{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT }
AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY THE
MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE AVENGERS” MOVIE
(Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment for Requirements For The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
By:
Hernanda Rustanto
C0310030
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT }
THESIS APPROVAL
AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE AVENGERS” MOVIE
(Pragmatics Approach)
By:
Hernanda Rustanto C0310030
Thesis Supervisor
Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A., Ph.D. NIP. 19590505 198601 2 001
Head of English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT }
AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE AVENGERS” MOVIE
(Pragmatics Approach)
By:
Hernanda Rustanto C0310030
Accepted and Approved by The Board of Examiners Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University On 29 June, 2016
Positions Name Signature
Chairman Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 196708301993021001 (………)
Secretary Bayu Budiharjo SS. M.Hum
NIK. 1985010120130201 (………)
First
Examiner
Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 195905051986012001 (………)
Second
Examiner
Dr. Sri Marmanto, M.Hum
NIP. 195009011986011001 (………)
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT } PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Hernanda Rustanto NIM : C0310030
I stated that this thesis entitled “An Analysis of Request Expressions
Employed by The Main Characters in The Avengers Movie“ is originally written
by the researcher and it is not a plagiarism. The previous works related to this thesis are all written in the form of quotations and included in the bibliography.
If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect, I am ready to accept the consequence.
Surakarta, June 2016
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT } MOTTOS
"If you want something you have never had, you must be willing to do something you have never done."
Thomas Jefferson
For with God nothing shall be impossible. "Sebab bagi Tuhan tidak ada yang mustahil."
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT } DEDICATION
This Thesis is dedicated to:
My Parent Drs Heri Rustanto and Sri Mukti Wahyuningsih,
My Older Sister Hena Pratica Ayu Rustanto
&
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT } ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to give my best praise as the biggest gratitude and blessing by saying Puji Tuhan to my Jesus Christ giving me the guidance for every aspect in my life. I would like to thank to Him especially for this precious opportunity to do my best in my thesis entitled “An Analysis of Request Expressions Employed by The Main Characters in The Avengers Movie“. Without Him, I have no any power and ability to finish my thesis. I would also like to give my deepest thanks to the people who had helped me in finishing this thesis.
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University. Thank you for approving my thesis. 2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, PhD, the Head of English Department, who
has approved my thesis.
3. My thesis supervisor, Dra. Diah Kristina M.A., P.hd. I am so grateful for your assistance and suggestions during the process finishing my thesis.
4. Prof. Dr Djatmika M.A., my academic supervisor. Thank you for your assistance in academic.
5. All of the lecturers of English Department Program for the valuable knowledge, the inspiring story, and the experiences that they have shared. 6. Thank you for my beloved parents, Drs Heri Rustanto and Sri Mukti
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT }
you for your patience and I am sorry for making you to wait this moment for a long time.
7. My older sisters, Hena Pratica Ayu Rustanto for mocking and disturbing me in the process of finishing my thesis.
8. My beloved would be future wife, Cyrilla Kinanti Werdiningtyas, thank you for your love and support.
9. The family of English Department 2010 for sharing and giving academic discussions, especially Marta and Chaca for helping me finish this thesis. 10.All linguistics student of English Department. Thank you for sharing
knowledge.
11.Everyone who is not mentioned above but has a big contribution to my thesis yet, thank you.
Surakarta, June 2016
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT } TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
THE APPROVAL OF THESIS SUPERVISOR ... ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ... iv
B. Research Questions ... 4
C. Research Objectives ... 4
D. Research Limitation ... 4
E. Research Benefits ... 4
F. Research Methodology ... 5
G. Thesis Organization... 6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Pragmatics ... 7
B. Context ... 8
C. Speech Act ... 9
1. Definition of Speech Acts ... 9
2. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ... 10
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT }
D. Request ... 12
E. Classification of Request ... 12
1. Category I (Indirect Request) ... 12
2. Category II (Hearer-Oriented Condition) ... 13
3. Category III (Speaker-Based On Condition) ... 15
4. Category IV (Direct Request) ... 15
E. Politeness ... 17
F. Review of Related Study ... 19
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Design ... 21
B. Research Location ... 22
C. Source of Data and Data ... 22
D. Sample and Sampling Technique ... 23
E. Technique of Data Collection ... 24
F. Data Coding ... 25
G. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 26
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Data Analysis ... 27
B. Discussion ... 64
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion ... 68
B. Suggestion ... 70
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT } LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 ... 17
Table 4.1 ... 28
Table 4.2 ... 28
{ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT } ABSTRACT
Hernanda Rustanto. 2016. An Analysis of Request Expressions
Employed by The Main Characters in “The Avengers” Movie (Pragmatics
Approach). Thesis: English Department of Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas Maret University.
This research was conducted to analyse Request Expressions Employed by The Main Characters in “The Avengers” Movie. The objectives of this research are to find the types of speech act request and to what extent the main characters employ speech act request using politeness strategy in “The Avengers” movie.
This research belongs to descriptive qualitative method. It uses purposive sampling or criterion-based sampling technique. The data of this research were taken from the conversations of the movie. The data are clauses or sentences containing speech act request.
Based on the data analysis, the results can be concluded as follows; there are 3 categories of speech act request, those are Category 4 Directive (75.61%), Category 3 Speakers-Based Condition category (17.07%) and Category 2 Hearer-Oriented Condition (7.32%). Second, there are 2 kinds of politeness used in employing speech act request. They are Bald-on record politeness strategy (this strategy is used because the speaker and the hearer have a close relationship, equal status or equal power or in urgent situation), and Positive politeness strategy (this strategy is used by the speaker to get closer to the hearer, to avoid the disagreement, the social distance between the participants is not close enough. Besides, it is used to minimize the imposition his/her request)
