24 CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
A. Translation Strategies Used by the Translator
In the translation of the figurative language (metaphor and simile), the translator should pay attention to the equivalence between source text and target text, but still maintain the naturalness for target readers. To translate the metaphor, there are 7 strategies suggested by Newmark (1981) in order to solve the problems encountered. Meanwhile, Pierini (2007) offers 6 strategies to translate the simile. Here, the researcher uses the strategies by Newmark and Pierini to analyze what strategies used by the translator to translate the metaphor and simile.
1. Metaphor
The translator uses 2 out of 7 strategies by Newmark to translate the metaphors. There are 8 metaphors analyzed and 7 of them are translated using literal translation (reproducing the same image in the TL), meanwhile one of them is translated by conversion of metaphor to sense strategy.
a. Reproducing the same image in the TL
Table 3.1
Metaphor 1
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 213 Par. 7
―…as Miss Peregrine had said, then this place wasn‘t just a heaven but a kind of prison, too.‖
―…sebagaimana telah dikatakan Miss Peregrine, berarti tempat ini bukan sekadar surga, tetapi juga semacam penjara.‖
25 Sense: Tempat indah namun tidak bebas
The translator retained the same image from ST to TT. The comparison between beautiful place as heaven can be understood by anyone regardless any language people speak or any place people live. It might be reason why thr translator reproduces the similar image ―surga‖ as the
Indonesian translation of ―heaven‖. Yet sometimes, literal translation produces boring translation
as it reduces the aesthetic value of a text.
Table 3.2
Metaphor 2
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 242 Par. 6
Emma pointed at a doorway in front of us, little more than a black hole in the murk. I shook my head. Don‘t want to. But she took my hand as though I were a frightened toddler and led me toward it, bringing the tube along.
Emma menunjuk ambang pintu di hadapan kami, yang hanya tampak seperti lubang hitam dalam kegelapan. Aku menggeleng. Tidak mau. Tetapi Emma meraih tanganku, seakan-akan aku anak kecil yang ketakutan, lalu dibawanya aku ke lubang itu, sambil sekalian membawa slang.
Object: Aku Image: Anak kecil Sense: Penakut/pengecut
26
Still, it was obvious she wanted me to stay; beyond my own safety, my presence in the loop would make everyone else safer. But I didn‘t relish the idea of spending my life as their watchdog. (I was beginning to suspect my grandfather had felt the same way, and it was part of the reason he‘d refused to return after the war.)
Tetapi jelas sekali dia ingin aku tetap di sini, selain karena faktor keamananku sendiri, kehadiranku di dalam keluk akan membuat orang-orang lainnya merasa lebih aman. Tapi aku tidak senang membayangkan seumur hidup harus menjadi anjing penjaga mereka. (Aku mulai curiga kakekku dulu juga
Sense: Bertugas untuk menjaga keamanan
The translator maintains similar sense by retaining same image of metaphor from ST in Table 3.3 Metaphor 3. The author compares character Jacob to a watchdog. A watchdog works as a guide to prevent something bad happens to its owner or particular area. This is similar to Jacob‘s position at The Old House. He is there to prevent wights and hollowgast‘s entrance who want to endanger the peculiars. The translator maintains the image from ST to TT literally as it is understandable enough for target readers.
Table 3.4
Metaphor 4
ST TT
27 Pg. 294
Par. 6
seen Mr. Barron‘s eyes? Not really. He was always wearing these giant, old-man sunglasses that wrapped around his face. The yard man wore sunglasses, too, and a wide-brimmed hat. Had I ever given either of them a hard look? How many other roles in my life had this chameleon played?
aku melihat mata Me. Barron? Rasanya tidak. Dia selalu memakai kacamata kakek-kakek yang besar dan menutupi wajahnya. Si pengurus taman juga memakai kacamata hitam, dan topi berpinggiran lebar. Pernahkan aku memperhatikan wajah mereka baik-baik? Berapa banyak peran lain yang dimainkan bunglon ini dalam hidupku?
Object: Mr. Barron Image: Bunglon Sense: Berubah-ubah
The translator retaines the metaphor from ST to TT. In Bahasa, chameleon is known as bunglon. It is categorized as reptile that can change color to hide from predators. The author compared Mr. Barron to chameleon because he always attempts to disguise his identity. Comparing something/one to a chameleon as they share similar characteristic is universal. Therefore, the translator does not change the image to retain similar meaning.
28
into the loop on his own.‖ masuk ke dalam keluk, tanpa bantuan.‖
Object: Hollowgast Image: Peliharaan Sense: Kaki tangan
According to thepeculiarchildre.wikia.com, hollowgast are creatures of unsuccessful experiment who want to get onto the path of immortality. They eat anything including peculiars or humans. When they consume enough peculiar souls, they will evolve to wights. Here, Dr. Golan, Jacob‘s psychiatrist is surprisingly the wight, so hollowgasts are simply his subordinates. The translator retains the same image from ST to TT. Hollogasts are compared to pet as they both are tamed by their possessors (lower in position).
