AN ANALYSIS OF PLOT USED IN THE HOBBIT
A PAPER
BY
ANISHA FATIAH
REG.NO: 102202026
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES
DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM
MEDAN
It has been proved by Supervisor,
NIP. 19510907197902 2 001 Dra. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE
Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University ofNorthSumatera
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program,
NIP. 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.
The examination is held on June 2013
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera Dean,
NIP. 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA
Board of Examiners: Signature
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I am, ANISHA FATIAH, declare that I am the sole of author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.
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Name : ANISHA FATIAH
Title of Paper : An Analysis of Plot Used in the Hobbit Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
1. I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture Studies University of North Sumatera on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
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ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Bismillahhirrahmaanirrahiim.
First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty God, Allah SWT who has given me health, opportunity and ability to finish this paper and the Prophet Muhammad SAW. A great many thanks is dedicated to Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera, Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A as the Head of Diploma III English Study Program. I also would to thank to my supervisor Dra. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE who has shared her time in guiding me while I was studying in giving me advices and critics that are very helpful and for Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M. Hum as the co-supervisor who has shared his knowledge and time in guiding me in finishing this paper. And thank to all lecturers in Diploma III Study Program for giving me the instruction, tuition, advices, and knowledge
mention one by one in Medan. I also would to thank to my lovely Yossy Fadly, S.S without whose love, support, and continued patience his contribution to this paper would not be possible.
My thanks and utmost appreciation goes out to my amazing CUNers (Tajem, Inyem, Kidok, Imin and Buncan) for standing by my side when times getting hard, making me laugh when I did not even want to smile, continual support, encouragement, hugs, kindness, attention, loyalty and to all my classmates thanks for being wonderful friends.
Finally, I realize that this paper is far from being perfect. I have done my best to complete this paper. Therefore, advice, constructive criticism, and suggestions aimed for this paper will be warmly welcome and highly appreciated. Finally, I hope this paper would be useful for the readers in future.
Medan, June 2013 The writer,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
: INTRODUCTION... 1
1.1. Background of the Study... 1
1.2. Problem of the Study... 3
1.3. Scope of the Study... 3
1.4. Objective of the Study... 3
1.5. Significance of the Study... 3
1.6. Method of the Study...4
1.6.1. Research Method... 4
1.6.2. Data Collecting Method... 4
1.6.3. Data Analyzing Method... 5
CHAPTER II
: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE... 6
2.1. Novel... 6
CHAPTER III
: ANALYSIS OF PLOT USED IN THE HOBBIT
... 17CHAPTER IV
: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION... 30
4.1. Conclusion... 30
4.2. Suggestion... 31
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
There have been various attempts to define what literature is. Literature can be considered as a written imagination of what human thinking, it reflects the result as the value of an art work. Taylor (1981:1) says that literature, like other arts, is essentially an imaginative act, that is, an act of the writer’s imagination in selecting, ordering, and interpreting life experience.
The major forms of literature are novel, poem, drama and short story. In this paper a novel is used as the material of the discussion, which the novel itself belongs to the literary work. Reeve (1785) says that novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it is written. Based from the quotation above, a novel seems as the portrayal of human life and behaviour in reality. On the other words, the novel tends to be the representative of the activity of human real life, which concerns too many things and aspects such as: ambition, feeling, emotion, desire, obstacles in life, problem, etc.
caused or experienced by actors. It means an entire series of events contained in the story, caused or experienced by actors.
The Novel which deals in this paper are written by J.R.R Tolkien entitle The Hobbit. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born January 13, 1892, Bloomfontein, South Africa. It was sometime after 1930 that Tolkien gained an unexpected inspiration to start writing The Hobbit. Due to the success of The Hobbit, Allen and Unwin encouraged J.R.R. Tolkien to write a sequel. Thus over a period of many years, J.R.R. Tolkien began writing The Lord of the Rings. In 1972, Oxford University conferred on Tolkien the honorary degree of, Doctor of Letters. He spent most of his adult life in Oxford apart from when he was in the army during WWI and short spell in Yorkshire in the 1920s.
The focus of this analysis is the plot used in this novel. According to Robert and Jacobs (1995:52) says that the plot is the pattern in which protagonistmeets and resolves the conflict, which has been compared to the story’s map, scheme, or blueprint. The plot is based on the interaction of causes and effects as they devolep sequentially or chronologically. That is, the story’s action follow one another in time as the protagonist meets and tries to overcome the forces of opposition.
1.2. Problem of the Study
Referring to the explanation of the background of the analysis above, problems that the writer would like to analyze is that search plot used in J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel The Hobbit.
1.3. Scope of the Study
The analysis of this paper is limited to plot used in the novel. Therefore, the scope of the analysis is restricted to the plot used in this novel.
1.4. Objective of the Study
The objective of this analysis is to refer plot used in J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel The Hobbit.
1.5. Significance of the Study
1.6. Method of the Study 1.6.1. Research Method
Method of the analysis in this paper is a library research. The writer collects some data to support the analysis, finding the related data to the research then narrowing the collecting data of the library research to the related element which are about plot.
