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A set of instructional speaking materials based on cooperative learning approach for extracurricular English class of SMP Budya Wacana Yogyakarta.

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S L A I R E T A M G N I K A E P S L A N O I T C U R T S N I F O T E S A

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W ,the clas susually use smethod ilke in usua lteaching and o d l e s y e h T . m o o r s s a l c n i s s e c o r p g n i n r a e

l m use cooperaitve learning fo rthe

d n a t s il a u d i v i d n i e r a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c ’ s t n e d u t s e h T . s s e c o r p g n i n r a e l d n a g n i h c a e t . s ll i k s g n i k a e p s n o s e s u c o f t I . s p u o r g n i t o n , s e v l e s m e h t y b g n i n r a e l e k il y e h t ir e t a m g n i k a e p s e h t t n e s e r p o t e k il d l u o w r e ti r w e h t , n e h

T al sbasedoncooperaitve

(24)

i ti ) 3 ( , h s il g n E g n i n r a e l n i e r o m d e t s e r e t n i e r a o h w e s o h t e r a s s a l

c smeasureable

s a s l a ir e t a m l a n o it i d d a s i d e p o l e v e d s l a ir e t a m e h t ) 4 ( d n a , e l b a v r e s b o d n a

. g n i n r a e l m o o r s s a l c m o r f t n e m h c ir n e

.

B ResearchProblem

e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t n o d e s a b y d u t s e h t f o s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h T

: s w o ll o f s a d e t n e s e r p e r a h c r a e s e r

.

1 How i sase to finsrtucitona lEngilsh speaking mate iral sbased on the

h c a o r p p a g n i n r a e l e v it a r e p o o

c f orexrtacurircula rEngilshclass fo SMP

a tr a k a y g o Y a n a c a W a y d u

B designed?

.

2 Wha tdoe s the designed se t o fthe insrtucitona l Engilsh speaking

? e k il k o o l s l a ir e t a m

.

C ProblemLimtia iton

a m r e ti r w e h

T k es some ilmtiaitons t o ilmti t he scope of t hestudy .Frist ,

y d u t s s i h

t i s abou t developing and implemenitng the mateirals . Developing

n a e m e r e h s l a ir e t a

m s the wrtie radapts and explores the exisitng mate iral sthen

t s u j d

a s them wtih cooperaitve learning approach . The purpose o f the

s l a ir e t a m e h t f o n o it a t n e m e l p m

i i sa sat iralf ort het eachingandl earning process .

l a ir t e h

T ist o makesuret ha tcooperaitvel earningr eallyworks ta exrtacurircula r

s s a l c h s il g n

E fo SMP Budya Wacana Yogyaka tra . Second ,the wrtie rchoo es s

ex rtacurircula r Engilsh class in SMP Budya Wacana Yogyakarta . Thi s

(25)

T . ) T L C ( g n i h c a e T e g a u g n a L e v it a c i n u m m o C s i d e s u y ll a u s u s i h c i h

w he wrtie r

, o S . s s a l c r a l u c ir r u c a rt x e e h t f o r o t a n i d r o o c e h t h ti w w e i v r e t n i l a m r o f n i e n o d s a h

d e e n , s c it s ir e t c a r a h c ’ s t n e d u t s e h t t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u e m o s s a h r e ti r w e h

t s ,and

e s u c o f r e ti r w e h t , d ri h T . d n u o r g k c a

b s ons peakings kill sbasedont hep irnciple so f

ex rtacurircula rEngilsh class in SMP Budya Wacana Yogyakarta .Fou trh ,ase to f

s l a ir e t a m g n i k a e p

s i sbased on cooperaitve learning approach .Thi sapproach i s

e m e l p m i o t y a w d o o g a s a d e r e d i s n o

c n tbecause i temphasizes group slearning .

p l e h s t n e d u t s e h

T eachothert os olvet heprobleminl earningEngilsh .

.

D ResearchObjecitves

d e t n e s e r p e r a s e v it c e j b o e s e h T . y d u t s e h t f o s e v it c e j b o n i a m o w t e r a e r e h T

: s w o ll o f s a

.

1 Thestudyt irest o ifndou thowase to finsrtucitona lEngilshspeaking

n o d e s a b s l a ir e t a

m t he cooperaitve learning fo r exrtacurircula r

h s il g n

E clas so fSMPBudyaWacanaYogyakartai sdesigned.

