Selanjutnya

SPECIFIC AGREEMENT

BETWEEN

THE GOVERNf.l.ENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

AND THE

GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM

ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ATA-251

"RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ENERGY"

========================================

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia

and

the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium,

Within the framework of the General Agreement on Technical Cooperation

of June 16, 1969,

Desiring to contribute to the development of Rural Energy,

WantinE to cooperate in the implementation of the project described

hereafter· :

Have agreed as follows

Article 1 - THE PROJECT

1.1. The present agreement aims at developing biomass energy from wood,

farming waste and water weeds taking into account the principle of

natural resource sustenance and making the rural sector less

dependent on oil.

1.2. In order to achieve these objectives, a research and development

programme consisting of two distinct parts will be set up :

a. pyrolisis of wood-wasts, fuel wood and, possibly, agricultural

waste ;

b. fermentation of wastestreams and production of biogas from

agricultural waste and particularly from water weeds.

1.3. The project is further described in the Terms of Reference attached

to this Specific Agreement and forming an integral part of it •

Article 2 - EXECUTING AGENCIES

2.1. The Belgian Government designates the Belgian Administration for

Development Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as B.A.D.C.) as

the agency responsible for the realization of its contribution to

the project. The B.A.D.C. is represented in Indonesia by the

Development Cooperation Section of the Belgian Embassy in Jakarta.

The B.A.D.C. may entrust experiences sub-contractor(s) to

imple-ment part of its contribution. Any sub-contractor and expert

shall be highly qualified and agreed by the Indonesian Government.

2.2. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia designates the Agency

for Forestry Research and Development, Department of Forestry, as

the agency responsible for the contribution to and operational

matters of the project.

Article

3 -

OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT

3.1. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium pledges to take an active

part in the realization of the different parts of the project for

which it is responsible and to take all required administrative

and budgetary measures to this end.

3.2.

The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall provide the

follo-wing experts :

a. the services of three long term experts as specified in the

attached Terms of Reference, each for a duration of 4 months

in Belgium and 22 months in Indonesia, including their salaries

and allowances, the expenses related to their journey to and

from Indonesia and their accomodation expenses in Bogor

one

of these experts will be the Belgian projectleader ;

b. the service of supervising short term experts for a total

du-ration of

3

times 2 weeks, including the expenses related to

their journey to ahd from Indonesia.

3.3.

Within the limits of the annual quota of scholarships and

trainee-ships attributed to Indonesia, the Government of the Kingdom of

Belgium shall grant

ｉｾ＠

- two scholarships covering a period of

3

years allowing the

can-didates to proceed to the Ph.D.-degree in Belgium ;

two traineeships for a six months practical training in Belgium.

The choice of the beneficiaries has to be a matter of mutual

agree-ment between both Governagree-ments.

3.4. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall provide the equip

-ment specified in the attached Terms of Reference, including its

freight and insurance charges up to the project site. The

instru-ments and equipment supplied by Belgium as its contribution to

the project will be utilized exclusively for the implementation of

the project and remain the property of Belgium for the whole

dura-tion of the project.

Before terminating the project, the Belgian and Indonesian

Govern-ments will consult each other on the future destination of these

equipment and instruments and on the modalities of transfer of

ownership_. to the Indonesian Government .

3.5.

The Belgian budgetary input to this project will be limited to

32

million Belgian Francs.

Article 4 - OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION OF THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT

4.1 . The contribution of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with

the prevailing laws and regulations comprises :

a. Offices, laboratory spaces, furniture , domestic telecommunication

facilities as required for the implementation of the project ,

b. the equipment and laboratory reagents as specified in the attached

Terms of Reference ,

c. the operation and maintenance cost for the offices and laboratory

as required for the implementation of the project ,

d. the appointment of four full time senior counterparts as specified

in the Terms of Reference, including the travel expenses related

to their duty ,

e. the laborants , fieldworkers and administrative and technical

personnel as required for the implementation of the project ;

f. lodging for the Belgian short term experts and supervisors ,

g. the cost of the agreed official project journeys within the

coun-try of the Belgian long- term experts , including service card and

drivers for official use if required .

