i
AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION SHIFTS IN
TRANSLATING INDONESIAN SONGS INTO ENGLISH
MADE BY THE STUDENTS SPECIALIZING AT
TRANSLATION STUDIES OF UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
THESIS
By:
DWICKY FANDI SETYABUDI
201210100311147
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
ii
AN ANALYSIS ON THE TRANSLATION SHIFTS IN
TRANSLATING INDONESIAN SONGS INTO ENGLISH
MADE BY THE STUDENTS SPECIALIZING AT
TRANSLATION STUDIES OF UNIVERSITY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education.
By:
DWICKY FANDI SETYABUDI
201210100311147
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
v
MOTTOS
“Perfection never denies to which it will entail”
-Dwicky Fandi
Setyabudi-“Your success is the manifestation of your 99% effort and your 1% thinking”
-Albert
Einstein-“We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give” -Winston
Churchill-DEDICATIONS
This thesis is wholeheartedly dedicated to: My one and only angelic mom, Umi Yulistiani
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, all praises be upon Allah SWT, the God Almighty, the Most Gracious and Merciful, without which I personally could not be able to accomplish this thesis. In its final accomplishment, I am totally aware that this thesis is completely distant from the criteria of perfection because the old saying says,
“Perfect is an imperfection”. Therefore, I would be openly and kindly enthusiastic
to welcome any constructive and supportive comments, feedbacks, and suggestions in search of acquiring the significant betterment.
Prominently, I would like to express my wholehearted gratefulness and
appreciation to my first advisor, Ma’am Santi Prastiyowati, S.Pd., M.Pd. and my second advisor, Ma’am Rina Wahyu Setyaningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed. for their very nice
continual supports, advices, and patience in supportively guiding me accomplish this thesis thoroughly. Moreover, my great gratitude goes to my thesis examiners,
Ma’am Erly Wahyuni, M.Si. and Ma’am Rosalin Ismayoeng Gusdian, S.S., M.A.
for their beneficial suggestions and feedbacks so that I am allowed to make betterment in my undergraduate thesis.
In addition, I would like to express my most precious appreciation to my parents, both Umi Yulistiani and Abah Suyadi, who everlastingly provide me with the nice, faithful, and peaceful affections in this life. Besides, my great appreciation also goes to my sister, Bravita Prastyan Anggraeni, for her nice affection as well as attention wholeheartedly intended to me, her one and only brother. Besides, the great thankfulness is also addressed to my whole family for their unlimited supports.
ix
total helping. I would also like to proudly say ‘bunch of thanks’ to Ibu Siti Nurainun for morally supporting and advising me during the process of writing this thesis.
Furthermore, for my beloved collegial friends: Selvia Asintia Lufitasari, Akhyar Anadiansyah, Anik Hidayati, Putri Laili Indriani, Sahil Muhammad Ansori, Mawarita Rasyid, Nurcahyani, Donny Bhaskara Wicaksono, Tedy Bahtiar Kurniawan, Adi Rahmat Wijaya, Fathon Ali Bamu’alim, Muthii’ah Nuurhamid, Heni Siti Tasima, Diah Wahyuni Kartikasari, and all of members of Translation
Studies II class, I would like to say ‘thanks a lot’ for allowing me to be the part of
your daily life and for your willingness to share everything and to be my family during living in Malang.