Table 3.6
Metaphor 6
ST TT
Chapter 10 Pg. 306 Par. 3
The hollow had used two of its tongues to grapple onto the capstones around the tunnel‘s mouth as leverage against the mud, and it covered the entrance with its body like a lid on a jar. The third tongue was reeling me toward it, I was a fish on a hook.
Makhluk itu menggunakan dua lidahnya untuk berpegangan di batu-batu sekitar mulut terowongan supaya tidak terpeleset di lumpur, dan dia menutupi pintu masuk dengan tubuhnya, seperti tutup stoples. Lidah ketiga menarikku ke arahnya. Aku ibarat ikan yang tersangkut mata kail.
Object: Aku
29 The translator maintains the metaphor from ST to TT literally. It makes the image ―fish on a hook‖ in TT doesn‘t sound natural to target readers. It actually makes sense but there are more appropriate figurative words in Bahasa to express that someone is trapped or stuck.
Table 3.7
Metaphor 7
ST TT
Chapter 5 Pg. 109 Par. 1
I got up, went to the cracked glass, and saw that it was both raining and shining outside—a bit of meteorological weirdness whose name no one can seem to agree on. My mom, I kid you not,
refers to it as ―orphans‘ tears.‖ Then I
remembered what Ricky says about it—
―the Devil‘s beatin‘ his wife!‖—and I
laughed and felt a little better.
Aku bangkit, beranjak ke kaca yang telah retak, dan kulihat di luar sana turun hujan namun mataharinya terang—secuil kejanggalan meteorology yang sebutannya selalu berbeda-beda. Ibuku menyebutnya “air mata anak yatim piatu”—sungguh, aku tidak bohong. Lalu aku ingat sebutan Ricky untuk fenomena ini—
―Iblis sedang memukuli istrinya!—dan
akupun tertawa, lalu merasa lebih lega.
Object: Hujan
Image: Air mata anak yatim piatu
Sense: Hujan di saat bersamaan langit cerah
The translator retains the metaphor using literal translation. The character Mom has her own
words to call raining during clear weather. Orphan‘ tears is translated literally to air mata anak
30 b. Conversion of metaphor to sense
Table 3.8
Metaphor 8
ST TT
Chapter 10 Pg. 292 Par. 14
―Stay where you are!‖ the man shouted. His voice was flat, accentless. I couldn‘t see his face through the beam of light, but the layered jackets he wore were an instant giveaway. It was the ornithologist.
―Tetap di situ!‖ teriak laki-laki itu.
Suaranya datar, tanpa akses. Aku tak bisa melihat wajahnya dalam sorotan cahaya, namun dari jaket berlapis yang dikenakannya aku langsung tahu siapa dia. Si ahli burung.
Object: Jaket berlapis
Image: Aku langsung tahu siapa dia
Sense: Aku langsung tahu siapa dia (Petunjuk / mudah tertebak)
31
Table 3.1 Newmark‘s strategies used by the translator
Strategy (Metaphor) Frequency Percentage
Reproducing the same image in the TL 7 87.5%
Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image 0 0
Translating metaphor by simile 0 0
Translation of metaphor (or simile) by simile plus sense 0 0
Conversion of metaphor to sense 1 12.5%
Deletion 0 0
Same metaphor combined with sense 0 0
Total 8 100%
The result shows that the first strategy dominates the whole percentage (87,5%). The researcher analyzed 8 metaphors in the novel and she found 7 out of 8 using reproducing the same image in the TL strategy. The translator used literal translation to retain similar meaning intended by the author. 1 out of 8 metaphor (12,5%) is translated using conversion to sense strategy to avoid length explanation that can lead to misunderstanding. From the table above, it concludes that the strategies used by the translator almost do not have variety. It is appropriate to maintain the equivalence of SL and TL but the translator should consider the ability of the target readers to understand the figurative language. Besides, literal translation sometimes reduces the aesthetic effects of the text. Hence Ogunsiji (2000) says that, ―if one writes without using figures of
32 2. Simile
The researcher thinks the strategies by Pierini is useful to help analyzing and translating the simile from SL to TL. Based on the analysis, the translator only uses 2 out of 6 strategies suggested by Pierini. Most of them uses literal translation (retention of the same vehicle) and only one simile is translated using retention of the same vehicle plus explicitation of similarity feature(s).
a. Literal Translation
The translator translates the metaphor and simile into TL directly to produce natural translation with this strategy. Larson (1984: 280) said that simile can be kept if the receptor language permits (it must sound natural and is easily understood by the readers).
Table 4.9
Simile 1
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 213 Par. 7
Within five minutes I was half asleep in the grass, smiling like a dope, wondering serenely what might be on the menu for lunch. It was as if just being here had some kind of narcotic effect on me; like the loop itself was a drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative combined—and if I stayed too long, I‘d never want to leave… .
