THE ANALYSIS OF PLOT USED IN PAULO COELHO’
NOVEL
ALEPH
A PAPER
WRITTEN
BY
RISKA MEILIA SIREGAR
REG. NO: 112202003
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
Approved by
Supervisor,
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum NIP. 19630216198903 1 003
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study Program
Approved by
Head of English Diploma Study Program,
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.
NIP. 19521126198112 1 001
Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatra Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma-III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.
The examination is held on May 15th, 2014
Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara
Dean,
Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013197603 1 001
Board of Examiners Signature
1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP)
2. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum (Supervisor)
AUTHOR'S DECLARATION
I am, RISKA MEILIA SIREGAR, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : RISKA MEILIA SIREGAR
Title of Paper : THE ANALYSIS OF PLOT USED IN PAULO COELHO’ NOVELALEPH
Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
1. I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
2. I am not willing that my papers be made available for reproduction.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul The Analysis of Plot Used in Paulo Coelho’ Novel
Aleph. Plot adalah unsure sastra yang memuat kejadian-kejadian dalam sebuah cerita dimana kejadian tersebut memiliki hubungan sebab akibat. A terjadi karena B dan mengakibatkan C. Plot itu sendiri memiliki struktur yang terdiri dari
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT, the Almighty God for His blessing and leading me during all my life. Praise is to the prophet Muhammad SAW, the leader of messengers and guiding of faithful so that I could finish my study to fulfill one of requirements for the degree of Ahli Madya from the English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
Then, I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, and all the staffs for their help during the period of study in this faculty.
I would like to thank to Drs. Matius C. A. Sembiring, M.A as the Head of English Department for giving all facilities and opportunities during my academic years and in completing this paper. I would like to express my special gratitude to my supervisor, Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum. for his support and beneficial suggestion, and their willingness to share time in correcting this thesis throughout the preparation of this thesis and the period of doing this paper. I also would like to thank to Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed., TESOL as my reader and all lecturers who have given so much knowledge throughout my academic years especially to my academic supervisor. I would like to thank to Kak Putri who always helps me in administration process.
thank to my lovely grandmother and all of my big family, for their love and support. I really love them all. I hope I can make them proud of me.
My special thank is dedicated to Sri Sakti Hasibuan for the support and time to share with me. I would like to thank to my girls in English Department Supini, Amd. and Anggreni Fatimah Putri, Amd. Who always help and support me every time in every condition, thank for their love and care, thank for their
having great time together and spending our three years in sweet memories, I love you all, girls. I also would like to thank to my best friends Putri Fadillah Hadi Mirsa, Maulani Fithri, Dwi Indah Pratiwi and Jauhar An-Nahya thank you for
filling my life with our friendship, thank for their help, support, advice and love for having great time together.
To all my classmates in English Departmen’11 whose names can’t be mentioned one by one, thank for their help and support for spending our great times together in three years. I’m lucky to know them all, the last thanks are dedicated to my senior and junior in SOLIDAS.
Finally, may this paper be advantageous for the readers. May the grace and love of the Almighty Allah SWT be with us all forever. Aamiin.
Medan, 15thMay 2014 The writer
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
Kertas karya ini berjudul The Analysis of Plot Used in Paulo Coelho’ Novel
Aleph. Plot adalah unsure sastra yang memuat kejadian-kejadian dalam sebuah cerita dimana kejadian tersebut memiliki hubungan sebab akibat. A terjadi karena B dan mengakibatkan C. Plot itu sendiri memiliki struktur yang terdiri dari
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of Study
Literature is a kind of art, usually written offer pleasure and illumination. Literature is also composition that tells us stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, and analyze advocate ideas. Wellek& Warren (1971:3) say, “Literature is the mirror of human life that portrays human feeling, thought, imagination and perception which can be viewed based on personal judgment.” Literature constitutes the imaginative act from the human’s imagination and interpreting life-experiences.
Literature can be divided into three genres, such as prose fiction, poetry and drama. In the sense of literary, prose also called fiction, narrative text, or narrative discourse. Fiction is a narrative work that tells something that is imaginary, something that does not exist and happen in the real world. As a work of imaginary, fiction directs various problems of man and humanity, life and living. Fiction tells the various problems of human life in the interactions with the environment and others. Fiction is the result of dialogue, contemplation, and reactions to the environment and the life of the author.
