IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SKILLS IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXTS BY USING PICTURE SERIES FOR THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 3 MERTOYUDAN IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2013/2014.

2013/2014

A Thesis

Presented as partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the attainment of the

Sarjana Pendidikan

Degree

in the English Language Education

By:

Eka Febriani

07202244029

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY

v

vi

Therefore remember me, I will remember you, and be thankful to me, and do

not be ungrateful to me.

( Al- Baqarah 152

)

"Health, happiness and success depend upon the fighting spirit of each

person. The big thing is not what happens to us in life - but what we do

about what happens to us." ( George Allen

)

It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed.

vii

and the most Merciful, who was given me blessings, so that I can finish this

thesis. Invocation also goes to Muhammad SAW, the Prophet, and his families.

May Allah bless them and give them peace.

I would like to express my greatest gratitude and appreciation to my first

supervisor Dr. Agus Widyantoro, M.Pd who is very kind-hearted man in guiding

me to finish this research. I wish he is always in good condition. The next

gratitude goes to my second supervisor Mrs. Siti Sudartini, M.A who has given

me support, helpfull feedback and patience in writing this thesis. I would also like

to express my great gratitude to B. Yuniar Diyanti, M.Hum as my academic

consultant, who has patiently guided me in studying at English Education

Department of Yogyakarta University.

I also would like to thank the headmistress of SMP N 3 Mertoyudan, Dra.

Nanik Istantri Nugrahantini, M.Pd for giving me permission to conduct my

research there. My next gratitude goes to the English teacher, Sri Hidayati, S.Pd.

I thank for her valuable suggestion and help in doing the research. Then, I would

like to thank the class of VII C in the academic year of 2013/2014 for their

cooperation during the data collection.

My sincerest gratitude goes to my dearest parents mama and papa, for

their prayers and loves to support me in finishing my research. I hope that

someday I can make them proud of me. My special thanks are also goes to my big

family (

Ibu

Darmo,

De

Bagus,

De

Indah,

Bude

Sis,

Tante

Nung,

Pakde

Heri,

Om

Taat,

Mbak

Nindy,

De

Rita,

De

Rian and

De

Ria ). My gratitude also goes to my

beloved M.Dzulkifli, thanks for your supports and loves.

ix

APPROVAL

... ii

RATIFICATION

...iii

DECLARATION

...iv

DEDICATION

...v

MOTTOS

...vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

...viii

LIST OF TABLES

...xi

LIST OF FIGURES

... xii

LIST OF APPENDICES

...xiii

ABSTRACT

...xiv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 1

A. Background of the Study...1

B. Identification of the Study... 5

C. Limitation of the Problem... 7

D. Formulation of the Problem... 7

E. Objective of the Research... 7

F. Significances of the Research... 8

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK...9

A. LITERATURE REVIEW...9

1. English Language Teaching and

Learning...9

2. Teaching and Learning Writing... 11

a. The Nature of Writing... 11

x

f. The Techniques of Teaching Writing... 17

g. The Roles of Teacher in Teaching Writing...19

h. Approaches to Teach Writing... 21

3. Teaching Writing to Junior High School... 23

a. The characteristics of the students of Junior High Schools...23

b. Strategies to Teach Writing in Junior High School... 26

c. SK and KD ( Basic Competence and Standard of

Competence )... 27

d. The Role of Media ... 28

e. The Kinds of Media ... 29

f. Picture Series ...33

4. Text...37

a. Definition of text... 37

b. Text types... 38

5. Procedure in Teaching Writing of Procedure Text using

Pictures... 39

B. Relevant Studies...41

C. Conceptual Framework... 42

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD... 45

A. Type of the Research...45

B. The Setting of the research...46

C. The Subjects of the Research... 47

D. Time of the Research...47

E. Instrument of the Research...48

F. Data Collection Techniques... 48

G. Data Analysis Techniques...49

xi

A. Research Findings... 58

1. Reconnaissance... 58

2. Determining the Urgent Problems to Solve... 63

3. Determining Some Actions to Overcome the Field Problems... 64

B. Implementation of Cycle I... 66

1. Planning... 66

2. Action and Observation... 67

3. Reflection... 69

4. Summary... 74

C. Implementation of Cycle II... 78

1. Planning... 79

2. Action and Observation... 81

3. Reflection... 87

4. Summary... 91

D. Students writing score... 91

E. Discussion... 93

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS,

AND SUGGESTIONS...96

A.