1.6.2. Data Collecting Method
In process collecting of the data, this paper obtained the supporting data from several books as the sources of the data, the primary source of the data acquired from the novel which is being discus in this paper, which is that novel is written by J.R.R. Tolkien entitle The Hobbit, this novel as the primary source of the data that this paper used to obtain the plot used in the novel to analyze. Then the secondary data is drawn from others books as the references which the books are the most concerned about the intrinsic elements in the fiction work especially novel.
support the analysis of this paper and also to give additional information and statement that can be drawn for this paper, the important and the relevant information from these books are marked and underlined so that it can be used to support the analysis of this paper, these books finally also used as the references for this paper.
1.6.3. Data Analyzing Method
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Fiction writing is any kind of writing that is not factual. Fictional writing most often takes the form of a story meant to convey an author’s point of view or simply to entertain. The result of this may be a short story, novel, novella, screenplay, or drama, which are all types (though not the only types) of fictional writing styles.
2.1. Novel
Novel is a length story which tells about life experience of human being. It can be made base on imagination. The imagination is not really life experience, it is impossible in real life. Reeve (1785) says that novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it is written. Based from the quotation above, a novel seems as the portrayal of human life and behaviour in reality. On the other words, the novel tends to be the representative of the activity of human real life, which concerns too many things and aspects such as: ambition, feeling, emotion, desire, obstacles in life, problem, etc.
work, narrate about the life in centuries ago. Of course, novel is a way to send message in social, such as in novel find character that plays role hero and felon. Hero in novel will be success but not felon will be loser. From this message the reader can get inspiration that hero is good but felon is bad.
Reading a novel can help reader to think the conversation of character, it makes the imagination improved became more criticism. Because the reader thinks what thing is good to support. In the beginning of novel is not interesting in the ending, because it takes the attention the reader to read the whole story. Watson (1979:3-4) says that novel is a way of learning about how things were or are-cognitive instrument; and those who distrust stories as evidence should consider how often in conversation we use them to make points or answer questions.
2.2. Intrinsic Elements
Intrinsic approach is a kind of approach which analyzes a literary work based on the text and the structural points of contain in literary work itself. So it is only focused on inside elements of the story that obviously cannot separate each other. The structural points on a literary works can be classified into five classifications, they are: character, plot, setting, theme, and style. Of these five elements, character is the who, plot is the what, setting is the where and when, and style is the how of a story.
2.2.1. Character
In novel, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray characters who are worth caring about, rooting for and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate, to quote Robert and Jacobs (1995:131). There can be simplified that the character in a novel is a description and a representation of a person qualities. It can be shown by the creation of the characters in a novel from their action, gesture, speech, and behavior, these term can be used by the readers to identify the characters in a novel, because the character in a novel has equal qualities as a person in real life.
2.2.2. Plot
died and the queen died of grief is not plot, the time sequence is preserved, but the sense of causality overshadows it.
Plot must be effective and it includes a sequence of incidents that bear a significant causal relationship to each other. Causality is an important feature of realistic fictional plot because something happens because of a result something else. In other words, it's what mostly happened in the story or novel or what the story's general theme is based on, such as the mood, characters, setting, and conflicts occurring in a story. An intricate, complicated plot is known as an imbroglio, but even the simplest statements of plot can have multiple inferences, such as with songs the ballad tradition.
Talking about plot means we talk about the actions or events that are usually resolved at the end of a story. The fictional plot maybe a struggle between opposing forces, love and many others and it is usually resolved by the end if the story.
There are five essential parts of plot:
1. Exposition - The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed. The exposition is the introduction to the characters and setting of the story. The exposition hooks the reader, providing enough interest and information to the intended audience to encourage the reader to continue reading.
story. This part of the plot tells us what it is that the main character or protagonist is facing. During the rising action, the main character struggles with this conflict or problem. The conflict may be:
a) Character vs. character: the problem the protagonist faces is one involving another character
b) Character vs. society: the protagonist faces a problem involving something in the society in which they live (example: racism)
c) Character vs. self: the character has some internal struggle inside themselves
d) Character vs. nature: the protagonist struggles with some natural force (tornado, harsh climate, etc.)
3. Climax - The climax is the high point of the story, where a culmination of events creates the peak of the conflict. The climax usually features the most conflict and struggle, and usually reveals any secrets or missing points in the story. Alternatively, an anti-climax may occur, in which an expectedly difficult event is revealed to be incredibly easy or of paltry importance. Critics may also label the falling action as an anti-climax, or anti-climactic. The climax isn't always the most important scene in a story. In many stories, it is the last sentence, with no successive falling action or resolution.
to resolve them. The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not (events between climax and denouement). 5. Denouement - This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the
story. The part of a story or drama which occurs after the climax and which establishes a new norm, a new state of affairs-the way things are going to be from then on. The author often ties up the loose ends of the story to have the plot reach a conclusion.
