REPORT
THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR &
VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
(Shin-Koto Incineration Plant)
TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
Tokyo, Japan 15 – 19 May 2017
Held by:
Arranged by:
Harry Anugerah Pradana
120820160063
Master of Management Program
Faculty of Economics and Business
Universitas Padjadjaran
It was my first trip to Japan. My friends and I, were from the STAR-BPKP scholarship program. We attended The International Joint Seminar & Company Visit Overseas. This program held by MM FEB Unpad, to show its mission statement with the aim of nurturing highly skilled professionals in the area of international environment.
A. Marketing Analysis
As we know, Japan is one of advanced country in the world as an economic and demographic trend-setter. Japan is a technologically country which has an important role in the international trading system. It became a key player in the global economy and the global supply chain with strong protections and established rule of law for intellectual and real property rights.
Politically, Japan's economy is strongly supported by policies made by its government. Prime Minister Abe has been implementing economic policies to revitalize the economy. These new economic policies were known as “Abenomics”, a strategy that combines monetary easing, expansive fiscal policy, and structural reform.
On this visiting occasion to this Sakura country, there are so many knowledge and new experiences that can be taken, especially about the concept of marketing mix from some places we have visited. In modern marketing, marketing mix is one of the basic concepts. The marketing mix has been defined as the set of actions or tactics that a firm uses to promote its product or brand in the target market. Kotler (2002) explained that marketing mix (4P) includes product, price, place, and promotion:
a. Product: everything that is offered to a market to desire a need.
b. Price: the amount of money required to gain a number of items and services.
c. Place: a marketing activity that seeks expedite or facilitate the delivery of goods and services from producers to consumers so that its use as required.
d. Promotion: the form of marketing activities, which communicate the brand, product, and service to the user. The purpose is to make people aware and attract to buy the product.
We visited several places, which are Nakamise Dori, Tokyo Sky Tree, Ameyoko, Ginza, Tsukiji Fish Outer Market, Shin-Koto Incineration Plant, Odaiba, Takushoku University, Harajuku (Takeshita Dori), Akihabara, and Shisui Premium Outlet. These places have own characteristics in marketing mix concept. The
I thought, it was an interesting concept about marketing. Finally we decided to buy some kind of souvenir before leaving this location.
Tokyo Sky Tree
The Tokyo Skytree is a landmark of Tokyo and television broadcasting tower. It’s the centerpiece of the Tokyo Sky Tree Town in Sumida City Ward, not far from Asakusa. The height is about 634 meters (634 can be read as "Musashi", a historic name of the Tokyo Region), it’s the tallest structure in Japan and the second tallest in the world at the time of its completion. At the base, there is a large shopping complex with aquarium.
There are two observation decks which offer spectacular views out over Tokyo in this place. The two enclosed decks are located at heights of 450 and 350 meters respectively, become the highest observation decks in Japan and some of the highest in the world.
Tembo Deck, the lower deck between the two decks is 350 meters high and spans three floors with stunning views from all floors. The top floor features tall, broad windows that offer some of the best 360 degree panoramic views of the city. The middle floor has a souvenir shop and the Musashi Sky Restaurant, which serves French-Japanese fusion cuisine, while the lowest floor features a cafe and some glass panels on the ground from where you can look all the way down to the base of the tower.
A second set of elevators connects the Tembo Deck to the 450 meter high Tembo Gallery. Dubbed "the world's highest skywalk", the Tembo Gallery consists of a sloping spiral ramp that gains height as it circles the tower. The construction of the steel and glass tube allows visitors to look down from the dizzying height of the tower and out over the Kanto Region to spectacular distances.
At the top of the spiral ramp is a more conventional observation deck floor with lounging areas and tall windows from which to look out over Tokyo. This floor is officially located at 451.2 meters and constitutes the highest point of the observation decks.
A visit to the Tokyo Skytree starts on the 4th floor where the tickets for the first observation deck (but not for the second deck) are sold. A fast and smooth elevator ride takes visitors to the top floor of the first observation deck where tickets for the second
Here, we also can get some souvenirs and merchandises from Tokyo Sky Tree We can find the store right before exit door. The products are so impressive, it is identical of this place. Many visitors buy the merchandises because of this reason.