Conclusions... 97

B.

Implications...97

C.

Suggestions... ...99

REFERENCES... 100

xii

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Stages of Teaching and Learning cycle...

The Text Written in Cycle 1...

The Text Written in Cycle 2...

The Text Written in The Pre-Test...

The Text Written in The Post-Test...

The Text Written in Cycle 1...

The Text Written in Cycle 2...

The Text Written in The Pre-Test...

The Text Written in The Post-Test...

xiii

Table 1

The standard of competence and basic competence in

writing for grade VII... 28

Table 2

Data collection techniques... 49

Table 3

The scoring rubric of students writing... 50

Table 4

The conversion table of students writing... 52

Table 5

The field problems in class VII C... 62

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

Table 11

Table 12

Table 13

Table 14

Table 15

The more urgent problems found in class VII C...

The most feasible problems of the English writing...

The differerence in writing teaching and learning process

during Cycle I and Cycle II...

The Students Mean Score in The 1

st

Meeting in Cycle I....

The Students Mean Score in The 2

nd

Meeting in Cycle I....

The Students Mean Score in The 1

st

Meeting in Cycle II....

The Students Mean Score in The 2

nd

Meeting in Cycle II....

The Students Mean Score in The Pre-Test...

The Students Mean Score in The Post-Test...

64

66

xiv

B. Interview Guidelines ... 119

C. Interview Transcript ... 121

D. Course Grids ... 142

E. Lesson Plans ... 152

F. Observation Sheets ... 193

G. Students Writing ... 198

H. Attendance List ...207

I. Students Score ... 209

J. Photographs ... 216

xv

By: Eka Febriani

NIM 07202244029

ABSTRACT

The objective of this reserach was to improve the students' skills in writing

procedure texts by using picture series for the seventh grade of SMP N 3

Mertoyudan in the academic year of 2013/2014.

The research was action research. The members of the research consisted of

the researcher, the English teacher, and the students of Grade VIIC. The research

was carried out in two cycles. The steps involved reconnaissance, planning, action

and observation, and reflection. The data of the research were qualitative in nature

supported by quantitative data. The qualitative data obtained by observing the

teaching and learning process and interviewing the English teacher and the

students of VIIC. The qualitative data were in the form of field notes and

interview transcripts that were analyzed based on the qualitative data analysis.

The pre-test and post-test were conducted to gain the quantitative data. A gain

score of pre-test and the post-test was used to analyze the quantitative data that

were in the form of students' writing scores.

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9GCN A DX;P D >OP; G> D > 9 P 9 D 9@; ; H; :FB D;D BG > ?; >; H > E99X 9: YZJ Q R?O D= > ?;

D>OP; G>DS; :;G9>BG>; :; D>;P> 9U;>B G< 9C <;PBG>?;>;AF ?B G UA GPC;A:GB G UI:9F; D DQ

R ?;C A D>I:9EC ; @BD:;CA > ;P > 9>?;@;PB AQ8;PBA A:;9G;9TT AF > 9:D>?A >F A G

P;>; :@B G; >?; DOF F; DD 9T >?; >; AF ?B G U AGP C ; A :GBGU I :9F; D DQ 8;PB A AC D 9 ?;C I

>;AF?;:D > 9 F 9G<;N A @;D DAU;BG AF; :>ABG T 9:@=A GP > ?; F ?9BF; 9T >?A > T 9:@ @AN

E; P; >; :@B G; ?9S @; DD AU; :; F;B <;P EN > ?; C ;A:G; :DQ R ?; O D; 9T @;PBA F 9OCP

B @ I:9<; > ?; D>OP; G>DV B G >;:; D > BG C;A :GB GU [G UC B D? Q WG :; ACB> N= >?; >; AF ?; : :A :;CN

O D;P @;PB A S?BF ? FA G ?;CI D>OP;G> D > 9 UAB G >?;B:B G>; :; D > S ?; G D?; P;C B<; :;P > ?;