In a story, the events maybe rise and fall repeatedly and actually a plot develops a series of complications or intensification of the conflict that leads to a moment of great tension. Sometimes the author will use some techniques in writing the plot to make the story more interesting or to add a twist or turn. Foreshadowing is where the author may hint at what might happen in the future. Flashback is where the author might tell us something that has happened in the past to help explain the present. Irony is when the author has something happen in the story that is the opposite of what the reader expects.
In general, plot can be divided into two types, they are closed and open. This division is based on the way how an author presents the resolution of his story, they are:
2. Open plot: this type of plot has little or no resolution at all. The author, however, creates some clues in the story that will lead his readers to conclude the resolution of the story. “ Crane in his work, The Concept of Plot states that any novel or drama represents a composite of three elements: action, character, and thought. Plot is, thus, the particular synthesis of the three elements. Razali Kasim (2005:20) divides plot into three kinds,
a) Plot of Action: in this kind of plot the interest lies in “what happens next”, while the character and thought are portrayed minimally. We rarely, if ever, find any serious or intellectual issues.
b) Plot of Character: this kind of plot deals with the process of change in the moral character of the protagonist.
c) Plot of Thought: this kind of plot deals with the process of change in the thought of the protagonist and in his feeling.
major elements of plot because opposing forces arouse curiosity, cause doubt, create tension, and produce interest.
2.2.3. Setting
According to Abraham (1969: 75) says that a narrative or dramatic work is the general locate, historical time, and a social circumstances in which its action occurs; the setting of an episode or scene within a work is the particular physical location in which it takes place.
The setting is not only shows the place or time of the sequence of events, but it also expresses the character in a story. For example: the setting describes in a house, and then the house will express the character of the owner. In this case, we can see from the interior of the house, if the owner is a rich man then his house is big and filled in the expansive things. According to Wellek and Warren (1977:221) through their book Theory of Literature describe that setting is environment and environment especially domestic interior, maybe viewed as metonymic, or metaphoric, expression of character.
2.2.4. Theme
According to Frederick R. Karl (1967: 323) says that theme is a kind of composite statement which requires our comprehension of numerous other elements. The theme can’t be anything you choose to make it. Every interpretation must be consistent with what the author has provided. If you defend a particular meaning that you feel deeply about, remember that it must coincide with every element of the story. The theme in a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight. It is the author's underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey. The theme may be the author's thoughts about a topic or view of human nature. Fiction necessary embodies issues and ideas. Even stories written for entertainment alone are based in an idea or position. In fiction ideas take from of an underlying theme or central idea, which helps to tie the work together. Often the author makes theme obvious, it does not much imagination to state the theme.
2.2.5. Style
According to Rawdon Wilson (2002: 28) says that style is the codified gestures, in which the author tells the story. Style is the manner of expression; how a speaker or writer says what he says. Writing style is the manner in which a writer addresses a matter. A style reveals the writer’s personality or voice. It is the result of the choices the writer makes in syntactical structures, diction, and figures of thought. Similar questions of style exist in the choices of expressive possibilities in speech. A writer controls not only the density of prose but its distribution. Within the rules of grammar, the writer can arrange words in many ways. A sentence may state the main proposition first and then modify it; or it may contain language to prepare the reader before stating the main proposition.
CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS OF PLOT USED IN THE HOBBIT
Bilbo Baggins lives a quiet, peaceful life in his comfortable hole at Bag End. Bilbo lives in a hole because he is a hobbit—one of a race of small, plump people about half the size of humans, with furry toes and a great love of good food and drink. Bilbo is quite content at Bag End, near the bustling hobbit village of Hobbiton, but one day his comfort is shattered by the arrival of the old wizard Gandalf, who persuades Bilbo to set out on an adventure with a group of thirteen militant dwarves. The dwarves are embarking on a great quest to reclaim their treasure from the marauding dragon Smaug, and Bilbo is to act as their “burglar.” The dwarves are very skeptical about Gandalf’s choice for a burglar, and Bilbo is terrified to leave his comfortable life to seek adventure. But Gandalf assures both Bilbo and the dwarves that there is more to the little hobbit than meets the eye.
Shortly after the group sets out, three hungry trolls capture all of them except for Gandalf. Gandalf tricks the trolls into remaining outside when the sun comes up, and the sunlight turns the nocturnal trolls to stone. The group finds a great cache of weapons in the trolls’ camp. Gandalf and the dwarf lord Thorin take magic swords, and Bilbo takes a small sword of his own.
When they find shelter in a cave during a snowstorm, a group of goblins who live in the caverns beneath the mountain take them prisoner. Gandalf leads the dwarves to a passage out of the mountain, but they accidentally leave behind Bilbo.
Wandering through the tunnels, Bilbo finds a strange golden ring lying on the ground. He takes the ring and puts it in his pocket. Soon he encounters Gollum, a hissing, whining creature who lives in a pool in the caverns and hunts fish and goblins. Gollum wants to eat Bilbo, and the two have a contest of riddles to determine Bilbo’s fate. Bilbo wins by asking the dubious riddle, “What have I got in my pocket?”