In this paper the writer just explains one of five elements, just focuses on plot. Roberts and Jacob (1995:52) say that “Plot is based on the interaction of causes and effects as they develop sequentially or chronologically.” In the novel
Aleph, Paulo Coelho shows the clear interaction of cause and effect. Paulo is having a crisis over his conviction because he thought that he was not in peace. He committed to traveling for signing session of his books. He meets a mysterious woman in his traveling and they tried to remember about their relation in the past.
The writer is interested in analyzing the plot used in the novel because it can show the sequence of conflict in the novel. The story is about how an old man meets his love who became victims of his cowardice in the past. They have forgotten about their love, but they were reunited. Besides, how they keep their love in the future.
1.2 The Scope of Study
There are so many aspects in this novel that can be described, but the writer becomes more interested in describing the plot in the novel. So, the scope of study is limited only describing the plot is pictured based on Aleph Novel. 1.3 The Problem of Study
1.4 The Objective of Study
The purpose of writing this paper is to explain how the plot that consists of Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action and Resolution portrayed in the novel.
1.5 The significance of Study
The significance of Study is divide into two sections, they are:
a. Theoretical Significance, the study can be used to enrich the literary study especially in plot.
b. Practical Significance, the reader will understand about plot in a novel and the reader will know the story in theAlephnovel.
1.6 The Method of Study
Method of Study’s Chart
The Writer Source of Data - Novel “Aleph” - Books
- Internet
The data in words, texts, and quotations.
Read and note to selection Conclusion then interprete and analyze
2. REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 The Definition of Novel
Novels and short stories are two forms of literature that once called fiction. Differences between the novel and short stories are a formality in terms of shape, in terms of story length. A long story says hundreds of pages, it cannot be called
as a short story, but more appropriately called a novel. Novel is able to present the development of one character, a complicated social situation, relationships that involve many or few characters, and a variety of complicated events occurring in greater detail. The novel is able to create a complete universe at once complicated. This means that the novel is both easy and more difficult to read when it is compared with the short story.
Nurgiyantoro (2005:11) says, “Novel can freely express something, to present something more detail and more involving many complex problems. This includes various the story elements that build the novel.” It means that life has many problems, and many people share their real life’s problem in the novel, so the reader can learn about many kinds of problems of life.
Novel is used to show and express an extra ordinary event that happened to someone. It means that novel is a way for the writer to find out extra ordinary happened in the story. By reading the novel, it is hard to get the event if the story is not read many times episode by episode. Because of that, making the important quotations will help the writer understand what event happened.
something specially made by an author so that a reader will respond to it in a particular way. The good candidate has recognized three things about a novel: the events of the novel, the author who has created them, and the reader for whom the novel is written.
Sumardjo (1998: 29) says that novel is a story with the prose form in long shape, this long shape means the story including the complex plot, many character and various setting. A novel is a totality, a comprehensiveness that is artistic. As a totality, the novel has passages elements, most related to one another in close and mutually dependent. The elements of a novel-builder that then collectively form a totality that-in addition to the formal elements of language, there are many more kinds. The division of the element in question is the intrinsic and extrinsic elements.
2.2 What is Plot?
Plot is basically sequences of events in logical and chronological relations which are interrelated, caused or experienced by the characters. The plot outline is divided into three parts, namely early, middle, and end. The first part contains the exposition that contains instability and conflicts. The middle part contains the climax which is the height of the conflict. The final section contains troubleshooting.
Stanton (1965:14) says that the plot is a story that contains the sequence of events, but each incident was only connected in cause and effect, the events that caused one and also cause the occurrence of other events. Appearance of events for events that only based on the order of time is not necessarily a plot. To be a plot, the events must be processed and made creatively, so that the results of processing and making itself is something beautiful and interesting, particularly in relation to the relevant works of fiction as a whole.
Plot can be divided into several types. There are the progressive plot and regressive plot. In a progressive plot, the events arranged: early, middle, and end. A novel is called progressive if the events which are narrated chronologically, the first event followed by the events that happened later. While the regressive plot also called as flash back plot is arranged on the contrary, for example: the middle, beginning, end or the end, beginning, middle.
