Pengujian Beberapa Teknik Budidaya Hasil Pembiakan Mikro Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Siapakah yang m i h p i n k m u dalam kegelapan d i d a m t a n dan lautan?

Dan siapa pulakah yan& mendatangkm angin

sebaqai kabar gembira sebelum kra'atangan rahmatNya? ApaM ada tuhan yang l a i n ?

Maha T-i Allah terhadap apa YarZEf mereka persehvtulran denganNya (An Naml 63)

Kuperseabahkan untuk papa, m a , Andri, ijas, mira dan meri..

. . .

PENGUjIAN BEBERAPA

TEKWBK

BUDBDAVA

HASil

PEMBIWKKAM

MBKRO

REHTAHG

( S o l a n u r n tuberosum L . )

JURUSARI

BUD1

DAYA PERTAMlAM

RINGKASAN

YASFIANTI. P e n g u j i a n B e b e r a p a T e k n i k B u d i d a y a Hasil Pem-

b i a k a n M i k r o K e n t a n g ( S o l a n u r n tuberosum

L.)

( D i b a w a h bim-

b i n g a n GUSTAAF A . WATTIMENA d a n AGUS PURWITO)

P e r c o b a a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k ( 1 ) m e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a -

r u h j e n i s p r o p a g u l a t e r h a d a p p r o d u k s i t i g a v a r i e t a s k e n -

t a n g , ( 2 ) m e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h k e r a p a t a n t a n a m a n t e r h a d a p

p r o d u k s i u m b i d u a v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g a s a l umbi m i k r o , ( 3 )

mempe l a j a r i p e n g a r u h k e r a p a t a n t a n a m a n t e r h a d a p p r o d u k s i

d u a v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g a s a l s e t e k m i k r o , d a n ( 4 ) m e n g u j i

p r o d u k s i e m p a t v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g a s a l s e t e k m i k r o . P e r c o -

b a a n i n i d i l a k s a n a k a n d a l a m 4 u n i t p e r c o b a a n t e r p i s a h , s e -

j a k b u l a n Maret 1 9 8 9 h i n g g a A g u s t u s 1 9 8 9 d i KP I P B P a s i r

S a r o n g g e ( k e t i n g g i a n 1 1 0 0 m d p l d a n s u h u 17OC-25OC).

P e r c o b a a n 1 t e r d i r i a t a s 7 t a r a f p e r l a k u a n , y a i t u

u m b i m i k r o , umbi G 1 b e s a r - T T ( t u n a s t u n g g a l ) , GI s e d a n g - T T ,

G I k e c i l - T T , G I besar-TM ( t u n a s m a j e m u k ) , G 1 s e d a n g - T M ,

d a n G I keci-TM. P e r l a k u a n p e r c o b a a n 2 m e r u p a k a n k o m b i n a s i

v a r i e t a s (DTO 2 8 d a n C i p a n a s ) d e n g a n k e r a p a t a n 1 p r o p a g u l a

70x30 c m , 2 p r o p a g u l a

-

7 0 x 3 0 em, 1 p r o p a g u l a

-

~ 0 x 1 5 cm,

d a n 2 p r o p a g u l a

-

7 0 x 1 5 em. P e r c o b a a n 3 m e r u p a k a n kombi-

n a s i v a r i e t a s (Red P o n t i a c d a n N o r c h i p ) d e n g a n k e r a p a t a n

1 p r o p a g u l a

-

7 0 x 3 0 cm. 2 p r o p a g u l a - 7 0 x 3 0 cm, d a n 1 p r o -

p a g u l a

-

7 0 x 1 5 cm. P e r c o b a a n 4 m e n g u j i v a r '

P r o p a g u l a m i k r o v a r i e t a s C i p a n a s m e m b e r i k a n p r o d u k s i

u m b i y a n g t i d a k b e r b e d a n y a t a d e n g a n p r o p a g u l a G I b e s a r d a n

s e d a n g . P a d a v a r i e t a s DTO 2 8 d a n Red P o n t i a c , p r o d u k s i um-

b i p e r rumpun p r o p a g u l a G I b e s a r d a n G I s e d a n g j a u h l e b i h

b a i k d a r i p a d a p r o p a g u l a m i k r o .

P a d a p e r c o b a a n 2 b o b o t b a s a h , b o b o t k e r i n g u m b i ,

p e r s e n t a s e j u m l a h d a n b o b o t u m b i > 4 0 g p e r rumpun v a r i e t a s

DTO 2 8 l e b i h b a i k d a r i p a d a C i p a n a s . T i d a k t e r d a p a t p e n g a -

r u h k e r a p a t a n y a n g n y a t a t e r h a d a p k e e m p a t p e u b a h d i a t a s ,

namun t e r d a p a t k e c e n d e r u n g a n p e n i n g k a t a n b o b o t b a s a h u m b i

p e r rumpun d e n g a n m e n i n g k a t n y a j u m l a h p r o p a g u l a y a n g

d i t a n a m p e r r u m p u n . H a s i l t e r b a i k d i p e r o l e h d a r i p e r l a -

k u a n 2 p r o p a g u l a

-

70x30 cm.

B o b o t b a s a h d a n b o b o t k e r i n g u m b i p e r rumpun t e r t i n g -

g i p a d a p e r c o b a a n 3 d i p e r o l e h d a r i p e n a n a m a n 2 p r o p a g u l a

Red P o n t i a c p e r l u b a n g p a d a j a r a k t a n a m 70x30 cm. P a d a

p e r l a k u a n k e r a p a t a n y a n g s a m a , v a r i e t a s N o r c h i p m e m b e r i k a n

j u m l a h umbi t e r b a n y a k . T i d a k t e r d a p a t p e n g a r u h k e r a p a t a n

y a n g n y a t a d a l a m p e r s e n t a s e j u m l a h d a n b o b o t u m b i 6 4 0 g

d a n > 4 0 g p e r r u m p u n . V a r i e t a s Red P o n t i a c m e m i l i k i n i l a i

p e r s e n t a s e j u m l a h d a n b o b o t u m b i > 4 0 g y a n g l e b i h b a i k

d a r i p a d a v a r i e t a s N o r c h i p .

V a r i e t a s D i a m a n t p a d a p e r c o b a a n 4 m e m b e r i k a n b o b o t b a -

s a h umbi d a n b o b o t k e r i n g u m b i p e r rumpun y a n g c e n d e r u n g

t e r b e s a r d i h a s i l k a n o l e h v a r i e t a s Red P o n t i a c . V a r i e t a s

N o o k s a c k r n e m i l i k i n i l a i p e r s e n t a s e b o b o t k e r i n g u m b i y a n g

PENGUJIAN BEBERAPA TEKNIK B U D I D A Y A

HASIL PEMBIAKKAN M I K R O KENTANG

( Solanurn t u b e r o s u m L

.

)

o l e h :

YASFIANTI

A 22 0387

L a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h

s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u s y a r a t u n t u k m e m p e r o l s h g e l a r

S a r j a n a P e r t a r t i a n F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n

I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r

JURUSAN BUD1 DAYA PERTANIAN

FAKULTAN PERTANIAN, INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN, JURUSAN BUD1 DAYA PERTANIAN

K a m i m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a L a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h y a n g

d i s u s u n o l e h :

N a m a M a h a s i s w a : YASFIANTI

Nomor P o k o k : A 2 2 0387

J u d u l : PENGUJIAN BEBERAPA TEKNIK BUDIDAYA

HASIL PEMBIAKAN M I K R O KENTANG

(

S o l a n u m tuberosum

L. )

d i t e r i m a s e b a g a i p e r s y a r a t a n u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r S a r j a n a

P e r t a n i a n p a d a F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , J u r u s a n B u d i Daya P e r t a -

n i a n I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r .

Dr

I r G .

A .

Watt-

I r

A e u s P u r w i t o P e m b i m b i n g I P e m b i m b i n g 11

Dr

I r

Sud-

Y a h v a

K e t u a J u r u s a n K e t u a PS A g r o n o m i

RIWAYAT HIDUP

P e n u l i s d i l a h i r k a n p a d a t a n g g - 1 7 D e s e m b e r 1966 d i

P a d a n g , S u m a t e r a B a r a t . P e n u l i s m e r u p a k a n a n a k p e r t a m a d a -

r i lima b e r s a u d a r a . O r a n g t u a p e n u l i s a d a l a h D j a a f a r d a n

Z u l a i f a h .

P a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 9 , p e n u l i s m e n a m a t k a n p e n d i d i k a n S e k o -

l a h Dasar d i SD Negeri I X P a d a n g . P e n u l i s m e l a n j u t k a n k e

S e k o l a h M e n e n g a h P e r t a m a d i SMP Negeri

I

P a d a n g d a n t a n a t

t a h u n 1992. P a d a t a - h u n y a n g sama p e n u l i s d i t e r i m a d i SMA

Negeri

I

P a d a n g . P a d a t a h u n 1 9 9 5 p e n u l i s m e l a n j u t k a n p e n -

d i d i k a n d i I n s t i t u t P e r t a n i a n B o g o r m e l a l u i P r o g r a m P e n e -

l u s u r a n M i n a t d a n Kemampuan (PMDK). S e t e l a h l u l u s T i n g k a t

P e r s i a p a n B e r s a n a t a h u n 1 9 8 6 , p e n u l i s m e m i l i h d a n d i t e r i m a

KATA PENGANTAR

S e g a l a p u j i d a n s y u k u r k e h a d i r a t A l l a h SWT k a r e n a b e r -

k a t r a h m a t d a n h i d a y a h - N y a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n l a -

p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h i n i .