.

2 Thes tudyt irest opresentt hedesigneds peakingmateiral .s

.

E ResearchBeneftis

. h c a o r p p A g n i n r a e L e v it a r e p o o C n o d e s a b s i l a ir e t a m d e n g i s e d s i h T

e v it a r e p o o

C learningencouragest hes tudentst ol earnt ogetheri ngroup sands olve

l li w s i h T . r e h t o h c a e t c e p s e r d n a , e g a r u o c n e , p l e h l li w s t n e d u t s e h T . m e l b o r p e h t

(26)

e h T . s r e h t o d n a s e v l e s m e h

t student swli lbe more con ifden tin pracitcing thei r

. h s il g n E n r a e l o t y s a e l e e f ll i w s t n e d u t s e h t , n e v i g s l a ir e t a m e h t n o d e s a B . h s il g n E s a h o s l a l a ir e t a m d e n g i s e d f o t e s s i h t g n i v a h , s t n e d u t s e h t r o f y l n o t o N c s r e h c a e T . s r e h c a e t h s il g n E e h t r o f s ti f e n e

b an seet headvantage so fcooperaitve

g n i h c a e t ri e h t r o f h c a o r p p a g n i n r a e

l -learningprocess .Teacher salsocanadap tand

e h t n i g n ir o b o o t t o n e b l li w g n i h c a e t ri e h t t a h t o s s e c n e r e f e r s l a ir e t a m e r o m e v a h k e b d l u o h s t a h t g n i h t t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h T . m o o r s s a l

c nownbyt het eacher saret ha t

o w T . h c a o r p p a g n i n r a e l e v it a r e p o o c s i h t f o n o it a t n e m e l p m i e h t e k il s t n e d u t s e h t d e t n e m e l p m i y ll u f s s e c c u s e r e w s l a ir e t a m d e n g i s e d e s e h t n i s ti n u r u o f e h t f o s ti n u f o s s a l c r a l u c ir r u c a rt x e n

i SMPBudyaWacanaYogyaka tra.I twa sprovedt hatt he

y e h T . s p u o r g n i r e h t o h c a e g n i p l e h d n a g n it a r e p o o c n i d e ti c x e e r e w s t n e d u t s . s p u o r g n i n o it a m r o f n i d e g n a h c x e d n a s a e d i ri e h t d e r a h s n i c i p o t e m a s e h t r o f e c n e r e f e r e h t e b n a c y d u t s s i h t ,s r e h c r a e s e r r e h t o r o F c n o d e s a b s l a ir e t a m g n i n g i s e

d ooperaitvel earningapproach .Ther eviewofr elated

. h c r a e s e r e h t g n it r o p p u s r o f e c n e r e f e r e h t e b n a c o s l a e r u t a r e ti l .

F De ifniitono fTerms

e n if e d t r a p s i h

T s somespeciifct ermsr elated t ot hestudy.I tha sanaimt o

t e m o s t u o b a s n o it p e c r e p t n e r e f fi d d i o v

a erm swhicharediscussed.

.

1 CooperaitveLearning

e h t g n it c u d n o c r o f h c a o r p p a n a s a g n i n r a e l e v it a r e p o o c s r e d i s n o c r e ti r w e h T l u f s s e c c u s a s i g n i n r a e L e v it a r e p o o C . y d u t

s approach in which smallt eams ,each

v a e s u , y ti li b a f o s l e v e l t n e r e f fi d f o s t n e d u t s h ti

(27)

.t c e j b u s a f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u r i e h t e v o r p m

i Each membe ro fat eam i sresponsible

g n it a e r c , n r a e l s e t a m m a e t g n i p l e h r o f o s l a t u b t h g u a t s i t a h w g n i n r a e l r o f y l n o t o n i s s a e h t h g u o r h t k r o w s t n e d u t S . t n e m e v e i h c a f o e r e h p s o m t a n

a gnmen tunit lal l

.t i e t e l p m o c d n a d n a t s r e d n u y ll u f s s e c c u s s r e b m e m p u o r

g Olsen descirbe s“ ti

c i m e d a c a e s a e r c n i d n a g n i n r a e l e c n a h n e o t k r o w p u o r g e z i n a g r o o t s y a w s r e f f o k r o w p u o r g f o s e p y t ll a e r a r o n ; n o i s s u c s i d e e r f , l a r e n e g t o n s i L C . t n e m e v e i h c a s s e c e