On the basis of quantity, there are single plot and plural plots. Plot is called single when the events contain only one primary event, while the plot is called plural when containing a variety of primary events and other events. When viewed from its quality, there are dense plot and loose plot. The dense plot is when the main plot of the story doesn’t have a space to be added another plot. Conversely, the loose plot is when it has possibility to inserting another plot.
Plot or the structure of action is used to indicate almost any kind of action that found in a story, including the closed plot, the open plot, and the straight narrative with little or no serious complication.
Staton (2007:26-29) states that plot is a series of the events in a story. How a certain event affecting another event that cannot be ignored, since the event will be affecting for all the story. Plot is very close to the existence of the character. If the story only has a little in character, there will be more close and simple to plot, in contrast a novel that has many characters in the story the plot will be more complicated. Plot also helps the reader in understanding the story of the novel. The clarity of the plot makes the reader easier in understanding the story. Usually a good or popular novel uses simple plot, so the strength of the novel also depends on the plot.
usually lead the story to the climactic moment, and the effect or implication of this choice usually represents the conclusion of the story.
The second event is climax; climax is the highest point of interest, the moment when the conflict is most intense. The time when the consequences of a character’s action become inevitable and the main points of the plot merge. In literary work plot is classified in to three major parts: plot based on the criterion of times order, plot based on the criterion of number, plot based on the criterion of content.
A. Plot Based on The Criterion of Times Order
The criterion of times order means the time that related to the condition when the chronological order event happens on the story. Times order is related with the step or plot, and the author is free in manipulating the times order. Times order also help the reader easier to determine which event that happens in the beginning, middle or at the end of the story.
On the criterion of times order the plot is differentiate in to three parts: progressive plot, flash back plot, and mixed plot. First, the progressive plot, is a plot in a story when the events are shown chronologically, the first event is followed by the next events. In other word the story starts from the earlier step (situation, introduction, and conflict) then the middle step (rising, conflict, and climax) and finally the last step (solution).
beginning before reach the final. This plot serve conflict directly, event the conflict that almost reach climax, while the readers have not known the situation and the problem yet.
Third, the mixed plot is the mixture between progressive plot and flashback plot. Because mixed plots have two kinds of plot, so it is difficult to be done, and almost none novel uses mixed plot.
B. Plot Based on The Criterion of Number
Besides the plot has a criterion of times order, plot also has a criterion of number. It refers to the number of plot. Perhaps a novel has only one plot, and it is called single plot, but in many cases novel can also has more than one plot as well
and it is called sub-plot.
A fiction story which has a single plot contains about one character and usually develops a story only by telling about the main character that is called protagonist. The story commonly follows the type as the main character, and conflicts that he/she got. Usually this kind of plot is used in biographic novel. Of course this plot also shows other characters in the story that involves conflicts too, but this character only appear to support the main characters.
sub-plot has parallel with another sub-plot. This term is a kind of efforts to stick out of the show the significance of the story.
C. Plot Based on the Criterion of Content.
Nurgiyantoro (1998:152-156) differentiates this plot in three majorities. They are plot of fortune, plot of character, and plot of thought. Plot of fortune characters connects to a story that tells about the luck and the fortune of the main character’s destiny in a novel. He divided this plot in to six kinds, they are: (1)
Action plot is the plot which is arranged in conflict and the resolution. (2) Platonic plot is the plot which ends with sadness and makes the reader feel empathy. (3) Tragic plot is the plot which makes the reader feel affected because the main
character who does not know about the problem that comes and had faced. (4) Punitive plot is the plot which ends with the failure of the main character that cannot attract the reader’s sympathy. (5) Sentimental plot is the plot which the main character gets the victory after facing the problem. (6) Admiration plot is the opposite of tragic plot which makes the reader admire because the main character can overcome the problem at the end.
Plot of thought tells something that will become a way for the readers to think about willingness, feelings, kinds of obsession and the other things that can be mentioned as the problems of human life generally. Plot of thoughts is differentiated in to four categories, they are: (1) Education plot is the plot in which changes of spiritual of the main character does not influence the behavior. (2) Revelation plot is the plot in which the main character does not know the condition and then can find the privation secret. (3) Affective plot is the plot in which the believenes or attitude of the main character changes but the philosophy does not. (4) Disillusionment plot is the plot in which makes the reader feel disappointed because the main character looses the dream and falls into despair valley.