Gollum wants to eat Bilbo anyway, and he disappears to fetch his magic ring, which turns its wearer invisible. The ring, however, is the same one Bilbo has already found, and Bilbo uses it to escape from Gollum and flee the goblins. He finds a tunnel leading up out of the mountain and discovers that the dwarves and Gandalf have already escaped. Evil wolves known as Wargs pursue them, but Bilbo and his comrades are helped to safety by a group of great eagles and by Beorn, a creature who can change shape from a man into a bear.
Mirkwood. Bilbo uses his ring to help the company escape and slips the dwarves away from the elves by hiding them inside barrels, which he then floats down the river. The dwarves arrive at Lake Town, a human settlement near the Lonely Mountain, under which the great dragon sleeps with Thorin’s treasure.
After sneaking into the mountain, Bilbo talks to the sly dragon Smaug, who unwittingly reveals that his armorlike scales have a weak spot near his heart. When Bilbo steals a golden cup from the dragon’s hoard, Smaug is furious and flies out of the mountain to burn Lake Town in his rage. Bard, a heroic archer, has learned the secret about Smaug’s weakness from a thrush, and he fires an arrow into the dragon’s heart, killing him. Before Smaug dies, however, he burns Lake Town to the ground.
The humans of Lake Town and the elves of Mirkwood march to the Lonely Mountain to seek a share of the treasure as compensation for their losses and aid, but Thorin greedily refuses, and the humans and elves besiege the mountain, trapping the dwarves and the hobbit inside. Bilbo sneaks out to join the humans in an attempt to bring peace. When Thorin learns what Bilbo has done, he is livid, but Gandalf suddenly reappears and saves Bilbo from the dwarf lord’s wrath.
After the battle, Bilbo and Gandalf return to Hobbiton, where Bilbo continues to live. He is no longer accepted by respectable hobbit society, but he does not care. Bilbo now prefers to talk to elves and wizards, and he is deeply content to be back among the familiar comforts of home after his grand and harrowing adventures.
3.1. Exposition
Bilbo Baggins lives his calm and peaceful life in a comfortable hole, some may compare to quaint OC apartments, near the bustling hobbit village of Hobbiton, smoking a pipe, drinking good bear and looking for a meal. His life style and interests are typical for hobbits - small and chubby people about half the size of humans who usually dress in bright colors and wear no shoes, because their large feet grow thick brown hair, and feel great love to good food and drink. In the beginning of the story Bilbo has a very weak character; his main features are shyness and fear susceptibility. Like most of his kind, he is fond of gardening and doesn't wish any excitement or adventure.
In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort.
(Tolkien, 1937:3)
people considered them very respectable, not only because most of them were rich, but also because they never had any adventures or did anything unexpected: you could tell what a Baggins would say on any question without the bother of asking him. This is a story of how a Baggins had an adventure, found himself doing and saying things altogether unexpected.
(Tolkien, 1937:3)
One day the situation is changed by the arrival of a mysterious old wizard Gandalf who is looking for someone to join him and a group of thirteen militant dwarves on their quest to reclaim the treasure stolen by Smaug, the most awful dragon in all Middle-earth. In this dangerous adventure Bilbo Baggins is intended to be an active participant, although, the dwarves are very sceptical about Gandalf's choice and the hobbit is scared.
"We are met to discuss our plans, our ways, means, policy and devices. We shall soon before the break of day start on our long journey, a journey from which some of us, or perhaps all of us (except our friend and counsellor, the ingenious wizard Gandalf) may never return. It is a solemn moment. Our object is, I take it, well known to us all. To the estimable Mr. Baggins, and perhaps to one or two of the younger dwarves (I think I should be right in naming Kili and Fili, for instance), the exact situation at the moment may require a little brief explanation-"
(Tolkien, 1937:14)
my grandfather was King under the Mountain again and treated with great reverence by the mortal men, who lived to the South, and were gradually spreading up the Running River as far as the valley overshadowed by the Mountain. They built the merry town of Dale there in those days. Kings used to send for our smiths, and reward even the least skilful most richly. Fathers would beg us to take their sons as apprentices, and pay us handsomely, especially in food-supplies, which we never bothered to grow or find for ourselves. Altogether those were good days for us, and the poorest of us had money to spend and to lend, and leisure to make beautiful things just for the. fun of it, not to speak of the most marvellous and magical toys, the like of which is not to be found in the world now-a-days. So my grandfather's halls became full of armour and jewels and carvings and cups, and the toy-market of Dale was the wonder of the North.
