CHALLENGE OF BIOFUEL AS
TRANSPORTATION FUEL IN INDONESIA
Zarrah Duniani
Research & Development
Processing Directorate
zduniani@pertamina.com
Asian Petroleum Technology Symposium
Vietnam, February 18-20, 2009
Mas Putra Agung
Technology Process Services
Processing Directorate
OUTLINE
∆
∆
GOVERNMENT ENERGY POLICY
GOVERNMENT ENERGY POLICY
∆
∆
BACKROUND OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRAM
BACKROUND OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRAM
∆
∆
PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRESS
PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRESS
∆
3
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY ON DEVELOPING BIOFUEL
The Presidential Instruction No. 1/ 2006 on
preparing and using of Biofuel
as alternative fuel
The Ministerial of ESDM Regulation
No. 32/2008
on preparing, using and managing the market
of biofuel as an alternative fuel
The Presidential Instruction No. 1/ 2006
on
preparing and using of Biofuel
as alternative fuel
The Ministerial of ESDM Regulation
No. 32/2008
on preparing, using and managing the market
of biofuel as an alternative fuel
IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION
The Presidential Decree No. 10/2006
on forming The National Team for
Biofuel Development
to increase the domestic income
The Presidential Decree No. 10/2006
on forming The National Team for
Biofuel Development
to increase the domestic income
Reg No. 30/2007
On:
Energy:
- Diversification
- Conservation
Reg No. 30/2007
On:
Energy:
- Diversification
- Conservation
TARGET: ENERGY MIX 2025
TARGET: ENERGY MIX 2025
(The Presidential Decree No. 5/2006)
Coal , 33%
Gas, 30%
Fuel, 20%
Geothermal, 5%
Biomass, Nuclear,
Hydro,
Solar Energy, wind,
5%
Coal Liquefaction, 2%
BF 5%
BF 5%
•BLUEPRINT/
ROADMAP
•RECOMMENDA
TION
•EVALUATION
•BLUEPRINT/
ROADMAP
•RECOMMENDA
TION
•EVALUATION
RE,17%Coal , 33% Gas, 30% Oil, 20% Biofuel, 5% Geothermal, 5%
Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro Solar Energy, Wind Power, 5% Coal Liquefaction 2% RE,17% Natural Gas, 28.57% Coal, 15.34% Oil 51.66% Geothermal, 1.32% Hydro Power, 3.11%
ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025
ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025
OPTIMIZING
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
National (Primary) Energy Mix
National (Primary) Energy Mix of 2025
(BaU Scenario)
Energy Mix Year 2025
(Perpres No. 5/2006)
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
Gas, 20.6% Coal 34.6% Oil, 41.7% Geothermal, 1.1%
Mini/micro Hydro Power Plant, 0.1% Power Plant, 1.9%
National Energy Mix 2025
(Presidential Decree
Scenario)
TYPE OF
FOSSIL
ENERGY
RESOURCES
RESERVES
PRODUCTION
R/P
(YEARS)
Oil
86.9 billion bbl
9.1
387 million bbl
23
Gas
384.7 TSCF
185.8
2.95 TSCF
62
Coal
57.8 billion Ton
19,3
132 Million Ton
146
NON FOSSIL
ENERGY
RESOURCES
EQUIVALEN
T
UTILIZATION
INSTALLED
CAPACITY
Hydro
845 Million BOE
75,670 MW
6,851,000 MWh
4,200 MW
Geothermal
219 Million BOE
27,000 MW
2,593,500 MWh
807 MW
Mini/Micro hydro
458.75 MW
458.75 MW
54 MW
Biomass
49,810 MW
302.4 MW
Solar
4.8
kWh/m
2
/day
5 MW
Wind
9,287 MW
0.5 MW
Uranium 24.112
Tons*
3 GW
ENERGY RESOURCES
(January 2006)
ENERGY DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM
ENERGY DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM
Types of fuel
Household
Transportation
Industry
Power Plant
• Gas
¾LPG
√
√
√
–
¾BBG
√
√
√
√
• Coal
¾Coal
√
–
√
√
¾Briquet
√
–
√
–
¾Coal gasification
√
√
√
√