33 Topic: Aku tersenyum
Vehicle/image: Orang Bodoh
Similarity feature: Tersipu / tersenyum sendiri
The translator retains the simile from ST to TT literally. She applies strategy number 1 by Pierini to maintain the equivalence between both languages. It has similar meaning with smiling like a fool. The author uses connotation by using figurative word dope instead of fool to add depth to the text. As we know that dope has more than single meaning. Most common ones are fool and narcotic. The author wants to deliver meaning to the readers that it is not about narcotic itself but its effect. Therefore, the translator is supposed to maintain the simile literally in order not to change the context.
Table 4.10
Simile 2
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 213 Par. 7
Within five minutes I was half asleep in the grass, smiling like a dope, wondering serenely what might be on the menu for lunch. It was as if just being here had some kind of narcotic effect on me; like the loop itself was a drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative combined—and if I stayed too long, I‘d never want to leave.
Lima menit kemudian aku sudah setengah tertidur di rumput, tersenyum seperti orang bodoh, sambil bertanya-tanya dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira menu makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah berada di sini membuatku terkena efek narkotika; seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri adalah obat bius—gabungan obat bius dan obat penenang—dan kalau aku terlalu lama di sini aku tidak bakal kepingin pergi lagi.
34 Vehicle/image: Obat bius / obat penenang
Similarity feature: Membuat ketergantungan
The translator transfers meaning of the simile from ST to TT literally. The simile compares the similarity between the loop with drug. Once you get there, you cannot escape anymore. It makes anyone who gets there, wants to return over and over. This is similar to drugs effect to make its consumers always crave for it. This is one of behavioral problems called addiction (recovergateway.org). Therefore, literal translation is suitable to render meaning of the simile from SL to TL, since the similes from both languages are universal so it is natural for both target readers.
Table 4.11
Simile 3
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 214 Par. 7
He spoke with a slight cockney accent. Cadaverous black circles ringed his eyes like a raccoon, and his overalls— the same ones he‘d worn in pictures I‘d seen—were streaked with clay and dirt. Except for his pudgy face, he might‘ve been a chimney sweep out of Oliver Twist.
Dia berbicara dengan akses cockney samar. Matanya dihiasi lingkaran-lingkaran hitam pucat seperti mata rakun, dan baju luarnya—sama persis dengan yang kulihat di foto-fotonya— berlepotan tanah lempung dan tanah biasa. Kalau bukan karena wajahnya yang tembam, penampilannya mirip pembersih cerobong asap di buku Oliver Twist.
Topic: Matanya
Vehicle/image: Mata rakun
35
The translator retained the vehicle ―a raccoon‖ into mata rakun. In fact, literal translation can be
confusing. The term ―raccoon eyes‖ is only familiar to those who learn about medic. Since the term mata rakun is not universal, it‘s better to change the image to something more natural for Indonesian target readers.
Table 4.12
Simile 4
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 221 Par. 1
Then something terrible occurred to me. To test a theory, I held my hand in front of his mouth. I couldn‘t feel his breath. My finger brushed his lips, which were cold as ice. Shocked, I pulled my hand away
Lalu suatu pikiran mengerikan terlintas di benakku. Untuk menguji teori tersebut, kuangkat tanganku di depan mulut anak itu. Aku tidak merasakan embusan napasnya. Jariku menyapu bibirnya, yang sedingin es. Kaget buka main, kutarik tanganku.
Topic: Bibirnya
Vehicle/image: Es
Similarity feature: Dingin
36 Table 4.13
Simile 5
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 226 Par. 3
A random sampling revealed them to be long and sappy, full of declarations of his love and awkward descriptions of Emma‘s beauty in my grandfather‘s then-broken English (―You are pretty like flower, have good smell also, may
I pick?‖). In one he‘d enclosed a
picture of himself posing atop a bomb with a cigarette dangling from his lips.
Salah satu surat yang kupilih acak ternyata isinya panjang dan berlebihan, penuh berisi pernyataan cinta kakekku serta puji-pujian canggung tentang kecantikan Emma dalam bahasa Inggris kakekku yang masih terpatah-patah waktu itu (―Kau cantik seperti bunga,
wangi juga, boleh aku petik?‖). Di
salah satu surat, Kakek menyisipkan sehelai foto dirinya berpose di atas bom dengan sebatang rokok menggelantung dari bibirnya.
Topic: Kau
Vehicle/image: Bunga
Similarity feature: Cantik, wangi
37 Table 4.14
Simile 6
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 240 Par. 1
I’ll go, but I’m not going to kiss her, I told myself. I repeated it like a mantra as she led me across the bog. Do not kiss! Do not kiss! We headed for town but veered off toward the rocky beach that looked out onto the lighthouse, picking our way down the steep path to the sand.
Aku akan ikut, tapi tidak akan
menciumnya, kataku dalam hati. Kuulangi kalimat itu, seperti mantra, ketika Emma membawaku ke seberang rawa. Jangan cium! Jangan cium! Kami mengarah ke kota, namun menyimpang ke pantai berbatu karang yang
menghadap ke mercusuar, melangkah dengan hati-hati di jalur setapak menuju pasir.