Ameyoko (Ueno)
Ameyoko is a busy market street along the Yamanote Line tracks between Okachimachi and Ueno Stations. The name "Ameyoko" is a short form for "Ameya Yokocho" (candy store alley), as candies were traditionally sold there. Alternatively, "Ame" also stands for "America", because a lot of American products used to be available there when the street was the site of a black market in the years following World War Two. Today, various products such as clothes, bags, cosmetics, fresh fish, dried food and spices are sold along Ameyoko. Opening hours and closing days depend on individual stores, but stores typically open around 10:00 and close around 20:00. Many stores remain closed on selected Wednesdays.
From this place, we witnessed the persistence of the Japanese spirit in offering their products, such as: ranging from endless shouting, climbing onto the seats for attention, and also try to use the local language of the visitors. It is kind of amazing possible. Indeed, I wanna try this gun immediately.
Ginza
The Ginza is Tokyo's most famous upmarket shopping, dining and entertainment district, featuring numerous department stores, boutiques, art galleries, restaurants, night clubs and cafes. One square meter of land in the district's center is worth over ten million yen, making it one of the most expensive real estate in Japan. It is where you can find the infamous $10 cups of coffee and where virtually every leading brand name in fashion and cosmetics has a presence. From 1612 to 1800, today's Ginza district was the site of a silver coin mint (Ginza means "silver mint" in Japanese), after which the district was eventually named. The Ginza evolved as an upmarket shopping district following the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake.
At Ginza, we got an unique thing about Japanese marketing. This marketing uses a technology. There is a robot that attracts visitors, where the robot is doing marketing communication activities by greeting and offering to shop at the store that he guarded. And interestingly again, conversations between robots and visitors occur reciprocity like conversations between humans. This is a proof that Japan is a country with advanced technology.
Tsukiji Fish Outer Market
Tsukiji Market is a large wholesale market for fish, fruits and vegetables in central Tokyo. It is the most famous of over ten wholesale markets that handle the distribution of food and flowers in Tokyo. Tsukiji Market is best known as one of the world's largest fish markets, handling over 2,000 tons of marine products per day.
Tsukiji Market is expected to close and move to a new site in Toyosu in the near future. The move was originally scheduled for November 2016, but then delayed indefinitely by the governor. It is now expected to happen around winter 2017/2018 at the earliest.
so much over recent years, that they have become a problem to the course of business, as the aging market's infrastructure was not anticipated to serve as a tourist spot.
Tsukiji Market consists of an inner market where most of the wholesale business and the famous tuna auctions are taking place, and an outer market whose retail shops and restaurants cater to the public. A few restaurants are also found in the inner market.
When we got there, Tsukiji daughter and wife. I know this food from my childhood. This food is a kind of cake. This food is DORAYAKI. Doraemon’s favorite food.
Odaiba
Odaiba is a popular shopping and entertainment district on a man made island in Tokyo Bay. It originated as a set of small man made fort islands (daiba literally means "fort"), which were built towards the end of the Edo
Period (1603-1868) to protect Tokyo
against possible attacks from the sea
and specifically in response to the
gunboat diplomacy of Commodore Perry.
More than a century later, the small islands
were joined into larger islands by
massive landfills, and Tokyo began a
spectacular development project
aimed to turn the islands into a futuristic
residential and business district
during the extravagant 1980s.
But development was critically slowed
after the burst of the "bubble economy" and date spots with a wide selection of shopping, dining and leisure options.
Takushoku University
Takushoku University is an international university with a rich history and tradition that was established in 1900 with a pledge to cultivate global individuals capable of contributing to Asia and the world. Many of our 130,000 graduates are active overseas. Of those seeking to study abroad, 80 percent or more are able to fulfill that dream, and the university offers courses in fourteen foreign languages. There are approximately a thousand foreign students attending the university.
My friends and I, attended a joint seminar at Takushoku University. At Takushoku University Campus we were accepted by Professor Yoshino and together with our Indonesian colleagues gathered in a futuristic lecture hall. The classrooms we use are designed to accommodate up many trendy shops, fashion boutiques, used clothes stores, crepe stands and fast food outlets geared towards the fashion and trend conscious teens.
Here, we do not have much time to see the whole area, so we just focus to Daiso shop to buy additional gifts, because the price of the goods is fantastic fantastic cheap.
Akihabara
Akihabara, also called Akiba after a former local shrine, is a district in central Tokyo that is famous for its many electronics shops. In more recent years, Akihabara has gained recognition as the center of Japan's otaku (diehard fan) culture, and many shops and establishments devoted to anime and manga are now dispersed among the electronic stores in the district.
