THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VIRTUAL SIMULATION MEDIA WITH MACROMEDIA FLASH COMBINE WITH EXPERIMENTAL
METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES
IN DYNAMICS ELECTRIC’S SUBJECT FOR THE FIRST GRADE OF SMA N 1 PERBAUNGAN
A.Y. 2012/2013
BY:
Fetriana Simanihuruk Reg.Number: 409322016 Study Program: Physics Education
THESIS
Submitted to Acquire Eligible Sarjana Pendidikan
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
iv PREFACE
The authors say the praise and gratitude to God Almighty, for all the
graces and blessings that provide health and wisdom to the author that this study
can be completed properly in accordance with the planned time.
Thesis entitled " The Effectiveness of Using Virtual Simulation Media
with Macromedia Flash Combine with Experimental Method to Improve Students’ Learning Outcomes in Dynamics Electric’s Subject for the First Grade of SMA N 1 Perbaungan A.Y. 2012/2013", prepared to obtain a Bachelor's degree
Physical Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science in State
University of Medan.
On this occasion the author likes to thank Mr. Drs. Jonny H. Panggabean,
M.Si as Thesis Advisor who has provided guidance and suggestions to the author
since the beginning of the study until the completion of this thesis writing. Thanks
also to Dr. Ridwan A. Sani, M.Si., Drs. Rahmatsyah, M.Si, and Drs. Pintor
Simamora, M.Si., who have provided input and suggestions from the research
plan to complete the preparation of this thesis. Thanks also presented to Dr.
Derlina, M.Si., as the Academic Supervisor. Thanks also for all Mr. and Mrs.
lecturer and staff employee of Physics FMIPA State University of Medan who
have encourage the writer during the lecture. Appreciation were also presented to
Headmaster and all teacher in SMA N1 Perbaungan who have helped during this
research. Mr. Suhairi, M.Pd and also to Physics teacher Mrs. Jumiati, S.Pd.
Gratefully and specially to : Dear my lovely father N. Simanihuruk and
my lovely mother L. Sihaloho and my lovely grandparent, and also my young
sisters Friska, Ronauli, Helenjelina, Mulak, and Adelia, my young brothers Bosril
and Hotman, and all family who have prayed and gave me encouragement and
funding to complete the study in Unimed. Especially thanks to all my friend in
Bilingual Physics Class 2009, especially my best friends Gita Ravhani Anugrah
v would like to thank to my friends, Evi Mariani Mungkur, Ringgas Panjaitan and
especially to Imam Tyson Togatorop, S.Pd who have helped and gave suppported
during my research.
The author has endeavored to as much as possible in completing this
thesis, but the author is aware there are many drawbacks in terms of both content
and grammar, then the author welcome any suggestions and constructive criticism
from readers for this thesis perfectly. The author hope the contents of this paper
would be useful in enriching the repertoire of knowledge.
Medan, June 2013
Author,
iii THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VIRTUAL SIMULATION MEDIA
WITH MACROMEDIA FLASH COMBINE WITH EXPERIMENTAL METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES
IN DYNAMICS ELECTRIC’S SUBJECT FOR THE FIRST GRADE OF SMA N 1 PERBAUNGAN
A.Y. 2012/2013
Fetriana Simanihuruk (ID. Number: 409322016) ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to find out the activity of students and the effectiveness of using virtual simulation media with macromedia flash combine with experimental method to improve students’ learning outcomes in dynamics electric’s subject for the first grade of SMA N 1 Perbaungan A.Y. 2012/2013.