L a p o r a n K a r y a I l m i a h i n i d i s u s u n b e r d a s a r k a n h a s i l

p e r c o b a a n d i l a p a n g , y a i t u p e n e r a p a n b e b e r a p a t e k n i k b u d i -

d a y a y a n g d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p p r o p a g u l a m i k r o k e n t a n g h a s i l

k u l t u r j a r i n g a n .

P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s m e n g u c a p k a n b a n y a k t e r i m a

k a s i h k e p a d a B a p a k G . A . W a t t i m e n a d a n B a p a k Agus P u r w i t o

s e l a k u d o s e n p e m b i b i n g y a n g t e l a h m e m b i b i n g d a n m e m b e r i k a n

s a r a n d a l a m p e n u l i s a n l a p o r a n i n i . P e n u l i s j u g a m e n g u c a p -

k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a s e l u r u h p e g a w a i k e b u n p e r c o b a a n

I P B , P a s i r S o r o n g g e a t a s k e r j a s a m a y a n g b a i k , j u g a k e p a d a

R i a , C a t u r , d a n r e k a n - r e k a n y a n g t e l a h membantu s e l a m a p e -

n u l i s m e l a k S l k a n p e r c o b a a n d a n p d n u l i s a n l a p o r a n . T a k l u p a

p e n u l i s j u g a m e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a A n d i d a n

Rahmat S y a f e i y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n p e r h a t i a n d a n d o r o n g -

a n , j a u h s e b e l u m p e n u l i s a n i n i d i m u l a i h i n g g a s e l e s a i .

P e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i b a h w a l a p o r a n i n i m a s i h b a n y a k k e k u -

r a n g a n n y a . Namun d e m i k i a n p e n u l i s b e r h a r a p s e m o g a l a p o r a n

i n i b e r m a n f a a t b a g i s e n u a p i h a k y a n g m e m e r l u k a n n y a .

B o g o r , J u n i 1990

DAFTAR

IS1

. . . .

DAFTAR TABEL

. . . .

PENDAHULUAN

H a l a m a n

. . .

i v

L a t a r B e l a k a n g

. . .

1

T u j u a n P e r c o b a a n

. . .

3

H i p o t e s i s

. . .

3

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

. . .

4

B o t a n i T a n a m a n K e n t a n g

. . .

4

S y a r a t Tumbuh T a n a m a n K e n t a n g

. . .

6

P e r t u n b u h a n T a n a m a n K e n t a n g

. . .

8

K e r a p a t a n T a n a m a n

. . .

1 0 P r o p a g u l a M i k r o H a s i l K u l t u r J a r i n g a n

. . .

1 4 B A H A N DAN METODE

. . .

1 7 T e m p a t d a n W a k t u P e r c o b a a n

. . .

1 7 B a h a n P e r c o b a a n . . . 1 7 M e t o d e P e r c o b a a n

. . .

1 7 P e l a k s a n a a n P e r c o b a a n

. . .

2 0 . P e n g a m a t a n

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

2 3 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

. . .

26

K e a d a a n Umum T a n a m a n

. . .

2 6

P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a

.

.

.

.

.

3 2

P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s K e n t a n g Asal

P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s K e n t a n g A s a l

. . .

S e t e k M i k r o 56

P e n g u j i a n Empat V a r i e t a s K e n t a n g Asal S e t e k

M i k r o

. . .

66

KESIMPULAN

. . .

7 1

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

. . .

73

DAFTAR TABEL

Nomor H a l a m a n

Trlhs

1. P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a T e r h a d a p T i n g g i d a n J u m l a h B u k u T a n a m a n V a r i e t a s C i -

p a n a s , DTO 2 8 d a n Red P o n t i a c

. . .

3 4

2 . P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a T e r h a d a p J u m l a h B a t a n g V a r i e t a s C i p a n a s , DTO 2 8 d a n

. . .

R e d P o n t i a c 36

3 . P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a T e r h a d a p J u m l a h U m b i p e r Rumpun V a r i e t a s C i p a n a s ,

. . .

DTO 2 8 d a n Red P o n t i a c 3 9

4 . P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a T e r h a d a p B o b o t B a s a h Umbi d a n B o b o t K e r i n g Umbi p e r Rumpun V a r i e t a s C i p a n a s , DTO 2 8 d a n

Red P o n t i a c

. . .

4 1

5 . P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a T e r h a d a p P e r s e n - t a s e J u m l a h d a n B o b o t Umbi 1 4 0 g d a n > 4 0 g p e r Rumpun V a r i e t a s C i p a n a s ,

. . .

DTO 2 8 d a n Red P o n t i a c 45

6 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t . a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( U m b i

. . .

M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p T i n g g i T a n a m a n 4 7

7 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( U m b i M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p J d m l a h B u k u T a n a m a n

. . .

P a d a A k h i r P e n g a m a t a n 4 %

8 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( U m b i

M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p J u m l a h B a t a n g . . . 49

9 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( U m b i M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p J u m l a h Umbi p e r

Rumpun

. . .

50

1 0 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( U m b i M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p B o b o t B a s a h Umbi

p e r Rumpun

. . .

5 2

11. P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( U m b i M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p B o b o t K e r i n g Umbi

1 2 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s (Umbi M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p P e r s e n t a s e J u m l a h d a n B o b o t Umbi < 4 0 g d a n > 4 0 g p e r Rumpun S e r t a P e r s e n t a s e B o b o t Ke r i n g Umbi

. . .

13. P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n - V a r i e t a s ( S e t e k M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p T i n g g i J u m l a h Buku T a n a m a n

. . .

1 4 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( S e t e k M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p J u m l a h B a t a n g

. .

15. P e p g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n

V a r i e t a s

( S e t e k M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p J u m l a h Umbi p e r

. . .

Rumpun

1 6 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( S e t e k M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p B o b o t B a s a h Umbi d a n B o b o t K e r i n g Umbi p e r Rumpun

1 7 . P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( S e t e k M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p P e r s e n t a s e J u m l a h d a n B o b o t Umbi ~ 4 0 g d a n > 4 0 g p e r Rumpun

. . .

18. P e n g a r u h V a r i e t a s S e t e k M i k r o T e r h a d a p T i n g g i J u m l a h Buku T a n a m a n s e r t a J u m l a h B a t a n g

. . .

1 9 . P e n g a r u h Varietas S e t e k M i k r o T e r h a d a p J u m l a h Umbi, B o b o t B a s a h Umbi d a n

. . . .

B o b o t K e r i n g Umbi p e r T a n a m a n

2 0 . P e n g a r u h V a r i e t a s S e t e k M i k r o T e r h a d a p P e r s e n t a s e J u m l a h d a n B o b o t Umbi x 4 0 g d a n > 4 0 g p e r Rumpun s e r t a P e r s e n t a s e B o b o t K e r i n g Umbi . . . .

1. Hasil A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g u j i a n P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a V a r i e t a s C i p a n a s T e r h a d a p Semua P e u b a h P e r t u m b u h a n V e g e t a t i f

. . .

2 . Hasil A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g u j i a n P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a V a r i e t a s C i p a n a s

. . .

H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g u j i a n P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a V a r i e t a s DTO 2 8 T e r h a d a p S e m u a P e u b a h P e r t u m b u h a n V e g e t a t i f

. . .

Hasil A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g u j i a n P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a V a r i e t a s DTO 2 8 T e r h a d a p S e m u a P e u b a h P a n e n

. . .

H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g u j i a n P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a V a r i e t a s Red P o n - t i a c T e r h a d a p S e m u a P e u b a h P e r - t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f

. . .

H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a P r o p a g u l a V a r i e t a s Red P o n t i a c T e r h a d a p S e m u a P e u b a h P a n e q

H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( U m b i M i k r o ) T e i - 1 a d a p S e m u a P e u b a h P e r t u m b u h a n V e g e t a t i f

H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( U m b i M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p S e m u a P e u b a h P a n e n

. . .

H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( S e t e k M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p Se.mua P e u b a h P e r t u m b u h a n V e g e t a t i f

H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s ( S e t e k M i k r o ) T e r h a d a p S e m u a P e u b a h P a n e n

. . .

H a s i l A n a l i s i s Ragam P e n g a r u h V a r i e t a s S e t e k M i k r o T e r h a d a p S e m u a P e u b a h . P e r t u m b u h a n V e g e t a t i f

. . .

PENDAHULUAN

-

B i b i t b e r m u t u m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u m a s a l a h u t a m a d a -

l a m p e n g u s a h a a n k e n t a n g d i I n d o n e s i a . K e t i d a k m a m p u a n m e m -

p r o d u k s i b i b i t y a n g b e r k u a l i t a s t i n g g i k a r e n a ' t i d a k t e r d a -

p a t n y a d a e r a h d a n musim y a n g b e b a s d a r i v i r u s ; m e n y e b a b k a n

p e n g a d a a n b i b i t d i l a k u k a n m e l a l u i j a l a n i m p o r . D e n g a n ca-

r a i n i b i a y a y a n g h a r u s d i k e l u a r k a n u n t u i memenuhi k e b u t u h -

a n b i b i t d a p a t m e n c a p a i 40-50 % d a r i t o t a l b i a y a p r o d u k s i

( W a t t i m e n a , 1 9 8 6 ) .