The Diagram of Plot:
Climax
Rising Action Falling Action Exposition Resolution
2.2.1 Exposition
story-the characters are introduced, story-the background is explained and story-the setting is
described. It is a genre that is used in all literary works as a help to the readers to
understand it very well.
The purpose of exposition is to explain something, and this may be done
through several methods. A few of the methods include identification, definition,
classification, comparison and analysis.
The exposition is the introductory material which creates the tone and
mood of the piece. Pertains about the beginning of a narrative and encompasses
the beginning of the plot, but it is not actually need to represent at the start of the
text. It is also the author's narrative providing of some background pieces
information to the audience, characters' histories, setting(place and time).
In the exposition, the reader is introduced to characters by means
of description. It may reveal both the physical andpersonality traitsof characters. It is the foundational block by which we will identify characters later in the story
as either protagonist or antagonist, either flat or round, either static or dynamic.
The setting is also revealed in the exposition. The setting will tell us both the time
and place of the story. It may also reveal the mood of the story. Thus, the
exposition is the first step to creating a dynamic and well written story.
2.2.2 Rising Action
and values they represent, such as good-evil, freedom-suppression, independence-dependence, love-hate, intelligence-stupid, knowledge-ignorance and the like.
In literature, the raising action comprises all the decisions, background circumstance and character flaws that combine to create twist and turns toward a climax. It is the part of plot where obstacles stand in the way of the protagonist achieving his goal. It means that the challenges faced by protagonist begin by being fairly easy to overcome, but as the story progresses, those challenges escalate become more dramatic.
Rising action keeps the tension and the suspense strong, which keeps the reader always aim. There is conflict in the rising action, without conflict there is no story rather there is just a series of uninteresting events. Conflict in fiction can make for dramatic dialogue. A scene where two people are arguing, each trying to get their own way, can be gripping to read.
The rising action of a plot is the series of events that build up and create tension and suspense. It can be identified as the ingredients that complicate matters in a plot. The tension is a result of the basic conflict that exists and makes the story interesting.
2.2.3 Climax
changes, the new way of being is created, the problem is solved, or the attempts to solve it finally fail.
The story climax is what all the rising action has been leading to. The incidents and events of the story are becoming more and more dramatic, with more and more riding on them. And finally, the high point of the story is reached.
Climax is the point at which the major dramatic question has been answered. It is usually the most exciting part of the story, where the most dramatic action takes place.
2.2.4 Falling Action
Falling action is what happen after the main problem of the story has been solved, simply ended directly after the climax, at the height of the action. it deals with everything shifts then, everything is different afterwards and the falling action shows that. It leads the reader to the denouement of the story. Without the falling action, the audience would be left wondering what happens next. It is important because it gives the audiences satisfaction.
2.2.5 Resolution
Typically, a resolution can be used in all forms of storytelling. However, although resolutions are very common, not every single story will have one. This is especially true if a story ends without all questions being answered. This is called an open ending and can possibly lead to a sequel.
The resolution occurs in the final chapter of the novel. It is the part of the story that wraps up all the loose ends. It is the chapter or scene that occurs after the big climax. Most stories will have a denouement, but sometimes if there is an
3. THE ANALYSIS OF PLOT USED IN PAULO COELHO’
NOVEL ALEPH
3.1 Exposition
The exposition of this novel is beginning at the Paulo’s house. Paulo lives in Saint Martin, French Pyrenees with his wife. Paulo, fifty nine years old, is a writer who tells story based on his life. Paulo has a spiritual mentor, his name is J. J wants Paulo regrets his past for better living in the future by a sacred road. Paulo accepts what J said, he has a plan to make a book fair in many countries and cross Russia. His wife gives her bless, she lets him go to another countries for a long time. They make a promise to meet again in Germany to watch the World Cup. Paulo is doubt to bring into reality his planning because a clairvoyant said to his wife that there is a woman who will follow his journey and that girl will show her love and resentment. Paulo doesn’t believe that, and he will continue his book fair journey to six countries by train.