(Tolkien, 1937:18)
in fire. By that time all the bells were ringing in Dale and the warriors were arming. The dwarves rushed out of their great gate; but there was the dragon waiting for them. None escaped that way. The river rushed up in steam and a fog fell on Dale, and in the fog the dragon came on them and destroyed most of the warriors-the usual unhappy story, it was only too common in those days. Then he went back and crept in through the Front Gate and routed out all the halls, and lanes, and tunnels, alleys, cellars, mansions and passages. After that there were no dwarves left alive inside, and he took all their wealth for himself. Probably, for that is the dragons' way, he has piled it all up in a great heap far inside, and sleeps on it for a bed. Later he used to crawl out of the great gate and come by night to Dale, and carry away people, especially maidens, to eat, until Dale was ruined, and all the people dead or gone. What goes on there now I don't know for certain, but I don't suppose anyone lives nearer to the Mountain than the far edge of the Long Lake now-a-days.
(Tolkien, 1937:18-19)
3.2. Rising Action
"What have I, I wonder?" he said to himself, as he panted and stumbled along. He put his left hand in his pocket. The ring felt very cold as it quietly slipped on to his groping forefinger. The hiss was close behind him. He turned now and saw Gollum's eyes like small green lamps coming up the slope. Terrified he tried to run faster, but suddenly he struck his toes on a snag in the floor, and fell flat with his little sword under him. In a moment Gollum was on him. But before Bilbo could do anything, recover his breath, pick himself up, or wave his sword, Gollum passed by, taking no notice of him, cursing and whispering as he ran.
(Tolkien, 1937:60)
In a moment it spread to the others. The bark caught fire, the lower branches cracked. Then Gandalf climbed to the top of his tree. The sudden splendour flashed from his wand like lightning, as he got ready to spring down from on high right among the spears of the goblins. That would have been the end of him, though he would probably have killed many of them as he came hurtling down like a thunderbolt. But he never leaped. Just at that moment the Lord of the Eagles swept down from above, seized him in his talons, and was gone.
There was a howl of anger and surprise from the goblins. Loud cried the Lord of the Eagles, to whom Gandalf had now spoken. Back swept the great birds that were with him, and down they came like huge black shadows. The wolves yammered and gnashed their teeth; the goblins yelled and stamped with rage, and flung their heavy spears in the air in vain. Over them swooped the eagles; the dark rush of their beating wings smote them to the floor or drove them far away; their talons tore at goblin faces. Other birds flew to the tree-tops and seized the dwarves, who were scrambling up now as far as ever they dared to go.
They are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo frees himself and kills a giant spider with the sword found in the trolls' cave, he names it Sting. With the help of the ring Bilbo becomes invisible, frees the dwarves from the spider's webs and reveals a secret of the magic ring.
It was difficult to get them to understand, what with their dizzy heads, and the shouts, and the whacking of sticks and the throwing of stones; but at last Bilbo felt he could delay no longer-the spiders were drawing their circle ever closer. He suddenly slipped on his ring, and to the great astonishment of the dwarves he vanished. (Tolkien, 1937:118)
Hoping desperately that Bilbo had not been caught the dwarves went on. Not fast enough, though. They were sick and weary, and they could not go much better than a hobble and a wobble, though many of the spiders were close behind. Every now and then they had to turn and fight the creatures that were overtaking them and already some spiders were in the trees above them and throwing down their long clinging threads.
Things were looking pretty bad again, when suddenly Bilbo appeared and charged into the astonished spiders unexpectedly from the side.
(Tolkien, 1937:118)
Esgaroth or Lake-town, a human town near the Lonely Mountain, where the dragon lives.
Bilbo, however, did not feel nearly so hopeful as they did. He did not like being depended on by everyone, and he wished he had the wizard at hand. But that was no use: probably all the dark distance of Mirkwood lay between them. He sat and thought and thought, until his head nearly burst, but no bright idea would come. One invisible ring was a very fine thing, but it was not much good among fourteen. But of course, as you have guessed, he did rescue his friends in the end, and this is how it happened.
(Tolkien, 1937:126)
3.3. Climax
At this time, an army of Wargs and goblins approaches the mountain, so the humans, elves and dwarves have to unite, and The Battle of Five Armies begins. The heroes nearly lose, but Beorn and the eagles arrive and help them win the battle. Thorin is hurt and before he dies he expresses regrets for his actions against Bilbo; the leader of the dwarves is buried with the Arkenstone and Orcrist.
It was a terrible battle. The most dreadful of all Bilbo's experiences, and the one which at the time he hated most – which is to say it was the one he was most proud of, and most fond of recalling long afterwards, although he was quite unimportant in it. Actually I must say he put on his ring early in the business, and vanished from sight, if not from all danger. A magic ring of that sort is not a complete protection in a goblin charge, nor does it stop flying arrows and wild spears; but it does help in getting out of the way, and it prevents your head from being specially chosen for a sweeping stroke by a goblin swordsman.
3.4. Falling Action
There was, of course, no longer any question of dividing the hoard in such shares as had been planned, to Balin and Dwalin, and Dori and Nori and Ori, and Oin and Gloin, and Bifur and Bofur and Bombur-or to Bilbo. Yet a fourteenth share of all the silver and gold.
