e r g e s t c ir t s
.) 7 9 5 : 3 9 9 1 ( l a u q e n u d n a d e n i m r e t e d y ll a i c a r
e l p o e p k c a l
B w ee r rteate dunequallyand i nhumanly ,manyoft hem even d d ie
e
y t e i c o
s forgive and forge ti teasliy .On the othe rhand ,when black people
a
m ed a ltilte mistake ,society judged them and punishe d them fo ra big
t s i
m ake .Thiss tiuaitonmad eblackpeople ilveunde rwhtie’ soppression .They
n o it c a l u f m r a h o d o t e c i o h c o n e v a
h s to protectthemselves .They tend t o ilve
r o d e ll i k n a g o l s e h t h ti w e l g n u j e h t n i e k
il to bekilled .Thus ,many case so f
s k l o f e ti h
w weremurdered by black people becauset he black people had no
t c e t o r p o t n o it c a s i h t o d o t e c i o h
c himseflo rhisf amliy.
e h
T 1930s sw a theeraatfer et h Civi lwa rwhentherew asnomores lavery ,
y ti l a e r e h t t u
b wa stha tblackpeopleneve r ilved ni na equa lposiitona swh tie
e l p o e
p ddi .They even stli lh d a to ilvei n sufferi s ng and i n lowe rstatus than
s e ti h
w .Slavery in Un tied State sbecame lega lconsttiuiton atfe rAbraham
. s e v a l s k c a l b r o f y tr e b il d e r a l c e d n l o c n i
L Ame irca a Narraitve History by
l l a d n i
T stated tha t
e h
T newly freed slave ssuffered mos to fall .According to Fredeirck e h t m o r f e e r f s a w “ n a m s d n o b r e m r o f e h t ,t s i n o it il o b a k c a l b e h t ,s s a l g u o D
, y tr e p o r p , y e n o m r e h ti e n d a h e H . y t e i c o s f o e v a l s a t u b r e t s a m l u d i v i d n i
t a t n a l p d l o e h t m o r f e e r f s a w e H . s d n e ir f r o
n ion ,bu thehadnothingbutt he
e v a g e c n o t a h t r e tr a u q d l o e h t m o r f e e r f s a w e H . t e e f s i h r e d n u d a o r y t s u d
e H . r e t n i w f o s t s o r f e h t d n a r e m m u s f o s n i a r e h t o t e v a l s a t u b , r e tl e h s m i h
: 4 8 9 1 ( ” . y k s n e p o e h t o t e t u ti t s e d d n a , y r g n u h , d e k a n , e s o o l d e n r u t s a w
) 1 7
6 .
a m s i h
T d e the work o f Richard W irght , “Down b y the Riverside.”
e t a ir p o r p p
a fo rlearning abou treaciton toward sracia ldiscirminaiton seen
from t h ce onfilcts .Richard Wirgh tw as a Black m an who wa sborn in
i p p i s s i s s i
M no 4 Septembe r1908 .Hew aasg dr n sono fas lave .Hisf athe rwa s
e h
t Ameircan South and expeirenced bad rteatments from wh tie folks .He
a
w sone o fthe famou sblack authors w ho alway sciritcizes discirminaiton
w o
t a rds the blacks .In March o f1938, he pubilshed his colleciton o ffou r
s e ir o t
s a ndoneoft hem si ne itlted“Downb y theRiverside”(2008 :2-1 6 .)
Thi sshor tstory i s abou t lfood tha thappened i n t heAme ircan South .The
e l p o e p k c a l b t a h t n o it a n i m ir c s i
d expe irenced in thi s story can be seen
. y l s u o u c i p s n o
c A t tha t itme, black people did not ge thelp ,even a black
m o
w an died because she go tno help fo rdeilveirng he rbaby. The wh tie
o
s ldier salso stli l rteate d the black man ilke a slave. They were forced to
p e
r arit hel eveeand fit hey r efused,t hewhtie swouldshoott hem.Thi sma de
e v il e l p o e p k c a l
b d ni a dfi ifcul tposiiton .L dive unde rwhtie’ soppression fo r
a m e m it g n o
l d e them l earn t o survive and ifnally they w ere brave t o speak
r p p o e ti h w t s e t o r p o t t c a d n
a ession . tI could be seen tha tthi sw as thei r
s u j n i s d r a w o t n o it c a e
r itce tha thappene d to them .Thi sw as one o fthei r
n o it c
a s to reach thei r‘real ’freedom. By discussing the topic abou tblack
b ir t n o c l li w s i s e h t e h t t a h t s e p o h r e ti r w e h t , n o it c a e r s ’ e l p o e
p ute some
e h t t u o b a e g d e l w o n
k understanding fo achieving fo rthe j usitce and human
s t h g
ir .
.
B ProblemFormula iton
g k c a b f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t m o r
F roundoft hestudy,t hewrtie rm ead problem
n o it a l u m r o
f s to know abou tthe aspec ttha tw as analyzed .Then ,to suppo tr
u m r o f m e l b o r p e h
t laitons, t hewrtie rneedst o f ormulatesomequesitons ,and
.
2 Howdot heconfilctsr elfectr acia ldisc irminaiton?
.
3 Howdot hecharacter sreactt owardracia ldisc irminaiton?
.
