DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Irianto K. Epidemiologi penyakit menular dan tidak menular panduan klinis. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta, 2014: 468-72.
2. Putri MH, Herijulianti E, Nurjannah E. Ilmu Pencegahan Penyakit Jaringan Keras dan Jaringan Pendukung Gigi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2010: 220-2.
3. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data Prevalence of tobacco us 2015).
4. Jain CD et al. Comparative analysis of periodontal health status by CPI Index in cigarette somkers and non-smokers. International Journal of Advanced Health Science 2014; 1(1): 2-5.
5. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS), 2013: 132-5.
6. Alamsyah RM. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan merokok dan hubungannya dengan status periodontal remaja di kota Medan tahun 2007. Tesis. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2009: 31-4.
7. Sitepoe M. Usaha mencegah bahaya merokok. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1997: 7-10. 8. Bustan MN. Menejemen pengendalian penyakit tidak menular. Jakarta: PT
Rineka Cipta, 2015:261-70.
9. Ng M, et al. Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012. J American Med Assoc 2014; 311(2): 183-92.
10. Jacob SP. Smoking as a risk factor for periodontitis: A literature review. Rev Odonto J 2010; 25(4): 406-11.
11. Neto JBC, Rosa EF, Pannuti CM, Romito GA. Smoking and periodontal tissues: a review. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26(1): 25-31.
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2010; 14(1): 72-8.
14. Kolte AP, Kolte RA, Laddha RK. Effect of smoking on salivary composition and periodontal status. Jorunal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2012; 16(3): 350-2.
15. Arowojulu MO, Fawole OI, Dosumu EB, Opeodu OI. A comparative study of oral hygiene status of smokers and non-smokers in Ibadan, Oyo state. Nigerian Medical Journal 2013; 54(4): 240-3.
16. Gautam DK, Jindal V, Gupta SC, Tuli A, Kotwal B, Thakur R. Effect of cigarette smoking on the periodontal health status: A comparative, cross sectional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15(4): 383-7.
17. Rajali M, Palmer RM, Coward P, Wilson RF. A retrospective study of periodontal disease severity in smokers and non-smokers. British Dent Journal 2005; 198(8): 495-8.
18. Abu M. The effect of smoking on periodontal disease: An evidence-based comprehensive literature review. Journal of Stomatology 2014; 4: 33-41.
19. Bergstrom J, Eliasson S, Dock J. Exposure to tobacco smoking and periodontal health. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2000; 27(1): 61-8.
20. Tomar SL, Asma S. Amoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: finding from NHANES III. National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. J Periodontol 2000; 71(5): 743-51.
21. Erdemir EO, Sonmez IS, Oba AA, Bergstorm J, Caglayan O. Periodontal health in children exposed to passive smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37(2): 160-4. 22. Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL. Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed.,
Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2007: 97.
23. Shetty AC. Patiens’ awareness of the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene 2015; 7(5): 60-3.
25. Novak MJ, Novak KF, Preshaw PM. Smoking and periodontal disease. In: Carranza FA ed. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. Ed 11., Missouri: Elsevier, 2012: 294-301.
26. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesian Nomor. 1022/MENKES/SK/XI/2008. Tentang Pedoman Pengendalian Penyakit Paru Obstruktif. 11-4.
27. The Tobacco Atlas. Our largest objective is to dramatically reduce the
consumption of combustible cigarettes. September 2015).
28. Wigand JS. Additives, cigarette design and tobacco product regulation. Japan : Kobe, 2006: 2-42.
29. Geiss O, Kotzias D. Tobacco, cigarettes and cigarette smoke. Italy: Luxembourg, 2007: 1-10.
30. Wibowo A, dkk. Kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia konsep, aplikasi dan tantangan. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, 2014: 323-9.
31. Kusuma ARP. Pengaruh merokok terhadap kesehatan gigi dan rongga mulut. Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Unisula 2013; 1-8.
32. Pejcic A, Obradovic R, Kesic L, Kojovic D. Smoking and periodontal disease a review. Journal of Medcine and Biology 2007; 14(2): 53-9.
33. Lawande SA. Effect of smoking on periodontal therapy. International Jorunal of Health Science and Research 2014; 4(5): 248-58.
34. Torkzaban P, Khalili Z, Ziaei N. Smoking and periodontal disease. Avicenna J Dent Res 2013; 5(2): 1-7.
35. Javed F, Ahmed HB, Romanos GE. Assotiation between environmental tobacco smoke and periodontal disease: A systematic review. Environmental Research 2014; 133: 117-22.
36. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT), 2004: 128.
38. Eley BM, Soory M, Manson JD. The aetiology of periodontal disease. In: Periodontics. 6th ed., Missouri: Elsevier, 2010: 36-41.
39. Jenco RJ. Risk factor for periodontal disease. In: BC Decker Periodontal Medcine. London: BC Decker Inc, 2000: 12-9.
40. Taggart EJ, Perry DA. Gingival disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL. Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2007: 102-8.
41. James E. Hinrichs and M. John Novak. Classification of disease and conditions
affecting the periodontium. In: Carranza FA ed. Carranza’s Clinical
Periodontology. Ed 11., Missouri: Elsevier, 2012: 34-42.
42. Taggart EJ, Perry DA. Periodontal disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL. Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2007: 124-5.
43. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Ed ke-4., Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto, 2011: 368.
44. Dahlan MS. Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian kedokteran dan kesehatan. Ed ke-3., Jakarta: Salemba Medika, 2010: 21.
45. Perry DA. Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease. In: Perry AD, Beemsterboer PL. Periodontology for the dental hygienist. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2007: 48-9.
46. Reimondos et al,. Smoking and Young Adults in Indonesia. The 2010 Greater Jakarta Transition of Adulthood Survey 2010: 1-6.
47. World Heath Organization (WHO). The Global Adult Tobacco Survey : Indonesian Report 2011, 2011 : 14-35.
48. The Health and Social Care and Information Centre National Statistic UK. Preventive behavior and risks to oral health – a report from the adult dental health survey, 2011: 7-13.
49. Peeran et al., Periodontal status and risk factors among adults of sebha city (Libya). International Journal of Dentistry 2012; 1-5.
attitudes, and behavior of adults in China. International Dental Journal 2005; 55: 231-41.
51. Singh S, et al,. Association between tobacco smoking and periodontal status among bank employees of Meerut city. Journal of Dental Research and Review 2015; 2(2): 67-9.
52. Pereira A, Castro A, Ramos Q, Alves C. Effect of cigarette smoking on oral hygiene status. Rev Odonto Cienc 2013; 28(1): 4-7.
53. Petrovic M et al,. Comparative analysis of smoking influence on periodontal tissues in subjects with periodontal disease. Journal of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2013; 25(3): 196-8.
54. Anil SW et al,. Oral hygiene status and periodontal treatment needs of Nigerian male smokers. TAF Prev Medicine Bulletin 2010; 9(2): 107-12.
55. Warnakulasuraiya S, et.al,. Oral heatlh risk of tobacco use and effects of cessation. International Dental Journal 2010; 60(1): 7-30.
56. Gaphor SM, Ali SH, Abdullah MJ. Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1beta
(IL-1β) Level in Relation to the Periodontal Status in Smoker and Non-smoker Individuals. J Interdiscpl Med Sci 2014; 2(3): 1-5.
57. Camargo et al,. Level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gingival crevicular fluid from smokers and non-smokers in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis disease. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene 2015; 7(5): 54-9.