Topic: Kalimat itu
Vehicle/image: Mantra
Similarity feature: Diulang terus-menerus (on repeat)
38 Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 242 Par. 7
There was no sound but our breaths bubbling up and obscure thuds from deep inside the ship, pieces of the broken hull knocking in the current. If I had shut my eyes it wouldn‘t have been any darker. We were like astronauts floating in a starless universe.
Tak ada suara apa pun selain napas kami yang bergelembung-gelembung naik, serta debum-debum entah apa dari dalam badan kapal, potongan-potongan lambung kapal yang pecah berantakan dalam arus air. Seandainya aku memejamkan mata, suasananya tidak akan lebih lengkap lagi. Kami bagaikan astraunot yang mengapung-apung di semesta tak berbintang.
Topic: Kami
Vehicle/image: Astraunot
Similarity feature: Mengapung di semesta
39 Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST TT
Chapter 10 Pg. 281 Par. 6
If he just fed a total stranger to a hollow,
who do you think he‘s going after
next?‖
Her face was like stone. ―The welfare of the townspeople is none of my concern,‖ she
said. ―I won‘t endanger my wards. Not for anyone.‖
Wight itu baru saja mengumpankan orang yang sama sekali tak ada sangkut pautnya pada hollow, dan anda piker siapa yang akan menjadi korban berikutnya?‖
Wajah Miss Peregrine sekaku batu. ―Keamanan orang kota itu bukan urusanku,‖ sahutnya. ―Aku tidak akan membahayakan anak-anak asuhku. Tidak demi apapun.‖
Topic: Wajahnya
Vehicle/image: Batu
Similarity feature: Tanpa ekspresi
The translator maintains the simile from ST to TT (stone faced translated into wajah sekaku batu). The literal translation ends up producing unnatural translation since in Indonesia, batu means keras instead of kaku. Therefore, it is better to add information to make it more understandable.
b. Retention of the same image plus explicitation of similarity feature(s)
40 Table 4.16
Simile 8
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 217 Par. 1
With his foot, Enoch nudged it back toward the group. They seemed to be going haywire, colliding with one another like excited atoms. ―Fight, you nancies!‖ he commanded, which is when I realized they weren‘t simply bumping into one another, but hitting and kicking.
Dengan kakinya, Enoch menyodok tentara itu agar kembali ke kelompoknya. Tampaknya , mereka mulai tidak terkendali, saling bertubrukan seperti atom-atom yang tidak bisa tinggal diam. ―Ayo berkelahi, banci-banci!‖ Enoch memerintahkan, dan baru saat itulah aku menyadari tentara-tentara itu bukan sekadar saling bertabrakan, melainkan saling pukul dan tanding. Namun si tentara tanah liat yang satu itu tampaknya tidak tertarik untuk berkelahi, dan ketika dia mulai melangkah pergi lagi, Enoch menyambarnya dan menarik kedua kakinya sampai putus.
Topic: Mereka (refers to clay soldier)
Vehicle/image: Atom-atom
Similarity feature: Penuh energi, bersemangat
41 Table 3.2 Frequency of Pierini‘s strategies used by the translator
Strategy (Simile) Frequency Precentage
Literal Translation (Retention of the Same Vehicle) 8 88,89% Replacement of the Vehicle with a Different Vehicle 0 0
Reduction of the Simile, if Idiomatic, to Its Sense 0 0
Retention of the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity Feature(s)
1 11,11%
Replacement with a Vehicle with a Gloss 0 0
Omission of the Simile 0 0
Total 9 100%
42 B.Translation Strategies Suggested by the Researcher
During the process of translating, the translation strategies are applied in order to solve the problems encountered. We should be aware that figurative languages can be misunderstood if they are not translated correctly. Therefore, Newmark (1988) and Pierini (2007) strategies are used to translate metaphors and similes found in the novel ―Miss Peregrine‘s Home For Peculiar Children‖.
1. Metaphor
The researcher suggests 4 out of 7 strategies proposed by Newmark to translate 8 metaphors in total. They are Reproducing the same image in the TL, Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image, Translating metaphor by simile, and Conversion of metaphor to sense.
a. Reproducing the same image in the TL
Table 3.3
Metaphor 3
ST TT
Chapter 10 Pg. 270 Par. 3
Still, it was obvious she wanted me to stay; beyond my own safety, my presence in the loop would make everyone else safer. But I didn‘t relish the idea of spending my life as their watchdog. (I was beginning to suspect my grandfather had felt the same way, and it was part of the reason he‘d refused to return after the war.)
