CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
This research applied qualitative method with qualitative content analysis
method. Qualitative content analysis method is a method of analysing written, verbal or
visual communication messages (Cole, 1988). Therefore, it is a method for summarizing
some forms of content by counting various aspects of the content. It means that the
research is designed to summarize the content to be known the various aspects of the
content.
Sometimes the analysis of qualitative data is only briefly covered through
„coding‟
and the generation of theory from data. According to Miles and Huberman
(2014:5) qualitative research is conducted through intense and/or prolonged contact
with participants in a naturalistic setting to investigate the everyday and/or exceptional
lives of individuals, groups, societies, and organizations. Qualitative research uses
inductive thinking to analyze the data, which the researcher gets by, analyze identified
fact. The object of qualitative content analysis can be all sort of recorded
communication materials analyzed can be textbooks, newspaper, web pages, transcripts
of interviews, speeches, television programs, advertisement, musical compositions or
other type documents.
3.2
Sources of Data and Data
America
Safe
Again”
as
retrieved
from
(
http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/donald-trump-terrorism-speech-227025
).
And the da
ta presented in this analysis are the utterances of Donald Trump‟s
campaign speech in form scripts which are obtained from the internet.
3.3
Technique of Collecting Data
The technique for collecting data in this research take the following steps below
:
1.
First, finding the script of Donald Trump‟s campaign speech in
(
http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/donald-trump-terrorism-speech-227025
).
2.
Underlining deictic words found in the script of
Donald Trump‟s
campaign
speech.
3.
Classifying the types of deictic words in the script of Donald Trump‟s
campaign speech.
3.4
Technique of Data Analysis
The technique of data analaysis in this research is focused on four
characteristics, according to Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014), visualization:
1.
Data collection
This research begins with the steps of collecting data.
2.
Data condensation
The whole data on source data are condensed. In this research, the source of
data are campaign speech of Donald Trump from website.
a.
Selecting the data, the campaign speech of Donald Trump on August
15
th,
2016 with topic about “
How to Make America Safe
Again”
.
b.
Focusing the data, the data was focused on the use of deixis in utterances of
Donald Trump‟s campaign speech
.
Data
Collectio
n
Data
Display
Data
Condensa
tion
from campaign speech based on the problem.
d.
Abstracting the data, the data had been analyzed using Levinson and Yule
theories.
e.
Transforming the data, the data had been transform into description
based
on the table.
3.
Data display
Generically, a display is an organized, compressed assembly of information that
allows conclusion drawing and action. The process of reading, analyzing, had
been chosen through campaign speech of Donald Trump that contain the data for
analysis.
4.
Drawing and verifying conclusion
From the start of data collection, the qualitative analyst interprets what things
mean by noting patterns, explanation, causal flows and proposition. From the
Donald Trump‟s campaign speech, the types of deixis
namely personal,
temporal, spatial, discourse, and social would be found based on Levinson and
Yule theory, then the reasons of using dominant type of deixis and whether or
not the types of deixis appropriately in Donald Trump‟s campaign speech would
CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1
The Data Analysis
The campaign speech of Donald Trump on August 15
th, 2016 about “How to Make America Safe Again”
in Clevelnd, Ohio.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 1 Thank you. It is great to be
with youthis afternoon.
1. It
2. You
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
2 Today we begin a conversation about how to Make America Safe Again.
1. We 1. Today 1. America - - The use of “Today” refers to the day where Donald Trump gave a campaign speech about how to make America safe again. The pronoun “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people who watch, listen or attend the campaign speech. The use of “America” refers to the country. The country where Donald Trump gave a campaign speech and be a presidential candidate of America. 3 In the 20th Century, the
United States defeated Fascism, Nazism, and Communism.
- 1. In the 20th Century
1. The United States
- - The use of “In the 20th Century”
refers to the period where the United States defeated Fascism, Nazism, and Communism. The use of “United States” refers to the country. The country where Donald Trump be a presidential candidate of America. 4 Now, a different threat
challenges our world: Radical Islamic Terrorism.
1. Our 1. Now - - - The use of “Now” refers to the time
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 5 This summer, there has been
an ISIS attack launched outside the war zones of the Middle East every 84 hours.