¾Coal liquefaction
–
√
√
√
• Biofuel
¾Bio-ethanol
–
√
–
–
¾Bio-diesel
√
√
√
√
¾Bio-oil
√
–
√
√
• Geothermal
√
–
–
√
• Other Renewable
Energy
¾Biomass
√
–
–
√
¾Nuclearr
–
–
–
√
¾Water
–
–
–
√
¾Solar cell
√
√
–
√
¾Wind
–
–
–
√
¾CBM
√
√
√
√
¾Hidrogen / Fuel Cell
–
√
–
√
¾Oil Shale
–
√
√
√
BIOFUEL COMMODITIES
9
Palm
9
Jatropha Curcas
9
Sugarcane
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR PALM
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR JATROPHA CURCAS
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR SUGARCANE
POTENTIAL LAND FOR CASSAVA PLANTATION
(million hectares)
Potential land
: < 75 ha
: 75 – 200 ha
: 201 – 400 ha
: 401 – 1.800 ha
Environment :
Earth Climate :Ozone Depletion
Global Warming/atmospheric
pollution
Energy Security
Regulation:
Ratified Kyoto, Montreal
Overcome energy and resource shortage
Reduction in oil import, subsidy
Improvement Efficiency
Non-Fossil/alternative Fuel
Value added:
Employee, Customer,
Stakeholder, Public
Continuous development / improvement and production :
-Fuel Business Atm. Pollution Reduction :Cleaner & Quality Fuels
-Non Fuel Business Envi. (Non-ODS, Non-GWP) products
Support government
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Unleaded Gasolines :
UL Premium-88,
UL Premix-92 (later changed as
Pertamax-92),
UL Super TT-98 (later changed as
Pertamax Plus-95)
are supplied from Balongan Refinery
since 2001 for Jakarta & surrounding
cities.
In 2002, UL
gasolines
supply are
extended for
Depok, Bali,
Batam and
Cirebon.
In Aug 2005, a 52
MBSD
Balongan Blue
Balongan Blue
Sky Project
Sky Project
was
commissioned, and
imported HOMC
volume is significantly
reduced. This project
was proposed to the
Government since
February 1996
February 1996
.
PERTAMINA
stopped
producing
leaded Gasoline
0
1
2
2004
Jun-06
Gradually from
2004 till June 2006,
the TEL content in
Premium-88 was
reduced from 1.8
to 0.3 cc/USG.
TEL content
CNG :
BBG
1990
LPG :
V-Gas
Biofuel:
BioPertamax
2008
Biofuel:
BioPremium, BioSolar
Euro-2
Gasoline,
Diesel*
2012
Euro-4
Gasoline
PERTAMINA’S IN DEVELOPING CLEAN ENERGY FOR TRANSPORTATON FUELS
HAD BEEN A LONG JOURNEY & COMMITTED TO CONTINUE DOWN THE ROAD
*Note : Perta-Dex
Solar-48
BACKGROUND OF PERTAMINA’S BIOFUEL
PROGRAM
• Presidential Instruction No.1/2006 to 13 central and regional
government institutions on supply and utilization of biofuels as
alternative energy (January 2006)
• Presidential Regulation No.5/2006 on National Energy Policy, calling
for 5% biofuels in the energy mix by 2025 (January 2006)
• Presidential Decree No.10/2006, established by the National Team
for Biofuels Development to coordinate industry expansion (July
2006)
• SK Dirjen Migas 3675K/DM/2006 re. Specification & 3674K/DM/2006
• SNI (Indonesian Standard)
• PERTAMINA‘s Commitment to provide green fuel and energy
diversification by utilizing renewable biofue
• Min ESDM regulation No 32/2008,a mandatory to blend 5% biofuels
in fuels if Fame and etanol available
15
1. BIO SOLAR
(B5)
The Minister of ESDM and The BOD of Pertamina launched
the mass selling of Bio Solar for industry in Jakarta on May
20, 2006 and followed it in Surabaya and Denpasar on
November 11, 2008.
LAUNCHING OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS
2.
BIO PERTAMAX (E5)
It launched to the market place in Jakarta on December 11,
2006,and Surabaya and Malang and Denpasar.
Launching of Bio Solar in Jakarta on May 20, 2006
by HE The Minister of ESDM, Mr. Purnomo Yusgiantoro
3.