“The soul of Turkey will give your husband all the love she possesses but she will spill his blood before she reveals what it is she is seeking.” (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p.18)
Hilal comes to the book fair because she likes Paulo’s book. She is one of Paulo’s readers. She wants to join with Paulo to visit the six countries and cross Russia. Paulo cannot give the permission to her because he doesn’t know who she is truly. She forces him, she thinks that the journey can help her to forget what happen with her in the past. Paulo wonders why she was so excited to join in the journey, Paulo senses there is something wrong with that girl.
“I was born in Turkey and came to study violin in Ekaterinburg when I was twelve. It wasn’t exactly my vocation. I started practicing a lot because I was sexually abused when I was ten.” (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p.54-5)
Paulo lets Hilal to follow his journey because he is curious with Hilal, he wants to know more about her. They need long time to cross the Russia by train so they have much time to know each other. Hilal doesn’t have the real permission to follow that journey, she just gets the permission from Paulo so it is hard to her to always beside Paulo. Because of that she asks Paulo to give a note to make her easy to meet him.
“You have to write a note giving me permission to come back here, I had a terrible time getting here…” (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p.74)
space, they are not in the train anymore. They can’t control that situation, he asks Hilal to stop that, but they can’t do anything, they really see the peace and love in the sacred place. Paulo doesn’t know why Hilal’s eyes show him like that, he asks to Hilal to explain what happen before.
Hilal just wants to show that picture, but Paulo looks at her eyes seriously. She looks at Paulo’s eyes too without purposely. Those eyes show her same imagination with Paulo, she can see the sacred place too. She does not know why
it happens to them.
“The noise is starting to diminish, my concentration is going, and I’m not entirely sure who or where I and love, two things that rarely come together. I can see myself, but at the same time I can see elephants in Africa, waving their trunks, camel in the desert……” (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p.78)
Paulo calls that situation as Aleph. He can visit his sacred placed from looking at Hilal’s eyes. He is sure that they had known each other. Hilal relies that she has met Paulo before when she looks Paulo’s picture. She believes that she will meet Paulo the next time. And it happens to them.
Hilal’s violin teacher meets Paulo in the rest journey when they stay in hotel. The teacher tells how talent she is in playing the violin. He says Hilal as an unstable person, so he cannot control her to practice playing the violin to fit the schedule. She must practice hard because she will perform in a concert. He sees that Hilal has been lose her interest in playing the violin, he thinks that she is more interest in Paulo’s journey than play the violin, therefore he meets Paulo to explain that he needs Hilal to practice the violin again. Actually he doesn’t care what Hilal wants to do in out of practice but it is impossible when she is rehearsing for a concert. He hopes Paulo asks Hilal to back to join the violin practice but Paulo just keep silent, he lets Hilal discusses with her teacher because he doesn’t know what happens clearly.
Hilal doesn’t want to practice of play the violin again, because of Aleph. She is lost her energy. She is curious with Aleph and she is focus in that journey because she wants to find the answer why she and Paulo look the sacred place in Aleph. Hilal believes that the journey can show the reality.
“Yes, the Aleph. I couldn’t find it, and my energy stopped flowing.” (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p. 110)
Hilal always asks Paulo when they can meet and what happens with them in the past time. Paulo cannot tell the detail story, but he just says that they have a relationship in the past time, hence they are easy to be close and fell comfort each other.
“The Aleph had revealed to me a little about the woman standing before me. I can’t remember every detail of our joint story but I know that she and I have met before. I only hope she never learns in what circumstances that meeting took place. (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p.114)
3.2 Raising Action
knows that they love each other in the past time. Paulo wants to explain the truth but he cannot find the nice words to explain that, he is afraid Hilal will rampage, because he knows that Hilal is unstable women.
“I’ve been trying to find the right words to lead Hilal towards the truth.” (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p.208)
Paulo tells about their past to Hilal, he wants Hilal remember the truth in the past and can repair their love in the past life. Paulo remembers the story when he is as a Dominican of church that duty to unmask heretics and lead them to earthly and divine justice in the past time. He has a girlfriend and he has made a planning to life together with that girl. Paulo tells that the girl is Hilal, he loves her so much proof he has made that planning. He wants Hilal to forgive him and try to remember about their story in the past time. He doesn’t want to tell about his mistakes, he just tells about their love because he wants Hilal know the problem by herself.