4.2. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with the

prevailing laws and regulations, shall :

a. do its utmost so that the Indonesian counterparts will be in a

position to fully devote themselves to the Project for its

dura-ｾ

［ｯｮＬ＠

./

..

b. provide the Belgian experts with the exemptions and privileges

mentioned in article

7

of the General Agreement on Technical

Cooperation of June 16, 1969 ;

c. grant exoneration from all duties, other levies and taxes on

the technical apparatus and equipment mentioned in Article 3.4.

above, as agreed upon in Article 10 of the said General

Agree-ment

d. take care of the storage and the custody of the equipment

sup-plied by Belgium

e. provide the available reports, maps, library documents,

techni-cal data and other information required for the proper

implemen-tation of the project ;

f. issue the required agreements for the Belgian experts.

Article

5 -

CONTROL AND EVALUATION

5.1.

At any time, both Governments may supervise and/or control on the

spot the state of progress of the Project.

5.2.

Both Governments may review the aims, objectives of the Project and

if necessaTY discuss the main problems occuring during the

implemen-tation of the Project and where necessary may evaluate the Project

or part of its implementaion aspects.

5.3.

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia reserves the right to

request the Belgian Government to recall any of the consultant's

personnel in Indonesia whose services and/or activities are found

unsatisfactory or for reasons of miscpnduct, misbehaviour or

illness.

Article 6 - SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTE

Any dispute arising out of the interpretation or the implementation of

this Specific Agreement shall be settled amicably by consultation or

negotiation between the two Governments.

Article

7 -

ENTERING INTO FORCE AND VALIDITY

7.1.

This Specific Agreement shall enter into force on the date of

signing and remain in force until the completion of the Project •

7.2.

Amendments to this Specific Agreement may be made at any time with

the mutual consent of the two Governments by Exchange of Letters.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF,

the undersigned duly authorized have signed this Specific Agreement

Done at Brussel on april 13, 1984.

In two copies in the English language.

For the Government of the

Republic of Indonesia,

Signed

For the GoverilI1ent of the

ｾｯｭ＠

of Belgfum,

Signed

ATTACHM F.NT 1'0 Tl!F: "SPECIFIC AGREEMENT RF.TWF.F.N THE

GOVERNMENT OF THF: KINGDOM OF Bf.LGIUM AND THE

GO\fF.RN-MENT OF THE REPURLIC OF INDONESIA ON ｔｈｲｾ＠

IMPLEMENTA-TION OF

THE

PROJECT ATA-2 5 1 : RESEARCH AND

DEVF.LOP-MENT OR RURAL ENEHGY. 11

'

..

1.

PART I - PYROLISIS

OBJECTIVES

A research and development (R & D) program shall be launched with

the ｦｾｬｬｯｷｩｮｧ＠ objectives

a/ to design, supply, erect and operate an experimental bench-scale

pyrolisis unit. This unit will be of the ｣ｩｾ｣ｵｬ｡ｴｩｮｧ＠ fluidized

bed type which is actually . the most advanced and the mosc

versa-tile system to evaluate primary energy resources for producing

gas, . charcoal and tar.

The R

&

D program shall be primarily dedicated to study the use of

wood-wastes and

or

fast ｧｲｯｷｩｾｧ＠ fuel-wood species such as . ｣｡ｬｬｩ｡ｾﾭ

dra and leucaena. But it is clear that the same unit can

eventual-ly be used to study the pyrolisis . of appropriate ｡ｾｲｩ｣ｵｬｴｵｲ｡ｬ＠ wastes

(husks, ｳｴｲ｡ｷｾＬ＠ shells ｡ｾｳＮｯＩＬ＠ various household wastes and other

fuels like peat, lignite and coal.

b/ · To determine the optimum operating conditiQns and design parameters

in ｴｨｾ＠ pyrolisis of typical wastes of the wood industry or of the

rapid growing ｦｾ･ｬ＠ wood species.

Upon the conclusion ｾｦ＠ the R

&

0 program the necessary expertise

. to specify full scale pyrolisis ･ｱｵｩｾｭ･ｮｴ＠ suitable for prevailing

conditions will be available in Indonesia.

c/ ln a second phase of this project a ｰｩｬｯｴｾｳ｣ｨ･ｭ･＠ will be de.signed

and realized at a suitable site selected on a basis (1) of

availa-bility of raw ｭ｡ｴ･ｲｩ｡ｬｾ＠ and (11) in order to.cover urgent nee'ds ｾｮ＠

rural energy. This pilot s cheme shall for 7xample consist in a

ｷｯｯ､ｾｧ｡ｳ＠ driven electrical power generating set coping with the

. ....

-. -.

"

2.

2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

2.3.1.