- 1. Summer
2. Every 84 hours
1. The Middle East
1. This - The use of “This” refers to the season when ISIS attack. The use of “Summer” refers to the season where ISIS attack launched outside the war zones. The use of “Middle East” refers to the location ISIS attack. The use of “Every 84 hours” refers to the time ISIS attack.
6 Here, in America, we have seen one brutal attack after another.
1. We - 1. Here
2. In America
- - The use of “Here” refers to America.
The pronoun “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people who watch, listen or attend the campaign speech.
7 13 were murdered, and 38 wounded, in the assault on Ft. Hood.
- - 1. On Ft. Hood - - The use of “On Ft. Hood” refers to the military post in Killeen, Texas.
8 The Boston Marathon Bombing wounded and maimed 264 people, and ultimately left five dead – including 2 police officers.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
9 In Chattanooga, Tennessee, five unarmed marines were military recruiting center” refers to the place where unarmed marines were shot and killed.
10 Last December, 14 innocent Americans were gunned down at an office party in San Bernardino has attacked. The country where Donald Trump gave a campaign speech and be a presidential candidate of America. The use of “At an office party in san community in our history.
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 12 In Europe, we have seen the
same carnage and bloodshed inflicted upon our closest allies.
1. We
2. Our
- 1. In Europe - - The use of “In Europe” refers to the another attacked from ISIS. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people who watch, listen or attend the campaign speech. And the use of “Our” refers to the closest allies become a victims carnage and bloodshed by ISIS.
13 In January of 2015, aFrench satirical newspaper, Charlie Hebdo, was attacked for publishing cartoons of the prophet Mohammed. Twelve were killed, including two police officers, and 11 were wounded. Two days later, four were murdered in a Jewish Deli.
- 1. In January of 2015
2. Two days later
1. In a Jewish Deli
- 1. The prophet Mohammed
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
14 In November of 2015, terrorists went on a shooting rampage in Paris that slaughtered 130 people, and wounded another 368. France is suffering gravely, and the tourism industry is being massively affected in a most negative way.
- 1. In November of 2015
1. In Paris
2. France
- - The use of “In November of 2015”
refers to the time when ISIS attacked in Paris. The use of “In Paris” refers to the location ISIS attack. The use of “France” refers to the location got negative impacts by ISIS attack.
15 In March of this year, terrorists detonated a bomb in the Brussels airport, killing 32 and injuring 340.
- 1. In March of this year
1. In the Brussels airport
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social happened. The use of “In the South of France” refers to the location terrorist attack. The use of “His” refers to the truck of terrorist used to be an
to the time when ISIS attack in train. The use of “In Germany” refers to the location of ISIS attack. The use of “In a gruesome train attack” refers to one of ISIS attack in transportation. 18 Only days ago, an ISIS killer
invaded a Christian church in Normandy France, forced an 85-year-old priest to his knees, and slit his throat before his congregation.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
19 Overseas, ISIS has carried out one unthinkable atrocity after another. Children slaughtered, girls sold into slavery, men and women burned alive. Crucifixions, beheadings and drownings. Ethnic minorities targeted for mass execution. Holy sites desecrated. Christians driven from their homes and hunted for extermination. ISIS rounding-up what it calls the “nation of Christian leave their homes because their afraid of ISIS. The use of “Homes” refers to the place of Christian leave. The use of “It” refers to the name of attack by ISIS. And the use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people who watch, listen or attend the campaign speech. The use of “This” refers to the evil.
20 Nor can we let the hateful ideology of Radical Islam –its oppression of women, gays, children, and nonbelievers – be allowed to reside or spread within our own countries.
1. We
2. Its
3. Our
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social people who watch, listen or attend the campaign speech. and the American people who watch, listen or attend the campaign speech. And the use of “It” refers to the Radical Islamic Terrorism.
23 Anyone who cannot name our enemy, is not fit to lead this country, namely America. The use of “Country” refers to the America. The use of “Our” refers to the president. And the use of “President” refers to Obama who is a leader in America.
24 The rise of ISIS is the direct result of policy decisions made by President Obama and SecretaryClinton.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
25 Let‟s look back at the Middle East at the very beginning of 2009, before the Obama-Clinton Administration took over.
refers to the area of ISIS attack. And the use of “Beginning of 2009” refers to the time when ISIS attack at the Middle East.
