Struktur Komunitas dan Sebaran Fitoplankton
di Perairan Sungsang Sumatera Selatan
Yunita Veronika Munthe*, Riris Aryawati, Isnaini
Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya-Indonesia *Email: [email protected]
Received 17 October 2011; received in revised form 20 November 2011; accepted 28 December 2011
ABSTRACT
The change water quality is closely related to abundance and compotition of phytoplankton so the existing of phytoplankton in water can give information about the water condition. The purposes of this research were getting information about diversity, abundance, distribution, structure community of phytoplankton in Sungsang water, definiting distribution of physic and chemical parameter in the water. The research about structure of community and distribution of phytoplankton in Sungsang, South Sumatra, had been done on April 2011. The research stations were determined by the Purposive Sampling method. The sample of phytoplankton was taken by plankton net with 20µm meshsize. Identification of Phytoplankton was performed by observing under a microscope and using phytoplankton identification book in laboratory. The result showed that phytoplankton which found were composed by 4 classes of phytoplankton, they are, Chlorophyceae, Dinoflagellata and Cyanophyceae. Generally, the Genus that found was Coscinodiscus, Skeletonema, Streptotheca, dan Desmidium. The value of phytoplankton abundance in each station are 48 cell/l up to 206 cell/l. Index of diversity (H’) ranged from 0,92 – 2,77, index of uniformity (E) ranged from 0,48 – 0,87 and index of dominance ranged from 0,19 – 0,66. The physic and chemical parameters, they are temperature, salinity, pH, nitrate and phosphate is classified as good, but the visibility and DO is classified as not good.
Key word : Structure of community, Distribution, Phytoplankton, Sungsang water
ABSTRAK
Perubahan kualitas perairan erat kaitannya dengan kelimpahan dan komposisi fitoplankton sehingga keberadaan fitoplankton di suatu perairan dapat memberikan infomasi mengenai kondisi suatu perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman, kelimpahan, sebaran, dan menentukan struktur komunitas fitoplankton di perairan Sungsang serta menentukan sebaran parameter fisika kimia perairan di daerah Sungsang. Penelitian tentang struktur komunitas dan sebaran fitoplankton di perairan Sungsang Sumatera Selatan telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2011. Penentuan stasiun penelitian menggunakan metode Purposive sampling. Sampel fitoplankton diambil dengan menggunakan jaring plankton (Plankton net) dengan ukuran mata jaring 20 µm. Identifikasi fitoplankton dilakukan di laboratorium dengan cara mengamati di bawah mikroskop dan menggunakan buku identifikasi fitoplankton. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitoplankton yang ditemukan tersusun atas 4 kelas fitoplankton yaitu Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Dinoflagellata dan
Cyanophyceae. Genus yang paling umum dijumpai adalah Coscinodiscus, Skeletonema,
Streptotheca, dan Desmidium. Nilai kelimpahan fitoplankton pada setiap stasiun berkisar antara 48 sel/l sampai 206 sel/l. Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) berkisar antara 0,92 – 2,77, Indeks Keseragaman (E) berkisar antara 0,48 – 0,87, dan Indeks Dominansi (C) berkisar antara 0,19 – 0,66. Parameter fisika kimia yang terdiri dari suhu, salinitas, pH, nitrat dan fosfat masih tergolong baik tetapi kecerahan dan DO tergolong kurang baik.
Kata kunci : Struktur komunitas, Sebaran, Fitoplankton, Perairan Sungsang 122-130
Corresponden number: Tel. +62711581118; Fax. +62711581118
E-mail address: [email protected]
Г ! ! " ! " # $ # # % " " & # " ! % " # " " # " # ! " " " " " ' ( ) ! ! ! ' ( ! ! " ! " " ( ! ) ' ( # ' ( " ! " # " " " * " " + ! ! ! ( ' ( " # " % " # " ( ! " # , " ) ) " # # " " # " ( Г ' " " - " ( ( ( ' ! " " " # " ' # " ! " " , ./ " " " ( ' ! " # # " ! ! " " # # " " Г . 1 % + 1'- " Г * " " ! ' + ' 2 & ( ) ! ' ! " " ( " ' " " " ! " " 3 Г
! " ! " # " ( # " " ! " ! " " 4 Г " ! " " - ! " ! " " ! ! " " " " " " ) " # 5 ! " # $ ' " " # # " " " " " " ( " " " " ! " # ( ! " " " " # # ! " " ! ' " " " ! " " " ' " " " , ./ " " " " " " # # $ % ! & # " 1" # # " " " " ) " " # # ! " " 6 778 " . & 799 % # " ! " " & " $ " # " " -',- 7:7 $ ; 8 < = > / / > ? ? > ? " < = " & " = " " = " ! / =Г % $ & ! ' ( ) ) / =Г " ? =? ? =? ! " " %')) ? =? ! " & ! ' % " " ( $@ ' 788 ,A = $ B ' ' = % ,A 1 " ' < " & " $ < " & "
9 & ! ' 78 $ ( : % " " C = ,A , > % C 1 " ,A 1 " , > ( ( . " $ " C D E % E F C F % " C G % " 1 " " " " " ! " " " " ( /" 77E H = $ B I <J = % H 1 " " " & " $ < " & " % " " " G H K 9 = " " ! " 9 G H G = " ! " ' # " . ! " " " ! ( *#! 8 # ( # " " " ! " " ( 7 # & . # ! " " " " ( 7 Г ( # " ! ! + ! " " ( " " " " % " + ! ,! 9 ) ,! 8 - ( " ), ,!