In the end he would only take two small chests, one filled with silver, and the other with gold, such as one strong pony could carry. "That will be quite as much as I can manage," said he. At last the time came for him to say good-bye to his friends. "Farewell, Balin!" he said; "and farewell, Dwalin; and farewell Dori, Nori, Ori, Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, and Bombur! May your beards never grow thin!" And turning towards the Mountain he added: "Farewell Thorin Oakenshield! And Fili and Kili! May your memory never fade!"
(Tolkien, 1937:207-208)
The elf-host was on the march;. and if it was sadly lessened, yet many were glad, for now the northern world would be merrier for many a long day. The dragon was dead, and the goblins overthrown, and their hearts looked forward after winter to a spring of joy.
in the waste that lay between it and the beginning of the Grey Mountains. It was a long and cheerless road, but now that the goblins were crushed, it seemed safer to them than the dreadful pathways under the trees. Moreover Beorn was going that way too.
(Tolkien, 1937:208)
Bilbo and Gandalf return to Hobbiton, where Bilbo continues to live. He is no longer accepted by respectable hobbit society, but he does not care. Bilbo now prefers to talk to elves and wizards, and he is deeply content to be back among the familiar comforts of home after his grand and harrowing adventures.
It was on May the First that the two came back at last to the brink of the valley of Rivendell, where stood the Last (or the First) Homely House. Again it was evening, their ponies were tired, especially the one that carried the baggage; and they all felt in need of rest.
(Tolkien, 1937:210)
As all things come to an end, even this story, a day came at last when they were in sight of the country where Bilbo had been born and bred, where the shapes of the land and of the trees were as well known to him as his hands and toes.
(Tolkien, 1937:213)
3.5. Denouement
They fell to talking of their times together, of course, and Bilbo asked how things were going in the lands of the Mountain. It seemed they were going very well. Bard had rebuilt the town in Dale and men had gathered to him from the Lake and from South and West, and all the valley had become tilled again and rich, and the desolation was now filled with birds and blossoms in spring and fruit and feasting in autumn. And Lake-town was refounded and was more prosperous than ever, and much wealth went up and down the Running River; and there was friendship in those parts between elves and dwarves and men.
(Tolkien, 1937:215)
"Of course!" said Gandalf. "And why should not they prove true? Surely you don't disbelieve the prophecies, because you had a hand in bringing them about yourself? You don't really suppose, do you, that all your adventures and escapes were managed by mere luck, just for your sole benefit? You are a very fine person, Mr. Baggins, and I am very fond of you; but you are only quite a little fellow in a wide world after all!"
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1. Conclusion
After analyzing of plot used in J.R.R Tolkien’s novel The Hobbit, the writer get some conclusion as follow:
• He should also have a better idea of what it means to be a hero and
understand how anyone can make a difference and change the world. • Bilbo doesn’t become conceited or vain as a result. Rather, he shows that
you can confront evil and still remain a humble person. The author proposes that humility and an unpretentious lifestyle are the real route to eradicating wickedness from the world.
• The conclusion in The Hobbit was very effective. It showed how Bilbo
4.2. Suggestion
Having completed this paper, the writer has suggestion as follow:
• Gandalf should of had tea with Bilbo at the end of the book to talk. Bilbo
should kill Smaug because he was the main character.
• Gandalf should of helped them on the rest of the journey because he was
like the second main character.
• I think Thorin should stay alive because he was a good leader in the story
and did not deserve to die.
• Bilbo should of told the dwarves about the ring.
• Bilbo should of used the ring less to show his bravery.
REFERENCES
Abrams, M.H. 1981. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Kenney, William. 1966. How to Analyze Fiction. New York: Monarch Press. Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 1998. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada
University Press.
Roberts, Edgar V & Henry E. Jacobs. 1995. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Stanford, Judith A. 2003. Responding to Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Stanton, Robert. 2007. Teori Fiksi Robert Stanton. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Taylor, Richard. 1981. Understanding the Elements of Literature: Its Forms,
Techniques and Cultural Conventions. London: The MacMillan Press Ltd.
Tolkien, John R.R. 1937. The Hobbit. United Kingdom: George Allen & Unwin Watson, George. 1979. The Story of the Novel. London: The MacMillan Press
Ltd.
Wellek, Rene & Austin Warren. 1985. Theory of Literature. New York: Penguin Books.
APPENDICES
The Biography of J.R.R. Tolkien
J.R.R. Tolkien was born in 1892, Bloomfontein,
South Africa. After three years in South Africa, he
returned to England with his Mother Mabel;
unfortunately his father died one year later, leaving
him with little memory of his father. His early
childhood was, by all accounts, a happy one; he was brought up in the
Warwickshire countryside (many regard this idealised upbringing as the basis for
the Shire in Lord of the Rings).