“Yes, I remember. I understood perfectly what you said, because during that moment when we were in the Aleph, I saw that your eyes were full of a mixture of love and indifference, and your head was covered by a hood. I felt betrayed and humiliated. But I’m not interests in what our relationship was in a past life. We’re here in the present.” (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p.231)
3.3 Climax
Hilal can remember what the truth story in her past life. She remembers that she is a person who did heretics and she gets a punishment. In that time, she remembers that she asks Paulo to help her from the torture after she confesses her fault but he can’t help her even he has a capacity to help her. She says that she loves him when she is in the session, she has done the heretics to imagination about Paulo but he does not help her. She feels disappointed with Paulo, he says that he loves her so much but he never tries to help her.
Paulo has made big mistake, Hilal is so hard to apologize him. She is so angry with Paulo after remembering the truth of their past life. She does not suppose that Paulo has done it to her. She cannot do anything, it happens, she wants to know Paulo’s reasons, why he lets her to get the punishment whereas it is because of her love with him.
journey that J talks before, he can see the sacred place from Hilal’s eyes, it means that Hilal is the person who has not forgiven him yet and he must get her apologizing to make the future better.
“I confess to having committed all the sins in the world. I confess to having dreamed of men coming to my bed and giving me intimate kisses. One of those men was you, and I confess that, in my dreams, I tempted you” (Paulo Coelho, 2011: p.205)
When Paulo tells the reason, accidently he says about his wife. Paulo talks to Hilal that they still can continue their relation although he has a wife. Hilal can’t agree with Paulo because she doesn’t want to let the man that she loves, live with other women. She was angry and she tries to kill herself by jumping from the high, but Paulo prevents it. She feels that there is no benefit if she is still alive. She loves Paulo so much, she doesn’t want to let him go but it is impossible. Hilal is so angry and ask Paulo to back to his wife.
Paulo can’t control his emotion. He doesn’t like if Hilal says about his wife. He snaps Hilal, he thinks that Hilal doesn’t have the right to tell about his wife. Hilal is not be calm down, she is instead getting angry, she picks up a heavy metal lamp to Paulo and blood spurts in all directions.
“Go back to your wife!”
3.4 Falling Action
Paulo is very confident that she is the soul of Turkey. He remembers when a clairvoyant said that there is a woman will spill his blood in his journey. Because of that, he believes with that clairvoyant, he experiences it appropriate
with what clairvoyant has said.
Hilal is aware that she is so cruel to Paulo, she says that she just acts to kill herself. She can control her emotion after she hit Paulo, she is so lament. Paulo brings Hilal to the position of Aleph, he wants to get Aleph anymore to visits the scare place with Hilal to clarify that Hilal is the women who he loves in the past time.
Paulo and Hilal get their Alpeh. They see the same place like they have visited before when accidently they look each other in the end of the carriage. Paulo wants to make Hilal calm, he makes Hilal understand that now he is the writer and he lives for the future. The old story gives the lesson to more appreciate about love in the present and the future.
“Hilal is talking to me, begging me to calm down, apologizing for acting the way she did, saying that she hadn’t really intended killing herself, that it was all an act.” (P.290)
accompany her, she wants to spend the rest of the way with Paulo. Paulo agrees with her and always sits beside her until the end of the journey.
In the same time, Paulo remembers with his wife. He remembers their promise in the beginning of the journey to meet again in the German after he
finishes his journey and he will tell to his wife about Hilal. He will acknowledge that a clairvoyant who says to his wife about his journey is true.
“The World Cup is due to start in a few days’ time! She’s waiting for me in Munich, where we will meet very shortly. I’ll tell her how much I’ve missed her and describe in detail what happened between me and Hilal.” (P.281)
3.5 Resolution
Paulo and Hilal arrive in Moscow. It means that they must split. Moscow is the end of their journey. In the train station Paulo prior leaves the train. He wants to make a surprise to Hilal in the end of their encounter. He buys a dozen roses and look for the volunteer to bring the flower one by one to Hilal.
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusion
The plot used in the novel of Paulo Coelho Aleph is progressive plot. Progressive plot means that the plot content is chronologically narrated. It simply contains the beginning, middle and an ending.