n arliy cooperaitve .Cooperaitvel earning i scarefully srtuctured – organized

e s a e r c n i o t d e t a v it o m e r a s r e n r a e l ll a d n a s r e h t o h ti w s t c a r e t n i r e n r a e l h c a e t a h t o s g n i n r a e l s ’ r e h t o h c a

e ”( a sctiedi nKessler ,1992 ,p.1)

e m g n i n r a e l e v it a r e p o o c , y d u t s s i h t n

I ans t he student swtih dfiferen tabiilite s

e h t o t d e t a l e r s m e l b o r p e m o s e v l o s o t r e h t o h c a e p l e h y e h t d n a p u o r g a n i k r o w . d e n r a e l t c e j b u

s Each studen t ha sresponsiblitiy to think and to share thei r

s n o i n i p

o . In t he end of t he discussion they wli lmakeconclusions .Thestudent s

n r a e

l academic and socia laspect s based on thi s expeirence . They wli l ifnd

.s s e c o r p e h t g n ir u d d e v o r p m i s e v l e s m e h t .

2 Speaking

g n ir a h s d n a g n i d li u b f o s s e c o r p e h t s i g n i k a e p s , ) 8 9 9 1 ( y e n a h C n o d e s a B d n a l a b r e v f o e s u e h t h g u o r h t g n i n a e

m n -on verba lsymbols ,in a vairety o f

. s t x e t n o

c Richards( 1990 )statedt hatt hemasteryo fspeakingskillsi nEngilshi sa

e s u s k o o b t x e t d n a s r e h c a e T . s r e n r a e l e g a u g n a l n g i e r o f r o d n o c e s y n a m r o f y ti r o ir p n o g n i s u c o f s e h c a o r p p a t c e ri d m o r f s e h c a o r p p a s u o ir a

v speciifc feature so fora l

n r u t , e l p m a x e r o f ( n o it c a r e t n

i -taking,t opicmanagement ,quesitonings rtategies)t o

(28)

d l u o w r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t n I .s e i g e t a rt s r e h t o d n a , k r o w k s a

t ilket oconvincet he

. e r o m d e n r a e l e b o t d e e n h c i h w s ll i k s t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t s i g n i k a e p s t a h t s t n e d u t s

. e g a u g n a l e h t g n i n r a e l n i t n a c if i n g i s y r e v s i tI

.

3 Insrtucitona lMate irals

s t n e v e f o t e s a s i n o it c u rt s n i , ) 3 : 9 7 9 1 ( e n g a G d n a s g g ir B o t g n i d r o c c A

a h c i h

w ffec tlearner sin such a way tha tlearning i sfaclitiated .Insrtucitona l

s l a ir e t a m l a n o it c u rt s n i , y d u t s s i h t n I . n o it c u rt s n i r o f d e s u s l a ir e t a m n a e m s l a ir e t a m

s u c o f e h t s a s t n e d u t s e h t d n a s r o t c u rt s n i r o s r e h c a e t y b d e s u s ti n u f o t e s a o t r e f e r

i s s u c s i d f

o ng i n t eaching l earning process i n order t o develop students ’skills i n

. h s il g n E

.

4 Exrtacurircula rClassi nSMPBudyaWacanaYogyaka tra

s i h c i h w y ti v it c a n a s i y ti v it c a r a l u c ir r u c a rt x e t a h t d e t a t s ) 8 7 9 1 ( s a m o h T

d d a o t r e d r o n i s s a l c l a m r o f r e tf a t u o d e ir r a

c itme ,a sacomplemen tsubject . tIi s

t u b , y d u t s e h t f o e s r u o c r a l u g e r e h t e d i s t u o d n a m u l u c ir r u c d e ri u q e r f o t r a p a t o n

, y d u t s s i h t n i , t u B . ) 7 9 9 1 , t d l e v u e N ( l o o h c s e h t f o n o i s i v r e p u s e h t r e d n u

s s a l c h s il g n E r a l u c ir r u c a rt x

E inSMPBudyaWacanaYogyakartatendst obemore

e k

il “Engilsh SpeakingClub” . tIi sheld on Saturday sa t7.30AM . tIl astsf o r1.5

.r u o

h Theparitcipant soft hi sexrtacurircula rclas saret hes tudentsf romal lgrades ,