In 1904, when John was just 12, his mother Mabel died from diabetes
leaving a profound mark on him and his brother. After his mother’s passing, he
was brought up by the family’s Catholic priest, Father Francis Morgen. From an
early age, J.R.R. Tolkien was an excellent scholar, with an unusually specialised
interest in languages. He enjoyed studying languages especially Greek, Anglo
Saxon, and later at Oxford, Finnish.
Although a scholar at King Edward VI school, he initially failed to win a
scholarship toOxford. This was partly due to falling in love with his childhood
sweatheart Edith. On finding out of this romance, his guardian, Father Francis
Morgan, prohibited John from seeing Edith until he was 21 and no longer under
agreed to his request. John faithfully waited until his 21st birthday, and on this
date he renewed his contact with Edith, and successfully persuaded her to marry
him. It is a testament to his belief in faithfulness and honesty, that he was willing
to wait several years to meet his wife; such sentiments of nobility appear
frequently in his writings; for example, the magnificent love story of Beren and
Luthien.
J.R.R.Tolkien in Oxford
From an academic point of view, his separation from
Edith seemed to do the trick,and a year later he won
an exhibition to Exeter College, Oxford where he
would study classics. John did not particularly shine
in this subject and grew to enjoy the pleasures of
University life, though his meagre income made it difficult to keep up with the
spending habits of more affluent students. Uninspired by the classics, John was
able to switch to his real love English literature. He was a competent scholar, but
a lot of his time was spent researching other languages in the Bodleian library. It
was here in Oxford that he became fascinated with Finnish, a language which
would form the basis for Quenya; a language he would later give to his Elves. His
love of languages remained with Tolkien throughout his life; in particular, he
began developing his own languages, a remarkable undertaking. In fact, in later
commented that languages lied at the heart of his writings; the Silmarillion and
to use the languages. Devotees of the book may not agree, but it does illustrate the
profound importance he attached to the use of languages.
J.R.R.Tolkien First World War
\ At the outbreak of the First World War, J.R.R. Tolkien decided to finish
off his degree before enlisting in 1916. Joining the Lancashire fusiliers, he made it
to the Western Front just before the great Somme offensive. At first hand, J.R.R.
Tolkien witnessed the horrors and carnage of the “Great War”; he lost many close
friends, tellingly he remarked “By 1918 all but one of my close friends were
dead”. J.R.R. Tolkien survived, mainly due to the persistent reoccurrence of
trench fever, which saw him invalided back to England. He rarely talked about
his experiences directly, but the large-scale horrors of war, will undoubtedly have
influenced his writings in some way. Perhaps the imagery for the wastelands of
Mordor may have had birth in the muddy horrors of the Western Front.
It was back in England, in 1917, that J.R.R Tolkien began working on his
epic - "The Silmarillion". The Silmarillion, lies at the heart of all Tolkien’s
mythology, it is a work he continually revised, until his death in 1973. The
Silmarillion makes hard reading, in that, it is not plot driven, but depicts the
history of a universe, through an almost biblical overview. It moves from the
Creation of the Universe, to the introduction of evil and the rebellion of the
Noldor. It is in the Silmarillion that many roots from the Lord of the Rings stem.
It gives the Lord of the Rings the impression of a real epic. It becomes not just a
Initially J.R.R Tolkien’s writings on the Silmarillion were known by very
few. He found his time absorbed in teaching and other duties of being a professor.
He also found time to write important papers on
medieval literature. These included seminal works
on, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and Beowulf.
In 1945, he was given the Merton professorship, and
gained additional duties of teaching and lecturing.
It was sometime after 1930 that Tolkien gained an unexpected inspiration
to startwriting the Hobbit. It was whilst marking an examination paper, that he
jotted in the margins of a paper the immortal words “In a hole in the ground lived
a hobbit.” Unlike the Silmarillion, the Hobbit was a simple fairy tale and
adventure for children. Hinting at evil things, it still ends in a happy ending for all
and is primarily concerned with a triumph of good over evil. In the course of the
next few years, friends including C.S. Lewis, read his manuscript and gave good
reviews. In the course of time the publisher, Allen and Unwin, got to read it; with
a glowing reference from, Rayner Unwin, the 10 year old son of Mr Unwin; the
book was published to commercial success.
J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis
J.R.R.Tolkien was good friends with together they were
key members of the 'Inklings' an informal Oxford literary club, where writers met
together to read out poetry and short stories. Tolkien had a strong Catholic faith
throughout his life; he often discussed religion with C.S.Lewis .Lewis later said
Christianity. However, their relationship cooled over the years. There was a little
friction over C.S.Lewis relationship with Joy Davidson, but they remained firm
friends and C.S.Lewis was always a stout literary defender of Tolkien's work.(
Though Tolkien was somewhat less enthusiastic about the work of C.S.Lewis.)
Lord of the Rings
Due to the success of The Hobbit, Allen and Unwin, encouraged J.R.R.