43 Object: Aku
Image: Anjing penjaga
Sense: Bertugas menjaga keamanan (to guard)
Based on the research from http://victimsofcrime.org, there are many jobs given to dogs. They
differ according to each dog‘s attributes and how they perform. For example: working dogs
mostly work on farms to herd animals; therapy dogs usually associate to medic that relate to the psychological effect on the patients; and/or service dogs such as guard and watch dogs which trained to assist and take care individual in need (pg 21-32). According to the source text, the author compares character Jacob to a guard dog. He takes care of the peculiars as well as prevents hollowgasts and wights to reach them. The author chooses dog instead of other guardian figure (it can be security or angel) because there is connotative or secondary meaning of dog. Besides, man‘s best friend (loyal), dog also connotes as low creature (human‘s pet). It obviously
shows Jacob‘s feeling, how offended he is, as if he is took advantage from. The researcher also
agrees to maintain the term ―watchdog‖ as it is natural and acceptable for target readers.
Table 3.4
Metaphor 4
ST TT
Chapter 10 Pg. 294 Par. 6
He was always wearing these giant, old-man sunglasses that wrapped around his face. The yard man wore sunglasses, too, and a wide-brimmed hat. Had I ever given either of them a hard look? How many other roles in my life had this chameleon played?
Dia selalu memakai kacamata kakek-kakek yang besar dan menutupi wajahnya. Si pengurus taman juga memakai kacamata hitam, dan topi berpinggiran lebar. Pernahkan aku memperhatikan wajah mereka baik-baik? Berapa banyak peran lain yang dimainkan bunglon ini dalam hidupku?
44 Sense: Berubah-ubah
According to Merriam Webster dictionary, chameleon has several definitions with similar meaning, 1. Chameleon that has unusual ability to change the skin color; 2. A person who often changes his or her behavior in order to please others or to succeed. The character Mr. Barron is described as a person who is similar to chameleon. He disguises himself to different person in order to deceive Jacob and peculiar children. In Indonesia, it is acceptable to say a person is like chaemeleon if they most likely don‘t have integrity, bipolar, or liar. Since the term is universal, it is appropriate to use literal translation.
Table 3.5
Metaphor 5
ST TT
Chapter 10 Pg. 301 Par. 7
―For now,‖ said Enoch. ―But that maniac is still out there, and considering how willing he was to feed us all to his pet hollowgast, it‘s a good bet he‘s figured out how to get into the loop on his own.‖
―Untuk saat ini,‖ kata Enoch. ―Tapi makhluk gila itu masih berkeliaran di luar sana, dan kalau mengingat dia begitu ingin mengumpankan kita semua pada hollowgast peliharaannya, aku berani bertaruh dia sudah tahu cara masuk ke dalam keluk, tanpa bantuan.‖
Object: Hollowgast Image: Peliharaan Sense: Kaki tangan
45 but it is connotation. Connotation can be positive or negative according to audience‘s feelings or thoughts (Harimurti (dalam Aminuddin, 2001:112). According to Cambridge dictionary, pet also refers to be the person that someone in authority likes best and treats better than anyone else (e.g:
teacher‘s pet). The critic agrees with translator to maintain the intention of the author by
translating it literally. It is universal to say so as negative connotation.
b. Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image
Table 3.6
Metaphor 6
ST TT
Chapter 10 Pg. 306 Par. 3
The hollow had used two of its tongues to grapple onto the capstones around the tunnel‘s mouth as leverage against the mud, and it covered the entrance with its body like a lid on a jar. The third tongue was reeling me toward it, I was a fish on a hook.
Makhluk itu menggunakan dua lidahnya untuk berpegangan di batu-batu sekitar mulut terowongan supaya tidak terpeleset di lumpur, dan dia menutupi pintu masuk dengan tubuhnya, seperti tutup stoples. Lidah ketiga menarikku ke arahnya. Bagaikan telur di ujung tanduk.
Object: Aku
Image: Ikan yang tersangkut mata kail Sense: Kondisi krisis atau genting
46 is other idiom that is more natural which carries similar meaning, which is ―bagai telur di ujung tanduk‖.
Table 3.2
Metaphor 2
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 242 Par. 6
Emma pointed at a doorway in front of us, little more than a black hole in the murk. I shook my head. Don‘t want to. But she took my hand as though I were a frightened toddler and led me toward it, bringing the tube along.
Emma menunjuk ambang pintu di
hadapan kami, yang hanya tampak seperti lubang hitam dalam kegelapan. Aku menggeleng. Tidak mau. Tetapi Emma meraih tanganku, seakan-akan aku anak ingusan lalu dibawanya aku ke lubang itu, sambil sekalian membawa slang.
Object: Aku
Image: Anak ingusan Sense: Penakut/pengecut
The researcher changes the metaphor in ST to anak ingusan. According to KBBI, besides ―very
young‖, anak ingusan carries meaning of inexperienced or clueless. It expresses well the term of
―a frightened toddler‖ or simply means ―a coward‖. This reflects to the character of Jacob who is very clumsy facing the new things in Cairnholm. He can not do anything himself but rely on
Emma‘s help. The figurative word anak ingusan carries more sarcastic meaning rather than
47 Table 3.7
Metaphor 7
ST TT
Chapter 5 Pg. 109 Par. 1
I got up, went to the cracked glass, and saw that it was both raining and shining outside—a bit of meteorological weirdness whose name no one can seem to agree on. My mom, I kid you not, refers to it as ―orphans‘ tears.‖ Then I remembered what Ricky says about it—
―the Devil‘s beatin‘ his wife!‖—and I
laughed and felt a little better.
