Introduction to the computer
Com put er is an elect ronic device t hat can receive dat a input and t hat can receive dat a input and process it t o get t he result as an inform at ion
inform at ion
El t i D t P i ( EDP) i
Elect ronic Dat a Processing ( EDP) is a m anipulat ion from a row dat a t f l I f t i
Introduction to the computer
Dat a Processing Cycle
I NPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Com put er Syst emp y
Hardware Soft ware Brainware
Introduction to the computer
Com put er Syst em is a collect ion of hardw are and soft w are com ponent s hardw are and soft w are com ponent s designed t o provide an effect ive t ool for com put at ion
for com put at ion.
H d i t l i t d t
Introduction to the computer
consist of t hree basic com ponent s:M
»Mem ory
»Cent ral Processing Unit ( CPU) I t / O t t d i
Introduction to the computer
Introduction to the computer
Ce n t r a l Pr oce ssor Un it ( CPU)
Coordinat ing all com put er operat ions
Coordinat ing all com put er operat ions Perform ing arit hm et ic and logical
d
operat ions on dat a
Cont ains t wo subcom ponent s Ar it h m e t ic/ Logic Un it ( ALU)
– Carries on all t ypes of calculat ion – Carries on all t ypes of calculat ion ( arit hm et ic and logical operat ions)
Introduction to the computer
Con t r ol Un it ( CU)
– Cont rols t he act ions of t he ot her – Cont rols t he act ions of t he ot her
com ponent s.
– Exam plesExam ples, Operat ingOperat ing underunder t het he cont rolcont rol ofof inst ruct ions from t he program m er ( t hese inst ruct ions reside in m em ory) , t he cont rol unit
d t t b d f t h i t d i
Introduction to the computer
I n pu t D e vice s
Ke yboa r d D e vice s Ke yboa r d D e vice s
Poin t in g D e vice s:
Introduction to the computer
Opt ica l Re a din g D e vice s:
OCR ( Opt ical Charact er Recognit ion) OCR ( Opt ical Charact er Recognit ion)
opt ical m ark reader, opt ical
h t d h d i t
Introduction to the computer
M a gn e t ic Re a din g D e vice s
EFT ( Elect ronic Funds Transfer) : EFT ( Elect ronic Funds Transfer) :
aut om at ic deposit , aut om at ic
t f A t t d T ll
t ranfer, Aut om at ed Teller Machine ( ATM)
Introduction to the computer
Ou t pu t D e vice s
D ispla ye d Ou t pu t D e vice s : D ispla ye d Ou t pu t D e vice s :
Display Screen, Monit or, Cat hode Ray
b ( C ) d l l
Tube ( CRT) , Video Display Term inal ( VDT)
Pr in t e r s :t e s
Line Print ers, Charact er Print ers, Page Print ers
Introduction to the computer
Spe e ch Ou t pu t D e vice s
Plot t e r s
Plot t e r s
Introduction to the computer
Every com put er com es w it h a cert ain
am ount of st orage bot h int ernal
am ount of st orage, bot h int ernal
st orage ( m em ory) , and ext ernal/ secondary st orage
secondary st orage.
The t w o form s of st orage differ in
Introduction to the computer
Program current ly in execut ion, along w it h som e of t he dat a required for w it h som e of t he dat a required for
execut ion, m ust be reside in
Introduction to the computer
M AI N M EM ORY
Re a d On ly M e m or y ( ROM ) : Re a d On ly M e m or y ( ROM ) :
– St ores inform at ion perm anent ly ( t l t il )
(not volat ile) .
– St ores t he boot inst ruct ions needed t o st art - up t he com put er when it is swit ch on.
Introduction to the computer
Ra n dom Acce ss M e m or y ( RAM ) :
I ll l t il
– I s usually volat ile m em ory.
Introduction to the computer
Ca ch e M e m or y
Checked by t he processor prior t o Checked by t he processor prior t o looking for a needed program inst ruct ion or dat a in regular RAM
Hardware Development
First Generat ion ( 1946- 1959)
Second Generat ion ( 1960 1965)
Second Generat ion ( 1960- 1965)
Third Generat ion ( 1966- 1975)
Fourt h Generat ion ( 1975 - Now )
Accessories
Software Development
Syst em Soft w are
operat ing syst em - operat ing syst em - ut ilit y syst em
Software Development
Ope r a t in g Syst e m
Wit hout operat ing syst em a soft w are Wit hout operat ing syst em , a soft w are
applicat ion or a program language
soft w are can‘t com m unicat e wit h t he soft w are can t com m unicat e wit h t he com put er.