C Objec itves fo theStudy
n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n o d e s a
B s ,thi spar tha sa funciton to state the
e h t g n ir e w s n A . s e v it c e j b o e e r h t s a h s i s y l a n a s i h T . h c r a e s e r e h t f o s e v it c e j b o
r e d i s n o c r e ti r w e h t , e n o r e b m u n n o it s e u
q e d identfiyingt heconfilctsthatl ate r
e h t t n e s e r p e
r interna lconfilct sand externa lcon lfilct sbetween Mann wtih
t n e m n o ri v n e s i h h ti w n n a M d n a f l e s m i
h a s revealed in Richard Wirgh t
. ” e d i s r e v i R e h t y b n w o D “
s n o it p ir c s e d e s o h
T late rconitnued ot thequesiton numbert wo .Thewrtie r
a
w ntst o r evealr acia ldiscirminaitonexpeirencedbyblack peoplei n Ameirca
n i n e e s s a s r e t c a r a h c f o e c n e ir e p x e e h t h g u o r h t s 0 3 9 1 n i y t e i c o
s thestorytha t
s a
w re lfecte dfromt heconfilct.
e l p o e p k c a l b f o n o it c a e r e h t t u o d n if o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , d ri h t e h
T toward s
n o it a n i m ir c s i d l a i c a
r .The confilct shappene d because o fwhtie oppression
e s u a
c d o fsrtuggleand black people’ sstirked againstt hewh tiepeople.I nt hi s
s d r a w o t n o it c a e r s ’ e l p o e p k c a l b e h t t u o b a d n a t s r e d n u o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , e s a c
. m s i c a r e h t
.
D Deifni itono fTerms
n i a l p x e o t s d e e n r e ti r w e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m e h t d i o v a o t , y d u t s s i h t n I
r a h c i R n o d e s u t a h t m r e t e h t t u o b
t c il f n o
C a sstated in A Handbook to Ltierature by Wliilam Harmon and
“ t a h t d i a s n a m l o H h g u
H Thestruggle t ha tgrow sou toft he i nterplay oft wo
.s e c r o f g n i s o p p
o ”( 2009 :123). I n t hi sdiscussion whati smean tbyconfilcti s
k c a l b e h t o s l a d n a e ti h w e h t d n a k c a l b e h t n e e w t e b r u c c o s i h c i h w m e l b o r p
h ti
w himselfi nordert or eac tagains twhtie’ soppresion.
l a i c a
R Disc irminaitona sstated i nTheNewEncyclopediaBrtiannica si al l
s i e c a r y b n o it a g e r g e s l a c i s y h P . e c a r n o d e s a b r u o i v a h e b l a it n e r e f fi d f o s m r o f
h c u s s r e h t o y n a m e r a e r e h t t u b , n o it a n i m ir c s i d l a i c a r f o m r o f e l b a t o n t s o m e h t
b e tt e u q it e f o s e l u r s
6 R E T P A H
C II W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T .
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies
k c a l b s u o m a f e h t f o e n o s i t h g ir W d r a h c i
R authors who i s brave to speak
y ti l a e r e h t t u o b
a tha thappene d toward black people.He i sone o fblack authors
n o it u b ir t n o c s a h o h
w s toAf ircan-Ame ircanl tierature.
f o s t n e r r u c e h t o t d n o p s e r o t y ti li b a n a y b d e k r a m s a w t n e m p o l e v e d s ’t h g ir W
t n a c if i n g i s t s o m s i H . e m it s i h f o y r o t s i h l a u t c e ll e t n i d n a l a i c o s e h t
e ti h w o t s k c a l b y a rt r o p y l e t a r u c c a o t e ri s e d s i h s a w , r e v e w o h , n o it u b ir t n o c
readers , thereby desrtoying the whtie myth o f the paitent , humorou ,s t
n e i v r e s b u
s blackm an.
(http://www.olemis .sedu/mwp/di /rw irght_ irchard/)
s i ” e d i s r e v i R e h t y b n w o D
“ a shor ts y tor tha tha sbeen collected wtih othe r
t r o h
s sto ires andpubilshedin t hebookenitltedUncleTom’ sChlidrenin 1938by
e c n e u lf n i e v it i s o p s e v i g y r o t s t r o h s s i h T . s n il l o C r e p r a
H s into hi scareer .A si t
e t a t
s d int hebiography.comtha t“thebookprovedt obeasigni ifcantt urningpoin t
.r e e r a c s i h n
i Thesto ire searnedhima$500p irzef romStorymagazineandl edto
p i h s w o ll e F m i e h n e g g u G 9 3 9 1
a ” (http://www.biography.com/people/ irchard
-t h g ir
w -9537751).
y r o t s t r o h s s i h
T wa sw irtten i n t he era when et h civi lwa rendedi nAme irca ,
e a r e t a h t n i d e d n e t o n s a h n o it a n i m ir c s i d e h t t u
b speciallyi nt heAme ircanSouth .
s y r o t s s i h t n i s t c il f n o c f o l l a t s o m l
A how tha t black people expe irenced
i m ir c s i
o r
w tealmos tal lo fhi sexpe irence i nhis l tierarywork .s Theundergraduate t hesi s
h c i h
w i sdone byDeasySeitaMayasa ir enitltedTheI nlfuenceo fRichard Wrigh t
e fi
L u np to he Main Character i n Naitve Son states tha t“almost al lo fW irgh’t s
s e ti h W e h t n e e w t e b p a g e h t t u o b a y ti l a e r e h t s ll e t e H . n a m o r g e N t u o b a e r a s k r o w
l e v o n s i h t a h t s m e e s t I .s l e v o n s i h t u o h g u o r h t s k c a l B e h t d n
a s a er ther e lfecitono f
y ti l a e r e h
t ”(2002 :2).
t h g ir W d r a h c i
R wa sbornandr aised i nthe Ame ircanSouth,i tmadehim il ve
y ti l a t u r b d n a e c n e l o i v f o l l u f s i e fi l s i H . d lr o w d r a h e h t n
i tha ti scaused b y
n o i s e r p p o s ’ e ti h
w .A sstated byFredyWjiayainhi sundergraduatet hesis enitlted
s ’t h g i r W d r a h c i R f o r e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t n i n e e S s a y ti l a n o s r e P c it a p o h c y s P
. h t u o Y d n a d o o h d li h C f o d r o c e R A : y o B k c a l B
f o t o l a e v a h s k c a l b e h t , m e h t r o f e fi l r e tt e b a t e g o t s s e c o r p e h t h ti w g n o l A
fl e
s -confilc tin thei rown lfie .I ti saffected in thei rpersonaltiy , ilke wha t , l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h T . l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t o t d e n e p p a h
r W d r a h c i R s i h c i h
w igh thimsel ,fs ufferedf romakindo fpersonaltiydisorder . e fi l e h t d e c n e ir e p x e t h g ir W d r a h c i R , d o o h d li h c s i h n i e s u a c e b d e n e p p a h s i h T
m i h r o f d r a h y l e m e rt x e t a h
t a sachlid
) 3 : 7 0 0 2
( .
