AN ANALYSIS ON TRANSLATION STRATEGIES FOR
REALIA
IN TRANSLATING ABSTRACTS APPLIED BY STUDENTS’
TRANSLATION BUREAU AT UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG
THESIS
By:
DEWI KHOIRUN NISA HARTONO
201210100311218
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
AN ANALYSIS ON TRANSLATION STRATEGIES FOR
REALIA
IN TRANSLATING ABSTRACTS APPLIED BY STUDENTS’
TRANSLATION BUREAU AT UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
DEWI KHOIRUN NISA HARTONO
201210100311218
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MOTTOS
If you are not strong, it’s simple the answer is be strong! :D -Someone outside there-
If you want a rainbow, you need to deal with the rain and storm first, that’s life. -Anonymous-
Nobody has it is easy. Everybody is fighting their own unique war. All is different kind of path. But we cannot expect everyone to understand our journey. Be kind.
Always. -Alyssa Soebandono-
I believe that everything happens for a reason. People change so that you can learn to let go, things go wrong so that you appreciate them when they’re right, you believe lies so you eventually learn to trust no one but yourself, and sometimes
good things fall apart so better things can fall together. -Marilyn Monroe-
DEDICATIONS
This thesis is keenly dedicated to: My lovely mom, Ibu Siti Kholidah My adorable dad, Bapak Suhartono
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, all praises be upon Allah SWT, the Most Gracious and Most Merciful, due to His blessing, this thesis can be accomplished properly. Peace and blessing also be upon Muhammad SAW who has revealed the way to touch brightness. In its final accomplishment, I am realized that this thesis is still inadequate. Thus, to make this thesis better, I openly welcome all criticism and suggestions from all parties.
Obviously, I would like to witness my gratitude to my first advisor, Puji Sumarsono, S.Pd., M.Pd. and my second advisor, Dr. Hartono, M.Pd. for their patience, advices and supports during guiding me in finishing this thesis. Furthermore, my great gratitude addressed to my thesis examiners.
Hereafter, I would like to express my wholehearted gratitude to Mister Riski Lestiono, M.A. and also all of the lecturers who help me in conducting this thesis.
Additionally, my gratitude is dedicated for both of my parents, Siti Kholidah and Suhartono, who eternally offer me with peace-loving affections. Moreover, my ceaseless appreciation goes to my beloved sisters, Nur Fauziah Hartono and Hardini Lailatul R for her supports and nice regard.
Lastly, I would like to express my thankfulness for all of my collegial friends: Sri Wahyuni Ningsih, Dwi Sari Kurniawati, Mustaghfiroh, Dita Fitriana, Raditya Eka O, Erischa Nurnindya, Renindya Rachmatika Y, Mukholidiyah, Nafila Zain, Rawika Ardila, Tedy Bahtiar K, Bunga Navyani, Lailatus S, Siti Nur Cholila, all of my friends in D class and all of good people for their endless help during I accomplish this thesis.
Malang, November 2016
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL ……… iii
MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS ……….. v
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ………. vi
ABSTRACT ………. vii
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1Translation... 8
2.2The Principles of Translation ... 9
2.3Definition of Realia ... 11
2.4Translation Strategies for Realia ... 12
2.4.1 Maintenance ... 12
2.4.2 Loan Translation/Calque ... 13
2.4.3 Approximation ... 13
2.4.4 Description ... 14
2.4.6 Adaptation ... 14
2.4.7 Omission ... 15
2.5The Reasons behind Using the Translation Strategies ... 16
2.6 Abstract Text ... 17
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1Research Finding ... 23
4.1.1 Kinds of Translation Strategies for Realia Found in Abstract Texts Employed by the Students’ Translation Bureau ... 23
4.1.1.1 Maintenance ... 24
4.1.1.2 Loan Translation/Calque ... 27
4.1.1.3 Description ... 30
4.1.1.4 Generalization ... 30
4.1.1.5 Adaptation ... 31
4.1.1.6 Combination of Translation Strategies ... 34
4.1.2 The Underlying Reasons behind the Choice of the Most Dominant Strategy in Translating Abstract texts Employed by the Students’ Translation Bureau ... 36
4.2 Discussion ... 40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1Conclusion ... 43
REFERENCES ………
APPENDIX
Appendix 1 A table of kinds of translation strategies for realia found in Abstract text.