The research method was quasi experimental. The population were all students at X class consist of 8 classes SMA N1 Perbaungan. The sample of this research conduct two classes and consist of 79 students, here class X2 as experiment class and class X3 as control class and define by random cluster sampling.
vi CONTENT
Ratification Sheet ...i
Biography ...ii
Abstract ...iii
Preface ...iv
List of Content ...vi
List of Table ...ix
List of Figure ...x
List of Appendix ...xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background ...1
1.2 Problem Identification ...3
1.3 Problem Limitation ...3
1.4 Problem Formulation ...3
1.5 Research Objectives ...4
1.6 Research Benefits...4
1.7 Operational Definition ...4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Framework ...6
2.1.1 Definition of Concept ...6
2.1.2 Learning Concept ...6
2.1.3 Understanding the Concept ...7
2.2 Learning Media ...10
2.2.1 Definition of Education Media ...10
2.2.2 Definition of Learning Media ...12
2.2.3 Virtual Simulation Media ...16
2.2.4 Effectiveness ...17
2.3 Subject Material ...18
vii
2.5 Hypothesis...32
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Location ...33
3.2 Research Sample and Population ...33
3.3 Research Variable ...33
3.4 Research Design...33
3.5 Research Procedure ...34
3.6 Instrument of Data Collection ...36
3.7 Standardization of Instrument Research ...36
3.8 Data Analysis Technique ...36
3.8.1 Calculating the Mean of the Pretest and Posttest ...36
3.8.2 Calculating the Normality Test ...36
3.8.3 Calculating the Homogeneity Test...37
3.8.4 Calculating the Hypothesis Test ...37
3.8.5 Calculating the Activity Test Students ...38
3.8.6 Effectiveness of Student’s Achievement ...38
CHAPTER IV RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Result of Research ... 40
4.1.1 Description of Research Data ... 40
4.1.1.1 Pretest Data of Experimental and Control Class ... 40
4.1.1.2 Posttest Data of Experimental and Control Class ... 41
4.1.2 Testing of Data Analysis ... 42
4.1.2.1 Mean of Pretest and Posttest ... 42
4.1.2.2 Normality Test of Pretest and Post-test Data ... 43
4.1.2.3 Pretest and Post-test Data Homogeneity Test and Different Test of Student’s Initial Ability ... 43
4.1.2.4 The Activity Test of Students ... 45
4.1.2.5 Effectiveness of Student’s Achievement ... 46
viii CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ... 48
5.2 Suggestion ... 48
ix LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1 Research Design ... 33
Table 4.1 Pretest and Posttest Data in Experimental and Control Class ... 42
Table 4.2 Pretest and Post-test Data Normality Test of Experimental and Control Class ... 43
Table 4.3 Summary of Homogeneity Test Result of Pretest and Post-test Data ... 44
Table 4.4 Summary of Pretest t- test Calculation ... 44
Table 4.5 Summary of Posttest t- test Calculation ... 45
Table 4.6 Activity of Students ... 46
x LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Electricity Circuit...18
Figure 2.2 Potential Different at the Ends of the Lamp ...19
Figure 2.3 Graph of V-I from the Ohm’s Law ...20
Figure 2.4 Conductor ...21
Figure 2.5 Ammeter ...22
Figure 2.6 Ammeter Arranges Series with Resistance...23
Figure 2.7 Multitester and It’s Arranging for Voltmeter ...23
Figure 2.8 Closed Circuit Flow the Current ...24
Figure 2.9 Simple Circuits with Series Resistances ...24
Figure 2.10 Resistance Circuit Parallel ...26
Figure 2.11 Magnification Measuring Limitation ...27
Figure 2.12 Examples of Electrical Circuits in the Home ...28
Figure 3.1 Research Flow Diagrams ...35
Figure 4.1 Bar Chart of Pretest Data in Experimental and Control Class ...41
xi LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Lesson Plan ...52
Appendix 2 Lattice Work Based on Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy ...73
Appendix 3 Research Instrument ...89
Appendix 4 Questionnaire ...98
Appendix 5 Student Worksheet ...101
Appendix 6 Activities Sheet for Student Learning Outcomes ...104
Appendix 7 Descriptor on Observation of Students Learning Activities ...105
Appendix 8 Data Pretest of Experimental Class ...106
Appendix 9 Data Posttest of Experimental Class ...110
Appendix 10 Calculation of Mean Value and Standard Deviation in Experiment Class ...114
Appendix 11 Calculation of Mean Value and Standard Deviation in Control Class ...116
Appendix 12 Normality Test Calculation of Data ...118
Appendix 13 Homogenity Test Calculation of Data ...121
Appendix 14 Calculation of Hypothesis Test ...125
Appendix 15 Data of Activities of Students ...129
Appendix 16 Calculation of Activity the Students in Experiment Class ...135
Appendix 17 Calculation of Effectiveness of Using Virtual Simulation Media Combine With Experimental Method ...137
Appendix 18 Increasing of student’s learning achievement ...139
Appendix 19 List of Critical Value for Liliefors ...141
Appendix 20 List of Percentile Value for t- Distribution ...142
Appendix 21 Table of Area above the Normal Curve 0 to z ...143
1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION 1.1Background
Education is one of efforts to develop the intellectual life of the nation
and to improve the quality of human resources. Therefore, education plays an
important role towards the progress of a nation. This has been recognized both by
the government where so many efforts have been undertaken to improve the
quality of education in Indonesia. Such as curriculum improvement, teacher
quality improvement, provisioning the International/ Bilingual schools that have
the ability to competing and so forth.