e c n e l o i v f o l l u f d lr o w e h t n i g n i v i
L make shimreailzetha thehast ospeakup
t s n i a g a t h g if d n
a thewhties tostopt hei rbad rteatments towardblacks . tIi sstated
n
i the A+ETelevision Networks that t hemore he r ead about t he wo lrd,t he more
a m d n a t i e e s o t d e g n o l e
h deapermanen tbreakf romt heJ imCrowSouth ." Iwan t
d n e ir f a d l o t e h " , g n i h t e m o s r o f t n u o c o t e fi l y
m .
t n a w t h g ir W t a h
t s the wo lrd see the injusitce happened toward shi speople by
.s k r o w s i h g n i d a e
r W irghta sablackmanha sadutyt ospeakupf o rhi speople .
m o r f t n e r e f fi d s i r e ti r w e h t y b d e t c u d n o c s i h c i h w y d u t s e h t , n o i s u l c n o c e h t s A
f e h t n I . e v o b a s e i d u t s e h t f o h t o
b ris tstudy ,Deasy Seita Mayasa ir focuse son
e h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t o t s ’ e fi l t h g ir W d r a h c i R f o e c n e u lf n
I NaitveSon.I n t he
, y d u t s d n o c e
s FredyWjiayafocuse sont hePsychopaitcPersonal tiya sSeeni nt he
s ’t h g ir W d r a h c i R f o r e t c a r a h C n i a
M BlackBoy .Meanwhlie, t hestudyconducted
e s u c o f r e ti r w e h t y
b s ont hereacitonstowardsracia ldisc irminaitonsseenf romt he
n i s t c il f n o
c RichardW irgh’t s“Downbyt heRiverside”.
.
B Reviewo fRelatedTheories .
1 Theorie so fConfilct
s
A statedi nAHandbookt oLtieraturebyHughHolman da n WliilamHarmon
t a h
t confilct si thes rtugglet ha tgrow sou toft hei nterplayoft woopposingf orce .s
n o i s n e t d n a , e s n e p s u s , t s e r e t n i s e d i v o r p t c il f n o
C .They also state tha tconfilc t
s d n i k t n e r e f fi d r u o f n i d e v l o v n i e b y a
m namely srtuggle agains tnature ,agains t
r e h t o n
a person ,agains tsociety ,andagains tdesitny(2009 :123) .I tmeans to say
t a h
t confilc thappenedbetweent woconrtar yforcesandconfilc tmosltydea lwtih
. n o i s n e
t Confilc ti salsodividedi ntof ou rdfiferentkinds .Fristi ssrtuggleagains t
e r u t a
n .Nex ti sthe srtuggle agains tanothe rperson where a protagonis tha sa
T . r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a h ti w t c il f n o
c he confilct nc a happen between na individua l
d n
a anothe rindividua lo ran individua land a group o fpeople. The thrid i s
n i a g
.s e v il e h e r e h w y t e i c o s e h t y b d e v e il e
b The l as tconfilc ti sagains tdes itny, t he
r e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r
p hast os rtugglef o rhi sowndesitny.
e r e h t s ’ n o t n a t S n
I are two kind so fconfilct ,interna lconfilc tand externa l
:) 6 1 : 5 6 9 1 ( t c il f n o c
.
a Interna lConfilc.t
s i h T . r e t c a r a h c a n i h ti w s e ri s e d o w t n e e w t e b d e n e p p a h s t c il f n o C l a n r e t n I
o t fl e s m i h h ti w s e u g r a r e t c a r a h c e h T . fl e s m i H s V n a M n e e w t e b s i t c il f n o c
e d i c e
d somethingwhenhef ace saproblemi nhisl fie. .
bExterna lConfilct
d n a r e t c a r a h c a n e e w t e b r o s r e t c a r a h c n e e w t e b d e n e p p a h s t c il f n o C l a n r e t x E
m e l b o r p a s e c a f r e t c a r a h c e h t n e h w d e n e p p a h t c il f n o c s i h T . t n e m n o ri v n e s i h
r e t c a r a h c r e h t o h ti
w s and ifgh tagainstt oothe rcharacte .r
s i t c il f n o c t a h t s e t a t s o s l a n o t n a t
S a n impo tran t elemen t o f plot . Two
s t n e m e l e t n a tr o p m
i o fplo tareconfilc tandcilmax.I tmeaningt osayt ha tconfilc t
a
h ev animportantr oleoft hel tieraryworksbecausei talway sdeals wtiht he tp . lo
.
2 Theorie so fDiscrimina iton
e t a t s s
A d in Internaitonal Encyclopedia o fEthics tha t“disc irminaiton i s
e v it a g e n s a h t I . n o it a il if f a l a i c o s d n a l a c i s y h p n o d e s a b t n e m t a e rt l a it n e r e f fi d
impact on t he human’ smora lbehaviour”(Roth ,1995 :231). Ame irca can be a
e v it a t n e s e r p e
r counrty which has high disc irminaiton inside .People who ilve i n
. n o i g il e r d n a s e c a r y n a m f o t s i s n o c a c ir e m
A There are many kind o f
e b n a c t a h t n o it a n i m ir c s i
d found i n the US .“The crueles tdiscirminaiton i s t he
o it a n i m ir c s i
d nagainstt heAf ircan-Ame ircans” (Roth ,1995 :232).
d e lt it n e k o o b s i h n i z u r C n a n r e H o t g n i d r o c c
A Discriminaiton American
e l y t
o t s u c l a i c o s n i d e h c n e rt n
e m” (1977 :67) . tIi ncludes segregaitoni n ilvingplace,
s n o it u ti t s n i l a i c n a n
if refusal ,andt hepracitceo fl -owpayingj obtoward sminortiy
e l p o e p k c a l b s i e s a c s i h t n i p u o r
g .“Int he US,t hecrueles tact so fdisc irminaiton
. s e it ir o n i m l a i c a r e h t n i d e tt o p
s Af ircan Ame ircan in the lowes tstatu sin the
,s s e n s s e lr e w o p e v it a l e r , y t e i c o
s mate ira l dep irvaiton , and sociopsychic
t n e m t n e s e
r ”(1977 :67).