LIST OF THE TABLES
Table 4.1.1.1 Maintenance Strategy for Realia
Found in Abstract texts ... 24 Table 4.1.1.2 Loan Translation Strategy for Realia
Found in Abstract texts ... 27 Table 4.1.1.3 Description Strategy for Realia
Found in Abstract texts ... 30 Table 4.1.1.4 Generalization Strategy for Realia
Found in Abstract texts ... 31 Table 4.1.1.5 Adaptation Strategy for Realia
Found in Abstract texts ... 31 Table 4.1.1.6 Combination of Translation Strategies for Realia
Found in Abstract texts ... 34 Table 4.1.2 Kinds of Translation Strategies for Realia
REFERENCES
Andrade, Chittaranjan. 2011. How to write a good abstract for a scientific paper or conference presentation. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 53 (2), April-June 2011, pp. 172-175.
Ary, Donald et al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education (8th Edition). Belmont: Wadsworth.
Bassnett, Susan. 2002. Translation Studies. NY: Methuen & Co.Ltd.
Creswell, John W. 2008. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd Edition). Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication.
Freimuth, Hilda. 2006. Language and Culture. Volume 2, Spring 2006. UGRU Journal.
Leppihalme, Rivta. 2011. Handbook of Translation Studies. Volume 2. Chapter Realia. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins B.V.
Gebraad, Jonneke. 2012. La traduction des realia, noms et irrealia dans la literature pour enfants, Une recherché a l’aide du roman ‘Le Pacte des Marchombres – Ellana’ de Pierre Bottero. Utrecht University.
Grigor’eva, A. 2011. Different Approaches to the Reproduction of the National Singularity in the Russian-Italian Translation.
Grit, Dienderik 1997, ‘De vertaling van Realia.’ In: Filter, 4/4. 42-48. Edited and updated version in: Naajikens e.a (2004), 279-286.
Hancock, Beverley et al. 2009. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. The NIHR Research Design Service for the East Midlands.
Jones, Elka. 2002. Intepreters and translators-Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Quarterly: Summer 2002.
Mauranen, Anna and Kujumaki, Pekka. 2004. Translation Universals: Do they exist? Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Application (3rd Edition). United State of America & Canada: Routledge. Nurlaily. 2014. Types of Realia in Heather Webber’s Novel “Truly, Madly” and
Their Translation Strategies Into Bahasa Indonesia. Thesis. English Departement: Faculty of Teaching Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Rasyidie, Faldy et al. 2013. Translation Shifts In The Novel “Mansfield Park” By Jane Austen Translated By Berliani Mantili Nugrahani. Volume 1. Journal of Science and Culture. National University of Jakarta.
Salehi, Mohammmad. 2012. Reflections on Culture, Language and Translation. Journal of Academic and Applied Studie. Vol. 2 (5) May 2012, pp. 76-85. Sassen, Hans. 2006. L’affrontement de tris cultures, Les realia dans la traduction
en neerlandais de L’Ecrivain de Yasmina Khadra. Utrecht University.
Smets, Lieselotte. 2011. Transferring British Culture in Dutch Subtitles: The Translation of Realia in “Yes, Minister”. Lessius Hogeschool Antwerpen.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter one comprises of the fundamental section which delivers an explanation about how the researcher initiates this study. This chapter deals with background of study, statement of problem, purpose of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and also definition of key terms. Each topic is presented as below.
1.1 Background of Study
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Vividly, the translator should be responsive to the cultural references that will be explained to the readers (Jones, 2002:23). Furthermore, Munday (2001:4) said that the word translation itself has many interpretations. It can refer to the product (the text that has been translated) and also to the process (the act of producing the translation). In short, translation is the activity to change or transfer the source language (SL) into target language (TL), so that it is understood by the TL readers.