26 Libya was stable. - - 1. Libya - - The use of “Libya” refers to the country in North Africa is stable from ISIS.
country through of ISIS attack. 30 The group that would become
what we now call ISIS was close to being extinguished.
1. We 1. Now - - - The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Now” refers to the time to being extinguished ISIS.
31 Iran was being choked off by economic sanctions.
- - 1. Iran - - The use of “Iran” refers to the
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social brave Americans are dead, and ISIS has gained a new base of operations.
1. Our - 1. Libya - - The use of “Libya” refers to the one
of ruin country by ISIS attack . The use of “Our” refers to the ambassador and three other brave Americans.
34 Syria is in the midst of a disastrous civil war. ISIS controls large portions of territory. A refugee crisis now threatens Europe and the refugees. The use of “Europe” refers to one of country have crisis refugees. And the use of “The United States” refers to the another country waterways in the world.
- - 1. In Egypt
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
37 ISIS has spread across the Middle East, and into the West. In 2014, ISIS was operating in some 7 nations. Today they are fully operational in 18 countries with aspiring branches in 6 efforts to manipulate their findings. “Today” refers to the time for success of ISIS in 18 countries. The use of “They” refers to the ISIS. The use of “It” refers to the success of ISIS more than before. The use of “That” refers to their believe. The use of “They” refers to the analysts. The use of “Their” refers to the findings of experience.
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 39 Iran, the world‟s largest state
sponsor of terrorism, is now flush with $150 billion in cash released by the United States – plus another $400 million in ransom. Worst of all, the Nuclear deal puts Iran, the number one state sponsor of Radical Islamic Terrorism, on a path to nuclear weapons.
- - 1. Iran
2. The United States
3. Iran
- - The use of “Iran” refers to the
sponsor of terrorism. The use of “The United States” refers to funders to foreign policy has unleashed ISIS, destabilized the Middle East, and put the nation of Iran–which chants „Death to America‟ – in a dominant Obama-Clinton foreign policy. The use of “Iran” refers to the dominant position and aspiring to be a dominant world power.
41 It all began in 2009 with what has become known as President Obama‟s global Apology Tour.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
42 In a series of speeches, President Obama described America as “arrogant,” “dismissive” “derisive” and a
“colonial power.” He
informed other countries that he would be speaking up about America’s “past errors.” He pledged that we would no longer be a “senior partner,” that “sought to dictate our terms.” He lectured CIA officers of the need to acknowledge their mistakes, and described Guantanamo Bay as a people. The use of “Our” refers to the terms of America. The use of “Their” refers to the CIA. The use of “Guantanamo Bay” refers to the prison in the United States of America. The use of “Our” refers to the enemies of America.
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 44 In winning the Cold War,
President Ronald Reagan repeatedly touted the superiority of freedom over communism, and called the USSR the Evil Empire.
- - - -
45 Yet, when President Obama delivered his address in Cairo, no such moral courage could be found. Instead of condemning the oppression of women and gays in many Muslim nations, and the systematic violations of human rights, or the financing of global terrorism, President Obama tried to draw an equivalency between our human rights record and theirs.
1. Our
2. Theirs
- 1. In Cairo - - The use of “In Cairo” refers to the President Obama‟s address. The use of “Our” refers to the human rights of American. The use of “Theirs” refers to human rights of woman and gays in many Muslim nations.
46 His naive words were followed by even more naive actions.
1. His - - - - The use of “His” refers to the
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
47 The failure to establish a new Status of Forces Agreement in Iraq, and the election-driven timetable for withdrawal, surrendered our gains in that country and led directly to the rise of ISIS.
1. Our - 1. In Iraq
2. Country
1. That - The use of “In Iraq” refers to the place of establish a new status of Forces Agreement. The use of “Our” refers to the gains of America. The use of “That”refers to the country. And the use of “Country” refers to the Iraq.
48 The failures in Iraq were compounded by Hillary Clinton‟s disaster in Libya. President Obama has since said he regards Libya as his worst mistake. According to then-Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, the invasion of Libya was nearly a split decision, butHillary Clinton‟s forceful advocacy for the intervention was the deciding factor. got failures because Hillary Clinton. The use of “In Libya” refers to the location of disaster. The use of “He” refers to the President Obama. The use of “Libya” refers to worst mistake according to President Obama. The use of “Libya” here is different with reference above, this refers to the split decision because invansion. The use of “But” refers to the forceful advocacy by Hillary Clinton.