BIO PREMIUM (E5)
It launched in Malang on August 13, 2006 and then in
Jakarta for 13 stations.
Launching of Bio Pertamax, in Jakarta
December 11, 2006
Launching of Bio Pertamax and Bio Solar in Denpasar on November 13, 2007
PERTAMINA
BIOFUELS
BIOSOLAR :
BIOSOLAR :
--
FAME blended solar/diesel oils (5% FAME)
FAME blended solar/diesel oils (5% FAME)
Properties according to Minister of Energy and Mineral
Resources Degree N0.3675K/24/DJM/2006, March 17, 2006
BIODIESEL / Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono
BIODIESEL / Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono
-
-
alkyl
alkyl
esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other
esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other
biomass
biomass
-
-
derived oils that shall be technically proven and
derived oils that shall be technically proven and
approved for use in diesel engines, with quality
approved for use in diesel engines, with quality
specifications in accordance with the SNI( Indonesia
specifications in accordance with the SNI( Indonesia
National Standards )
National Standards )
Most of biodiesel in Indonesia derived from Palm oil.¥
Other feedstock are Coconut oil and Jatropa
y
BIOPREMIUM
BIO PERTAMAX :
BIO PERTAMAX :
Etanol
Etanol unhydrous
denaturated (99.5%purity)
denaturated (99.5%purity)
blended Pertamax (3
blended Pertamax (3
-
-
5% Etanol)
5% Etanol)
BIOPREMIUM :
BIOPREMIUM :
Etanol
Etanol unhydrous
denaturated (99.5%purity)
denaturated (99.5%purity)
blended Premium (3
blended Premium (3
-
-
5% Etanol)
5% Etanol)
Properties according to
Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
Degree N0.3674K/24/DJM/2006, March 17, 2006
Most of Bioetanol in Indonesia derived
from sugarcane Molasse & cassava
=
Penurunan kadar
Penurunan kadar
11 April 2008
11 April 2008
1 Nov 2008
1 Nov 2008
Bio Solar
Bio Premium
Bio
Pertamax
Prosentase Biofuel blended
Prosentase Biofuel blended
launced
launced
Juni
2007
20 Mei
2006
B-5
13 Des
2006
18 Agustus
2006
E-5
E-5
B-2.5
B-1
B-5
E-3
E-5
E-3
E-5
E-5
Malang
Jakarta
E-2
By 11 November 2008, injeksi FAMEinjection become 5%
For transportation & industries sectors,if FAME & Ethanol avable.
BY : NPD
Malang
E-5
E-2
Jakarta
BIOFUELS DISTRIBUTION & MARKETING SYSTEM
PENYEDIAAN
BLENDING BIOFUEL & FOSSIL
FUEL
CONSUMEN/END
USER
BIOFUEL
Producer
IMPOR
DALAM
NEGERI
Ethanol
Producer
Ethanol
Producer
FAME Producer
FAME Producer
INDUSTRIES
STATIONSINSTALATION /
TERMINAL
PERTAMINA
Inline
Blending Bio
Fuel
MOBIL FAME
/
ETHANOL
TANKER
FAME
TANKER
BIO SOLAR
MOBIL BIO SOLAR/ BIO PREMIUM/ BIO PERTAMAX BY : NPDMalang
Bio Premium : 1 stations
Volume
± 400 KL / M
Bio Pertamax : 3 stations
Volume
± 55 KL / M
Jakarta
Bio Solar : 381 stations
Volume
± 76.900 KL/M
Bio Pertamax : 22
stations
Volume
± 1.100 KL / M
Bio Premium : 13 stations
Volume
± 9.100 KL / M
Surabaya
Bio Solar : 19 stations
Volume
± 1.600 KL / M
Bio Pertamax : 7 stations
Volume
± 296 KL / M
Denpasar
Bio Solar : 11 stations
Volume
± 2.100 KL/M
Bio Pertamax : 14 stations
Volume
± 200 KL/M
Total :
Bio Solar
:
411 stations
Vol :
± 80.600 KL/M
Bio Premium:
14
stations
Vol
:
± 9.500 KL / M
Bio Pertamax :
46
stations
Vol :
± 1.651 KL / M
WHERE ARE NOW ?