Education is not just acquired in a short time, but it requires a learning
process. Learning is a process of one's efforts to obtain a new behavior changes as
a whole, as a result of his own experience in the interaction with the environment.
Therefore, researchers and other educators give the considerable time to
do a study on improving the quality of education, particularly in improving the
quality of teachers. As Slameto states that “the role of teachers has increased from
as a teacher became a director of learning process. As director of learning process,
duties and responsibilities of teachers are more increase, including increasing the
function of teachers as lesson planning, learning managers, appraisers learning outcomes, learning motivator, and as a mentor”.
Nowadays, when students do the learning, students are usually dominated
by the writing, recording, listening to the teacher explain and read a book. These
habits are only elements of writing or words that cause only the left brain are
working, while the right brain is not working at the time of study. This imbalance
makes the students think that learning is not fun. Same with learn physics at
school.
Physics teacher who gave lessons with lectures method, invite students to
read and memorize materials tend to make students feel bored, annoyed and a lack
of willingness in the minds of students for the depths. Teachers can make students
feel interested and motivated in many ways, one of which is to use the media and
2 media in teaching and learning and a desire to generate new interest, to encourage
motivation and stimulation of learning activities, and even take effect
-psychological effects on students.
According to demands of teacher professionalism, it still got the problem
that many teachers who lack knowledge of learning media as a means of
supporting learning success. On the other hand there are some teachers who are
already making use of learning media, but the shape and style is outdated or
unsatisfactory success.
According to the result of observation during the researcher running the
PPL (Experience Field Program) in SMA N 1 Perbaungan, the students consider that physics was “a scary” lesson. This means that students are worried that physics will make them not pass the national examination and also they do not
want to enter science class for the class X. According to the interview with the
physics teacher, the mark of the students three years ago have the average about
60.15, but when using the media a year ago like the power point, the mark of them
become increase and can achieve the mark average. But it’s average mark of the
student just 77.6 whereas the minimal achievement criteria at that school is 65.
The low physics student’s marks caused by students do not understand
the material that presented to them. From the main factor of a lack of student
learning outcomes in learning physics, it is necessary to increase learning
outcomes by combining experimental methods with media learning interesting
and fun. One of the instructional media will be given to students is assembled
media simulation of macromedia flash.
Physics is a subject that is difficult by students considered because
physics has a lot of formulas. This is caused because the students think the
formula is more important than the concept. Though students must first
understand the theories and concepts of Physics and then, from that concept,
students can understand how to solve problems in physics. Not just use the lecture
method alone, but also use experimental method so that the students better
understand the concepts of what is presented in theory. Lack of teacher that use
3 able to improve the students learning outcome. Researcher hope with using the
virtual simulation media and experimental method, the learning outcomes of
students can be increase more than two years before.