Exposition of the story is when Paulo, fifty nine years old, as a writer who wants to make a book fair journey to make his future life better. He makes that plan because of his mentor, his name is J. in the middle of the journey he meets a girl, one of his reader, who can show the Aleph from her eyes.
Rising action of the story is when Paulo realized that Hilal is his love in the past time. He wants Hilal to apologize him so his future life will be better. But Hilal doesn’t remember about their relation in the past life. Paulo tries to explain the truth but he lets Hilal to know about his fault by herself.
Climax of the story is when Hilal remembers about her past life that she is a person who did heretics and she got a punishment because of that. She knows that she loves Paulo so much but he doesn’t want to sacrifice. She is so angry. She beats up Paulo and makes him bloody.
Resolution of the story is when Paulo and Hilal arrived in Moscow. Moscow is the last country of their journey. Paulo makes a surprise to Hilal, he wants Hilal forgive his fault and can understand with his reason. Paulo and Hilal look so happy in the end of their journey because they can meet their love in the past time, but on the other hands they feel sad because they must split and continue their each life. they promise to keep their love and never forget about their love in the past life. they believe that split of love is not make them hostile and they each received a farewell.
4.2 Suggestion
Plot is the soul of the literary work, so it is important to look at the plot first when analyzing literary work. Analyzing the plot can help the reader to understand the entire story of the novel. Plot refers the conflict, so the reader can read a literary work if it is fundamentally related to plot.
REFERENCES
Aziez, Furrqonul and Abdul Hasim. 2010. Menganalisis Fiksi. Bogor : Gahlia Indonesia Press.
Coelho, Paulo. 2011. Aleph. London: Harper Collins.
Fananie, Zainuddin. 2000. Telaah Sastra. Surakarta : Muhammadiyah University. Roberts, Edgar V. and Henry E. Jacobs. 1995. Literature An Introduction to
Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Prentince Hall.
Sembiring, Matius C.A.2014. Buku Pedoman Program D-3 Studi Bahasa Inggris. Medan : Universitas Sumatera Utara.
A. Biography of Paulo Coelho
was born on August 24, 1947, in Rio de Janeiro, schools and was raised by devout Catholic parents. He determ
wanted to be a writer but was discouraged by his parents, profession in Brazil. Coelho's rebellious adolescence spurred commit him to a mental asylum three times, starting when
is the author of many international best sellers. Aleph
Around 1986, Coelho found himself once more on
the fourteenth major book by him, and touch on the theme of spirituality. It published in 2010 and was written first in Portuguese language and translated into English by Margaret D. Costa. It has sold its rights to more than 40 languages.
All of Paulo Coelho’ books have sold more than 130 million copies in 160 countries and have been translated into 72 languages bestseller lists throughout the world, and scored him such celebrity fans as Julia Roberts, Bill Clinton, and Madonna.
As a youth, Coelho was expected to follow in the footsteps of his father, a professional engineer. When he rebelled, expressing his intentions to become a writer, his parents had him committed to a psychiatric hospital where he was subjected to electro-shock therapy. He left home to join the 1970s countercultural revolution, experimenting with drugs, dabbling in black magic, and getting involved in Brazil's bohemian art and music scene. He teamed with rock musician Raul Seixas for an extremely successful songwriting partnership that changed the face of Brazilian pop and put a lot of money in Coelho's pockets. He also joined an anti-capitalist organization called the Alternative Society which attracted the attention of Brazil's military dictatorship. Marked down as a subversive, he was imprisoned and tortured.
mysticism. At J's urging, Coelho journeyed across el Camino de Santiago, the legendary Spanish road traversed by pilgrims since the Middle Ages. He chronicled this life the culmination of decades of soul-searching.
In total, Coelho has sold more than 150 million books in over 150 countries worldwide (224 territories), and his works have been translated into 80 languages. He got many In the 2009 edition of theGuiness Book of World Records, Coelho was named the most translated living author. He is the recipient of numerous prestigious international awards, amongst them the Crystal Award by the World Economic Forum and France's Légion d'honneur.
B. Summary of The Novel
The exposition of this novel is beginning when Paulo that found himself in a grave of crisis as a result of his lack of faith. His mentor, J, suggest him to travel again to retake his kingdom. In the middle of the journey, Paulo met a mysterious girl later known as his lover in the past life. A girl he betrayed in the lifetime ago. He further he could remember his past live nearly 400 years ago.