PERTAMINA BIOFUEL PROGRESS
Jakarta
November 1, 2008
4 big industries
Volume
± 173 KL
BY : NPDPERTAMINA
BIO
PREMIUM
ROLL OUT PLAN PERTAMINA BIOFUEL
November ‘08
December ‘08
2009
2010
LOCATION
EXISTING &
WEST JAVA
LOCATION
+ EAST JAVA
& BALI
Product:
• BIOSOLAR
• BIOPREMIUM
• BIO PERTAMAX
• BIO M. DIESEL
• BIO KEROSENE
• BIO M. BAKAR
Product :
• BIOSOLAR
• BIOPREMIUM
• BIO PERTAMAX
• BIO M. DIESEL
• BIO KEROSENE
• BIO M. BAKAR
LOCATION
• JAVA
• SUMATRA
• Part of KALIMANTAN &
SULAWESI
LOCATION
INDONESIA
Assumption: price of FAME ≤ MOPS Biofuel content: 5%
FAME : 25,157 KL
ETHANOL : 560 KL
FAME : 1,025,117 KL
ETHANOL : 805,479 KL
FAME : 1,278,621 KL
ETHANOL : 1,123,608 KL
Product:
• BIOSOLAR
• BIOPREMIUM
• BIO PERTAMAX
Product:
• BIOSOLAR
• BIOPREMIUM
• BIO PERTAMAX
FAME : 18,981 KL
ETHANOL : 540 KL
BY : NPDROADMAP BIOSOLAR
• In 2009 : Solar BioSolar JAVA
November ‘08
-D. Plumpang
-Inst. Tj. Priok
-TT. Tj. Gerem
-D. Padalarang
-D. Ujung Berung
-D. Tasikmalaya
Desember ‘08
-ISG
-D. Malang
-D. Madiun
-D. Kediri
-D. Sangaran
-D. Tj. Wangi
2009
- P. Jawa
-Part of Sumatra
-Part of
Kalimantan
2010
- P. Jawa
- Sumatra
- Kalimantan
-Sulawesi
LAUNCHING
Potential of Biofuel supply and demand
Potential of Biofuel supply and demand
BY : NPD
Fuel Consumption average per year
Subsidized
Non
Subsidized
Premium/Gasoline 17.000.000 KL 250.000
KL
Gas Oil 11.000.000 KL 15.000.000
KL
Kerosene
9.900.000 KL 100.000
KL
Biofuel demand per year (max 10% injection) except Kerosene
(2%)
Subsidized
Industry
Ethanol (Gasohol E-10)
1.700.000 KL
25.000 KL
Fame (Biodiesel B-10)
1.100.000 KL
1.500.000 KL
Kerosene
198.000 KL
2.000 KL
Indonesian gov. policy on biofuel.
max 10% biofuel in fuel and
2% biofuel in kerosene
As the gov. regulation, it must be
max 10% of biofuel injected in the
common fuel except 2% for
Kerosene
Biofuel potential for
domestic demand
THE AVAILABILITY OF
BIOFUEL SUPPLY
YEARS
(CAPACITIES - KL)
2008
2009
FAME
1.588.300
2.521.000
ETHANOL
144.500
212.500
Source: The Association of Indonesian Biofuel Producer (APROBI)
BIOETHANOL PRODUCT CAPASITY & LOCATION
No
PERUSAHAAN
LOKASI
2008
2009
CAPASITY
(KL)
Domestic
(KL)
CAPASITY
(KL)
Domestic
(KL)
1
Anugrah Kurnia Abadi PT./
BPPT Ethanol
Lampung
2.500
2.500
2.500
2.500
2
Medco Group
Lampung
60.000
60.000
3
Molindo Raya Industrial
Lawang &
Lampung
12.000
12.000
50.000
50.000
4
Sugar Group
Lampung
70.000
100.000
TOTAL
144.500
14.500
212.500
52.500
BIODIESEL PRODUCT CAPASITY & LOCATION
(Status Sept. 2008)
PERUSAHAAN
LOKASI
2008
2009
Capasity
MT/y
Domestic
MT/y
Kapasitas
MT/y
Domestic
MT/y
1
Asian Agri TbK
Lubuk Gaung,Dumai
200.000
70.000
200.000
80.000
2
Energi Alternatif Indonesia .