One of the challenging issues in translation which is quite interesting is translating realia. There are several terms proposed by some experts. According to Lefevere (in Leppihalme, 2011:126), the term realia refers to Latin for ‘real things’. It is because of their referential link with reality, words and phrases that are bounding up closely in this world as the original culture of reference. Besides, Grit (2004) stated that the term "realia" (singular: "real") referred to two forms in the broad sense: the specific culture in a particular country or culture in which it belongs to actual phenomena or categorical terms and which elsewhere have no or only partial equivalence; the terms used for those phenomena/concepts. Grit (2004) also provides some examples of realia, such us: historical realia, e.g. Sumpah Pemuda (The Youth Pledge); Geographical realia, e.g. Tangkuban
Perahu (a mountain in West Java, Indonesia); Private-institutional realia, e.g. FKIP (Faculty of Teacher Training and Education); Public-institutional realia, e.g.
RRI (the state radio network of Indonesia); Units, e.g. siung (measurement of
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given target culture. Discussing among language and culture are unlimited since they have intricate relationship. Therefore, the researcher sum up that there is an explicit word which portrays the culture and identity of someone’s community named realia.
Conveying realia in translation is not easy because the translator needs to express the historical and national color of the realia along with its objective meaning (Grigor’eva, 2006). Unavoidably, the translator should notice that it was not only focuses on how realia can be translated but also on how it should be translated. Moreover, there is a reason why realia is important because there are some possibilities which occur in the readers or target groups with the writer who have dissimilar perspective if they could not understand the whole passage. In this case, the translator customs some strategies to make cultural words or phrases acceptable and intelligible by the readers even if they should change the original words but still carrying the equivalent messages. In short, the translation strategy for realia itself has a meaning that is a procedure which entails description about how translation problems confronted by the translator in translating realia are resolved.
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In relation with all of those explanations which are elaborated, this study focuses on analyzing the translation strategies for realia in abstract texts. The sources of data in this thesis are abstract texts which are collected from the students’ translation bureaus who take Translation II studies at English Language Education Department of UMM. Based on the preliminary studies, it was found that the translators at students’ translation bureaus have learnt about realia and uses some realia in translating kinds of texts. Therefore, the researcher is interested to conduct this research under the title “An Analysis on Translation Strategies for Realia in Translating Abstracts Applied by Students’ Translation Bureau at University of Muhammadiyah Malang” in order to find out whether the translators at students’ translation bureau use strategy in translating realia or not. In addition, the abstract texts are chosen as the object of this study because the researcher would like to investigate realia in academic or formal languages.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Based on the background of the study, some research problems are formulated:
1. What are the kinds of translation strategies for realia in translating abstracts employed by students’ translation bureau at University of Muhammadiyah Malang?
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1.3 Purposes of Study
The problems of this study raise the purposes of study below:
1. To investigate the kinds of translation strategies for realia used in translating abstract employed by students’ translation bureau at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
2. To discover the motives behind the choice of the most dominant strategy in translating abstract employed by students’ translation bureau at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
1.4 Significance of Study
This study is expected to be able to give contribution reference to several circumstances as follows:
1. For the students or translators
The outcome of this study is expected to be able to help them (students or translators) in enhancing their comprehending on translation studies particularly in translation strategies for realia.
2. For the lecturers
The result of this study is expected to expand lecturers’ knowledge in teaching translation studies, for instance as a data source in teaching translation especially about translation strategies for realia.
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This study is expected to be valuable for the next researchers who want to do similar study. Thus, it is expected to enlighten them as an additional reference mainly about translation strategies for realia.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope in this study is on the object that is abstract texts from various major or fields which are translated by students' translation bureau on English Language Education Departement at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Also, because the students in translation bureaus translate many abstracts every day and the researcher has limited time and energy, the researcher limits the abstract texts which were translated from October, 1st – 31st 2016.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
To avoid some misunderstanding, some key terms used in this study are defined as follows:
1. Translation is a process to organize or to replace a message of one language in the others language into the equivalent message (Rasyidie, et al. 2013:64). 2. Realia are “cultural-specific words or terminologies. It focuses on phenomena
or categorical concepts which are specific in one country or culture. For example, cafeteria (English) is translated into kafetaria (Bahasa Indonesia)” (Nurlaily, 2014).
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4. Abstract Text is a shortened version of a full scientific paper which describes a study and its result (Pierson, 2004:1206).