Aku bangkit, beranjak ke kaca yang telah retak, dan kulihat di luar sana turun hujan namun mataharinya terang—secuil kejanggalan meteorology yang sebutannya selalu berbeda-beda. Ibuku menyebutnya
―hujan monyet‖—sungguh, aku tidak
bohong. Lalu aku ingat sebutan Ricky untuk fenomena ini—―Iblis sedang memukuli istrinya!—dan akupun tertawa, lalu merasa lebih lega.
Object: Hujan
Image: Hujan monyet
Sense: Hujan di saat langit cerah
Orphan tears is translated literally into air mata anak yatim piatu by the translator. It totally doesn‘t make sense in Indonesia. Therefore, the researcher suggests familiar term in Bahasa ―hujan monyet‖ which carries similar term with orphan tears. ―Hujan monyet‖ has literal meaning of monkey raining which doesn‘t make sense at all, but it refers to idiomatical term of ―raining during sunny day‖ (Sonata, kompasiana.com).
48
―…as Miss Peregrine had said, then this
place wasn‘t just a heaven but a kind of prison, too.‖
―…sebagaimana telah dikatakan Miss Peregrine, tempat ini adalah sangkar
emas. Indah namun tidak bebas.‖
Object: Tempat ini (refers to rumah Miss Peregrine) Image: Sangkar emas
Sense: Tempat indah namun tidak bebas
The researcher uses same metaphor combined with sense which is similar to Larson‘s strategy metaphor of the receptor language which has the same meaning may be substituted; metaphor is added with some explanations to improve the understanding of target readers.. The researcher substitutes the metaphor from ST ―then this place wasn‘t just a heaven but a kind of prison, too‖
into ―tempat ini adalah sangkar emas‖. She uses a different metaphor in the receptor language
that carries the same meaning as the metaphor in the source language with explanation added
―Indah namun tidak bebas‖ to make it more understandable to the target readers. Oka (1974:97)
stated that Marah Rusli‘s Siti Nurbaya fits the metaphor ―seperti burung dalam sangkar, terbuat dari emas sekalipun, sangkar tetap sangkar juga.‖ It means a life fulfilled with prosperity, it doesn‘t guarantee someone‘s happiness.‖
d. Conversion of metaphor to sense
Table 3.8
49 layered jackets he wore were an
instant giveaway. It was the ornithologist.
dikenakannya aku langsung tahu siapa dia. Si ahli burung.
Object: Jaket berlapis Image: -
Sense: Petunjuk / mudah tertebak
Instant giveaway does not have meaning but literally it often refers to something given free. It has nothing to do with the context. The context here carries meaning that the jacket he wears is the clue to make them guess easier who he actually is. Therefore, if it was translated literally too, that would make confusion for target readers. To avoid that happens, it is better to use Newmark‘s strategy to render the metaphor into its sense.
Table 3.3 Frequency of Newmark‘s strategies suggested by the researcher
Strategy (Metaphor) Frequency Precentage
Reproducing the same image in the TL 3 37,5%
Replacing the image in the SL with a standard TL image 3 37,5%
Translating metaphor by simile 1 12,5%
Translation of metaphor (or simile) by simile plus sense 0 0
Conversion of metaphor to sense 1 12,5%
Deletion 0 0
Same metaphor combined with sense 0 0
Total 8 100%
50 and Conversion of metaphor to sense (12,5%). The strategies used by critic are more varied. It shows that Newmark‘s strategies can be used to produce more natural translation for target readers.
2. Simile
The researcher uses 4 out of 6 strategies by Pierini to translate the 9 similes found in the ST. They are Literal Translation, Replacement of the Vehicle with a Different Vehicle, Retention of the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity Feature(s), and Omission of the Simile.
a. Literal translation
Table 4.9 Simile 1
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 213 Par. 7
Within five minutes I was half asleep in the grass, smiling like a dope, wondering serenely what might be on the menu for lunch. It was as if just being here had some kind of narcotic effect on me; like the loop itself was a drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative combined—and if I stayed too long, I‘d never want to leave… .
Lima menit kemudian aku sudah setengah tertidur di rumput, tersenyum seperti orang bodoh, sambil bertanya-tanya dengan tenangnya, apa kira-kira menu makan siang nanti. Seolah-olah berada di sini membuatku terkena efek narkotika; seakan-akan keluk itu sendiri adalah obat bius—gabungan obat bius dan obat penenang—dan kalau aku terlalu lama di sini aku tidak bakal kepingin pergi lagi.