.
3 T Rhe ela itonbetweenLtieratureandSociety n
i d e t a t s s
A Theory o fL tierature by Wellek and Warren tha tltierature ha s
s a h d n a s n o it u ti t s n i l a i c o s r a l u c it r a p h ti w n o it c e n n o c e s o l c n i n e s ir y ll a u s
u alsoa
, e s u r o , n o it c n u f l a i c o
s can no tbe purely i ndividual (1956 :94). Ltierature can
r e ti l e h t n e h w n e p p a h y t e i c o s e h t t c e lf e
r ature i sproduced ,because usually
e r u t a r e ti
l se ta ce train society a sthe setitng o fthe play. Graham Ltilte in the
d o h t e M d n a t n e t n o C f o y d u t S l a c it i r C o t n o it c u d o r t n I n a : e r u t a r e ti L o t h c a o r p p A
g n it i r W n
i s say tha t“ltieraturei st hep irncipleo facutlure”(1963 :1).
n o it a l e r e h
T between l tierature and society aret hat l tieraturei san expression
. ) 5 9 : 6 5 9 1 , n e r a W d n a k e ll e W ( y t e i c o s e h t f
o “Ltierarywork scanplay tisr olea s
t a h t t n e m u c o
d r c de o r socia lreailites ,happen in society ,which i saritsitcally
y b d e y a rt r o
p theauthors”(1956 :102). Ltieraturecanbemadef ort heoutilne so f
. y r o t s i h l a i c o
s Fo rexample,l tieraturecanbe a sa socia lpictureo fAmeircanl fie
) 3 0 1 : 6 5 9 1
.
C Reviewo fAmericanSocietyi n et h early 02 thCentury
“Down by t he Riverside” i sset i n t he 1900-1930s i n Mississippi ,Ame ircan
. h t u o
S tI is t he era a tfe rthe civi lwa rendedi n Ame irca .TheNo trh tha twon t he
r a
w wante d to aboilsh slavery .Unfo trunately how the society behaved toward s
o h w e l p o e p k c a l B . h c u m s a e g n a h c t o n d i d k c a l
b weref reestli lcouldno t ilvei n
n
a equa lposi itona st hewhtie ,s t heystli lha d to r espec twhtie and rtea twhtie i n
n i d e t a t s s A . y t e i c o s e h t n i e c a l p t s e h g i h e h
t The Shappingo ftheAmerican Past
y e ll e K t r e b o R y
b tha t“thoughf ree ,black swere expectedt oshowdeference and
, s e s a r h p d n a s e r u t s e g l l a m s f o t s o h a y b , t c e p s e
r jus tas i n t he day so fslavery”
t a e rt l li t s y t e i c o s e h T . ) 7 5 3 : 6 8 9 1
( e dthema sslaves event heblack shave t ocal l
” r e t s i M “ h ti w n a m s e ti h w l l
a .John K .Roth in the Encylopedia o fEthics also
d e t a t
s tha t“theend o fslavery i nt he Untied State sdid not ,and couldnot ,b irng
n o it a n i m ir c s i d o t d n e n
a ” (1995 :233 .)
n e e b e v a h e l p o e p k c a l
B e s en lav d fo ra long itme and people’ s stereotype
t o n e v a h m e h t t u o b
a changedyet .Theys itllt hought tha tblackpeoplea rewhtie’ s
e v a l
s .s
d e s a b m e h t e g d u j e r p t o n s e o d t a h t y t e i c o s a d e c n e ir e p x e t o n e v a h o s l a y e h T
d n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c l a c i s y h p n o p
u stereotypes . I t could be said tha t m o n o c e d n a , l a c it il o p , l a i c o s e h t n i d e d d e b m e e b o t s e u n it n o c n o it a n i m ir c s i
d ic
s e t a t S d e ti n U e h t f o c ir b a
f (R oth1995 :233). e
h
T quotaitonaboveshowe dthatt hedisc irminaitont oward sblackpeoplecanbe
m o r f d e if it n e d
.
1 Socia lCondi iton e l p o e p k c a l
B never ge tthe equa l rteatmen tfrom society ,atlhough they are
y r e v a l s m o r f e e r
f .Whtie people alway sunderesitmated black people because
e r e w r o t s e c n a s ’ e l p o e p k c a l
b slaves .Tha tcondiiton make swhtiepeople assume
y e h t t a h
t are supe iro rthan black people .Whtie people alway sthink tha tblack
n a m u h n a h t s s e l e r a e l p o e
p (Thernsrtomand Thernstorm ,1997 :27) .Cha lre sS .
n o s n h o
J int heAmericai nBlackandWhtie yb ThernsrtomandThernstormstated
:t a h t
s i e r e h t t a h t w o n k I d n a , o r g e N a m a I w o n k I d n a o r g e N a e r a u o y w o n k y e h T
y a t s o t u o y t n a w y e h T . o r g e N a t a e rt o t g n i o g e r a e l p o e p e ti h w y a w n i a tr e c a
t g n i o g e r a y e h t h c u m o o t ti f o t u o t e g u o y f i d n a , e c a l p r u o y n
i opu tyouback
o t t o g u o y d n a h t u o S e h t n i s s o b e h t s i n a m e ti h w e h t t a h t s i h t y b n a e m I . ti n i
) 4 4 : 7 9 9 1 ( s s o b e h t s i e h e k il m i h o t k l a
t .