Hundreds of electronics shops, ranging from tiny one-man stalls specializing in a particular electronic component to large electronics retailers, line the main Chuo Dori street and the crowded side streets around Akihabara. They offer everything from the newest computers, cameras, televisions, mobile phones, electronics parts and home appliances to second-hand goods and electronic junk.
The character of Akihabara has constantly changed over the decades and continues to do so. In the last decade Akihabara has emerged as a center of Japanese otaku and anime culture, and dozens of stores specializing in anime, manga, retro video games, figurines, card games and other collectibles have filled the spaces between the purchases over 5001 yen for food products and cosmetics, and over 10,000 for other shops (per 1 store) are tax-free, so visitors from abroad will be able to enjoy an even services at the airport. Queues are strictly regulated and disciplined, no one is allowed to cross the queue, and the number of queues in each path is no more than 5 queues. After the immigration and customs services, the officer immediately asked us to go to the waiting room that has been provided in the waiting area of arrival, not allowed us to stand in any place. It is a very simple thing, but it has surprised us, how Japanese do their job.
Before we left the airport, we met the local guide, he was Mr. Deden, a funny and impressive guy. He always reminded us to be right on schedule. He also emphasized, the bus had an accurate operating schedule and every minute of delay will be very influential on the schedule that has been set. The tour members will left behind if they didn’t obey the schedule. A simple thing about timeliness. Japan people always appreciate the time.
lesson that Japanese only focus on substance, they do not care about additional things that do not affect the goal.
The habit of walking, cycling and using public transportation makes the roads so neat without traffic jams. When rush hour arrives, the number of pedestrians is so large and very crowded, the tour guide made the term "black ants march", but it is still very regular. This condition is possible due to the discipline of Japanese people and of course supported by good infrastructure.
Speaking of infrastructure, I am very impressed with the sidewalks in this Country. How spacious and organized so that pedestrians are very comfortable to be there. In addition, the environment around the road is also very clean. I rarely find garbage scattered on the side of the road in Tokyo City.
My friends and I, also have interesting experience about the infrastructure of public transportation. At night, we tried to catch the train at Shinagawa Station. Inside the station we found an easy and practical riding procedure, although this was our first experience. I learnt another culture, that Japanese people can easily comply with existing regulations, we saw that the entrance to the railway is not directly guarded by officers, all using computerization and still possible to be broken, but they obey the rule of system. Officers are only far away and give directions when anyone needs some help, and the anyone is my friends and i.
C. COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS
SHIN-KOTO INCINERATION PLANT
Background
Plant Overview
Site Area 61,000 m2
Incineration 1,800 tonase/day
Construction cost 88 billion yen approximately
Completed September 1998
Building scale Reinforced concrete (partially iron framed); Nine stories above
(partially one under) the ground
Building site 28,000 m2 approximately
Total floor area 77,000 m2 approximately
Stack Outer cylinder ; reinforced concrete made
Inner cylinder Stainless steel sheet made
Height 150 m
Budget
Initial budget for FY 2016: ¥ 69.256 Billion (USD 692.56 Million)
Component Descriptions Yen (in operational expenses of incineration plants, etc.
Carry over Carryover from reserve fund 1.866 18.66 2.7%
Others - 0.328 3.28 0.4%
Expenditures 69.256 692.56
Waste management costs
Maintenance costs required for regular inspections of incineration plants, utility costs, purchasing costs of chemicals to protect the environment, labor costs, etc.
46.601 466.01 67.3%
Waste Management
Waste management in 23 cities in Tokyo includes collect and transfer waste described as follows:
(1) Collection
Each city sets collection days and areas depending on the type of waste, and conducts efficient operations drafting operation plans that correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends in waste amount. Waste processing in the 23 Cities is free of charge for household waste (excluding the disposal of waste exceeding 10 kg per day), while large-sized waste and business-generated waste are charged.
(2) Transfer
To ensure efficient transfer, transfer methods are determined based on the types of waste (combustible, incombustible or large-sized).
Combustible-waste
Combustible waste is loaded onto collection vehicles (such as compaction type vehicle) on collection sites, from which it is directly transferred to an incineration plant.
Incombustible-waste
Incombustible waste is transferred to either the Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center or the Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste Processing Center. Since both are located on the waterfront, some cities have established land or boat transfer stations, where waste is reloaded onto container vehicles or vessels for relayed transfer. Such relayed transfer contributes to improved transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.
Large-sized waste
Large-sized waste is delivered to the Large-Sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. Cities that have a transfer station conduct relayed transfer by reloading it from smaller collection vehicles onto larger vehicles. Such relayed transfer contributes to improve transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion and alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.