D a l a m u p a y a m e n c u k u p i k e b u t u h a n b i b i t d a l a m n e g e r i

s e n d i r i , b e b e r a p a n e g a r a b e r k e m b a n g d i d a e r a h t r o p i k m u l a i

m e n g g u n a k a n t e k n i k p e m b i a k a n m i k r o k e n t a n g s e b a g a i a l t e r n a -

t i f p e m e c a h a n m a s a l a h p e n g a d a a n b i b i t k e n t a n g k i e r m u t u . De-

n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n t e k n i k k u l t u r j a r i n g a n i n i p r o p a g u l a m i - k r o y a n g d l h a s i l k a n d a p a t d i a t u r a g a r b e b a s d a r i p e n y a k i t -

p e n y a k i t t e r t e n t u (Wang d a n Hu, 1 9 8 2 ) .

D i V i e t n a m t e k n i k k u l t u r j a r i n g a n i n i t e l a h d i k e m -

b a n g k a n u n t u k m e m p r o d u k s i s e t e k - s e t e k m i k r o k e n t a n g k u l t i -

v a r b a r u y a n g t a h a n t e r h a d a p p e n y a k i t ( b u s u k d a u n d a n l a y u

b a k t e r i ) d a n mempunyai d a y a h a s i l y a n g t i n g g i . S e t e k -

s e t e k m i k r o i n i d i j u a l k e p a d a p e t a n i s e t e m p a t s e b a g a i b a -

2

D i T a i w a n t e k n i k k u l t u r j a r i n g a n k e n t a n g i n i d i k e m -

b a n g k a n u n t u k m e n g h a s i l k a n u m b i - u m b i m i k r o y a n g b e b a s v i r u s

d a n b e r p r o d u k s i t i n g g i u n t u k d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i s u m b e r b i b i t

k e n t a n g (Wang d a n Hu, 1 9 8 2 ) .

S e t e k m i k r o d a n u m b i m i k r o k e n t a n g i n i a d a l a h m e r u p a -

k a n d u a p e n d e k a t a n p e r b a n y a k a n m i k r o k e n t a n g m e l a l u i t e k -

n i k k u l t u r j a r i n g a n . Daya h a s i l k e d u a j e n i s p r o p a g u l a m i -

k r o i n i d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n u m b i b i b i t b i a s a j u g a t e l a h d i -

u j i o l e h W a t t i m e n a , McCown d a n W e i s ( 1 9 8 3 ) , d a n d i d a p a t k a n

b a h w a t i d a k t e r d a p a t p e r b e d a a n d a l a m t o t a l b o b o t b a s a h um-

b i y a n g n y a t a a n t a r a k e t i g a j e n i s p r o p a g u l a i n i .

D i s a m p i n g u s a h a - u s a h a m e n g a t a s i m a s a l a h b i b i t , u s a h a

d a l a m s e l e k s i v a r i e t a s y a n g b e r a d a p t a s i d a n b e r d a y a h a s i l

t i n g g i s e r t a u s a h a d a l a m p e r b a i k a n t e k n i k b u d i d a y a j u g a

p e r l u m e n d a p a t p e r h a t i a n y a n g b a n y a k d a l a m u p a y a m e m p e r o -

l e h h a s i l y a n g o p t i m u m . P e r b a i k a n t e k n l b b u d i d a y a y a n g d i -

l a k u k a n a n t a r a l a i n a d a l a h d e n g a n u s a h a m e l a k u k a n p e n a n a m -

a n d a l a m k e r a p a t a n y a n g o p t i m u m . U s a h a i n i d a l a m p r a k t e k -

n y a d i l a p a n g d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n m e m a n i p u l a s l j a r a k t a n a m ,

P e r c o b a a n i n i d i s e l e n g g a r a k a n d e n g a n t u j u a n s e b a g a i

b e r i k u t :

( 1 ) M e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h j e n i s p r o p a g u l a t e r h a d a p p r o d u k -

s i t i g a v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g

s e c a r a

t e r p i s a h

( 2 ) M e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h k e r a p a t a r , t a n a m a n t e r h a d a p p r o -

d u k s i u m b i d u a v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g a s a l u m b i m i k r o

( 3 ) M e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h k e r a p a t a n t a n a m a n t e r h a d a p p r o -

d u k s i u m b i d u a v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g

a s a l

s e t e k m i k r o

( 4 ) M e n g u j i p r o d u k s i e m p a t v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g a s a l s e t e k m i -

k r o

H i p o t e s i s y a n g d i a j u k a n d a l a m p e r c o b a a n i n i a d a l a h

s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

( 1 ) P r o d u k s i u m b i k e n t a n g d i p e n g a r u h o l e h j e n i s p r o p a g u l a

y a n g d i g u n a k a n

(2)

K e r a p a t a n t a n a m a n b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p p r o d u k s i u m b i .

K e r a p a t a n p a d a t i n g k a t t e r t e n t u a k a n m e m b e r i k a n p r o -

d u k s i u m b i y a n g l e b i h b a i k p e r s a t u a n l u a s

( 3 ) M a s i n g - m a s i n g v a r i e t a s y a n g d i g u n a k a n a k a n m e m b e r i k a n

r e s p o n y a n g b e r b e d a t e r h a d a p p e r l a k u a n k e r a p a t a n ' y a n g

d i b e r i k a n

( 4 ) M a s i n g - m a s i n g v a r i e t a s y a n g d i t a n a m m e m b e r i k a n

.

p r o -

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

T a n a m a n k e n t a n g m e r u p a k a n t a n a m a n s e m u s i m ( a n n u a l )

y a n g t e r g o l o n g k e d a l a m d i v i s i S p e r m a t o p h y t a , k e l a s D d c o -

t y l e d o n e a e , o r d o T u b i f l o r a e , k e l u a r g a S o l a n a c e a e d a n g e n u s

S o l a n u m . S e c a r a b o t a n i , t a n a m a n k e n t a n g y a n g umumnya d i b u -

d i d a y a k a n a d a l a h t a n a m a n k e n t a n g d a r i s p e s i e s

Solanum

tuberosum L i n n ( K e h r , A k e l e y d a n H o u g l a n d , 1 9 6 4 ) .

B a t a n g t a n a m a n k e n t a n g b e r b e n t u k b u l a t s a m p a i p e r s e g i ,

d a n t e r d i r i a t a s b a t a n g d i a t a s d a n d i b a w a h p e r m u k a a n t a n a h .

B a t a n g d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n t a n a h b e r u a r n a h i j a u k e m e r a h -

m e r a h a n a t a u k e u n g u - u n g u a n , b e r o n g g a , t i d a k b e r k a y u d a n

m e m b e n t u k s t r u k t u r y a n g d i s e b u t . s a y a p . B a t a n g d i b a w a h p e r -

mukaan t a n a h d a p a t b e r k a y u j i k a s u d a h t u a , m e m b e n t u k s t o -

l o n y a n g p a n j a n g n y a b e r b e d a - b e d a t e r g a n t u n g v a r i e t a s .

U j u n g s t o l o n a k a n m e m b e s a r d a n m e m b e n t u k umbi y a n g b e r -

f u n g s i s e b a g a i c a d a n g a n m a k a n a n ( E d m o n d , M u s s e r d a n An-

d r e w ~ , 1 9 5 7 ; K e h r e t a l . , 1 9 6 4 ; P e r m a d i , W a r s i t o d a n S u - m i a t i , 1 9 8 5 ) . E e r s a m a a n d e n g a n m a t i n y a t a n a m a n , s t o l o n

a k a n m e n g e r i n g s e h i n g g a u m b i a k h i r n y a t e r l e p a s (Edruond

e t a l . , 1 9 5 7 ) . Daun t a n a m a n k e n t a n g a d a l a h d a u n m a j e m u k ,

d e n g a n a n a k d a u n p r i m e r d a n a n a k d a u n s e k u n d e r . Anak d a u n

p r i m e r t e r d i r i a t a s a n a k d a u n l a t e r a l y a n g t e r s u s u n s e c a r a

b e r p a s a n g a n p a d a t a n g k a i d a u n u t a m a , d a n d i a k h i r i d e n g a n

llxlah

Tanaman k e n t a n g mempunyai a d a p t a s i y a n g l u a s p a d a b e r -

b a g a i j e n i s t a n a h ( S m i t h 1 9 6 8 ) . D a p a t t u m b u h d e n g a n b a i k

p a d a t a n a h - t a n a h v u l k a n i s ( A n d o s o l ) y a n g g e m b u r d a n b a n y a k

m e n g a n d u n g humus ( S u n a r j o n o , 1 9 7 5 ) . A d a n y a b a h a n o r g a n i k

d a p a t m e m p e r b a i k i s t r u k t u r d a n a e r a s i t a n a h s e h i n g g a t a n a h

t e r s e b u t s a n g a t b a i k u n t u k p e m b e n t u k a n d a n p e r k e m b a n g a n um-

b i , s e r t a m e m h s r i k a n b e n t u k u m b i y a n g l e b i h b a i k d a n w a r n a

k u l i t u m b i y a n g l e b i h c e r a h (Thompson d a n K e l l y , 1 9 5 7 ) .