Jakarta
300
300
1.000
1.000
3
Eterindo Wahanatama Tbk
Gresik & Cikupa
120.000
120.000
240.000
240.000
4
Darmex Biofuel PT.
Bekasi
150.000
30.000
150.000
60.000
5
Ganesha Energy Group
Medan
3.000
3.000
10.000
10.000
6
Indo Biofuels Energy PT.
Merak
60.000
60.000
160.000
100.000
7
Multikimia Intipelangi PT.
Bekasi
5.000
5.000
10.000
10.000
8
Musim Mas Group
Medan
50.000
10.000
350.000
100.000
9
Permata Hijau Group
Duri
200.000
75.000
200.000
120.000
10
Sumi Asih PT.
Bekasi & Lampung
100.000
50.000
200.000
100.000
11
Wilmar Group
Dumai
700.000
300.000
1.000.000
300.000
TOTAL
1.588.300
723.300
2.521.000
1.121.000
PRICE FAME,ETHANOL VS CRUDE OIL,GASOLINE CPO OLEIN ETHANOL FAM E MOPS HSD M OPS GASOLINE CRUDE OIL 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 waktu g( $ ) CPO 61.4 70.7 78.4 84.7 82.8 87.2 86.6 87.8 86.6 93.8 97.6 111. 113. 101. 101. 102. OLEIN 46.75 45.5548.51 55.1252.15 50.9856.15 61.18 65.7064.38 65.4376.20 82.28 86.2083.30 89.1892.99 89.7393.23 81.59 105.7 118. 118.3105.0 110.0 105. ETHANOL 55.2 54.9 54.7 55.0 55.3 55.4 55.4 54.8 55.2 56.8 55.9 55.4 53.6 53.9 55.1 54.2 53.8 53.42 54.7 54.7354.57 54.09 53.9 FAM E 52.57 52.0655.07 58.5757.16 54.7053.91 56.96 61.6360.40 60.8765.18 69.32 76.0777.59 75.1177.19 84.9883.53 82.91 85.79 91.2 104.395.28 99.88 99.2 M OPS HSD 52.94 54.0154.26 54.2747.70 44.7644.02 43.87 41.5644.41 46.2550.47 51.34 51.5153.93 52.2057.05 59.8067.93 67.21 66.48 69.9 79.3987.00 99.76 104. M OPS GASOLINE 49.8252.70 44.3939.07 38.06 37.3340.69 46.7551.19 54.45 51.8852.22 47.0750.35 54.1459.97 60.10 61.63 64.4 67.6072.48 80.50 85.7 CRUDE OIL 44.0 42.6 45.2 45.8 39.3 35.1 35.1 37.8 33.2 36.2 38.6 42.7 43.1 43.4 47.4 45.4 47.8 51.9 57.9 57.5 57.92 59.7 64.8568.75 78.41 83.2 M EI JUNI JULI AGUSSEPT OKTONOVEDESEJANUFEBR M AR APRI M EI JUNI JULI AGUSSEPT OKTONOVEDESEJANUFEBR M AR APRI M EI JUNI
2006 2007 2008
BY : NPD
January 2009
Fame (Jan –Sept 2008 , avg) = Rp 8500/ltr
Fame ( Oct – Des 2008 avg) = Rp 5000/ltr
Ethanol avg = Rp 5500/ltr
Solar = ± Rp 5.137 – 5800/ltr
Gasoline = ± Rp 5400- Rp 5600/ltr
Perusahaan Minyak & Gas Nasional
CHALLANGES IN BIOFUELS PROGRAM
:
9
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOVERNMENT POLICY
9 PRICE OF BIOFUELS FEED STOCKS
9 PRICE OF BIOFUEL PRODUCT VS FOSSIL FUEL
9 SECURITY OF SUPPLY OF FAME & ETHANOL
9 COMPETION FEEDSTOCKS FOR FOOD & FUELS
9 THE GEOGRAPHY OF INDONESIA
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
Ultra Low Sulfur
Diesel (Fossil)
BIODIESEL
(FAME)
BIODIESEL
GENERASI 2
% OXYGEN
0
11
0
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
0.84
0.88
0.78
HEATING VALUE,
MJ / kg
43
38
44
SULFUR, ppm
< 10
< 1
< 1
CLOUD POINT,
o
C
- 5
- 5 to + 15
- 10 to + 20
DISTILLATION,
o
C
200 - 350
340 - 355
265 - 320
CETANE
40
50 - 65
70 - 90
STABILITY
GOOD
MARGINAL
GOOD
Properties Produk Biodiesel Generasi Ke 2 yang dibandingkan
Dengan Ultra Low Sulfur Petroleum Diesel dan FAME
No. Karakteristik Satuan Batasan Metode Uji ASTM Min. Maks.