. X I d n a , I I I V , I I V e d a r g e r a h c i h

w Thi sExrtacurircula rEngilsh classfocuse son

s i s s a l c r a l u c ir r u c a rt x e s i h t n i d e s u y ll a u s u d o h t e m e h T . s ll i k s g n i k a e p s

, s e m a g s e s u y ll a u s u r e h c a e T . ) T L C ( g n i h c a e T e g a u g n a L e v it a c i n u m m o C

(29)

i c it r a p e h T . h s il g n E g n i n r a e

l pant s who join thi s exrtacurircula r clas s have

(30)

0 1

I I R E T P A H C

E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R

l a c it e r o e h t s i t r a p t s ri f e h T . s tr a p o w t o t n i d e d i v i d s i r e t p a h c s i h T

n o it p ir c s e d l a c it e r o e h T . k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t s i tr a p d n o c e s e h t d n a n o it p ir c s e d

e w s n a o t s d e e n r e ti r w e h t h c i h w s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r e m o s s e b ir c s e

d rthe problem

e h t g n i n g i s e d r o f e s a b e h t s a d e d e e n e r a s e ir o e h t e s o h t t a h t s n a e m t I . n o it a l u m r o f

r e w s n a n a c s e ir o e h t d e t a l e r e s o h t w o h s e b ir c s e d k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h T . s l a ir e t a m

e c o r p e h t o t n i t u p e b l li w s e ir o e h t e s o h t w o h s n a e m t I .s n o it s e u q h c r a e s e r e h

t s so f

n a r o f s l a ir e t a m g n i k a e p s l a n o it c u rt s n i e h t g n i n g i s e

d Ex rtacurircula rEngilsh class

f

o SMPBudyaWacanaYogyaka tra.

.

A Theore itca lDescrip iton

l a n o it c u rt s n i e s e h t n g i s e d o t d e s u s e ir o e h t t n a v e l e r e m o s e r a e r e h T

t s n i s ’ p m e K e r a e r e h T . s l a ir e t a m g n i k a e p

s rucitona ldesign model , theo ire so f

g n i n r a e l e v it a r e p o o

c ,teaching speaking ,and characteirsitc so fmiddle schoo l

.s r e n r a e l

.

1 Kemp’sI nstrucitona lModel( Kemp ,1977)

e d i v i d p m e

K s hi sinsrtucitona lmode linto eigh tpatrs .Those eigh tpatr s

h c a e T . e l b i x e lf e r

a er susing his i nsrtucitona lmode lcan star tfrom any patr .Bu t

s e n if e d p m e K . l e d o m l a n o it c u rt s n i t a h t n i s tr a p l l a o d d l u o h s r e h c a e t , e l o h w r o f

(31)

1 p e t

S .De ifningGoals ,Topics ,andGenera lPurposes

r a t s p m e

K t shis i nsrtucitona ldesign planning wtih t he recogniiton of t he

d e v ir e d e b y a m s l a o g d a o r b e s o h T . n o it u ti t s n i r o m e t s y s l o o h c s e h t f o s l a o g d a o r b ) 7 7 9 1 ( p m e K . s a e r a t c e j b u s d n a , s t n e d u t s , y t e i c o s e r a y e h t ; s e c r u o s e e r h t m o r f a s o s l

a y s tha tstatement so fgoal sshould be lfexible .I tmean sthe mateiral s

, s t s e r e t n i d n a s d e e n ’ s r e n r a e l e h t f o s e g n a h c e h t o t n o it n e tt a y a p d l u o h s s r e n g i s e d s r e h c a e t ,s l a o g e h t g n i n if e d r e tf A . s n o it u ti t s n i d n a y t e i c o s n i s e g n a h c s a l l e w s a s c i p o t r o j a m e m o s t s il d n a t c e l e s o t e v a

h .Topic sareusuallys equencedbasedona

e t e r c n o c m o r f r o s l e v e l x e l p m o c o t e l p m i s m o r f n e tf o t s o m , n o it a z i n a g r o l a c i g o l r o e n o t c e l e s o t g n i d i c e d s i s r e h c a e t f o y ti li b i s n o p s e r t x e n e h T . s l e v e l t c a rt s b a o t i p o t e l g n i s A . c i p o t a t n e s e r p e r o t s e s o p r u p e r o