Tanaman i n i j u g a m e n g h e n d a k i t a n a h y a n g m e m p u n y a i

d r a i n a s e b a i k d a n d a p a t n e n y i m p a n a i r y a n g c u k u p . O l e h k a -

r e n a i t u p e m b e r i a n a i r u n t u k t a n a m a n h a r u s d i l a k u k a n s e c a -

r a t e r a t u r ( T h o m p s o n d a n K e l l y , 1 9 5 7 ) . P a d a t a n a h - t a n a h

y a n g t e r g e n a n g , u m b i mudah b u s u k d a n t a n a m a n mudah t e r s e -

r a n g eny yak it l a y u ( S u n a r j o n o , 1 9 7 5 ) .

K e n t a n g j i k a d i t a n a m d i t a n a h l i a t y a n g b e r a t c e n d e -

r u n g membentuk u m b i y a n g b e r l e m a k d a n a r o m a n y a k u r a n g . De-

m i k i a n p u l a j i k a d i t a n a m d i t a n a h g a m b u t . P a d a t a n a h l e m -

p u n g b e r k a r i k i l , s u b u r d a n d a l a m , u m b i y a n g t e r b e n t u k m e m -

p u n y a i r a s a y a n g l e b i h e n a k d a n k a n d u n g a n k a r b o h i d r a t n y a

t i n g g i ( W a r s i t o , 1 9 7 0 ) .

R e a k s i t a n a h y a n g o p t i m u m u n t u k p e r t u m b u h a n t a n a m a n

k e n t a n g i n i a d a l a h 4 . 8

-

5 . 4 ( W a r s i t o , 1 9 7 0 ) . P a d a t a n a h

7

a k a r d a n s e r i n g t i m b u l g e j a l a k e k u r a n g a n u n s u r Mg s e r t a k e -

r a c u n a n u n s u r Mn. S e d a n g k a n p a d a t a n a h - t a n a h a l k a l i s s e -

r i n g t i m b u l g e j a l a k e k u r a n g a n K ( S u n a r j o n o , 1 9 7 5 ) .

Udim

K e a d a a n i k l i m s a n g a t m e m p e n g a r u h i p e r t u m b u h a n d a n p e r -

k e m b a n g a n t a n a m a n k e n t a n g . K.-ntang t u m b u h b a i k p a d a d a e r a h

d e n g a n s u h u u d a r a d i n g i n (Edmond e t

al.,

1 9 5 7 ) . M e n u r u t

T h o m p s o n d a n K e l l y ( 1 9 5 7 ) , h a s i l maksimum t a n a m a n k e n t a n g

d i p e r o l e h p a d a s u h u b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 15.6OC d a n 1 8 . 3 O C .

Ji-

k a selama masa p e m b e n t u k a n u m b i s u h u u d a r a b e r a d a d i bawah

k i s a r a n i n i (Thompson <.an K e l l y , 1 9 5 7 ) a t a u d i a t a s n y a ( d e -

n g a n s u h u k r i t i s 30°C) maka p r o d u k s i u m b i a k a n r e n d a h (War-

d i y a t i , 1 9 9 0 ) .

M e n u r u t S l a t e r ( 1 9 6 3 ) d i d a e r a h d a t a r a n t i n g g i t r o -

p i s , p e m b e n t u k a n umbi t e r j a d i d e n g a n b a i k p a d a s u h u s i a n g

25OC d a n s u h u malam 17°C a t a u l e b i h r e n d a h . Has31 p e n e l i -

t i a n W a r d i y a t i ( 1 9 9 0 ) m e n u n j u k a n bahwa p e n i n g k a t a n s u h u s e -

b e s a r Z°C ( d a r i 31°C k e 33OC) d i d a e r a h t r c p i s ( d e n g a n

m e n g a b a i k a n f a k t o r l i n g k u n g a n l a i n n y a ) mampu m e n e k a n h a s i l

s e b e s a r 7 7 X . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n d i t u n j u k k a n bahwa p e n g a r u h

s u h u t i n g g i b e s a r s e k a l i t e r h a d a p h a s i l .

M e n u r u t A s a n d h i d a n G u n a d i ( 1 9 8 5 ) d a n S u n a r j o n o

( 1 9 7 5 ) , p a n j a n g h a r i y a n g r e l a t i f p e n d e k d i d a e r a h t r o p i s

a p a b i l a d i k o m b i n a s i k a n d e n g a n s u h u d i n g i n d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n

K a r e n a a l a s a n i n i t a n a m a n k e n t a n g p a d a umumnya t u m b u h b a i k

d i d a e r a h d a t a r a n t i n g g i d e n g a n k e t i n g g i a n 5 0 0 - 3 0 0 0 m

d i

a t a s

p e r m u k a a n l a u t . H a s i l y a n g t e r b a i k d i p e r o l e h p a d a

k e t i n g g i a n 1 3 0 0 m d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n l a u t , d e n g a n k e l e m b a b -

a n r e l a t i f u d a r a b e r k i s a r 8 0 - 9 0 % .

S e l a m a p e r t u m b u h a n d i p e r l u k a n c u r a h h u j a n r a t a - r a t a

s e b e s a r 1 0 0 0 mm a t a u s e k i t a r 2 0 0

-

3 0 0 mm s e t i a p b u l a n n y a .

A i r y a n g b e r l e b i h a n d a p a t m e n y e b a b k a n u m b i m e n j a d i S u s u k ,

s e d a n g k a n p a d a k o n d i s i k e r i n g d a p a t t e r b e n t u k u m b i y a n g t i -

d a k n o r m a l ( T h o m p s o n d a n K e l l y , 1 9 5 7 ) .

Tanaman k e n t a n g y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i u m b i umumnya memi-

l i k i b a t a n g d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n t a n a h l e b i h d a r i s a t u d a n

m e m b e n t u k a k a r s e r a b u t . S t o l o n t u m b u h d a r i r u a s b a t a n g

t e r b a w a h y a n g m e n d a t a r k e s a m p i n g d i d a l a m t a n a h d a n m e m -

b e n t u k umbi d i u j u n g n y a ( P e r m a d i e i a l . , 1 9 8 5 ) . Tanaman k e n t a n g i n i m e n u r u t E v a n s &&xu P e r m a d i e t a l . , ( 1 3 3 5 ) m e n g a l a m i t i g a t a h a p p e r t u m b u h a n , y a i t u t a h a p p e r t u n a s a n ,

t a h a p p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f , d a n t a h a p p e m b e n t u k a n u m b i .

K a r a k t e r u m b i s e b a g a i m a n a h a l n y a b a t a n g , m e n g e n a l

a d a n y a d o m i n a s i a p i k a l . B i l a t u n a s a p i k a l d i h i l a n g k a n

a t a u m a t i , t u n a s - t u n a s l a i n d i r a n g s a n g u n t u k t u m b u h s e b a -

g a i m a n a h a l n y a t u n a s l a t e r a l p a d a b a t a n g . A p a b i l a umbl

d a r i s e l u r u h mata y a n g a d a p a d a umbi h a n y a s a t u s a m p a i t i -

ga b a t a n g p r o d u k t i f y a n g a k a n tumbuh ( K e h r e t a l . , 1 9 6 4 ) .

Umbi a k a n b e r t u n a s s e t e l a h m e l a m p a u i

masa

d o r m a n ,

a s a l k a n s u h u d a n k e l e m b a b a n m e m u n g k i n k a n . Lamanya masa

d o r m a n t e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a b e b e r a p a f a k t o r , y a i t u v a r i e t a s ,

k o n d i s i p e r t u m b u h a n t a n a m a n i n d u k , umur t a n a m a n k e t i k a d i -

. p a n e n , s u h u p e n y i m p a n a n , s e r t a k e l e m b a b a n p e n y i m p a n a n

( B a r t h o l o m e w , 1 9 8 1 ) .

T a h a p p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f a d a l a h t a h a p s a a t d i m u -

l a i n y a p e r t u m b u h a n a u t o t r o p i , y a i t u s a a t p e r t u m b u h a n

t a -

naman d i b a g i a n a t a s p e r m u k a a n t a n a h m e n d o m i n a s i s e m u a p e r -

t u m b u h a n t a n a m a n . S e d a n g k a n t a h a p p e m b e n t u k a n umbi menu-

r u t B a r t h o l o m e w ( 1 9 8 1 ) m e l i p u t i t i g a t a h a p y a i t u t a h a p

awal i n i s i a s i u m b i , t a h a p i n i s i a s i umbi d a n awal p e r k e m -

b a n g a n u m b i , s e r t a t a h a p p e r k e m b a n g a n d a n p e m a t a n g a n u m b i .