The quotaiton above shows tha tthe whtie people alway swanted to be in the
f o s s a l c r e p p
u the society .Theywanted t o show t heblack peoplet hat t hey used
e h t e b o
t bos sandweres itllthei rbos satlhought hes laveryerai sove .r
n o it a n i m ir c s i d s e ti h w e h
T can a lso be seen from the socia lcondiiton in the
T . h t u o
S heplacei nt hepubilcf aciilite sareseparatedi nto twoseciton :whtieand
r e h t o e h t n o t u b , n o it c e s d e r o l o c e h t h g u o r h t s s a p n a c s e ti h w e h T . d e r o l o
c hand
n i d e t a t s s A . s n o it c e s e ti h w e h t h g u o r h t s s a p o t d e w o ll a t o n e r e w d e r o l o
c The
t s a P n a c i r e m A e h t f o g n i p p a h
S , Black swere segregated i n almos tal lo fpublic
s e ir e t e m e c n e v e d n a , s e h c r u h c , s l a ti p s o h , s n o s ir p , s l o o h c s s a h c u s , s e it il i c a f
r e v o g e h T . ) 9 5 3 : 6 8 9 1 y e ll e K
( nmen tmade t hi srule t o make t hem separate bu t
e n ir t c o
d regards fo rthe reailite so fsouthern ilves ,i ti s neve rmade black and
r e d n u o t y l n o e c a l p n o it a g e r g e s e h t d n a ” l a u q e “ e ti h
w score the infeirortiy o f
s k c a l
b (Henrettae ta.l ,1993 :599 .)
n I . r a W l i v i C e h t r e tf a d e n e p p a h l li t s t n e m t a e rt l e u r c d n a y ti l a t u r b e h
T 1865 ,
s i h T . e e s s e n n e T n i d e z i n a g r o t s ri f s a w n a l K x u l K u K d e m a n n o it a z i n a g r o n a
t s i s n o c e l p o e p f o p u o r
g e d o fwhtie people who initmidated black people .U.S
e i m m u D r o f y r o t s i
H sstatedt hat
m o r f s k c a l b e t a d i m it n i o t s l a u ti r y f o o g d n a s e m u t s o c d ri e w d e s u y e h T
s b o m e ti h w r e h t o d n a y e h t , d e li a f n o it a d i m it n i n e h W . s t h g ir r i e h t g n i s i c r e x e
s n a c ir e m A n a c ir f A f o s d e r d n u H . e c n e l o i v o t d e tr o s e r s p u o r g y r a ti li m a r a p d n a
e s e h t f o t l u s e r a s a d e r e d r u m y ll a t u r b r o , s e m o h r i e h t m o r f n e v ir d , n e t a e b e r e w
a g e i W ( s n o it c a ’ s p u o r
g n ,d 2009:180).
m e h t f o y n a M . e l p o e p k c a l b s d r a w o t n e p p a h o t d e u n it n o c t n e m t a e rt n a m u h n i e h T
. y ti l a t u r b s ’ e ti h w f o e s u a c e b d e i
d Int heJ imCrowSouth ,whtiepeoples eemed ot
r o w a l r o f d r a g e r y n a t u o h ti w y l d a b e l p o e p k c a l b t a e rt o t e s n e c il a e v a
h moraltiy
I . d e h s i w y e h t r e v e n e h
w tmade t he black people scared o fwhtie people for t ha t
n o s a e
r (Thernsrtom and Thernstorm ,1997 :46) .America’ sHistory statedthati n
y tr o f m o r f e s o r s g n i h c n y l f o r e b m u n e h t , h t u o S e h
t -eighti n1917t os eventy-eigh t
. s m r o fi n u y r a ti li m r i e h t g n ir a e w l li t s e li h w d e h c n y l e r e w s k c a l b l a r e v e S . 9 1 9 1 n i
n o it i d n o c t a h
T became worse eb cause fo Ame ircan i mpe irailsm and also black
i e c i v r e
s nWo lrd WarI .The rteatmen tofl ynchingblackpeoplei ncreased int he
n e w t d n a , 0 3 9 1 n i d e h c n y l e r e w k c a l b y t n e w t e r e h w s 0 3 9 1 y lr a
e t -y four i n 1933
.l a t e a tt e r n e H
( ,1993:771) .In the South ,race harted ,manfiested in a wave o f
s g n i h c n y
e l y t s e fi l s ’ e ti h w f o t r a
p (Henretta e ta.l,1993: 95 ). 9 This i ssue desc irbed t hat i n
e l p o e p k c a l b g n il li k a r e t a h
t w as so easy ,even t hel aw did no twork prope lry t o
a h e l p o e p k c a l B . e l p o e p k c a l b t c e t o r
p d to ifgh tagains twhtie sbyt hemselve .s
. s e v l e s m e h t y b w a L w o r C m i J t s n i a g a t h g if e l p o e p k c a l b , s e it i c l a r e v e s n I
, .l a t e a tt e r n e
H int heAmerica’sHistorystatedt hat
n r e h t u o s , y t n u o C s e m ir G f o s k c a l b e h t e k i
L black sin many place sresisted
m i J t s ri f e h t d e t p o d a a i g r o e G n e h W . d l u o c y e h t t s e b s a n o i s s e r p p o e ti h w
, tt o c y o b a d e r a l c e d s k c a l b a t n a lt A , 1 9 8 1 n i s r a c t e e rt s o t g n i y l p p a w a l w o r C
d e t a g e r g e s t s n i a g a s tt o c y o b e r e w e r e h t s r a e y n e e tf if t x e n e h t r e v o d n a
t e e rt
s carsi natl eastt wenty ifveciites( 1993 :599 .)
e l p o e p k c a l
B ea r triedo filvingunde rwhtie’ soppression . tIi ss hownoneoft hei r
t s n i a g a k c a b t h g if y e h T . s e c a l p c il b u p e h t n i y ti l a u q e n a t e g o t n o it c a e v a r
b the
n o it a r a p e s d e g n a r r a t a h t w a l w o r C m i
J o fpubilcplacesi ntot wo secitonbetween
.s k c a l b d n a s e ti h
w Atlhough blackpeoplecouldbekilledbecauseoft hei raciton
t x e n r i e h t r o f e r u t u f r e tt e b e h t d e t n a w y e h t e s u a c e b d i a r f a t o n e r e w y e h t
. n o it a r e n e g
.