MEANS

Experts

l

1

Belgian ･ｸｾ･ｲｴ＠ specialized in P.Yrolisis process and systems (this

expert ｷｩｬｾ＠ be the Belgian projectleaderJ;

Belgian expert specialized in ｰｾｯ､ｵ｣ｴ＠ evaluation ;

l Indonesian technical counterpart;

l Indonesian scientific counterpart;

\ '

Training

The Indonesian technical counterpart (2.1.) will be ｴｲ｡ｩｮ･ｾ＠ for

6 months in Belgium, in order to ｡｣ｱｵｩｲｾ＠ experience in similar

re-search program.

The Indonesian scientific counterpart should possess a training as

a chemical er.gineer and have an excellent academic record. He

wilt

be

trained in Belgium (Free Uni vers icy of Brussels) ic. ｴｨｾ＠

basic and applied aspects of pyrolisis.

The scholarship will cover a period of 3 years in order to ｡ｬｾｯｷ＠

the candidate to prepare a Ph.D . degree.

Equipment

The experimental bench scale pyrolisis unit will consist of the

'

following major ｰｩ･｣･ｾ＠ of equipment :

a fluidized bed reactor with electric heating and ther111al

insulation, together with a cyclone separator and

a

solids

recycling loop (reactor diameter in the range of 15 to 40 cm,

total height of the plant 200 to 250 ｣ｭｾＮ＠

a produ·ct cooler and condenser

2.3.2.

3.

3. l .

...

3.

Analytical equipment to characterize the liquid and solid products

to be specified and procured by B.

General laboratory equipment, glass, tools, chemicals a.s.o. to be

specified by B and procured by

I.

More precisely \

densic:ometers

v-iscosimec:ers

refractive index

ｾ＠ distillation unit

elemental analysis C, H, 0

calorimetric bomb (p.m.) for characterizing the wood tar

ｳ｣ｲ･ｾｮｩｮｧ＠ equipment

surface deter.Iii.nation according to the chromatographic version

of c:he BET-method

elemental analysis C, H, 0 (see above) for characc:erizing the

charcoal

laboratory scale chipper

agglomerating equipment (I, own construction)

briquetting press.

DEFINITION OF THE CONTRIBUTION

B •

Belgian contribution

I • Indonesian contribution

Expens

__ .,.._ ....

1 Belgian expert

4

months in

1 Belgian supervising expert

Belgium and 22 months in Indonesia

3

times 2 weeks

1 Belgian Coordinator,

3

times

Training 1 week

l Indonesian counterpart 6 monc:hs

i

Scholarship for 3 years

..

B

B

B

B

3.3.

3.4.

•

3.5.

Equipment

Design of the experimental pyrolisis unit

Buildings and fixed infrastructure for

bench scale pyrolisis ｰｬｾｮｴ＠ and. associated

laboratory

Procurement oi bench scale pyrolisis plane

and related equipment

Thermocouples temperature recorder and

controller

Gas chromatograph . with analytical columns

provided in part II,

Transport of equipment

Miscellaneous and unforeseen

'Operating Cost

Delivery and pretreatment of raw ｭ｡ｴ･ｾｩ｡ｬｳ＠

4.

\.

· - - 4 . .

Labour to operate and maintain the plant and the laboratory

equipment

Pressurized gases for gas chromatographic separation,

reactants, chemicals, catalyst

Standard laboratory equipment (drying ovens,

calcining furnaces, balances, centrifuges, etc • • • )

l B B B B B l l I I 1

A budget should be foreseen on the ｬｾ､ｯｮ･ｳｩ｡ｮ＠ ｾｩ､･＠ either to acquire

missing equipment or to have certain analyses performed by other

Indonesian Institutes •

Travel and Lodging

a. International travel -· - -= ｾＭ · - . •.

1 Belgian engineer 1· round trip.- ·

_,....

-·

... ..

-

...

1 Belgian supervising expert: 3 round tripe

·----1 Belgian Coordinator

3

round trips

2 Indonesian trainees l round t:rip " each

B

B

B

5.

b. Domestic travel all experts and counterparts

c. Lodging :

- long-term experts (22 months each)

- short-term experts

(3

times 2 weeks and

3.6.

Time Schedule Month

3

times 1 week)

I

B

I

1 - 4 Design, construction and skid mounting in Belgium.

Testing of the unit with model feedstock in the

presence of the Indonesian counterpart.

4 - 15 Dismantling, shipping, reassembling and start-up

in Indonesia. Experimental study of various

feedstocks.

16 - 20 Study of oxygen gasification.

1.

6.

PART II- FER.HENTATION

..