E # " ) ! & ' * + , - . / 0 + ! ) ! $ ! % 9 8 E E 9 % ! E - $ : 9 8 8 . /, : 0,$ $ ! , 7 9 7 ! $ 9 ,$ % , 9 8 1 ! ) 1 ' / + + + - , * 0 , Г 0 . + , '0 *' * ' ' & " % # " ! ! % # " $ ! " " ( + ! ,! ! " " $ ! ! ) ,! - ( " ), ,! , " + ! ,! ! " " " ! " " " ! - " 778 + ! ,! " " " ! " # ! " " ! " ! % ) ,! $ ! + ! ,! ' " " ! " " " , " " " " ! " ) ! ( " ( 6 ) # ! ! " " # ) ) ,! <! 77 ! " " " " " " " " " " ! " ) ' " " ! " " # ) ) ,! ! ! ) " " ) ! ) ,! ! " , " ( 7: ! ! ) ) ,! "
8 # ! " ) % ), ,! " $ " " " + ! ,! " ) ,! , " < 8 ! ! ) ), ,! ! " " $ " $ " " ! " " " ( " - ( " " " " # ! - ( " " " ! , ! - ( " " - " 778 - ( ! " " " " ) % # " " E " " " ( # ! E " " 7 9 " " ) ! ! " # " 3 6 ! # " 9 E 7 " " " " " " % ! " ! * " ! - " 778 ) " ! ! " % " # " L " " " ! & & " % # " * " 3 " ) # " " " - " 778 ! ! ) " ! " " ! " " ! " " " - " 778 " ! " ! " " # " ' # " " ! ! " " " ! " ! ! " ' " " " # " " # ! ( L ! # #
: & # " ! ! ( # " " 1 " % ,A 1 " % C " 1 " . H < " " # " ( ! " " " " 3 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Keanekaragaman Keseragaman Dominansi
Stasiun 1 Stasiun 2 Stasiun 3 Stasiun 4 Stasiun 5 Stasiun 6 Stasiun 7 Stasiun 8 Stasiun 9 Stasiun 10 ' & # " 2 " 2 ! ! * " " $ " ( $@ 7 M 88 < " " 88 " " " " ! " " " ! 7 " ! " & " ! " $ * " " " 7 M 88 ( " " " " @ 789 $ N " ! 7 ! ! " $ " " " " " $ " " " " ./ ( " " " " ( % " " " : :8 ' 78 $ ( : " C M " C D E E F C F " " C G " < " # ! " " " M
" 9:O :8O E9O E9O E:O
:O : O :EO : " E * " ' 78 $ ( : " " ! " " " ! " " ( ! " 9 8 : " " ! " " E " 7 Г " 787 $ - : " ! " " ! " " " " " " & " * " " " ! " " " ( # " $ # < " " # ! " " " EEO 7O O 8O O E O 7O 9O " 9 < " " 7 M EE < " " " " EE " " ! " " " " ! " 3 ! " " " - $ " " & " : "
7 " & " ) ! $ ! " % ! ! < " ! " " " 7 " " " " ! " " " ! 7 " ! " & " ! " $ ' " " H " " " " " " ( " " " G H K 9 " " ! " " " " 9 G H G " ! " , " * $ ' L " N : " " " " " ! " ! ! " " " " " ! " ! * " # * $ - : " " ( " " " " " " " " # & ! ! ( # " ( " # " ! " ./ ! . # " ( " " " 6 E ' ! # & ! ! 3 !4 5 " % 3 65 & 7 37 4 5 3 !4 5 # $ 3 !4 5 & 7 % 385 8 E E8 : E8 E E : 7: 7 E E :8 9 EE 89 E 8 : : 7 EE 9 E 88 8 8 :8 7 E 7 E 88 8 E : : 8 7 E 7 7 7 : 9 8 9 9 88 7 8: 8 8 8 9 7 : E 8 EE E8 9 & Г + ! " " ' ( " " ! + ! ,! 9 ) ,! 8 - ( " ), ,! " # $ : M E ( # " " E " " " ( # " ( " ,A 7 M 88 " C : M :8 " " " H 7 M EE ( # " ( " $ # " !
" ./ ! . " ! " " " " # ! " " ) " # ! " " " " " " " " # 1 & - 2 : % " % ' " ' 6 % ' & < 6 6 2 ? : 7 M 9 - " /, ( -* ; # (-6 - ! C " N ! (, 778 3 3 $ 3 $ $ 3 & 2 4 $ ' ' " ' / $Г1'1 . & H H 799 2 $ 5 6 ( 2 & ! ' < - 8 Г 8 ' . <! @ 77 + Г % $ * ' '6 3 " ' 2 /" 77E - $ * 3 " " 2 & ! ' ; ! ' 6 N 6 " * , & 788 + ! 1! , ! ( " C" ' ' < ) ; ' L - N ' : 0 " 3 5 $ 3 9 $ + : " 2 : % & % * " & ? 7 8 M N " ! ( 7 % ' ( * ' * " 1 " * % ? E M 9 ( 7: + ' " ' 2 & . ( ( : 9 - * ! % " 4 $ 3 Г 2 " ; + $ $ , ;$ I6 J ' ( " ( " ! ' ' ' 2 & . ( 6 H N 778 4$ (, 5 - " ' H # 2(-; 8 % 3 $ 3 5 $ 3 , $ 5 3 $ - Г 2 : ; I6 J + ' " 1 % 2 & % % 3 2