2 Economy
b , n o it i d n o c c i m o n o c e e h t n
I lack people who i sused to be slaves have to
t e p m o
c e wtih poore rwhties t o ge ta j ob .I tmakes t he black lfie’ sharder, t hey
b o j a t e g o t s e ti h w r e r o o p h ti w g n it e p m o c y b e v i v r u s d n a e fi l ri e h t e v a s o t e v a
h .
m r o t s n r e h T d n a m o rt s n r e h
T int heAmericai nBlackandWhtiestatedt hat
o t d e n if n o c e r e w y e h t e s u a c e b r o o p e r e w s k c a l b n r e h t u o s f o y ti r o j a m t s a v e h T
ll
i -paid , insecure , menia l jobs—job s tha t few whtie s would take . In r e v o , e t a t s k c a l b y li v a e h t s o m e h t s a l l e w s a n a ir a r g a t s o m e h t , i p p i s s i s s i M
o w
n r e h t u o s n i d e k r o w o h w s e ti h w e h t f o t n e c r e p 0 4 r e v o h ti w d e r a p m o c
r c e r a h s “ r e h ti e e r e w e r u tl u c ir g a n i d e y o l p m e s k c a l b t s o M . e r u tl u c ir g
a oppers”
) 4 3 : 7 9 9 1 ( ” s r e r o b a l “ r
o .
k c a l b f o w e f y l n o t a h t n w o h s s i
tI s can have thei rown l and because t he whtie s
k c a l b t n a w t o n d i
d s t ohavet hei rownl and .Theywan tblacktoconitnueworki ng
y l n o s e m it e m o s , y tr e p o r p l a r u r y l n o n w o d l u o c n e m k c a l b s e m it e m o S “ . m e h t r o f
9 5 3 : 6 8 9 1 , y e ll e K ( ” . n a b r
u ).
e s u a c e b e s r o w e m a c e b n o it i d n o c s i h
T Maulana Karenga in Introduciton to
n o it i d E d n 2 s e i d u t S k c a l
B statedtha t
However ,economically ,Congres s did no t give Black s the suppor t they y m o n o c e n r e h t u o s e h t o t n i k c a b d e t a r g e t n i e r y ll a it n e s s e e r e w y e h t d n a d e d e e n
i m e s r e d n
u -enslavedcondiiton sass harecroppers(1993 :145).
r e d r a h e m a c e b e fi l ri e h t s 0 3 9 1 e h t g n ir u d d n a d r a h n e e b s y a w l a d a h e fi l ri e h T
e b n a h
t fore.I tmadet hemt riedo filvingunde rpovetry ,butt hestiuaitonchanged
k a m d e tr a t s e l p o e p k c a l B , s 0 6 9 1 y lr a e e h t d n a s 0 5 9 1 e h t n
i i ng thei rown move .
a t e a tt e r n e H s e m a
J l., inAmerica’ sHistorystatedtha t
e ti h w y n a m d e m r a l a s s e n e v it r e s s a w e n s ’ k c a l
B Ame ircans .They had been
, s 0 6 9 1 y lr a e d n a s 0 5 9 1 e h t f o s m r o f e r e t a r e d o m e h t h ti w g n o l a o g o t g n il li w
o t s s e c c a e t a i d e m m i g n i d n a m e d d e tr a t s s k c a l b n e h w y r a w e r e w y e h t t u b
r e h g i
h -paying jobs , bette r housing in previously whtie neighborhoods , o
o h c s d e t a r g e t n
i ls ,andi ncreasedpoilitca lpowers( 1993 :957 .)
e v il o t t n a w y e h t e s u a c e b n o it i d n o c c i m o n o c e t s n i a g a n o it c a e r ri e h t f o e n o s i s i h T
n i g n i v il r e g n o l o n e r e w y e h t t a h t e z il a e r y e h T . e r o f e b n a h t n o it i d n o c r e tt e b e h t n i
c o t t n a w m e h t e d a m t i d n a a r e y r e v a l
s hanget he rif ate and ifghtf or t heri l fie t o
. 3 L aw
w a l e h
T ta tha t itme did no twork a s ti w as supposed to be .The law stli l
s a w e l p o e p k c a l b t a h t e s a c a s a w e r e h t n e h W . e d i s s ’ e ti h w e h t n i d e k r o w
e h t n O . e k a t s i m g i b a r o f m e h t d e h s i n u p d n a m e h t e g d u j d l u o w w a l e h t , d e s u c c a
r e h t
o hand ,whenwhtie peoplemade any kindo fc irmet oward sblack,t he cour t
m e h t h s i n u p d l u o
w mli dlyandevenf orgeti teasliy .