OBJECTIVES

TI\e program will consist out of two parts :

'

a/ · TI\e small experimental installation to demonstrate the feasibility

of high rate anaerobic digestion at ambient temperatures. Biogas

will be produced in an expanded bed reactor by treating wastestreams

such as rubber processing ･ｦｦｬｵ･ｮｴｾＬ＠ cassava processing .effluents,

sewage, aquatic weeds and eventual other agricultural wastes. The

installation will be mobile.

The main purpose of the installation is to adapt modern methode

di-gestion technology to Indonesian situations and to demonstrate its

potential to ｴｨｾ＠ Indonesian people. ｐ｡ｲｴｩ｣ｵｬ｡ｲＡｾ＠ ｡ｴｴｾｮｴｩｯｮ＠ is

there-by paid to the situation in Java, which has a low availability of

animal livestock, waste and an extremely high dema nd in terms of

food production for all available arable land.

b/ The pilot scale installation in rural community with demonstration

of the various applicabilities of the biogas.

Biogas will be produced from various types of biomass (straw, ·grass,

dung, etc ••• ) in a two-phase digester.

Particular emphasis will be laid upon the use of water weeds in

ge--•

neral and water hyacinths in particular as methanogenic substrates.

Indeed these plants have a very high ?reduction, constitute a

nui-sance to the. local population,and do not impede with any traditional

agricultural activity. It will be demonstrated how the biogas can

be used to cook, or to produce electric· power. The pilot

installa-tion will be conceived on the basis of the results ｯｾ＠ the

experi-mental installation at a scale sufficiently large to provide ｾｨ･＠

fuel to cook for at least S to 10 families, . or the electric power

to provide lighting to SO faalilies. This integrated installation._

should be installed in a relatively remote, non-electrified

, _ . _. .. . .

I.. 2..

I

2.3.l.

7.

ｾｬｅａｎｓ＠

t:xperts

l lielgian engineer specialized in bio-technology

l Belgian engineer specialized in rural energy

l lndonl!sian specialist in rural energy \

l Indonesian specialist in rural sociology

Training

The Indonesian technical counterpart (2.l . ) will be trained in

lielgium during b months, that is during the testing of the

experi-mental reacr:or • .

Une Indonesian universir:y graduar:e in the field of microbiology,

ｲ･ｲｾｬＡｮｲＺ｡ｲＺｩｯｮ＠ or chemical engineering will be r:rained in Belgium

(Stace Universir:y of Gent) in order to'masr:er r:he ｾ｡ｳｩ｣＠ as well as

the applied aspects of bio gas f ermentation •

•

The candidate ｳｨｯｵｾ､＠ have an excellent academic record.

The scholarship will cover a period of 3 year' in order to ｾ ＱＱｯｷ＠

the candidate to obtain a Ph.D . degree.

Equipment

a/ ｾｸｰ･ｲｩｭ･ｮｴ｡ｬ＠ mobile installation

The water containing dissolved organic matter at a concentr.ation

of 2 ｫｾ＠ｾｏｕＯｭｊ Ｎ＠ or more enters in a 0.4

m.3

biological control and

conditioning vessel. from r:he vessel, it is pumped through an

I

expanded bed methane reactors of ca. 2

mJ

ｶｯｬｵｾ Ｍ ｾｾｭ｢ｩ･ｮｲ＠

tem-perature) after which 'it flows· through a small decanter vessel

tt.2

mJ). The' gas produced ·(minimum 5 mJ/d) is collected in a

separate 2 m3 gas holder and will be used to try out various

..

•

/

. '

The construction material will be chosen in terms .of the local

sup-ply. The pump (1 - 10 m3 / d) will be powered either by electricity,

gas oil or gas.

The experimental plant will be conceived so that it later on can

be transported to other sites to demons crate the potential of

low-cost anaerobic treatment with energy recovery from soluble organic

matter. \

ｗｾｴｨ＠ this installation, various mechanical and chemical methods to

solubilize particulate organic Clatter, especially water weeds, will

be studied and opti!llized in relation to local conditions.

b/ Pilot Scale Installation

Readily decomposable organic wastes totaling ca. 200 kg dry matter/day

will be collected.