Topic: Aku tersenyum
51 Similarity feature: Tersipu / tersenyum sendiri
Dope (n) has several meanings (Merriam Webster), including:
1a. a thick liquid or pasty preparation
b. a preparation for giving a desired quality to a substance or surface
2. absorbent or adsorbent material used in various manufacturing processes (as the making of dynamite)
3a. (1) an illicit, habit-forming, or narcotic drug; especially: marijuana
(2) a preparation given to a racehorse to help or hinder its performance
b. chiefly Southern : a cola drink
c. a stupid person
The simile in this context refers to number 3c. The expression of ―tersenyum seperti orang bodoh‖ (stupid person) is commonly used to refer to something crazy. It is wise not to change the simile as it is well-known for target readers.
Table 4.10 Simile 2
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 213 Par. 7
Within five minutes I was half asleep in the grass, smiling like a dope, wondering serenely what might be on the menu for lunch. It was as if just being here had some kind of narcotic effect on me; like the loop itself was a drug—a mood enhancer and a sedative combined—and if I stayed too long, I‘d never want to leave.
52 kepingin pergi lagi.
Topic: Keluk
Vehicle/image: Obat bius / obat penenang
Similarity feature: Membuat ketergantungan
According to recovergateway.org, one of behavioral problems caused by drug consuming is called addiction. The translator here retains the image ―drug‖ into ―obat bius‖. According to
―Kamus Inggris Indonesia – An English Indonesian Dictionary‖, drug: (n) 1. Med.: obat, obat
-obatan. 2. Narc.: obat bius. (drugged) 1 meracuni. 2 membiuskan. This simile can be acceptable since the target readers can find common similarity feature between the topic and the image.
Table 4.12 Simile 4
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 221 Par. 1
Then something terrible occurred to me. To test a theory, I held my hand in front of his mouth. I couldn‘t feel his breath. My finger brushed his lips, which were cold as ice. Shocked, I pulled my hand away
Lalu suatu pikiran mengerikan terlintas di benakku. Untuk menguji teori tersebut, kuangkat tanganku di depan mulut anak itu. Aku tidak merasakan embusan napasnya. Jariku menyapu bibirnya, yang sedingin es. Kaget buka main, kutarik tanganku.
Topic: Bibirnya
Vehicle/image: Es
Similarity feature: Dingin
53 for target readers. Based on researcher translation journal by Ramli, literal translation can be applied to translate simile if both source and target language share the same interpretation of the similes. So, the sentence can easily be interpreted in the same way in the target text. Therefore, the translator had chosen the appropriate strategy to handle the simile.
Table 4.13 Simile 5
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 226 Par. 3
A random sampling revealed them to be long and sappy, full of declarations of his love and awkward descriptions of Emma‘s beauty in my grandfather‘s then-broken English (―You are pretty like flower, have good smell also, may I pick?‖). In one he‘d enclosed a picture of himself posing atop a bomb with a cigarette dangling from his lips.
Salah satu surat yang kupilih acak ternyata isinya panjang dan berlebihan, penuh berisi pernyataan cinta kakekku serta puji-pujian canggung tentang kecantikan Emma dalam bahasa Inggris kakekku yang masih terpatah-patah waktu itu (―Kau cantik seperti bunga, wangi juga, boleh aku petik?‖). Di salah satu surat, Kakek menyisipkan sehelai foto dirinya berpose di atas bom dengan sebatang rokok menggelantung dari bibirnya.
Topic: Kau
Vehicle/image: Bunga
Similarity feature: Cantik
54 desa. Bunga (flower) is a part of plant which is always described as beautiful and smells good. Someone who is called bunga desa can be acknowledged as good looking virgin that attracts a lot of men. Therefore, it is natural to say someone is beautiful like flower.
Table 4.14 Simile 6
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 240 Par. 1
I’ll go, but I’m not going to kiss her, I told myself. I repeated it like a mantra as she led me across the bog. Do not kiss! Do not kiss! We headed for town but veered off toward the rocky beach that looked out onto the lighthouse, picking our way down the steep path to the sand.
Aku akan ikut, tapi tidak akan
menciumnya, kataku dalam hati.
Kuulangi kalimat itu, seperti mantra, ketika Emma membawaku ke seberang rawa. Jangan cium! Jangan cium! Kami mengarah ke kota, namun menyimpang ke pantai berbatu karang yang menghadap ke mercusuar, melangkah dengan hati-hati di jalur setapak menuju pasir.
Topic: Kalimat itu
Vehicle/image: Mantra
Similarity feature: Diulang terus-menerus (on repeat)
The statement by character Jacob is repeated like mantra or spell. The figurative word is also familiar to the target readers. Another option, Pierini‘s strategy number 3 can also be applied on this simile (reduction of the simile, if idiomatic, to its sense).
55 Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 242 Par. 7
If I had shut my eyes it wouldn‘t have been any darker. We were like astronauts floating in a starless universe.
Seandainya aku memejamkan mata, suasananya tidak akan lebih lengkap lagi. Kami bagaikan astronot yang mengapung-apung di semesta tak berbintang.