With the virtual simulation learning media combine with experimental
method, students can more easily understand the physics concepts that are
abstract. Based on these problems, it is necessary to research the title “The Effectiveness of using Virtual Simulation Media with Macromedia Flash Combine with Experimental Method to Improve Students’ Learning Outcomes in Dynamics Electric’s Subject for the First Grade of SMA N 1 Perbaungan A.Y. 2012/2013”.
1.2Problem Identification
Based on the background presented above, the problems identification in
this research is as follows:
1. The low of students' learning outcomes on physics topic.
2. Lack of teachers who use learning media as a means of supporting
successful learning.
3. Students’ activities are too passive with the usual learning.
1.3Problem Limitation
To focus the problems, these problems are limited to:
1. Solve the problem about the low of students' learning outcomes on physics
topic.
2. Use learning media as a means of supporting successful learning.
3. Students’ activities are too passive with the usual learning.
1.4Problem Formulation
Based on the background that has been said, the main problems that can
be concluded are:
4 electric’s subject for the first grade of SMA N 1 Perbaungan AY. 2012/2013?
2. How do students act to the using of virtual simulation media combine with
experimental method in dynamic electric’s subject?
1.5Research Objectives
Referring to the formulation of the problem, the purpose of this research
is:
1. Test the effectiveness of using virtual simulation media with macromedia
flash combine with experimental method with learning without the using
of virtual simulation media and experimental method to improve learning
outcomes in dynamic electric’s subject for the first grade of SMA N 1
Perbaungan AY. 2012/2013.
2. Knowing the students' activity to using of virtual simulation media
combine with experimental method in dynamic electric’s subject.
1.6Research Benefits
The benefits of this research hoped able to be empires proof about the
effectiveness of using virtual simulation media combine with experimental
method to improve students’ learning outcomes in physics. And the result can
used by the people that having an interest in this research.
1.7Operational Definition
1. The effectiveness comes from the word which means effectively, no
effect. Effectiveness in question in this research is the success of the action
that is successful in the use of virtual simulation media. Is it better if
students understand the concepts without virtual simulation media than if
they were given the virtual simulation media? Effectively demonstrated by
students' understanding of concepts better if given the media a virtual
5 2. Media is a virtual simulation program that provides a learning atmosphere
that resembles a simple situation or phenomenon (Rochman, 2007:38).
Computer will give a visual or an explanation of a situation and students
interact opportunity to respond to the situation. The simulation program
includes text, graphics, animation, sound, and issues appropriate and
useful to replace the real situation that cannot be done in virtual class.
Simulation used in this study were taken from the site did not pay
(freeware).
3. Understanding the concept is defined as an aspect refers to the ability to
understand and grasp a concept and then interpret the meaning of a
48 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion
Based on the research result, data analysis, and discussion so can
be concluded that :
1. The increasing of the mastery of dynamics electric topic to student
that using Virtual Simulation Media combine Experimental Method
significantly is higher than student who get without using Virtual
Simulation Media combine with experimental method.
Mean value of Experimental Class is 79.23 and mean value of
Control Class is 67.50.
2. Students at Experimental class is include to the active class in
learning process because the value of students activity is 67.27
3. Learning with using Virtual Simulation Media combine with
Experimental Method (Experimental Class) is more effective than
learning without Virtual Simulation Media combine with
Experimental Method (Control Class). It proved from the Gain of
Experimental Class (0.7) is higher than Control Class (0.4).
5.2 Suggestion
Based on research result and discussion before, researcher give
suggestions as follows :
1. Using Media Virtual Simulation combine with Experimental Method
to teach the students is crucial method, because teacher must know
how to manage the time for showing the media and combine
experimental, to make all stages is done well, it takes time allocation
as well as possible.
2. Media virtual simulation combine experimental method need
macromedia flash and practical instrument. So, teacher must provide
the simulation in macromedia flash before and then continued with
49 3. In experimental parts, teacher have to motivate the students in order
to brave to design the circuit of instrument in dynamics electric’s
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