In relation to aquatic biomass, special low · cost·techniques to collect

biomass will have to be designed and constructed. The biomass will ·

be subjected to appropriate mechanical and chemical pretreatment

to ｾｯｮｶ･ｲｴ＠ the particulate polymeric organic matter to soluble direct

methanogenic subtrates. This too will have to be developed during

the project. The dissolved organic ｣ｯｭｰｯｾｮ､ｳ＠ will be converted to

biogas in· a high rate expanded bed reactor (10 - 20 m3 ｶｯｬｵｭ･Ｉｾ＠

The residue will be used as fertilizer for the rice tields or for

the aquatic plants. The installation· will also comprise a gas holder

(20 ｾＳＩ＠ and a gaspower electric genet"ator of 10 kW, as well as other

appliances to demonstrate the applicability of the biogas.

Materials

Harvesting equipment

Biomass solubilization equipment

l expanded bed reactor

l gasholder

1 recirculation PUillP

l gas filter box

--

...

..

2.3.2.

3.

3 .1.

3.2.

l 10 kW gas engine generacor

10 kicchen gas heacers (double fire)

10 gas flow mecers

pipes, manifolds, eleccricicy cables and other small items

- tool box

Laboratory Equipment and Reagents for Operation and Contl"'Ol

ph meter

- microscope, preferably provided with phase contrast and

inci-dent fluorescence of 420 mm

oven for dry weight determination (105 °C)

oven for ash concent determination (650°)

burrets for cicracion

centrifuges (10 000

x

g) for decenll.nacion of suspended solids

or ｯｴｨｾｲｾｩｳ･＠ paper filters

equipment and chemicals for analysis of cellulose, hemicellurose,

lignin, total N and tdtal P

chert110meters

chemical for COD, VFA, alkalinity determination

*

Kjeltec apparatus for determination of the COD and '{FA

*

gas chromatograph to analyze biogaz composition

*

chemicals to f loculate and illllllobilized methanogenic biomass

DEFINITION OF THE CONTRIBUTION

B • Belgian Contribution

•I • Indonesian Contribution

Experts

• ｾ＠ .. ' ｾＮ＠ " l. . . . , . _.,

2 Belgian Expe_rts 4 months in Belgium and. 22 .mo.iiths

in

Indonesia B

1 _{Belgian supervising expert. . _-,} times 2 wee\ta _ ·:- B

1 · Belgian Coordinator·,

3

times 2 weeks B·

Training

1 Indonesian

--- -

--

-·

... -.·.

-· 1 Scholafship

.-

...

ｾﾷ＠ -.-..

-counterpart 6

-

..

---·

...

-

..

for 3 years.

ｭｯｮｴｨｾ＠ _{.,: .}

-,

__

.. -.

'

I .

\ .

,,"·-: ...

-

. ﾷｾ＠

..

3.3.

3.3.l.

;;, .4.

Equipment

Installation in the field

Selection and provision of the sites, ､･ｾ｡ｩｬ･､＠

specification about the type and amounts of

subtrates, provision of the substrates and

10.

labor to operate and ai.aintain the installation, '

general infrastructure of the sites,

trans-portation of the experts

Design of both the experit11ental and pilot

digester by Belgian engineering experts

---:..---

..

Procurement af experimental biogas plant

·and related equipment

--· ..

---Procurement of ･ｸｰ･ｲｩｾ･ｮｴ｡ｬ＠ biogas ｾｬ｡ｮｴ＠

and related ｟ ･ｱｵｩｰｾ･ｮｴ＠

liioai.ass harvesting equipment and other

miscellaneous equipment

Laboratory equipment and reagent

indicated in 2.3.2. by

-indicated in 2.3.2. by

*

(the equipment will be bought in Belgium

and after proper adjustment and

standar-dization shipped to Indonesia).

Transportation of equipment

ｾｬｩｳ｣･ｬｬ｡ｮ･ｯｵｳ＠ and unforeseen

Travel and Lodging

a. International travel

l ｾ･ｬｧｩ｡ｮ＠ engineers · 2 round irips

1 'lielgian supervising expert 3 round trips

1

Belgian Coordinator ｾ＠ round trips.

ｾ＠ Indonesian trainees 1 round trip each

·- ----

. ... .

I

Ｍ ｾ＠

...

11.

b. Domestic travel all experts and counterparts I

c. Lodging :

• 2 Belgian long term experts 22 months each B

• 2 Belgian short term experts

(6

times 2 weeks) I

3.5.

Time Schedule

Month

1 -

6

3 - 6

6 -

12

Training in Belgium of the Indonesian counterpart

Design and preparation of technical specifications

of the equipment.

Start up in Indonesia and delivery of equipment.

12 - 22 Evaluation of experimental reactor and installation

of pilot reactor.