49 With one episode of bad judgment after another, Hillary Clinton‟s policies launched ISIS onto the world.
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 50 Yet, as she threw the Middle
East into violent turmoil, things turned out well for her. The Clintons made almost $60 million in gross income while she was Secretary of State.
1. She turmoil because Hillary Clinton. The use of “She” refers to Hillary Clinton.
51 Incident after incident proves again and again: Hillary Clinton lacks the judgement, the temperament and the challenge we must confront to turn this country around.
1. She the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “But” refers to the trade and every challenge. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Country” refers to the America.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
53 Our current strategy of nation-building and regime change is a proven failure. We have created the vacuums that allow terrorists to grow and thrive.
1. Our
2. We
- - - - The use of “Our” refers to the failed
strategy in nation building and regime change. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people.
54 I was an opponent of the Iraq war from the beginning – a major difference between me and my opponent.
1. I
2. Me
3. My
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 55 Though I was a private
citizen, whose personal opinions on such matters was interview with Neil Cavuto, to whom I offer my best wishes speaker and the presidential candidate of America. The use of “My” refers to the private. The use of “Three months” refers to the time before the invasion. The use of “My” refers to the wishes of Donald Trump. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “It” refers to the speedy recovery.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 58 "What was the purpose of this
whole thing? Hundreds and hundreds of young people killed. And what about the people coming back with no arms and legs? Not to mention the other side. All those Iraqi kids who've been blown to pieces. And it turns out that all of the reasons for the war were blatantly wrong. All this for nothing." catastrophic mistake Hillary Clinton and President Obama made with the reckless way in which they pulled out.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
60 After we had made those hard-fought sacrifices and gains, we should never have made such a sudden with drawal – on a timetable advertised to our enemies. Al Qaeda in Iraq had been decimated, and Obama and Clinton gave it new life and allowed it to spread across the world.
1. We
2. We
3. It
4. It
- 1. Iraq - - The use two of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Iraq” refers to the location of Al Qaeda. The use two of “It” refers to the Al Qaeda.
61 By that same token, President Obama and Hillary Clinton should never have attempted to build a Democracy in Libya, to push for immediate regime change in Syria or to support the overthrow of Mubarak in Egypt.
- - 1. In Libya
2. In Syria
3. In Egypt
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
63 If they had listened to me lives would have been saved.
1. They “Me” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker and the presidential candidate of America. The use of “I” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker and the candidate presidential of America. belonged the spoils. Instead, all we got from Iraq– and our adventures in the Middle East – was death, destruction and tremendous financial loss.
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 65 But it is time to put the
mistakes of the past behind us, and chart a new course.
1. It
2. Us
1. Time
2. The past
- 1. But - The use of “But” refers to the another reason by speaker. The use of “Time” refers to the present. The use of “The past” refers to the time of mistakes. The use of “Us” refers to forget of mistakes in the past.
66 If I become President, the era of nation-building will be ended. Our new approach, which must be shared by both parties in America, by our allies overseas, and by our friends in the Middle East, must be to halt the spread of Radical Islam.
1. I
2. Our
3. Our
4. Our
- 1. In America
2. In the Middle East
- - The use of “I” refers to the Donald
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
67 All actions should be oriented around this goal, and any country which shares this goal will be our ally. We cannot always choose our friends, but we can never fail to recognize our enemies.
1. Our
2. We
3. Our
4. We
5. Our
- - 1. This
2. This
3. But
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 68 As President, I will call for an
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
69 We will also work closely with NATO on this new mission. I had previously said that NATO was obsolete because it failed to deal adequately with terrorism; since my comments they have changed their policy and now have a new division focused and the American people. The use of “This” refers to the new mission. The use of “I” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker and the candidate presidential of America. The use of “It” refers to the new mission. The use of “My” refers to the comments. The use of “They” refers to the NATO. The use of “Their” refers to the policy of NATO. The use of “Now” refers to have a new division focused on terror threats.