1 Bilangan Cetana :
- Angka Cetana atau - 48 - D 613 - 95
- Indeks Cetana - 45 - D 4737 - 96a
2 Berat Jenis ( pada suhu 15 °C ) kg/m³ 815 870 D 1298 atau D 4052 - 96
3 Viskositas ( pada suhu 40 °C ) mm²/s 2.0 5.0 D 445 - 97
4 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0.35 1) D 2622 - 98 5 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a T 95 °C - 370 6 Titik Nyala °C 60 - D 93 - 99c 7 Titik Tuang °C - 18 D 97 8 Residu Karbon % m/m - 0.1 D 4530 - 93 9 Kandungan Air mg/kg - 500 D 1744 - 92
10 Biological growth *) - nihil
11 Kandungan FAME *) % v/v - 10
12 Kandungan Methanol dan Ethanol *) % v/v tak terdeteksi D 4815
13 Korosi Bilah Tembaga menit - kelas 1 D 130 - 94
14 Kandungan Abu % m/m - 0.01 D 482 - 95
15 Kandungan sedimen % m/m - 0.01 D 473
16 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/g - 0 D 664
17 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/g - 0.6 D 664
18 Partikulat mg/l - - D 2276 - 99
19 Penampilan visual - Jernih dan terang
20 Warna No.ASTM - 3.0 D 1500
SPESIFIKASI BIO SOLAR MENGACU SPESIFIKASI SOLAR 48 (Dirjen Migas No. 3675
K/24/DJM/2006)
*) Khusus untuk Minyak Solar yang mengandung Bio Diesel, jenis dan spesifikasi Bio Diesel nya mengacu ketetapan
Pemerintah.
Catatan Umum :
1.Aditif haris kompatibel dengan minyak mesin (tidak menambah kekotoran mesin/kerak)
Aditif yang mengandung komponen pembentuk abu (ash forming) tidak diperbolehkan.
1.Pemeliharaan secara baik untuk mengurangi kontaminasi (debu, air, bahan bakar lain, dll)
2.Pelabelan pada pompa harus memadai dan terdefinisi.
Catatan Kaki :
1) Batasan 0,35% m/m setara dengan 3500 ppm.
No. Karakteristik Satuan Batasan Metode Uji ASTM Min. Maks.
1 Bilangan Cetana :
- Angka Cetana atau - 48 - D 613 - 95
- Indeks Cetana - 45 - D 4737 - 96a
2 Berat Jenis ( pada suhu 15 °C ) kg/m³ 815 870 D 1298 atau D 4052 - 96
3 Viskositas ( pada suhu 40 °C ) mm²/s 2.0 5.0 D 445 - 97
4 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0.35 1) D 2622 - 98 5 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a T 95 °C - 370 6 Titik Nyala °C 60 - D 93 - 99c 7 Titik Tuang °C - 18 D 97 8 Residu Karbon % m/m - 0.1 D 4530 - 93 9 Kandungan Air mg/kg - 500 D 1744 - 92
10 Biological growth *) - nihil
11 Kandungan FAME *) % v/v - 10
12 Kandungan Methanol dan Ethanol *) % v/v tak terdeteksi D 4815
13 Korosi Bilah Tembaga menit - kelas 1 D 130 - 94
14 Kandungan Abu % m/m - 0.01 D 482 - 95
15 Kandungan sedimen % m/m - 0.01 D 473
16 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/g - 0 D 664
17 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/g - 0.6 D 664
18 Partikulat mg/l - - D 2276 - 99
19 Penampilan visual - Jernih dan terang
20 Warna No.ASTM - 3.0 D 1500