Software Development
Th e r e a r e six ba sic fu n ct ion s t h a t a n ope r a t in g syst e m ca n pe r for m :
ope r a t in g syst e m ca n pe r for m :
1. Schedule Jobs
2 Manage Hardw are and Soft w are
2. Manage Hardw are and Soft w are
Resources
3 Maint ain Syst em s Securit y 3. Maint ain Syst em s Securit y
4. Enable Mult iple User Resource Sharing
H dl I t t
5. Handle I nt errupt s
Software Development
Ut ilit y Pr ogr a m s
Ut ilit i bl t fil
Software Development
La n gu a ge Pr ogr a m m in g
There are t hree different kind of There are t hree different kind of Language program m ing:
M a ch in e la n gu a ge
Low le ve l la n gu a geg g
Assem bler
H i h L l l
H igh Le ve l la n gu a ge
Fort ran, Lisp, Algol, Cobol, RPG, Basic, Pascal, Prolog, C Mat lab et c
Software Development
M a ch in e La n gu a ge
A com put er 's nat ive language cont aining A com put er s nat ive language, cont aining
inst ruct ions t hat are binary num bers.
I t is difficult for hum an t o learn and use.
Software Development
A m achine language inst ruct ion conveys
t he operat ion t o p perform and t he p operands, p , or m em ory cells, t hat are t o t ake part .
Exam ple, com put e t he cost of an it em
Software Development
001 Load Copy the value of the memory cell addressed into the accumulator
010 St ore Copy the value of the accumulator into the word addressed
Replace the present value of the accumulator
011 Add
Replace the present value of the accumulator with the sum of its present value and the value of the memory cell addressed
…
111 Halt Terminate execution 111 Halt Terminate execution
Software Development
Asse m bly La n gu a ge
I s program m ing language in English like I s program m ing language in English- like
abbreviat ions
Lat er be convert ed int o m achine code by program 's t ranslat or called assem blers
Software Development
Exam ple, adds t o num ber and st ore in anot her variable
Software Development
H igh - Le ve l La n gu a ge
A program m ing language w hose A program m ing language w hose
inst ruct ions resem ble every day language
Has a la n gu a ge st a n da r d t hat describe t he gram m at ical for m ( synt ax) of t he t he gram m at ical for m ( synt ax) of t he language
Software Development
Exam ple, BASI C, C, C+ + , COBOL, FORTRAN, LI SP, PASCAL, Java, , ,
Exam ple of C+ + code,p ,
Software Development
Soft w are Applicat ion
Present at ion
o Present at ion
o I m age processing
M lt i di
o Mult im edia
Software Development
Present at ion applicat ion
Anim at ion W H Y POW ER POI N T
I nt erest ing
Can be em bedded from anot her soft ware applicat ions s ch as o d I nt erest ing
present at ion applicat ions, such as w ord,excell, pict ure, video, audio, et c
Goal
Software Development
I m age processing applicat ion
Mat lab Ad
oculos
Halcon
Vist a
Mega
I m age pro plus
Khoros Mega
Software Development
I m age processing applicat ion
Easy t o program M ATLAB
W H Y
Many library especially for im age processing
Can be com piled w it h C+ + com piler
I nt eract ive program
p p
Software Development
cont rol Video
Tools player
cont rol Video
Software Development
I n t e r n e t
ld id ll t i f t
worldw ide collect ion of com put ers connect ed t oget her by a net w ork com m unicat ion channel
com m unicat ion channel.
Software Development
Sit e s
anot her form of com m unicat ion t o access anot her form of com m unicat ion t o access
ot her people’s files or inform at ion
W or ld W ide W e b ( W W W )
Software Development
• To visit t he sit e, w e m ust have
Web Address / Uniform Resource – Web Address / Uniform Resource
– Com put er, com m unicat ing devices ( MODEM, LAN card) and web
Software Development
• W e b br ow se r
• A program t hat allows us t o t ype • A program t hat allows us t o t ype
t he address and send m essages askingg for inform at ion from t hat sit e.
• Browser com panies:p Microsoft ’s