Intermediate Treatment
(1) Processing Combustible Waste
incinerating waste, its volume is reduced to approximately one-twentieth. By recycling a part of bottom ash into cement materials, and by melting it into slag, the amount going to the landfill is further reduced. Emissions of hazardous substances within exhaust and wastewater from the incineration plants is controlled and reduced to lower impact on the environment. In an incineration plant, power generation and heat supply are performed using the heat energy of waste incineration.
(2) Improper Waste Disposal May Cause a Halt or Failure of Incinerators
Combustibles carried into incineration plants sometimes contain waste unsuitable for incineration, such as metals, glass, or oversized waste that exceeds the disposal capacity of the plant. Such improper waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a great deal of money and time before recovery. Once the facilities become incapable of accepting waste, waste collection and transfer operations will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management in all 23 cities. Every year some incineration plants are forced to stop operation due to improper waste. To prevent carry-in of improper waste, and to ensure safe and stable plant operation, inspection of incoming waste is reinforced, and awareness-raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are also set to enhance the above inspection and to perform close observation at platforms in each incineration plant. Overall regular inspection on incoming waste is also conducted at all incineration plants, in collaboration with the 23 cities.
(3) Bottom Ash is Recycled as Cement Materials
When combustible waste is incinerated, bottom ash and fly ash are generated. Bottom ash after removing ash to be melted into slag, as well as fly ash after processed with chemicals, are sent to landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has been established and is managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Because it is extremely difficult to find new landfill disposal sites in the Tokyo Port, a full-scale initiative has been undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement materials, for the purpose of reducing the amount of landfill disposal and achieving more efficient use of resources. Through this project in 2015, 5000 tons of bottom ash was used as cement materials. In the initiatives for recycling bottom ash into cement materials, bottom ash that is generated in incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight vehicles/trains, and efficiently used as Portland cement materials. Cement materials include limestone, clay, silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom ash is used as a substitute for clay.
(4) Bottom Ash is Melted Into Slag
When bottom ash is melted at a high temperature of over 1.200 ˚C (2,192 ˚F) and then rapidly cooled, it turns into sandy slag. As slag, the volume is almost half that of ash, and approximately one-fortieth of is original state as waste. The process of making slag decomposes dioxins within the ash, and traps heavy metals inside, thereby making it safe and efficient for use as construction material, etc.
(5) Environmental Measures to Prevent Exhaust and Wastewater Emissions
Measure Overview
Measures to
counter exhaust emissions
Soot and dust Removed by bag filters
Dioxins Generation of dioxins is restricted trough control of filters and by liquid chelate in the gas scrubber. Hydrogen chlorides
and sulfur oxides
Removed by injecting slaked time into bag filters, and through a chemical reaction with caustic soda solution in the gas scrubber.
Measures to counter wastewater emissions
Wastewater is treated in the wastewater treatment facilities to meet the standard value, and released into the sewer.
Measures to
counter odor
Waste bunkers Air form inside the waste bunker is sent to the incinerator, where odor is incinerated and decomposed.
Platforms Entrances/exits are sealed with air curtains, and deodorizing agents are spread.
Waste collection vehicles
A washing facilities for collection vehicles is installed.
Measures to counter noise and vibration Care is taken for the layout of machinery. Soundproof walls and vibration-control equipment are installed.
Environmental measures for bottom ash and fly ash
Ash is melted and hazardous substances are stabilized using chemicals.
(6) Putting The Heat Energy Generated from Incineration to Beneficial Use
Incineration plants use the heat energy generated from waste incineration beneficially in power generation and in supplying energy. Electricity and hot water produced at plants are used within facilities to operate the plant, thereby reducing electricity purchase and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. All of the plants sell electricity, and four plants sell heat as hot water to other facilities.
(7) Processing Incombustible Waste and Large-Sized Waste
Incombustible waste is pulverized before sent to landfill disposal
Incombustible waste is process at two incombustible waste processing centers. The process is divided into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste is pulverization to reduce its volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. Incombustibles also contain recyclable resources, such as ferrous metals aluminum, which are separated and collected.
Large-sized waste treatment process differs by property of waste
Large-sized waste is separated into combustible large-sized waste, such as wooden furniture, and into incombustible sized waste, such as bicycles. The separation work is performed manually at large-size waste transfer stations in each city, or at the receiving yard of the large-large-sized waste pulverization process facility. Combustible residue after pulverization is incinerated at the incineration plant, while incombustible residue is sent to landfill disposal sites.