70 I also believe that we could battles with Islamic terrorism.
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 71 My Administration will
aggressively pursue joint and coalition military operations to crush and destroy ISIS, international cooperation to cutoff their funding, expanded intelligence sharing, and cyberwarfare to disrupt and disable their propaganda and recruiting. We cannot allow the internet to be used as a recruiting tool, and for other purposes, by our enemy –we must shut down their access to this form of communication, and we must do so immediately.
1. My
2. Their
3. Their
4. We
5. Our
6. We
7. Their
- - 1. This - The use of “My” refers to the
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
72 Unlike Hillary Clinton, who has risked so many lives with her careless handling of sensitive information, my Administration will not telegraph exact military plans to the enemy. I have often said that General MacArthur and General Patton would be in a state of shock if they were alive today to see the way President Obama and Hillary Clinton try to recklessly announce their every move before it happens – like they did in Iraq – so that the enemy can prepare and adapt.
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 73 The fight will not be limited to
ISIS. We will decimate Al Qaeda, and we will seek to starve funding for Iran -backed Hamas and Hezbollah. We can use existing UN Security Council resolutions to apply new sanctions.
1. We
2. We
3. We
- 1. Iran - - The use three of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Iran” refers to Hamas and Hezbollah.
74 Military, cyber and financial warfare will all be essential in dismantling Islamic terrorism.
- - -
75 But we must use ideological warfare as well.
1. We - - 1. But - The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “But” refers to the reason by Donald Trump as the presidential candidate. 76 Just as we won the Cold War,
in part, by exposing the evils of communism and the virtues of free markets, so too must we take on the ideology of Radical Islam.
1. We
2. We
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
77 While my opponent accepted millions of dollars in Foundation donations from countries where being gay is an offense punishable by prison or death, my Administration will speak out against the oppression of women, gays and people of different faith.
1. My
2. My
- - - - The use of “My” refers to the
opponent of Donald Trump. Meanwhile the use of “My‟ here refers to the administration of Donald Trump.
78 Our Administration will be a friend to all moderate Muslim reformers in the Middle East, and will amplify their voices.
1. Our
2. Their
- 1. In the Middle East
- - The use of “Our” refers to the
administration. The use of “In the Middle East” refers to the friend of administration. The use of “Their” refers to the voices.
79 This includes speaking out against the horrible practice of honor killings, where women are murdered by their relatives for dressing, marrying or acting in a way that violates fundamentalist teachings.
1. Their - - 1. This - The use of “This” refers to what have
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 80 Over 1,000 Pakistani girls are
estimated to be the victims of honor killings by their relatives each year. Recently, a prominent Pakistani social media star was strangled to relatives each year. The use of “Each year” refers to over 1,000 Pakistani “Home” refers to the place to stay.
81 Shockingly, this is a practice that has reached our own shores.
1. Our - - 1. This - The use of “This” refers to the
confession by murder. The use of “Our” refers to the shores.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
83 To defeat Islamic terrorism, we must also speak out forcefully against a hateful ideology that provides the breeding ground for violence and terrorism to grow.
1. We - - - - The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people.
84 A new immigration policy is needed as well
- - - -
85 The common thread linking the major Islamic terrorist attacks that have recently occurred on our soil – 9/11, the Ft. Hood shooting, the Boston Bombing, the San Bernardino attack, the Orlando attack – is that they have involved immigrants or the children of immigrants.
1. They - 1. The Ft.Hood
2. The Boston
3. The San Bernardino
4. The Orlando
1. That - The use of “The Ft.Hood” refers to the location of shooting. The use of “The Boston” refers to the location of bombing. The use of “The San Bernardino” refers to the location of attack. The use of “That” refers to what have happened. The use of “They” refers to the terrorists.
86 Clearly, new screening procedures are needed.
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 87 A review by the U.S. Senate
Immigration Subcommittee has identified 380 foreign-born individuals charged with terrorism or terrorism related offenses between 9/11 and 2014, and many more since then.
- 1. 2014 1. U.S - - The use of “U.S” refers to the Senate Immigration Subcommittee. The use of “2014” refers to the when 380 foreign identified born individuals charged with terrorism.
88 We also know that ISIS recruits refugees after their entrance into the country– as we have seen with the Somali refugee population in Minnesota.