Tolkien to write a sequel. Thus over a period of many years, J.R.R. Tolkien began
writing the Lord of the Rings. This soon became quite different to the hobbit, both
in scope and dimension. Putting its roots into the Silmarillion, it became an epic
of unprecedented depth. No longer was Tolkien writing a simplistic adventure
story; the triumph of good over evil is no longer so complete. Even in the
mission’s success there is no obvious happy ending. There is a feeling of
permanent change; nothing can remain as it is. As well as being a fascinating
story line, the book deals with many issues of how people respond to certain
choices and the influence of power and ego. It can be read in many ways, but it
does offer an underlying moral and spiritual dimension, which is inherent in the
development of the story.
Due to the sheer scope and length of the book, the publishers Allen and
Unwin, were wary of publication. They worried about whether it would be a
commercial success. Eventually they decided to publish the book, but split it up
intosix sections; they also offered no payment to J.R.R Tolkien, until the book
moved into profit. The first edition was published in 1954, and soon became a
that it really took off becoming an international bestseller. Somehow the book
managed to capture the mood of the 1960s counter culture, and it became
immensely popular on American campuses. Tolkien, became a household name,
and Lord of the Rings would soon become renowned as the most popular book of
all time.
Although the book has received the most powerful popular acclaim, it
has not always received the same commendation from the literary world. In 1972,
Oxford University conferred on Tolkien the honorary degree of, Doctor of Letters.
This was not for his writing, but his researches on linguistic studies. Tolkien,
however, would have taken no offence at this award. For him his linguistic studies
were as important if not more so than his fictional literary endeavours.
He did not particularly enjoy the fame that came from his literary
success, and in 1968 he moved to Poole to gain a little more privacy. His beloved
wife, Edith, died in 1971, and J.R.R.Tolkien died a couple of years later in 1973.
After his death his creations gained increased popularity and sales. Even before
the release of the Lord of the Rings films, the book, "Lord of the Rings" was often
voted as best loved book of all time. His son, Christopher Tolkien, carefully went
through all his manuscripts, and published posthumously several histories of
middle earth, encompassing various early drafts of stories and histories.
The Summary of the Novel
two interests, stories for his three sons and a mythology of England, the book has had a corner in hearts of many readers since it was first published in September, 1937. Being Tolkien's first published work, "The Hobbit" is often marketed as a prelude to his masterpiece "The Lord of the Rings", published 17 years later.
One day the situation is changed by the arrival of a mysterious old wizard Gandalf who is looking for someone to join him and a group of thirteen militant dwarves on their quest to reclaim the treasure stolen by Smaug, the most awful dragon in all Middle-earth. In this dangerous adventure Bilbo Baggins is intended to be an active participant, although, the dwarves are very skeptical about Gandalf's choice and the hobbit is scared.
After the heroes begin their journey, all of them, except Gandalf, are caught by three hungry trolls who plan to eat them. But Gandalf appears and initiates a quarrel between the trolls, so they stay outside, until the sun rises and the sunlight turns them to stone. With a key found by Bilbo the group unlocks trolls' secret cave, takes magic swords and travels to the place called Rivendell, where the heroes have a rest at home of Elrond, a friendly elf leader.
Lord Elrond translates the inscriptions written on the swords that Thorin Oakenshield, a king of dwarves, and Gandalf found in trolls' cave, and the group sets out to cross the Misty Mountains. Soon a terrible snowstorm begins, so the heroes find their shelter in a cave (that turns out to be the Great Goblin's cave), where all of them, except Gandalf, are captured by goblins. But Gandalf appears, kills the Great Goblin, using Glamdring, a magic sword, and frees his friends. Trying to escape, the group accidentally leaves behind Bilbo who falls on his way out and loses consciousness.
wins the fight and realizes that the ring is magic and is Gollum's favorite possession. He puts the ring on and becomes invisible. Bilbo finds a short way leading up out of the goblins' tunnels and meets Gandalf and the dwarves who have already escaped. The group travels further, but the giant wolfs, known as Wargs, pursue them, and they have to climb up trees to survive. The situation gets worse when goblins come, but luckily Bilbo and his comrades are rescued by a group of great eagles who fly them to their safety nest.
he hides them in empty wine barrels and floats down the river to Esgaroth or Lake-town, a human town near the Lonely Mountain, where the dragon lives.
Spending a week in Esgaroth, the group goes to the Lonely Mountain and sees the door to Smaug's den, but they can't open it until Bilbo discovers the clue in Thorin's map and uses the key of Thorin's grandfather. Hand over head Bilbo talks to the awful dragon Smaug who unwittingly coughs up that despite the impenetrable scales has a weak spot near his heart. The dragon gets into a rage, when Bilbo escapes with the precious gem, the Arkenstone, stolen from the hoard, and leaves the mountain to burn Esgaroth. Smaug destroys the town before he is killed by Bard, a heroic archer, informed about the dragon's weak point from a message delivered by a thrush.
After this dangerous journey, Bilbo and Gandalf come back to Hobbiton, where the Hobbit continues to live. Despite Bilbo is rejected by hospitable hobbit society, he is happy to communicate with elves and wizards and enjoys his simple and comfortable life.