N e n u r u t H3y d a n A l l e n ( 1 9 7 8 ) . p e m b e n t u k a n u m b i p a d a

t a n a m a n k e n t a n g s e c a r a n o r m a l d i m u l a i p a d a s a a t t a n a m a n

b e r u m u r 2 8 h a r i s e t e l a h t a n a m . P e m b e n t u k a n umbi d a p a t t e r -

j a d i b e r s a m a a n d e n g a n p e m b u n g a a n d a n d a p a t p u l a t e r j a d i s e -

t e l a h p e m b u n g a a n , t e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a v a r i e t a s d a n k o n d i s i

l i n g k u n g a n ( S m i t h , 1 9 6 8 ) .

B u r t o n ( 1 9 6 6 ) m e n j e l a s k a n bahwa p e m b e n t u k a n u m b i p a d a

t a n a m a n k e n t a n g t e r j a d i a k i b a t p e m b e s a r a n u j u n g s t o l o n

y a n g b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i t e m p a t c a d a n g a n makanan. S e c a r a

1 0

d e n g a n t u n a s - t u n a s a t a u mata y a n g b i a s a n y a t e r d a p a t p a d a

k e t i a k d a u n ( Y a m a g u c h i , 1 9 8 3 ) . P a d a s a a t p e m b e n t u k a n umbi

i n i t e r j a d i p e n i m b u n a n a s i m i l a t s e p e r t i p r o t e i n d a n k a r b o -

h i d r a t d i umbi u n t u k p e d b e s a r a n u m b i .

P e r k e m b a n g a n umbi m e n u r u t P e r m a d i e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 5 ) d i -

a w a l i d e n g a l l m e n i n g k a t n y a a s i m i l a s i C02 s a m p a i t i g a k a l i

l i p a t d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n p a d a s a a t umbi b e l u m t e r b e n t u k .

A s i m i l a t y a n g d i t r a n s l o k a s i k a n k e d a l a m umbi d a p a t menca-

p a i d u a k a l i l i p a t j u m l a h a s i m i l a t y a n g d i g u n a k a n o l e h b a -

g i a n t a n a m a n d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n t a n a h . P a d a w a k t u p e r t a m -

b a h a n b o b o t umbi t e t a p , p e m b e n t u k a n d a u n m e n u r u n .

v

K e r a p a t a n t a n a m a n d i l a p a n g d i g a m b a r k a n o l e h k e r a p a t -

a n b a t a n g ( j u m l a h t a n a m a n p e r u m b i ) k a r e n a m a s i n g - m a s i n g

b a t a n g , y a n g m u n c u l d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n t a n a h mempunyai k e -

mampuan u n t u k m e m b e n t . ~ k a k a r . , s t o l o n d a n umbi s e n d i r i . De-

n g a n d e m i k i a n s e t i a p c a b a n g l a t e r a l y a n g b e r a d a d i bawah

p e r m u k a a n t a n a h mempunyai kemampuan y a n g s a m a s e p e r t i b a -

t a n g u t a m a , d a n d i d u g a j u g a m e m i l i k i p r o d u k t i f i t a s y a n g s a -

m a ( W i e r s e m a , 1 9 8 7 ) .

H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n McCown d a n W a t t i m e n a ( 1 9 8 7 ) m e n u n j u k -

k a n bahwa umbi m i k r o ( v a r i e t a s Red P o n t i a c ) m e n g h a s i l k a n

s a t u b a t a n g p e r p r o p a g u l a . D e n g a n d i h a s i l k a n n y a l e b i h d a r i

s a t u b a t a n g d a r i umbi b i b i t b i a s a , n a k a j a r a k d a n p e n g a t u r -

11

d i t e r a p k a n p a d a umbi m i k r o , k a r e n a a d a n y a p e n g a r u h k e r a p a t -

a n t a n a m a n t e r h a d a p p e r t u m b u h a n d a n h a s i l umbi k e n t a n g .

K e r a p a t a n t a n a m a n d a l a m p r a k t e k n y a d i l a p a n g d a p a t d i -

m a n i p u l a s i a n t a r a l a i n m e l a l u i j a r a k t a n a m , j u m l a h p r o p a -

g u l a p e r l u b a n g t a n a m , d a n u k u r a n u m b i p r o p a g u l a y a n g

d i -

g u n a k a n . Ketiga komponen k e r a p a t a n i n i a k a n m e m p e n g a r u h i

j u m l a h b a t a n g d a n j u m l a h u m b i y a n g d i h a s i l k a n o l e h t a n a m a n

( M o o r b y , 1 9 7 8 ) .

&

a

P e n g a t u r a n j a r a k t a n a m d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n m e m a n i -

p u l a s i j a r a k a n t a r d a n d a l a m b a r i s p e n a n a m a n . Dari h a s i l

p e n e l i t i a n J a r v i s d a n S h o t t o n s e p e r t i y a n g d i p a p a r k a n o l e h

A l l e n ( 1 9 7 8 ) m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a p e r u b a h a n a n t a r j a r a k b a r i s

d a l a m p o p u l a s i y a n g sama t i d a k m e m p e n g a r u h i h a s i l u m b i ( t o -

t a l b o b o t b a s a h u m b i ) s e c a r a n y a t a .

P e n y e m p i t a n j a r a k d a l a m b a r i s a k a n m e n i n g k a t k a n kom-

p e t i s i a n t a r t a n a m a n . K e c e p a t a n p e r b a n y a k a n a k a n b e r k u -

r a n g , s e h i n g g a a k a n m e n u r u n k a n j u m l a h u m b i y a n g d i h a s i l k a n

p e r t a n a m a n , namun j u m l a h u m b i p e r s a t u a n l u a s s e m a k i n me-

n i n g k a t

.

B a s i l p e n e l i t i a n McCown d a n W a t t i m e n a ( 1 9 8 7 ) t e r h a d a p

u m b i m i k r o m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a p e r u b a h a n j a r a k d a l a m b a r i s

( 1 5 , 3 0 , 4 5 d a n 6 0 cm) t i d a k b e r p e n g a r u h n y a t a t e r h a d a p

Hasil p e n e l i t i a n B l e a s d a l e d a n Thompson d a l a m A l l e n

( 1 9 7 8 ) t e r h a d a p v a r i e t a s m a j e s t i c m e n u n j u k a n bahwa p e r l a -

k u a n p e n a n a m a n 1, 2 d a n 3 b i b i t p e r l u b a n g t i d a k mempenga-

r u h i b o b o t b a s a h umbi y a n g d i h a s i l k a n p a d a t a h u n p e r t a m a

p e r c o b a a n . P a d a t a h u n b e r i k u t n y a d i t e m u k a n bahwa p e n a n a m -

a n s a t u p r o p a g u l a p e r l u b a n g m e m b e r i k a n h a s i l umbi y a n g l e -

b i h b a i k d a r i p a d a p e r l a k u a n l a i n . M e n u r u t A l l e n ( 1 9 7 8 ) ,

j u m l a h p r o p a g u l a p e r l u b a n g d a p a t m e m p e n g a r u h i j u m l a h u m b i

y a n g d i h a s i l k a n t a n a m a n d a n s a n g a t m e m p e n g a r u h i h a s i l u m b i

u k u r a n t e r t e n t u . Penanaman l e b i h d a r i s a t u p r o p a g u l a p e r

l u b a n g u n t u k b i b i t y a n g b e r u k u r a n k e c i l m u n g k i n d a p a t a e n g -

u n t u n g k a n j i k a d i l a k u k a n .

1 P r o o ~ o 1 1 l a

V a r i a s i u k u r a n umbi a k a n d i i k u t i p u l a d e n g a n j u m l a h

t u n a s y a n g b e r b e d a p a d a p e r m u k a a n n y a . J u n ~ l a h t u n a s a k a n

m e n i n g k a t d e n g a n b e r t a m b a h n y a u k u r a n u m b i , namun d a l a m k e -

c e p a t a n y a n g m a k i n menurun ( A l l e n , 1 9 7 8 ) . M e n u r u t K e h r

e t a l . , ( 1 9 6 4 ) d a r i s e l u r u h mata y a n g a d a p a d a umbi h a n y a

s a t u s a m p a i t i g a t u n a s y a n g a k a n t u m b u h membentuk b a t a n g

y a n g p r o d u k t i f .

J u m l a h b a t a n g y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h l u a s

p e r m u k a a n umbi ( R e e s t m a n d a n d e W i t t , 1 9 5 9 ) . H i r t o n ( 1 9 8 7 )

m e n j e l a s k a n bahwa umbi y a n g l e b i h b e s a r m e n g h a s i l k a n t u n a s

13

b e r u k u r a n l e b i h k e c i l , s e b a b p e r k e m b a n g a n k e c a m b a h d a n b a

t a n g u t a m a b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n l u a s p e r m u k a a n u m b i . T u n a s -

t u n a s t e r s e b u t t u m b u h l e b i h c e p a t p a d a u m b i y a n g l e b i h b e -

s a r , k a r e n a mempunyai l e b i h b a n y a k c a d a n g a n m a k a n a n y a n g

t e r s e d i a u n t u k s e t i a p t u n a s d i b a n d i n g k a n umbi y a n g k e c i l .

M a k i n k e c i l u k u r a n u m b i b i b i t d e n g a n j u m l a h t u n a s y a n g s e -

n a k i n b a n y a k , maka a k a n s e m a k i n b e s a r k o m p e t i s i a n t a r t u -

n a s , s e h i n g g a p e r t u m b u h a n n y a t e r h a m b a t .