1. We
2. Their
3. We
- 1. The country
2. The Somali
3. In Minnesota
- - The use of “We” refers to the Donald
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
89 Beyond terrorism, as we have seen in France, foreign populations have brought their anti-Semitic attitudes with them. and the American people. The use of “In France” refers to the location foreign populations. The use of “Their” refers to the foreign populations. The use of “Them” refers to the foreign populations. 90 Pew polling shows that in
many of the countries from which we draw large numbers of immigrants, extreme views about religion – such as the and the American people
91 A Trump Administration will establish a clear principle that will govern all decisions pertaining to immigration: we should only admit into this country those who share our values and respect our people.
1. We
2. Our
3. Our
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 92 In the Cold War, we had an
ideological screening test. The time is overdue to develop a new screening test for the threats we face today.
1. We 1. The time
2. Today
- - - The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “The time” refers to when cold war happen. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Today” refers to present day.
93 In addition to screening out all members or sympathizers of terrorist groups, we must also screen out any who have hostile attitudes towards our country or its principles – or who believe that Sharia law should supplant American law.
1. We
2. Our
3. Its
- 1. Country - - The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Our” refers to the country. The use of “Country” refers to America. The use of “Its” refers to the principles.
94 Those who do not believe in our Constitution, or who support bigotry and hatred, will not be admitted for immigration into the country.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
95 Only those who we expect to and the American people. The use of “Our” refers to the country, namely America. The use of “Country” refers to America.
96 To put these new procedures in place, we will have to temporarily suspend immigration from some of the most dangerous and volatile regions of the world that have a history of exporting terrorism.
1. We - - - - The use of “We” refers to the Donald
Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 98 The size of current
immigration flows are simply too large to perform adequate screening.
- - - -
99 We admit about 100,000 permanent immigrants from the Middle East every year. Beyond that, we admit hundreds of thousands of temporary workers and visitors from the same regions. If we don‟t control the numbers, we can‟t perform adequate screening.
1. We
2. We
3. We
4. We
1. Every year 1. The Middle East
1. That - The use four of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “The Middle East” refers to the location 100,000 permanent immigrants. The use of “Every year” refers to the time when America admit immigrants. The use of “That” 100,000 permanent immigrants.
100 By contrast, my opponent wants to increase the flow of Syrian refugees by 550% percent.
1. My - - - - The use of “My” refers to the
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
101 The United States Senate Subcommittee on Immigration estimates that Hillary Clinton‟s plan would mean roughly 620,000 refugees from all current refugee-sending nations in her first term, assuming no cuts to other refugee programs. This would be additional to all other nonrefugee immigration.
1. Her - 1. The United
States
- 1. This The use of “The United States” refers to the Senate Subcommittee on Immigration. The use of “Her” refers to the first term. The use of “This” refers to the refugee programs.
102 The Subcommittee estimates her plan would impose a lifetime cost of roughly $400 billion when you include the costs of healthcare, welfare, housing, schooling, and all other entitlement benefits that are excluded from the State
Department‟s placement
figures.
1. Her
2. You
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 103 In short, Hillary Clinton wants
to be America‟s Angela Merkel, and you know what a disaster this massive immigration has been to audience. The use of “This” refers to the immigration. The use of “Germany” refers to the location of immigrants. The use of “Germany” refers to the people of Germany. The use of “They” refers to the immigrants. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Our” refers to the country. The use of “Country” refers to the America. The use of “We” and the American people. The use of “Our” refers to the security procedures.
105 Another common feature of the past attacks that have occurred on our soil is that warning signs were ignored.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
106 The 9/11 hijackers had fraud all over their visa applications.
1. Their - - - - The use of “Their” refers to the visa
applications.
107 The Russians warned us about the Boston Bombers, here on political asylum, and the attackers were even twice interviewed by the FBI.
1. Us - 1. The Boston - - The use of “Us” refers to the American people. The use of “The Boston” refers to the location of bomb.
108 The female San Bernardino shooter, here on a fiance visa from Saudi Arabia, wrote of her support for Jihad online. A neighbor saw suspicious behavior but didn‟t warn authorities, because said they didn‟t want to be accused of racially profiling –now many are dead and gravely wounded.