@A >; :BACDQ J?; @ 9D >CN O D ;P YZJ 9: D >OP; G>DV S 9:X D ?;; >Q R ?;:;T 9 :; = > ?; D >OP; G> D

9T>;GU9>E9 :;PPO :B G U> ?;>;AF ?B GUA GPC ;A:GB G UI:9F; DDQ

\

. Delimitation of the Problem

]A D;P 9G > ?; B P;G>B TBFA >B9G 9T >?; I:9EC ;@ D A E9<; => ?;:; A :; D 9@; TAF > 9 :D

>?A >B GTCO; GF;>?;D >OP; G>DVS:B>BGUDXBC C D QR ?;C 9SD >OP; G> DVBG>; :; D >AGPDXBC C D =>?;

O D; 9T @;PBA B G >?; >;A F ?B GU A GP C;A :GBGU I:9 F; D D = A GP AC D 9 >?; @9G9 > 9G9O D

@A >; :BACD E;F 9@; > ?; I:9EC; @D > ?A > @AP; > ?; D>OP;G> D S :B >B GU S ;:; G9>

^_ `a `b cda a`efg hdi _ jg i gag ki ljgi _ d adfmg kf f _ j g ci defgb a ig fk_g n _ d _ j g

hkl_ dia opj gighdig qa jg f` b`_a_ jg ci defgb a ig fk_ g n_d a _ rngs_a tui `_`s va w `f fa ox rg

_ d _ jg f`b `_ k_ ` ds dh _ `bg q gsgi v yq bdsgyq ksn hkl`f `_`gaqajg u`f f dmgil dbg a dbg

cidefgb a o zjg f`b `_ a _jg a_rny e y ds fy hdl ra `s v ds _ jg _g klj `sv ks n f gkis `sv

cidlgaa `s ui `_`s v ci dlg nrig _ g {_ a o ^_ bgksa _j k_ a jg `s_ gs na _ d `b ci dmg _jg

a_rngs_ata w `f fa `sui `_`s v ci dlg nrig_ g {_a _ jidrvj c`l_riga g i`ga o| `l_ rig a gi`gaka

bg n`k l ks eg rag hrf _d v`mg vr` n kslg hdi a _ rn gs_a `s a _ `b rf k_ `s v ks n vgsgi k_ `sv

a_rngs_at ` ng ka _du i`_g b digo }ga`ngaq c`l_ riga l ks `b ci dmg a_rngs_a t `s_giga _ _d

vg_`s mdf mg n`s_ gklj `svks nfg kis `svci dlga a o

~

. Formulation of the Problem

}kag nds_ j gngf `b`_k_ `dsdh_ jgci defgbkedmg q_jgci defgbdh_j `aa _ rn y

lkseghdibrfk_ gnkahdff dua € dul ksc`l_ ri gagi`gaegrag n_d`bcidmga _rngs_ a t

aw ` ffa`su i`_ `s vcidlg nri g_g{ _ahdi_ jga g mgs_jvikngdhz |‚ƒgi_d yr nks`s

_jgklkngb`lyg ki„…†ƒ‡„…†ˆ

?

E. Objectives of the Research

In accordance with the problem formulated above, the objective of the

research is to improve students skills in writing procedure texts for the seventh

grade of SMP N 3 Mertoyudan in the academic year 2013/2014.

F. Significance of the Research

1.

For the seventh grade students of SMP N 3 Mertoyudan

The findings of this research are expected to become a source of

information about the way to improve students writing skill through

picture series. The use of picture series can stimulate students idea and

develop it in good organization.

2.

For the English teachers of SMP N 3 Mertoyudan

The findings of this research are expected to become a source of

information about the way to improve the quality of teaching writing to the

students using interesting media.

3.

For the future researchers

This study can be a source to conduct further research relevant to

the problem in different kind of texts.

4.

The researcher herself

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