A l l e n ( 1 9 7 8 ) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a p e n e l i t i a n J a r v i s

( 1 9 7 1 ) m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a v a r i e t a s P e n t l a n d Crown m e m b e r i -

k a n r e s p o n y a n g b e s a r t e r h a d a p u k u r a n u m b i b i b i t y a n g d i -

g u n a k a n . S e m a k i n b e s a r u m b i y a n g d i t a n a m , p r o d u k s i u m b i

d a l a m t o t a l b o b o t b a s a h p e r h e k t a r j u g a s e m a k i n m e n i n g k a t .

H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n S e k h o n d a n S i n g h ( 1 9 8 5 ) m e n u n j u k k a n

b a h w a p a d a p e m a k a i a n u m b i y a n g sama p e r h e k t a r , u m b i b e r -

u k u r a n k e c i l ( 1 7 - 2 0 g ) l e b i h e f i s i e n d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i sum-

b e r p e n g h a s i l b i b i t d a r i p a d a u m b i b e r u k u r a n s e d a n g ( 5 0 -

60 g ) .

S e m a k i n m e n i n g k a t b o b o t u m b i y a n g d i t a n a m , maka sema-

k i n v l g o r t a n a m a n y a n g d i h a s i l k a n , d a n j u m l a h s t o l o n b e -

s e r t a u m b i y a n g d i h a s i l k a n p e r b a t a n g j u g a s e m a k i n m e n i n g -

k a t . S e l a n j u t n y a d i j e l a s k a n b a h w a p e n i n g k a t a n h a s i l u m b i

P r o ~ U i k r o H a s i l l t u r

Jarinaan

T u j u a n d a r i k u l t u r j a r i n g a n k e n t a n g d i I n d o n e s i a d i j e -

l a s k a n o l e h W a t t i m e n a ( 1 9 8 6 ) a d a l a h s e b a g a i u s a h a u n t u k

p e m b e b a s a n p e n y a k i t s i s t e m i k , p e l e s t a r i a n p l a s m a n u t f a h ,

d a n u n t u k p e r b a i k a n j e n i s , s e r t a t u j u a n p e r b a n y a k a n t a n a m -

a n . L e b i h j a u h d i k a t a k a n bahwa t e k n i k k u l t u r j a r i n g a n d a -

p a t d i p a k a i s e b a g a i a l t e r n a t i f u n t u k m e n g h a s i l k a n b i b i t

y a n g b e b a s p a t o g e n , s e r a g a m , t i d a k t e r g a n t u n g m u s i m , b a -

n y a k , c e p a t d a n k e m u n g k i n a n l e b i h m u r a h d a r i b i b i t i m p o r .

Ada d u a p e n d e k a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n d a l a m p e r b a n y a k a n m i k r o

k e n t a n g i n i , y a i t u s e t e k m i k r o d a n u m b i m i k r o . P r o s e s pe-

nurnbuhan p r o p a g u l a m i k r o i n i d i m u l a i d e n g a n m e n c a r i b a h a n

t a n a m a n y a n g s u d a h b e b a s v i r u s . K e m u d i a n d i t a n a m p a d a

m e d i a t u m b u h p a d a t y a n g s t e r i l d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i m e d i a t e r -

t e n t u d a l a m b o t o l k u l t u r . B o t o l k u l t u r i n i s e l a n j u t n y a

d i t e m p a t k a n d a l a m r u a n g a n k u l t u r d e n g a n s u h u d a n c a h a y a

t e r k o n t r o l s e l a m a ernpat m i n g g u .

S e t e l a h b a h a n t a n a m a n b e r t u n a s , t a n a m a n m i k r o t a d i s i -

a p u n t u k d i a m b i l s e t e k m i k r o n y a , d a n d a p a t l a n g s u n g d i

a k l i m a t i s a s i s e b a q a i b i b i t u n t u k p e n a n a m a n d i l a p a n g . S e -

l a n j u t n y a W a t t i m e n a ( l 9 8 6 ) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a s e t e k m i k r o i n i

d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k p e n g g a n d a a n b i b i t d a s a r , p e n g h a s i l

b i b i t s e b a r , a t a u l a n g s u n g d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p r o p a g u l a b a -

15

M e n u r u t Uyen d a n Zaag ( 1 9 8 3 ) , t e r d a p a t 1 0 p e t a n i y a n g

t e l a h membangun p u s a t p e r b a n y a k a n c e p a t k e n t a n g d i V i e t n a m

p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 1 . Oua s e t e n g a h j u t a s e t e k m i k r o d i j u a l d a -

lam b e n t u k

p l a n t l e t

s i a p t a n a m k e p a d a p a r a p e t a n i p e n a n a m d a r i b u l a n O k t o b e r 1 9 8 1 s a m p a i O k t o b e r 1 9 8 2 .

Rata-rata

p r o d u k s i u m b i t i a p

p l a n t l e t

a d a l a h 1 k g d e n g a n p o p u l a s i 2 6 0 0 0

-

3 3 0 0 0

p l a n t l e t

p e r h e k t a r . H a m p i r 8 0 % d a r i t o - t a l u m b i y a n g d i p a n e n a d a l a h u m b i k o n s u m s i . S i s a n y a d i g u -

n a k a n s e b a g a i u m b i b i b i t .

G o o d w i n d a n Brown ( 1 9 8 0 ) m e m b a n d i n g k a n h a s i l u m b i

s e -

t e k m i k r o d e n g a n u m b i b i b i t b i a s a , d a n d i d a p a t k a n b a h w a t a -

naman y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i s e t e k m i k r o ( u m u r 8 m i n g g u ) v a r i e -

t a s K e n n e b e c m e m b e r i k a n p r o d u k s i u m b i y a n g t i d a k b e r b e d a

n y a t a d e n g a n p r o d u k s i u m b i b i b i t b i a s a . T i d a k d i t e m u k a n

t a n a m a n y a n g m e m b e n t u k p e r t u m b u t ~ a n y a n g a b n o r m a l d i l a -

p a n g . Umbi y a n g d i h a s i l k a n j u g a n o - m a 1 d a l a m b e n t u k d a n

s e b a r a n u k u r a n .

P e n a n a m a n s e t e k m i k r o i n i u n t u k t u j u a n b i b i t maupun

p r o d u k s i u m b i k o n s u m s i s a n g a t p o t e n s i a l . d i A s i a , namun s e -

d i k i t s e k a l i i n f o r m a s i m e n g e n a i m e t o d o l o g i a g r o n o m i d a l a m

p e n a n a m a n s e t e k i n i . L e b i h j a u h d i n y a t a k a n o l e h E s c o b a r

d a n Zaag ( 1 9 8 8 ) b a h w a t e k n i k b u d i d a y a b i b i t b e r u p a s e t e k

i n i b e r b e d a d e n g a n b i b i t b e r u p a u m b i .

Hasil p e n e l i t i a n E s c o b a r d a n Z a a g ( 1 9 8 8 ) m e n u n j u k k a n ,

1 6

k e n t a n g s e c a r a k o m e r s i a l d i d a e r a h t r o p i s y a n g h a n g a t ,

d i m a n a u m b i b i b i t y a n g b e b a s p e n y a k i t s u k a r u n t u k d i p e r o -

l e h d a n d i s i m p a n .

U n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n umbi m i k r o , s e t e k m i k r o d a r i b a h a n

t a n a m a n d i a m b i l d a n d i p i n d a h k a n k e m e d i a b a r u y a n g b e r u p a

m e d i a c a i r d e n g a n k o m p o s i s i t e r t e n t u . Kemudian d i t e m p a t -

k a n d a l a m r u a n g a n g e l a p d e n g a n s u h u 16OC s e l a m a 8 m i n g g u .

S e t e l a h melewati masa i n i , umbi m i k r o s i a p u n t u k d i p a n e n .

D e l a p a n minggu k e m u d i a n umbi m i k r o i n i s u d a h b e r t u n a s d a n

s i a p u n t u k d i t a n a m d i l a p a n g ( W a t t i m e n a 1 9 6 6 ) .

Dari h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n Wang d a n Hu ( 1 9 8 2 ) d i d a p a t k a n

bahwa p r o d u k s i u m b i d a r i p r o p a g u l a umbi m i k r o b e b a s v i r u s

y a n g d i k e m b a n g k a n 2 6 % l e b i h t i n g g i d a r i p a d a p r o d u k s i umbi

d a r i umbi b i b i t b i a s a . D e r a j a t k o n t a m i n a s i p r o p a g u l a m i -

k r o i n i h a n y a s e b e s a r 0 . 6 6 % , s e d a n g k a n u m b i b i b i t p e t a n l

m e n g a n d u n g 1 6 . 8 % d a n b e b e r a p a d i a n t a r a n y a t e r k o n t a m i n a s i

v i r u s 1 0 0 % .