1. Her
2. They
1. Now 1. San Bernardino
2. Here
3. Saudi Arabia
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 109 The shooter in Orlando
reportedly celebrated in his classroom after 9/11. He too was interviewed by the FBI. His father, a native of Afghanistan, supported the oppressive Taliban regime, and expressed anti-American views – and by the way, was just seen sitting behind Hillary Clinton with a big smile on “Afghanistan” refers to the native of his father. The use of “Her” refers to the speech. The use of “She” refers to of “He” refers to the shooter. The use of “We” refers to the Anti-American. The use of “You” refers to whoever read that.
111 These warnings signs were ignored because political
1. Our - - - - The use of “Our” refers to the
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
112 That is why one of my first acts as President will be to establish a Commission on Radical Islam – which will include reformist voices in the Muslim community who will hopefully work with us. We want to build bridges and erase divisions.
1. My
2. Us
3. We
- - 1. That - The use of “That” refers to the reason of Donald Trump. The use of “My” refers to the first acts as Presiden by Donald Trump. The use of “Us” refers to American people. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people.
113 The goal of the commission will be to identify and explain to the American public the core convictions and beliefs of Radical Islam, to identify the warning signs of radicalization, and to expose the networks in our society that support radicalization.
1. Our - - - - The use of “Our” refers to the
society.
114 This commission will be used to develop new protocols for local police officers, federal investigators, and immigration screeners.
- - - 1. This - The use of “This” refers to the
Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social 115 We will also keep open
Guantanamo Bay, and place a renewed emphasis on human intelligence. Drone strikes will remain part of our strategy, but we will also seek to capture high-value targets to gain needed information to dismantle their organizations. Foreign combatants will be tried in military commissions.
1. We and the American people. The use of “Guantanamo Bay” refers to the location will keep open by Donald Trump. The use of “Our” refers to the strategy. The use of “Their” refers to the organizations.
116 Finally, we will pursue aggressive criminal or immigration charges against anyone who lends material support to terrorism. Similar to the effort to take down the mafia, this will be the understood mission of every federal investigator and prosecutor in the country.
1. We - 1. The country 1. This - The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “The country” refers to the America.
117 To accomplish a goal, you must state a mission: the support networks for Radical Islam in this country will be
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
118 Immigration officers will also have their powers restored: those who are guests in our country that are preaching hate will be asked to return home.
1. Their - - - - The use of “Their‟ refers to the
powers restored.
119 To make America safe again, we must work together again.
1. We - 1. America - - The use of “America” refers to the goal of Donald Trump. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
122 This also means we have to promote the exceptional virtues of our own way of life Radical Islamic Terrorism unless. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Our” refers to the way of life. The use of “Our” refers to the society. 123 Pride in our institutions, our
history and our values should be taught by parents and teachers, and impressed upon all who join our society. Assimilation is not an act of hostility, but an expression of compassion. Our system of government, and our American culture, is the best in the world and will produce the best outcomes for all who to the values. The use of “Our” refers to the society. The use of “But” refers to an expression of compassion. The use of “Our” refers to the system of government. The use of “Our” refers to the American culture. The use of “In the world” refers to the place where we stay. The use of “It” refers to the best outcomes.
124 This approach will not only make us safer, but bring us closer together as a country.
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
125 Renewing this spirit of “Country” refers to the America. The use of “It” refers to the spirit. The use of “So” refers to the conclusion by speaker. The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people. The use of “Us” refers to the apart. 126 This is my pledge to the
No Utterances Types of Deixis References Personal Temporal Spatial Discourse Social
127 Only this way, will we make America Great Again and Safe Again – For Everyone.
1. We - - 1. This - The use of “This” refers to the way.
The use of “We” refers to the Donald Trump as the speaker, the audience, and the American people.
4.1.2 The Reasons Why Personal Deixis as Dominant Type in Donald
Trump’s Campaign Speech
.
In this study, there are 5 types of deixis found in the Donald Trump‟s
campaign speech. They are personal deixis, temporal deixis, spatial deixis,
discourse deixis and social deixis.
Table 4.1 : The Percentage of Types of Deixis
No Types of Deixis
The Donald Trump‟s Campaign Speech
Total Percentage
1 Personal 255 54%
2 Temporal 42 9%
3 Spatial 116 12%
4 Discourse 55 24%
5 Social 4 1%
Total 472 100%