t s n i a g a s e m ir c f o d e s u c c a s e ti h w e t u c e s o r p o t d e s u f e r , e li h w n a e m , s tr u o c e h T
e r o m s a w g n i h t o N . e c n e l o i v d n a y c n e u q e r f n i y l d i p a r w e r g h c i h w , s k c a l b
l a t o t r i e h t n a h t , t c a f n i , s k c a l b o t g n i n e tr a e h s i
d inab litiy to receive anything
r o y fi t s e t r o t i u s g n ir b o t n e v e , s e t a t s n r e h t u o S e h t f o s tr u o c e h t n i e c it s u j e k il
.) 7 5 3 : 6 8 9 1 , y e ll e K ( s e ir u j n o t i s
n i y fi t s e t o t d e w o ll a t o n e r e w s k c a l b e h t , e ti h w d n a k c a l b n e e w t e b s e s a c f o l l a n I
i e s a c e h t s s e l n u t r u o
c nvolvedothe rblacks( Kelley ,1986 :359) .Thisi sanothe r
o r
p o ftha tblack scouldno tge tanequa lrteatmen tevenfromthel aw.Blackcould
n u g a t n i o p s e ti h w e h t e s u a c e b g n i h t y n a o d t o
n a t them.The black people who
d n a e k a t s i m a e d a
m were captured by the Southern poilce were no tany bette r
. g n i h c n y l n a h
t Thei rcase swerebrought ot theSoutherncou trandt henthej udge
. t n e m h s i n u p h t a e d a m e h t e v i g d l u o
w ThernsrtomandThernstormint heAmerica
e ti h W d n a k c a l B n
i statedt hat
s r e c if f o e c il o p n r e h t u o
S and southern cou tr s were exrtemely harsh and e h t r o s e ti h w t s n i a g a s e m ir c f o d e t c i v n o c s k c a l b f o t n e m t a e rt r i e h t n i e v it i n u p
e ti h
w -dominatedcasteorder(1997 :48).
y b y t e i c o s d e t a g e r g e s y ll u f a e m it t s ri f e h t r o f e m a c e b h t u o S e h t ,s 0 9 8 1 e h t n I
m i J . w a
. l a u q e t u b e t a r a p e s m e h t e k a m d n a e l p o e p s k c a l b s d r a w o t n o it a n i m ir c s i d s ’ e ti h w
l a t e a tt e r n e H
( . ,1993 :599) .A tfe rJim Crow Law applyed in south ,southern
d e t s i s e r s e c a l p y n a m n i s k c a l
b whtieoppression a sbestt heycould ,even Altanta
s tt o c y o b e r e w e r e h t s r a e y n e e tf if t x e n e h t r e v o d n a t t o c y o b a d e r a l c e d s k c a l b
e w t t s a e l t a n i s r a c t e e rt s d e t a g e r g e s t s n i a g
a nty ifveciites ( Henretta e ta.l ,1993 :
.) 9 9 5
e l d d i m e h t n
I o fblackoppressionbywhtie ,sAme ircanSouthwa sattackedby
d n a e l p o e p y n a m d e ll i k t I . d e g a m a d s ’ r e v ir i p p i s s i s s i M y b d e s u a c t a h t d o o lf g i b
. n e z it i c e h t r o f s e g a t n a v d a s i d d e s u a c
s a s n a k r A n i d o o lf y lt s o c d n a e v it c u rt s e d t s o m e h t s a w 7 2 9 1 f o d o o l F e h T
r o w e h t f o e n o d n a y r o t s i
h sti n t he historyoft he naiton.I taffilcted Arkansa s e h t n a h t , y r a t e n o m d n a n a m u h h t o b , n o it a t s a v e d f o t n u o m a r e t a e r g a h ti w
e h t n i s e t a t s d e t c e f f a r e h t
o Mississipp i River Valley .
(http://www.encyclopediaofarkansa .sne/tencyclopedia/enrty -2
0 2 2 = d i y rt n e ? x p s a .l i a t e
d )
o s l a d o o lf e h
T broughtblackpeoplei nt hesadnes scondiiton .Mos toft hemdied
o t e t a l e r e w y e h t e s u a c e
b b pe hel ed .They were dfi ifcutlt o ge tshetle randboat .
e r e w e l p o e p k c a l b e h t ,t e y r e v o t o n s a w g n ir e f f u s r i e h t ,r e v o s i d o o lf e h t n e h W
.r e d r o s ’ e ti h w e h t r e d n u e e v e l e h t ri a p e r o t d e c r o
f When t he black srefused ,the
. m e h t t o o h s d l u o w s e ti h w
d e r u c c o d o o lf 7 2 9 1 e h t f o y s r e v o rt n o c d e t a e h t s o m e h t s p a h r e p , i p p i s s i s s i M n I
e h t r e v o y lr a l u c it r a p d n a , e ll i v n e e r G n i s e e g u f e r k c a l b f o g n il d n a h e h t r e v o
. n o it p ir c s n o c d e t s i s e r o h w n a m k c a l b a f o g n it o o h s
t c a
F s abou tdisc irminaitont ha ti sfacedbyblack sshows thatt he f reedom t ha t
il o t e v a h l li t s y e h t e s u a c e b m o d e e r f l a e r e h t t o n s i t o g e l p o e p k c a l B e h
t veunde r
. e r o m r e f f u s o t e v a h y e h t n e v e d n a s t c e p s a f o d n i k y n a m n i n o i s e r p p o s ’ e ti h w
.
D Theore itca lFramework
t a h t s e ir o e h t e m o s s e s u r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n
I a er used t o answe ral lof t he
n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r
p s .The fris ti sthe theory o fconfilct by Hugh Holman and
lf n o c f o y r o e h t o s l a d n a n o m r a H m a il li
W ict sby Stanton .The re theory a re used
e s u a c e
b theycanhelpt oanalyzet heconfilcts descirbedi nt hestory ,bothi nterna l
t c il f n o c l a n r e t x e d n a t c il f n o
c .Touset he setheoryt hewrtie rwli lrtyt ounderstand
e h
t confilc thappenedi nt hes tory .Theinterna lconfilctt ha thappenedbetweent he
d e n e p p a h t a h t t c il f n o c l a n r e t x e o s l a d n a f l e s m i h r e t c a r a h
c wtihin the main
y r o t s e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o e h t h ti w r e t c a r a h
c and t hen relate ti t o t he confilc t
. e fi l l a e r e h t n i d e n e p p a
h The theory o fconfilct by Hugh Holman and Wliilam
il f n o c f o y r o e h t o s l a d n a n o m r a
H ct sbyStanton wli lbe used t o answe rproblem
r e b m u
n o ne.