Penanaman u m b i m i k r o y a n g s u d a h b e r t u n a s i n i d i I n d o -

n e s i a d a p a t l a n g s u n g d ~ l a k u k a n d i l a p a n g . D i n e g a r a - n e g a r a

E r o p a d a n USA h a 1 i n i t i d a k d a p a t d i l a k u k a n k a r e n a s u h u t a -

n a h d a n u d a r a p a d a p e r m u l a a n musim p e n a n a m a n k e n t a n g a d a -

l a h r e n d a h ( < 1 0 ° C ) . Umbi m i k r o y a n g s u d a h b e r t u n a s i n i

t i d a k a k a n t u m b u h m e n j a d i t a n a m a n d i l a p a n g s e l a m a s u h u

BAHAN DAN METODE

T e a o a t

Biin

Waktu

P e r c o b a m

P e r c o b a a n i n i d i l a k u k a n d i Kebun P e r c o b a a n I P B P a s i r

S a r o n g g e , k a b u p a t e n C i a n j u r , Jawa B a r a t , m u l a i b u l a n Maret

1 9 8 9 h i n g g a b u l a n A g u s t u s 1 9 8 9 . K e t i n g g i a n t e m p a t k u r a n g

l e b i h 1 100 m d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n l a u t d e n g a n j e n i s t a n a h a n -

d o s o l d a n kemasaman t a n a h ( p H ) b e r k i s a r 4 . 9 - 5 . 4 . I k l i m

t i p e A b e r d a s a r k a n k l a s i f i k a s i i k l i m S c h m i d t - F e r g u s o n d e -

n g a n s u h u h a r i a n s e k i t a r 17OC-25-C. K e l e m b a b a n u d a r a

r a t a 9 3 % d e n g a n c u r a h h u j a n t a h u n a n 3 000 m m .

-

B a h a n t a n a m a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h u m b i g e n e r a s i p e r -

t a m a d a r i umbi m i k r o (GI), umbi m i k r o (GO), d a n s e t e k m i -

k r o k e n t a n g h a s i l p e r b a n y a k a n L a b o r a t o r i u m K u l t u r J a r i n g a n

K n t a n g A g r o n o m i , LPB B o g o r .

Umbi G1 d a n umbi m i k r o y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h u m b i y a n g

t e l a h b e r t u n a s d a n b e r a s a l d a r i 3 v a r i e t a s y a i t u DTO 2 8 ,

C i p a n a s d a n Red P o n t i a c . S e d a n g k a n u n t u k s e t e k m i k r o d i -

g u n a k a n s e t e k e m p a t b u k u d a r i 4 v a r i e t a s y a i t u Red P o n t i a c ,

N o r c h i p , D i a m a n t d a n N o o k s a c k .

-

P e r c o b a a n i n i t e r d i r i d a r i e m p a t u n i t p e r c o

t e r p i s a h s a t u d a m a l a i n . Keempat p e r c o b a a n

18 k e n t a n g , ( 2 ) ~ e n g a r u h k e r a p a t a n t e r h a d a p p r o d u k s i u m b i d u a

v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g a s a l umbi m i k r o , ( 3 ) P e n g a r u h k e r a p a t a n

t e r h a d a p p r o d u k s i u m b i d u a v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g a s a l s e t e k m i -

k r o , d a n ( 4 ) P e n g u j i a n p r o d u k s i 4 v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g a s a l s e -

t e k m i k r o .

P e r c o b a a n 1: P e n g a r u h J e n i s P r o p a g u l a

R a n c a n g a n p e r c o b a a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h r a n c a n g a n

a c a k k e l o m p o k d e n g a n s a t u f a k t o r y a i t u f a k t o r j e n i s p r o p a -

g u l a . P r o p a g u l a y a n g d i g u n a k a n t e r d i r i a t a s t u j u h j e n i s ,

y a i t u p r o p a g u l a u m b i m i k r o ( U l ) d a n 6 j e n i s p r o p a g u l a

GI.

Keenam p r o p a g u l a G I t e r s e b u t a d a l a h s e b a g a i ~ e r i k u t :

( U 2 ) P r o p a g u l a G I b e s a r ( 3 5 0 g ) d e n g a n t u n a s t u n g -

g a l ( d i s i n g k a t m e n j a d i G I b e s a r

-

TT)

( U 3 ) G I s e d a n g ( 2 0

-

5 0

g )

-

TT

(U4)

G I k e c i l ( 6 2 0 g )

-

TT

( U S ) G I b e s a r

-

T u n a s majemuk (TM)

( U 6 )

G1

s e d a n g

-

TM ( U 7 ) G 1 k e c i l

-

TM

K e t u j u h p e r l a k u a n i n i d i a c a k d i d a l a m 5 b l o k p k r c o b a a n ,

d a n d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p 3 v a r i e t a s k e n t a n g s e c a r a t e r p i s a h ,

y a i t u v a r i e t a s C i p a n a s , DTO 2 5 d a n Red P o n t i a c .

P e r c o b a a n 2 : P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s K e n t a n g Asal Umbi M i k r o

P e r c o b a a n i n i m e r u p a k a n p e r c o b a a n f a k t o r i a l d e n g a n 2

1 9

t e r d i r i

a t a s

2 t a r a f y a i t u DTO 28 ( V l ) d a n C i p a n a s ( V 2 ) .

F a k t o r k e d u a a d a l a h k e r a p a t a n t a n a m a n , t e r d i r i a t a s 4 t a -

r a f y a i t u 1 u m b i m i k r o p e r l u b a n g d e n g a n j a r a k t a n a m 7 0 cm

x

3 0 c m ( d i s i n g k a t m e n j a d i 1 p r o p a g u l a

-

7 0 cm

x

3 0 cm) s e -

b a g a i P I , 2 p r o p a g u l a

-

7 0

cm

x

3 0

cm

( P Z ) , 1 p r o p a g u l a

-

7 0 c m

x

1 5 c m ( P 3 ) d a n 2 p r o p a g u l a 7 0 clr8

x

15 em ( P 4 ) .

R a n c a n g a n l i n g k u n g a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h r a n c a n g a n

a c a k k e l o m p o k . Semua k o m b i n a s i p e r l a k u a n d i a c a k d i d a l a m

5 b l o k p e r c o b a a n

P e r c o b a a n 3 : P e n g a r u h K e r a p a t a n d a n V a r i e t a s K e n t a n g A s a l S e t e k M i k r o

R a n c a n g a n p e r c o b a a n i n i a d a l a h r a n c a n g a n f a k t o r i a l

a c a k k e l o m p o k d e n g a n 4 u l a n g a n . T e r d i r i a t a s 2 f a k t o r

y a i t u v a r i e t a s s e t e k m i k r o d a n k e r a p a t a n t a n a m a n . F a k t o r

v a r i e t a s t e r d i r i a t a s 2 t a r a f y a i t u V 1 ( N o r c h i p ) d a n V2

( R e d P o n t i a c ) . F a k t o r k e r a p a t a n t naman t e r d i r i a t a s 3 t a -

r a f y a i t u 1 b i b i t p e r l u b a n g d e n g a n j a r a k t a n a m a n 7 0 cm

x

3 0 c m ( d i s i n g k a t m e n j a d i 1 p r o p a g u l a

-

7 0 cm

x

3 0 c m s e b a -

g a i P I , 2 p r o p a g u l a - 7 0 cm

x

3 0 c m ( t?2 ) , d a n 1 p r o p a g u -

l a

-

7 0 c m

x

15 c m ( P 3 ) .

P e r c o b a a n 4 : P e n g u j i a n Empat V a r i e t a s K e n t a n g Asal S e t e k M i k r o

Dalam p e r c o b a a n i n i d i g u n a k a n r a n c a n g a n a c a k k e l o m p o k

d e n g a n 1 f a k t o r y a i t u V a r i e t a s S e t e k M i k r o . T e r d i r i a t a s

( V 3 ) , d a n D i a m a n t ( V 4 ) . Semua p e r l a k u a n d i u l a n g d a l a m 5

b l o k p e r c o b a a n .

!,!&

M i k r o d a ~ l Umbi

GL.

Umbi m i k r o y a n g d i g u n a k a n un-

t u k p e r c o b a a n i n i a d a l a h u m b i m i k r o y a n g t e l a h m e m b e n t u k

t u n a s minimum s e p a n j a n g 0 . 5

cm.

Umbi y a n g d i p i l i h a d a l a h

u m b i y a n g mempunyai d i a m e t e r k u r a n g l e b i h 5

-

8 m m .

U m b i

G1

y a n g d i g u n a k a n j u g a umbi-umbi y a n g t e l a h mem-

b e n t u k t u n a s , minimum s e p a n j a n g k u r a n g l e b i h 1 cm. U k u r a n

b e s a r k e c i l n y a u m b i d i t e t a p k a n b e r d a s a r k a n b o b o t u m b i . Un-

t u k v a r i e t a s C i p a n a s b o b o t umbi u k u r a n b e s a r a d a l a h 5 . 5 0 g ,

s e d a n g f 3 0 g d a n k e c i l f

10

g . U n t u k

DTO

2 8 , b o b o t umbi

u k u r a n b e s a r f 6 5 g , s e d a n g f 4 5 g d a n k e c i l ? 15 g . S e - d a n g k a n u n t u k v a r i e t a s Red P o n t i a c , b o b o t u m b i u k u r a n b e -

s a r a d a l a h ? 6 0 g , s e d a n g f 4 0 g d a n k e c i l ?

log.

B a i k u m b i G 1 maupun u m b i M i k r o t i d a k m e n d a p a t p e r l a -

k u a n k h u s u s s e b e l u m p e n a n a m a n . K e d u a j e n i s P r o p a g u l a i n i

l a n g s u n g d i t a n a m d i t e m p a t p e n a n a m a n n y a d i l a p a n g .