Landfill Disposal Sites
At the Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and New Sea Surface Disposal Site, established and managed by The Tokyo Metropolitan Government, residue after treating general waste in the 23 Cities, waste from municipal facilities such as sewage sludge, and industrial waste from small and medium sized companies in Tokyo are put to landfill disposal.
Combustible waste and combustible part of large sized waste after pulverization are incinerated. A part of the bottom ash is recycled into cement materials or melted into slag, while the remainder of bottom ash and chemically treated fly ash goes to landfill.
In addition to waste, materials from dredging the sea and rivers as well as fill generated by construction (dirt and sand) are buried in landfills, but are placed separately from waste because their treatment method differs.
Methods of Landfill Disposal
On a landfill disposal site, furrows are made with waste. When a furrow reaches the height of approx. 3 meters, it is covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Subsequently, waste is buried in the resulting ridge. When the ridge is filled, it is also covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Landfill disposal is performed by repeating these steps (sandwich pattern).
The soil covering prevents the scattering of waste, spread of odor, vermin, and fire. Bottom ash is disposed of using a framing method, where a trench is created into which ash is dumped, so that it will not be dispersed by wind.
Structure of Landfill Disposal Sites
Landfill disposal sites are categorized into three types, depending on the level of impact the filled waste presents, namely, inert waste disposal sites, controlled disposal sites and strictly controlled disposal sites. The Outer Central Breakwater Landfill Disposal Site and the eastern area of New Sea Surface Disposal Site are strictly controlled disposal sites that accept general waste and industrial waste.
These sites are equipped with banks consisting of double steel tubing sheet piles to prevent leachate water from seeping out of the landfill disposal sites and contaminating groundwater or public waters. Leachate is processed in the water collecting equipment, the leachate treatment plants, and other facilities.
Opinion and Recommendation
Japan is one of the leading Countries in the world to be a pilot in waste management. This company visit becomes a program that provides a very valuable experience. This program gives the opportunity to me to find out more about waste management facilities in Tokyo, namely Shin-Koto Incineration Plant. This is one of the largest incineration plant in Japan. It incinerates 1,800 tons of garbage a day and has an important role in waste management processes conducted in 23 cities in Tokyo.
The results of this company visit gives insight to me that all the process of operations, including insert garbage into the incinerator, controlled by computer, only a few of the needed human resources in order to make more efficiency the cost of operation. The system is controlled by the computer can reduce the level of error that may occur when done by human beings, which is an error in this process can have a major impact for the plant and its surroundings. With a computer system that is used can reduce operational errors in the form of accidents which may occur, such as explosions and toxic chemicals. In addition, it ensured that existing air pollution during the incineration process was controlled very well according with the standard rules through using high technology. However, the most impressive thing for me from this plant is electricity used at this place comes from the waste management process itself and most of the others used for public facilities, such as Tatsumi International Swimming Pool Tokyo.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant has been conducting waste management through the use of sophisticated technology. In my opinion, it is not difficult to learn, replicated and applied in Indonesia. However, for the application of a similar thing in Indonesia has the biggest challenge in the form of the mindset of the people. Japan can continue to make improvements in waste management not only technology but also by improving the mindset and habits of the people. Japan has clear rules in the sorting of the garbage and the people obey all rules.
the center of the city, but not to be bad for the community and environment around. On the contrary, many of the benefits gained by the society from the waste management process.
This visit convinced me that the idea of waste management as did Shin-Koto Incineration Plant, is very likely to be applied in the major cities of Indonesia. Our Government can implement similar technologies to solve the problem of garbage that has long been happened. I think our government should have a comparative study to the Japan government and start to build this kind of waste management technology. There are some recommendations that could be immediately undertaken for our Government, namely:
1. The Government should give the allocation of sufficient funds to build the infrastructure of the incineration plant;
2. The Government should send some human resources to learn directly about the process of waste management in Japan, and they will become professional personnel that focus to develop the system in Indonesia;
3. The Government has to strengthen the rules about the disposal and sorting of garbage, personnel of government should give a good example and should enforce the law decisively when there are communities that do not obey the rules.
REFERENCES
https://matcha-jp.com/en
http://mm.fe.unpad.ac.id/
https://www.export.gov/article?series=a0pt0000000PAu7AAG&type=Country_Commercial__kav
https://www.infojepang.net/item/kuil-sensoji-di-asakusa/
http://www.japan-guide.com/
http://www.japan-talk.com/
http://www.takushoku-u.ac.jp/