The novel depicts the journey of the author, Paulo Coelho and a woman named Hilal and several colleagues of the main character or the author himself. Most of the novel or rather the book describes about the author’s experiences during the train journey he took with his publishers and a girl whom he meets in the journey.
The journey itself is a way to renew Paulo’s spiritual as suggested by J. Several times later he met with a girl named Hilal which accompany him along the journey. At some moment in the train, in the middle of their conversation, Paulo experiencing something that was happened before his present life. He gains a memory of himself several hundred before while looking at Hilal’s eye. They were in aleph. Paulo remembered his past live as he consider himself sinful for he did prevent the event of 8 women who were hung to death for their sin.
Paulo aware that Hilal was the fifth of eight women he met in his lifetime. Those women are victims of Paulo previous life that are sentenced to death because of their sins. He feels chagrined because he couldn’t do anything to save them. This feels of sins keep haunting him along the journey. To get rid of this feeling, Paulo needs Hilal to forgive his past sin.
Paulo is the belief in reincarnation, where after we die we will be born again as someone else, and we've lived in the past as others. He realized that in the past, been a tragedy on the woman and her 8 people involved in the tragedy. Hilal found the experience so alarming that she’s gone home and decided not to continue the journey. She still not reappeared. Paulo fell alone but he couldn’t do anything, he showed that he was fine.
Paulo turned out to have lived hundreds of years ago in the days of the inquisition in Spain or rather in Cordoba. Paulo was someone who served the church. At that time there was a complaint about the 8 people involved women who practiced magic. One by one the woman came to him. Witchcraft is heresy, whoever did it will be punished severely. Paulo the past have fallen in love with her, but he could not do much to save her from punishment.
When Paulo reached the lobby, the omnipresent Hilal is waiting for him. Paulo asked her to the bar. They went to there with the editor Yao. The band played the music, and the audience started jumping up and down. Hilal is dancing with a young man her own age. She had too much to drink and was in ebullient mood. She and her friend are holding each other closed, one step away from a kiss. The music stopped. Paulo went over to Hilal and invite her partner to join us. He looked jelouse because he said about Hilal to a young man seriously.
Paulo told what really happened to them. Hilal played the violin and he started to cry, but he managed to keep talking. They continued their travelling by the ship was sailing calmly over the Pacific Ocean. Before arrived, the publisher said that they must going back to Moscow because the President Vladimir Putin had read all about his journey and would like to meet him. It means that Hilal couldn’t follow him anymore and it was the end of their travelling. Hilal couldn’t believe that things are going to end so abruptly, so suddenly, without her having another opportunity to talk about her love.
Paulo phoned his publisher and asked him to buy a ticket for Hilal, but he didn’t accept it. He knew that she was so angry and he tried to make her keep calm. He said that he love Hilal and never let her go but she didn’t listen. Paulo explained with the romantic words to made Hilal believe that he love her so much, but Hilal thought that was impossible, Paulo has a wife, how can Paulo love her like he said. She knew that Paulo just want to made her relax and can accepted the condition that they must end their relation.
Paulo was digging into Hilal’s arm and he had no times for explanations and he run down the stairs taking with him Hilal and she looked more frightened than angry. They went to train station by the car that was supposed to be taking Paulo to supper. Hilal beg Paulo to calm down. Then Paulo relax the pressure and Hilal apologized for acting the way she said and she said that was all an act. Paulo didn’t respond what she said.
Paulo and Hilal arrived in the train station. Paulo dragged Hilal out of the
car and into the station. They walked onto the platform, run down to the end, where everything was in darkness. Paulo asked Hilal to made Aleph, he wanted show to Hilal that they already had a true love before.
They get their Aleph. Paulo showed that he loved Hilal first that his wife and Hilal must believe his love and can realize that he was a man that she loved. Because of the Aleph Hilal can know that in the past she loved Paulo so much. Paulo and Hilal stopped their Aleph and now she could make herself believe in Paulo. And Hilal asked Paulo to never leave her alone in that city.
They turned to the Hotel and the publisher waiting them with a return ticket to Moscow. Hilal was so surprise and she was happy because they would fly back on the same plane, although in different classes.