Topic: Kami
Vehicle/image: Astronot
Similarity feature: Mengapung di semesta
Astronot or antariksawan is term for a person who travels the outer space. The researcher agrees with the translator to maintain the image from ST since the literal translation makes sense for target readers. The term astronot which is borrowed from English is more familiar to target readers therefore it is applied instead of antariksawan. The target readers are expected to get the same feeling as intended from SL.
56 trained yet. Only made ‘em last week.‖ He spoke with a slight cockney accent. Cadaverous black circles ringed his eyes like a raccoon, and his overalls— the same ones he‘d worn in pictures I‘d seen—were streaked with clay and dirt. Except for his pudgy face, he might‘ve been a chimney sweep out of Oliver Twist.
―Kaulihat kan, mereka punya kemauan sendiri. Belum dilatih dengan semestinya. Baru minggu kemarin kubuat.‖ Dia berbicara dengan akses
cockney samar. Matanya dihiasi
lingkaran-lingkaran hitam pucat seperti mata panda, dan baju luarnya—sama persis dengan yang kulihat di foto-fotonya—berlepotan tanah lempung dan tanah biasa. Kalau bukan karena wajahnya yang tembam, penampilannya mirip pembersih cerobong asap di buku Oliver Twist.
Topic: Matanya
Vehicle/image: Mata panda
Similarity feature: Dihiasi lingkaran hitam
According to Said Alfin Khalilullah, Co- Ass, Clinical RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, raccoon eyes is a sign of basal skull fracture caused by direct collision on the skull base area. Meanwhile this novel is not specifically aimed for medical students, so it doesn‘t make sense for some people. In Bahasa, the target readers are more familiar with mata panda rather than mata rakun. So, the researcher believes that it is more
suitable and familiar for target readers. The term ―mata panda‖ is chosen because they also
represents black puffy eyes which similar in terms of appearance with raccoon‘s eyes.
57 Table 4.15
Simile 7
ST TT
Chapter 10 Pg. 281 Par. 6
If there really is a wight, and it‘s who I think it is, he and my dad have almost gotten into one fight already. If he just fed a total stranger to a hollow, who do you think he‘s going after next?‖
Her face was like stone. ―The welfare of the townspeople is none of my concern,‖ she
said. ―I won‘t endanger my wards. Not for anyone.‖
Wight itu baru saja mengumpankan orang yang sama sekali tak ada sangkut pautnya pada hollow, dan anda piker siapa yang akan menjadi korban berikutnya?‖
Wajah Miss Peregrine sekaku batu, tak berekspresi. ―Keamanan orang kota itu bukan urusanku,‖ sahutnya. ―Aku tidak akan membahayakan anak-anak asuhku. Tidak demi apapun.‖
Topic: Wajahnya
Vehicle/image: Batu
Similarity feature: Tanpa ekspresi
Translator may add information about similarity feature(s) if the image in target text is not clear for target readers. In this case, the researcher adds ―tak berekspresi‖ as an additional information
of ―sekaku batu‖ to clarify its sense to make it more understandable for target readers. According
to Cambridge dictionary, the term stone-faced (adj) means not showing any emotion. It explains better the expression of Miss Peregrine to show her state of shock.
d. Omission
58
ST TT
Chapter 8 Pg. 217 Par. 1
The clay soldier I‘d returned began wandering again. With his foot, Enoch nudged it back toward the group. They seemed to be going haywire, colliding with one another like excited atoms. ―Fight, you nancies!‖ he commanded, which is when I realized they weren‘t simply bumping into one another, but hitting and kicking.
Tanah liat yang telah kukembalikan mulai berjalan lagi. Dengan kakinya, Enoch menyodok tentara itu agar kembali ke kelompoknya. Tampaknya nereka mulai tidak terkendali, saling bertubrukan. ―Ayo berkelahi, banci -banci!‖ Enoch memerintahkan, dan baru saat itulah aku menyadari tentara-tentara itu bukan sekadar saling bertabrakan, melainkan saling pukul dan tending.
Topic: Mereka (refers to soldier toys)
Vehicle/image: Atom-atom
Similarity feature: Penuh energi (bersemangat)
―They seemed to be going haywire, colliding with one another like excited atoms is translated into ―Tampaknya nereka mulai tidak terkendali, saling bertubrukan.‖
The researcher omits the imago ―atom-atom‖ to produce more natural translation. The simile in
TT is not suitable for target readers as it is even more complicated. The omission is not changing the whole meaning or context from source text.
Table 3.4 Pierini‘s strategies suggested by the researcher
Strategy (Simile) Frequency Precentage
59 Reduction of the Simile, if Idiomatic, to Its Sense 0 0%
Retention of the Same Vehicle plus Explicitation of Similarity Feature(s)
1 11.11%
Replacement with a Vehicle with a Gloss 0 0%
Omission of the Simile 1 11.11%
Total 9 100%