m c can serve more than one

.s e s o p r u p 2 p e t

S .RecognizingLearne rCharacteirsitcs

g n i h c a e t n i t c e p s a t n a tr o p m i e h

T -learning proces s i s recognizing the

o t r e d r o n I . r e n r a e l l a u d i v i d n i n a s a m e h t g n it c e p s e r d n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c ’ s r e n r a e l s l a u d i v i d n i h t o b e v r e

s andgroups ,wemus tobtaini nformaitonaboutt hel earners ’

e r e h t ,s c it s ir e t c a r a h c ’ s r e n r a e l e h t t u o g n i d n if n I .s t s e r e t n i d n a , s d e e n , s e it il i b a p a c . s r o t c a f l a i c o s d n a c i m e d a c a e r a y e h t ; r e d i s n o c d l u o h s e w s r o t c a f o w t e r a f o r e b m u n e d u l c n i s r o t c a f c i m e d a c

A students ,academic background ,leve lo f

e d a r g , e c n e g il l e t n

i -poin t average , reading level , score s on standardized

n i d n u o r g k c a b , e n o l a k r o w o t y ti li b a , s ti b a h y d u t s , t s e t e d u ti t p a d n a t n e m e v e i h c a x e , t c e j b u s e h t g n i y d u t s r o f n o it a v it o m , c i p o t r o t c e j b u s e h

t pectaiton so fthe

(32)

g n o m a s n o it a l e r ,s p a c i d n a h l a n o it o m e d n a l a c i s y h p , s t n e l a t l a i c e p s , n a p s n o it n e tt a . n o it a u ti s c i m o n o c e o i c o s ,s t n e d u t s h s o s l a e w , s r o t c a f o w t e s o h t s e d i s e

B ouldconsiderl earningcondiiton sand

. s e l y t s g n i n r a e

l Accordingt o Kemp( 1977:19 ,)l earningcondiitonsr efert ogroup s

n i a t e r d n a , b r o s b a , e t a rt n e c n o c o t y ti li b a s ’ n o s r e p a t c e f f a n a c t a h t s r o t c a f f o ) 5 7 9 1 ( n n u D d n a n n u D . n o it a m r o f n

i classiifes the fou rlearning condiitons :the

, ) e r u ti n r u f f o t n e m e g n a r r a d n a , e r u t a r e p m e t , d n u o s , t h g il ( t n e m n o ri v n e l a c i s y h p d n a , k s a t a n i e c n e t s i s r e p , n o it a v it o m l a u d i v i d n i( t n e m n o ri v n e l a n o it o m e e h t r o h t u a n a o t e s n o p s e r ( t n e m n o ri v n e l a c i g o l o i c o s e h t , ) y ti li b i s n o p s e r g n i k a

t tiy ,

l a c i g o l o h c y s p n w o s ’t n e d u t s a d n a , ) c t e , k r o w p u o r g r o l a u d i v i d n i r o f e c n e r e f e r p r o f d e e n r o s s e n s s e lt s e r , d o o f r o f d e e n , s s e n k a e w d n a s h t g n e rt s y r o s n e s ( p u e k a m s e l y t s g n i n r a e L . ) g n i n o it c n u f t n e i c if f e r o f m h t y h r o i b r o e m it f o e s u y li a d , y ti li b o m r e r

a elated to the cetrain method so flearning which are more appeailng and

o t d e t a l e r n o it a t n e s e r p r i e h t n o ) 5 7 9 1 (. l a t e e k i N e D . t n e d u t s h c a e r o f e v it c e f f e e t a t s e l y t s e v it i n g o c l a n o it a c u d

e s a method called cogniitve style mapping

c s e d r o f k r o w e m a r f a s e d i v o r

p irbing and diagnosing each individua’l sway o f

. g n i n a e m r o f g n i h c r a e s 3 p e t

S .SpecfiyingLearningObjecitves

t s u m s e v it c e j b o l l A . l a it n e s s e t u b t l u c if fi d s i s e v it c e j b o g n i n r a e l g n i y fi c e p S n i n r a e l g n it o m o r p t s e b e b l li w t a h t s e it i v it c a f o s m r e t n i d e t a t s e