S e t e k

M

W

.

S e t e k m i k r o y a n g d i g u n a k a n d i a m b i l d a r i

b a h a n t a n a m a n y a n g t e l a h b e r u m u r f 6 m i n g g u . B a h a n t a n a m - a n i n i d i p e r b a n y a k d i l a b o r a t o r i u m k u l t u r j a r i n g a n d a l a m

m e d i a p a d a t M u r a s h i g e d a n S k o o g (MS) d e n g a n p e n a m b a h a n z a t

2 1

P e m o t o n g a n s e t e k d i l a k u k a n d i d a l a m k o t a k l a m i n a r d e -

n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n g u n t i n g d a n p i n s e t . P e n y e t e k a n y a n g d i -

l a k u k a n a d a l a h s e t e k 4 b u k u , d e n g a n p a n j a n g s e t e k 2 3-4 c m .

S e t e k y a n g s u d a h d i p o t o n g - p o t o n g d i b a w a d a l a m b o t o l k u l t u r

b e r i s i m e d i a p a d a t MS 0 u n t u k d i a k l i m a t i s a s i .

A k l i m a t i s a s i a d a l a h masa p e n y e s u a i a n d i r i d e n g a n l i n g -

k u n g a n b a r u . P e l a k s a n a a n a k l i m a t i s a s i s e t e k m i k r o i n i d i -

l a k u k a n d i r u m a h p e m b i b i t a n

KP,

I P B P a s i r S a r o n g g e . S e t e k

m i k r o d i t a n a m d i d a l a m bumbungan k e r t a s b e r d i a m e t e r f 4 c m

s e t e l a h t e r l e b i h d a h u l u d i r e n d a m d i d a l a m l a r u t a n R i d o m i l

50 ppm. M e d i a y a n g d i g u n a k a n d a l a m bumbungan i n i a d a l a h

c a m p u r a n t a n a h d a n p u p u k k a n d a n g b e r u p a k o t o r a n ayam m a -

t a n g d e n g a n p e r b a n d i n g a n 3 : 1 y a n g t e l a h d i s t e r i l i s a s i .

S e l a m a p e m b i b i t a n i n i s e t e k d i s i r a m i s e t i a p h a r i p a d a

p a g i d a n s o r e h a r i . S e t i a p t i g a h a r i s e k a l i d i l a k u k a n p e -

n y D m p r o t a n l a r u t a n f u n g i s i d a R i d o m i l 50 ppm d a n p u p l i k d a u n

H y p o n e x 1 0 0 ppm s e c a r a t e r p i s a h .

S e t e l a h b i b i t b e r u m u r f 3 m i n g g u , b i b i t k e m u d i a n d i -

p i n d a h k a n k e r u m a h p l a s t i k u n t u k p e n y e s u a i a n s e b e l u m d i t a -

nam d i l a p a n g . S e l a m a 2 h a r i p e r t a m a a t a p r u m a h p l a s t i k

d i n a u n g i d a u n p i s a n g s e b a n y a k f 75 %, k e m u d i a n s e c a r a b e r -

t a h a p d i l a k u k a n p e n g u r a n g a n j u m l a h d a u n p i s a n g y a n g m e -

n a u n g i h i n g g a h a b i s s a m a s e k a l i s e t e l a h t 10 h a r i d i r u m a h

p l a s t i k , b i b i t k e m u d i a n d i p i n d a h k a n u n t u k p e n a n a m a n d i

2 2

B i b i t b e r u p a s e t e k m i k r o y a n g a k a n d i t a n a m t e r l e b i h d a -

h u l u d i c e l u p k a n b a g i a n a k a r n y a k e d a l a m l a r u t a n A g r i m y c i n

1 2 0 0 ppm u n t u k m e n c e g a h s e r a n g a n p e n y a k i t l a y u p e m b u l u h .

K e m u d i a n b u n g k u s bumbungan d i b u k a d a n b i b i t d i t a n a m k e

d a l a m l u b a n g t d n a m .

P e n a n a m a n d i l a k u k a n d a l a m j a r a k 7 0 cm a n t a r b a r i s d a n

3 0 c m d a l a m b a r i s u n t u k p e r c o b a a n 1 d a n 4 . U n t u k p e r c o -

b a a n 2 d a n 3, p e n a n a m a n d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n j a r a k t a n a m s e -

s u a i p e r l a k u a n

.

P a d a s a a t p e n a n a m a n , m a s i n g - m a s i n g l u b a n g t a n a m d i t a -

b u r i d e n g a n F u r a d a n 3 G s e b a n y a k 2 g / l u b a n g . P u p u k d a s a r

y a n g d i b e r i k a n a d a l a h Urea, TSP, d a n KCL m a s i n g - m a s i n g

s e b a n y a k 4 g ( s e t e n g a h d o s i s ) , 1 2 g . d a n 9 g per t a n a m a n . P u p u k k a n d a n g b e r u p a k o t o r a n ayam t e l a h d i b e r i k a n k e d a l a m

l u b a n g t a n a m 1 m i n g g u s e b e l u a p e n a n a m a n . Pemupukan u r e a

k e - 2 d i l a k u k a n p a d a s a a t 4 m i n g g u s e t e l a h t a n a m .

T i n d a k a n p e r l i n d u n g a n t a n a m a n t e r h a d a p s e r a n g a n hama

d a n p e n y a k i t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n p e n y e m p r o t a n p e s t i s i d a .

T i g a m i n g g u p e r t a m a s e t e l a h t a n a m h a n y a d i l a k u k a n p e n y e m -

p r o t a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n f u n g i s i d a D i t h a n e M-45 ( 1 g / l )

d a n i n s e k t i s i d a B a y r u s i l 2 5 0 EG ( 1 c c / l ) . P a d a s a a t t a n a m -

a n b e r u m u r 3 m i n g g u d i l a k u k a n p e n y e m p r o t a n d e n g a n menggu-

n a k a n R i d o m i l 3 G d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 1 g / 1 u n t u k m e n c e g a h

2 3

S e l a n j u t n y a d i l a k u k a n p e n y e m p r o t a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n

D i t h a n e M-45 d a n A n t r a c o l 7 5 WP s e c a r a b e r g a n t i a n 2 k a l i

s e m i n g g u d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 2 g / l . B a y r u s i l 2 5 0 EC d a n

A g r i m y c i n 1 5 / 1 . 5

WP

d i b e r i k a n s e m i n g g u s e k a l i secara t e r p i -

s a h , m a s i n g - m a s i n g d e n g a n k o n s e n t r a s i 1 . 5 c c / l d a n 1 . 5 g/1.

P e n g e n d a l i a n g u l m a d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n p e n y i a n g a n s e t i a p

k a l i d i p e r l u k a n . P e n g g u l u d a n d i l a k u k a n p a d a

s a a t

t a n a m a n

b e r u m u r 4 d a n 8 m i n g g u . P a n e n d i l a k u k a n s e t e l a h d a u n - d a u n

t a n a m a n t e r l i h a t s u d a h m e n g u n i n g , y a i t u p a d a minggu k e - 1 2

s e t e l a h t a n a m ( u m u r 9 0

-

93 h a r i ) .

-

P e n g a r n a t a n d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n m e l a k u k a n p e n g u k u r a n

t e r -

h a d a p p e u b a h - p e u b a h :

( 1 ) T i n g g i t a n a m a n , d i u k u r d a r i b a g i a n d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n

t a n a h s a m p a i p u c u k t a n a m a n s e t i a p 2 m i n g g u s e k a l i mu

l a i umur 3 uiinggu s e t e l a h t a n a m

( 2 ) J u m l a h buku p a d a b a t a n g u t a m a , d i u k u r p a d a a k h i r p e n g -

a m a t a n p e r t u m b u h a n v e g e t a t i f

( 3 ) J u m l a h b a t a n g . J u m l a h b a t a n g y a n g d i m a k s u d a d a l a h

s e t i a p b a t a n g y a n g m u n c u l d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n t a n a h .

J i k a p r o p a g u l a i t u b e r a s a l d a r i umbi b i a s a , maka b a -

t a n g t e r s e b u t a d a l a h sama d e n g a n t a n a m a n . O l e h k a r e -

n a t i a p t u n a s t i a p u m b i m e n g h a s i l k a n s a t u i n d i v i d u

t a -

n a m a n . J i k a p r o p a g u l a i t u b e r a s a l d a r i p e m b i a k a n

24

t e r s e b u t t e r d i r i a t a s b a t a n g u t a m a d a n c a b a n g d i b a w a h

t a n a h .

( 4 ) J u m l a h umbi p e r r u m p u n . Rumpun y a n g d i m a k s u d a d a l a h

k u m p u l a n b a t a n g y a n g m u n c u l d a r i s e t i a p l u b a n g t a n a m .

S e t i a p b a t a n g m e r u p a k a n s a t u i n d i v i d u t a n a m a n

( 5 ) d o b o t b a s a h u m b i p e r rumpun

( 6 ) B o b o t k e r i n g u m b i p e r rumpun

( 7 ) P e r s e n t a s e j u m l a h u m b i < 4 0 g d a n > 4 0 g p e r rumpun

( 8 )