s e ir o e h
T fo discirminaiton by Hernan Cruz and John K .Roth ,the relaiton
y t e i c o s d n a e r u t a r e ti l n e e w t e
b by Wellek and Warren ,and also et rh eviews fo
n i y t e i c o S n a c ir e m
A the19thcenturyareusedbecauserelated t ot hestudyabou t
l a i c a r s d r a w o t s n o it c a e
r disc irminaiton .Because thi sanalysi sha sa purpose to
t a h t n o it a n i m ir c s i d l a i c a r e h t d n
if si relfected from t he confilct ,sot he t heory o f
n o it a n i m ir c s i
o s l a y t e i c o s d n a e r u t a r e ti
l neededbecause tii si mpo tranttoi dentfiyt hatl tierature
. y t e i c o s e h t m o r f n o it c e lf e r e h t s i
n i y t e i c o S n a c ir e m A f o w e i v e r e h
T et h 19thcenturyi salsoimpo tran tbecause
i c o S n a c ir e m A w o h e e s o t d e s u s i
ti etyi s re lfectedi nto thedisc irminaiton i nt he
. y r o t
s The r eview i sused t o understand whyt he disc irminaitonoccure d towards
e h
t black people and also to understand the cause and impact t owards t he black
t I . e l p o e
p i salsot ounderstandandseewhatt her ea lcondiitonbetweent bhe lack
d n
a the whtie in tha tera and also give the reade ra picture o f thei rbehaviou r
.r e h t o h c a e d r a w o
t Becauseoft ha,tt het heo ire scanbeappiledt ounderstandhow
t c e lf e r s t c il f n o c e h
t racia ldisc irminaiton. These theo ire sare used to answe r
. o w t r e b m u n n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p
f o w e i v e r e h t g n i s u y b d e r e w s n a e b n a c n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p t s a l e h t n I
n i y t e i c o s n a c ir e m
A the 19th century .Because by seeing the i ncident sfrom t he
ti r w e h t , y r o t s i
h e rcan see the realtiy tha tBlack people face and also thei r
n o it c a e
r stoward sthe realtiy t hat happened to them .Thi sreview i ssutiable to
0 2
Y G O L O D O H T E M
.
A Objec toft heStudy
n w o D “ d e lt it n e y r o t s t r o h s a s i y d u t s e h t f o t c e j b o e h
T b y theRiverside”
e r e w s e ir o t s r e h t o r u o f h ti w y r o t s t r o h s s i h T . t h g ir W d r a h c i R y b n e tt ir w
n i d e t c e ll o
c Uncle Tom’ sChlidren tha tfris tpubilshed by Harper Coliln s
. 6 3 9 1 n i r e h s il b u
P “Down b y theRiverside”contain so f62 pages .Thi sshor t
y r o t
s toldabou tAfircan-Ame ircanmenwhor eacte dtowardswhtieoppression
o
t protecthimandhisf amliy .Thi sstoryt ookaplacei n AmeircaSouthi nt he
r e p t a h t n I . s 0 3 9
1 iod , the society’ s rteatmen tbetween whtie people and
e l p o e p d e r o l o
c w ere dfiferent .The colored people w ere always i n t hel owe r
. y t e i c o s e h t n i s s a l c l a i c o s n i n o it i s o p
n n a
M w asthemajo rcharacteri nt hi sshor tstory ow h ilvedwtihhisf amliy
l a m s e h t n
i lhouse,t heycouldno tgoanywherebecauset herewa sbig lfoodi n
y e h t d n a n w o t e h
t hadbeen rtapped i nt hei rhouse forf ou rdays .Mannasked
w a l n i r e h t o r b s i h , b o
B , tos el lhi soldmule,s ohecouldbuyaboatf ort hemt o
s
e cape .Bob camehomewtih stole n b oat from a whtie man .Hesaid t ha tno e
ti h
w give s aproper p ircefo rhi smule ,and hecould no tbuya boa tbecause
e v a g y e h
t a high p irceso t ha tblack peoplecould no town t he boat .Bobhad
l a e t s o t d a h e h , e c i o h c o
n the boa tfrom Mr .Heatrifeld so he could savehi s
m o r f y li m a
f the lfood .Mannhadnochoicet ot aket hestolenboa tandbrough t
o t y li m a f s i
h town ,he had to go to hosp tia lbecause hi swfie ,L , ulu w as
e s u a c e b h t a e d o t g n ir e f f u
s shecouldno tdeilvert hebaby.
a M , l a ti p s o h e h t o t y a w e h t n
O nn me tMr .Heatrifeld and he wanted to
. t a o b s i h e l o t s n n a M t a h t t h g u o h t e h e s u a c e b m i h t o o h
t y d a e r d n a n n a M o t n u g a t u p e h , n e t s il o t t n a w t o n d i d d l e if tr a e H . r M t u
b o
H . e c i o h c o n d a h n n a M . m i h t o o h
s e grabbed hi sown gun and shoo tMr .
o t d l e if tr a e
H et h death .A tfert hat, Mannconitnuedhisj ourneyt ot hehosp tial .
, l a ti p s o h e h t n
I the docto rsaid tha tLulu died because she wa slate to b e
p l e
h ed .Thearmyt ookMann’sboa tands enthimt ohelpthepeoplewhowere h
t n i d e p p a rt l li t
s ei rhouses .Mann helped M .r Heatr ifeld’ sfamliy who were
e l o t s n n a M t a h t y m r a e h t d l o t y e h t t a h t r e tf a t u b , e s u o h r i e h t n i d e p p a rt
’ d l e if tr a e H .r
M sboa tand killed him .Mann could no ttestfiy anything in the
tr u o
c ,because black wereno tallowed t o use t hei r irght t o speak .The cour t
e g d u
j d him a sthe accused then the army t ook him away .Mann ran t o save
t u b , fl e s m i
h thearmys ho thimt odead.
.
B Approachoft heStudy
e h t e c n i
S storyt ell saboutt heblackmenandhi sexpeirencet owardsr acia l
a h t n o it a n i m ir c s i
d t si seen from the confilcts , the wrtie r uses the
l a r u tl u c o i c