b g .Accordingt o

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d e p o l e v e

d taxonomy fo r the cogniitve domain . I t include s knowledge ,

r o t o m o h c y s P . n o it a u l a v e d n a , s i s e h t n y s , s i s y l a n a , n o it a c il p p a , n o i s n e h e r p m o c , s t n e m e v o m d e t a n i d r o o c y l e n if , s t n e m e v o m y li d o b s s o r g s e d u l c n i n i a m o d c y s P . r u o i v a h e b h c e e p s d n a , n o it a c i n u m m o c l a b r e v n o

n homoto r behaviour s

s e v l o v n i n i a m o d e v it c e f f A . e r u s a e m d n a , e b ir c s e d , e v r e s b o o t y s a e e r a y ll a r e n e g , g n i y o j n e ( s n o it o m e l l a d n a , s e u l a v , s n o it a i c e r p p a , s e d u ti tt a g n i n r e c n o c s e v it c e j b o r o e v a h ) 4 6 9 1 ( s e t a i c o s s a s i h d n a l h o w h t a r K . ) c t e , g n i v r e s n o c , g n it c e p s e

r ganized

, g n i u l a v , g n i d n o p s e r , g n i v i e c e r e r a y e h t ; s l e v e l e v if o t n i n i a m o d e v it c e f f a e h t . x e l p m o c e u l a v a y b g n i z ir e t c a r a h c d n a , g n i z i n a g r o n o it c a e t a ir p o r p p a e h t g n it c e l e s s i s e v it c e j b o g n it ir w n i tr a p t l u c if fi d e h T e b t n e d u t s d e ri u q e r e h t e b ir c s e d o t b r e

v haviour .Kemp (1977:34 )discovers tha t

l a n o it c u rt s n i y n a r o f k r o w e m a r f e h t m r o f y e h t e s u a c e b l a i c if e n e b e r a s e v it c e j b o d e ri u q e r e b l li w t a h w s t n e d u t s e h t m r o f n i d n a e s a b y c n e t e p m o c a n o t li u b m a r g o r p m r e t c if i c e p s n i k n i h t o t p l e h o s l a s e v it c e j b O . m e h t r o

f s ,to organize ,and to

.r e tt a m t c e j b u s e h t e c n e u q e s 4 p e t

S .OrganizingSubjec tContent

s i t n e t n o c t c e j b u s t a h t t h g u o h t s r e h c a e t y n a m , ) 7 7 9 1 ( p m e K o t g n i d r o c c A y r a m ir p e h t s a s i h c i h w , k o o b t x e T . g n i h c a e t r o f t n i o p g n it r a t s l a n o it i d a rt e h t o s e r l a n o it c u rt s n

i urce , o tfen determine s objecitves , content , and teaching

e t a t s ) 4 4 : 7 7 9 1 ( p m e K . e c n e u q e

s s tha t subjec t conten t i s “the seleciton and

p e t s ( s ll i k s , ) n o it a m r o f n i d n a s t c a f ( e g d e l w o n k c if i c e p s e h t g n i z i n a g r

o - yb -step

a , ) s t n e m e ri u q e r d n a , s n o it i d n o c , s e r u d e c o r

p nd atttiudina lfactor so fany topic.”

(34)

e h t , s t c a f e h t ; c i p o t e h t n i d e n r a e l r o t h g u a t e b t s u m y ll a c if i c e p s e r a h c i h w v n i s p e t s e h t ; c i p o t e h t o t g n it a l e r , s e l p i c n ir p d n a , s t p e c n o

c olved in necessary

g n i m r o fr e p n i d e ri u q e r s e u q i n h c e t e h t d n a ; c i p o t e h t o t g n it a l e r s e r u d e c o r p .s ll i k s l a it n e s s e 5 p e t

S .DevelopingPre-Assessment

) 0 5 : 7 7 9 1 ( p m e

K deifnes tha t a tfe r teacher s examine the learning

r a e r e h t , s t n e t n o c t c e j b u s e h t d n a s e v it c e j b

o e two quesiton s which should

e h t s i ) 2 ( d n A ? ti n u r o c i p o t e h t y d u t s o t d e r a p e r p t n e d u t s e h t s i ) 1 ( ; d e r e d i s n o c o w t e s o h t r e w s n a o T ? s e v it c e j b o

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