Malang, May 3, 2016
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ... iii
MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS ... v
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ... vi
ABSTRACT ... vii
1.2 Statements of the Problem... 4
1.3 Purposes of the Study ... 5
1.4 Significances of the Study ... 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 6
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms ... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Translation ... 8
2.1.1 Concept of Translation ... 9
2.1.2 Translation Strategies ... 10
2.1.3 Types of Translation ... 11
2.2 Translatability and Untranslatability ... 13
2.3 Equivalence in Translation ... 15
2.4 Shift in Translation ... 17
2.4.1 Level Shift ... 18
2.4.2 Structure Shift ... 19
2.4.3 Class Shift ... 20
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2.4.5 Intra-System Shift ... 22
2.5 Problem in Literary Translation ... 23
2.6 Poetry and Song Translation ... 25
2.7 Indonesian Songs... 27
4.1.1 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at Songs Translation ... 37
4.1.1.1 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at Song 1 Translation . 37 4.1.1.2 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at Song 2 Translation . 41 4.1.1.3 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at Song 3 Translation . 45 4.1.1.4 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at Song 4 Translation . 48 4.1.2 The Reasons of Formulating Shifts in Songs Translation ... 53
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Original Versions of Indonesian Songs ... 67
Appendix 2 Translation Versions of Indonesian Songs ... 72
Appendix 3 Data Coding ... 77
Appendix 4 Data Analysis on the Kinds of Shifts in Translation Version of Song (Dekat di Hati song) ... 80
Appendix 5 Data Analysis on the Kinds of Shifts in Translation Version of Song 2 (1000 Tahun Lamanya song) ... 88
Appendix 6 Data Analysis on the Kinds of Shifts in Translation Version of Song 3 (Teman Hidup song) ... 95
Appendix 7 Data Analysis on the Kinds of Shifts in Translation Version of Song 4 (Terlalu Lama Sendiri song) ... 104
Appendix 8 Interview Guide of Song 1 Translator ... 117
Appendix 9 Interview Guide of Song 2 Translator ... 120
Appendix 10 Interview Guide of Song 3 Translator ... 123
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LIST OF THE TABLES
Table 3.5 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at Song Translation ... 35
Table 4.1 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at S1 Translation ... 38
Table 4.2 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at S2 Translation ... 41
Table 4.3 The Kinds of Shifts Occurring at S3 Translation ... 45
64 REFERENCES
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Al-Kazzam, Bakri & Al- Kharabsheh, Aladdin. 2011. Jordanian Folkloric Songsin Translation:
Mousa’s Song They Have Passed by Without a Company as a Case Study. Journal of META LVI, March 2011 (online), Volume 56, Number 1, page 557- 578
(available at: https://eis.hu.edu.jo/cv/10533.pdf, accessed on October 2015).
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Cho, Emily. 2003. Lost in Translation (Online). Available and downloadable at:
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Exploring the Reasons Why South Korean Students Come to a University in the Midwest. Published Thesis of Master of Arts Degree. Nebraska: University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Creswell, John W. 2009. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. United States of America: SAGE Publication, Inc.
Cyrus, Lea. 2006. Building Resource for Studying Translation Shifts. Proceeding of Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), May 24 (Online), page 1240-1245. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu, accessed on October 2015.
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65 Mack, Natasha et. al. 2005. Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide.
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1 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents some topics related to background of the study, statements of the problem, purposes of the study, significances of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Language hierarchically holds a pivotal role as a tool for supporting people to easily express their notions. As being stated by Wardhaugh (2006:1), language is what members of certain community speak. In other words, with language, people will freely and easily get involved to a social interaction and complete their nature as social creatures.
2 occasionally include all materials used within instructional activities, such as; textbooks, articles, journals, or even poems and songs for providing the
accomplishment of the literature subject’s needs.
Moreover, the role of literature in supporting English instructional activities has not been fully considered as that important. This is supported by Wahyuni (2014:64) who states, “Teachers often regards literature as an
inappropriate to the language classroom.” Therefore, by considering the importance of literature in supporting the language learning, it is of urgency to conduct a research regarding literature. Subsequently, this research is about to integrate literature with translation studies since translation is a discipline not only dealing with the language, but also the culture where the language is spoken. In addition, the use of literature in facilitating teachers to teach English also has a good impact for both, teachers and students, to improve the literary competence and to inquire more information related to the culture of which language they are learning (Lazar, 1993:12).
3
characteristic’s likeliness that is identically set up to mostly rhyme in each line of every single stanza or verse. Jakobson, cited in Cho (2003:1), argues that poetry belongs to the untranslatable text which can be only recreated through creative transpositions or shifts. Therefore, if people force themselves to translate those untranslatable texts, they must produce many shifts as they try to keep the translation versions as nicely rhyming as the original or untranslated ones.
Essentially, the focus in translation is not only about how to transfer the meaning from source to target text, but also how to give no difficulty to audiences for understanding the text better (Nida, 2001:2). However, the characteristic between one to another language is something indeed different. Moreover, the issue of shifts in translation seems to be one out of some main foci the prospective translators everlastingly face and should understand well.
4 possible solutions.” Hence, shift in translation itself truly helps the translators to avoid the loss of idea in translating certain patterns of texts.
Nevertheless, nowadays, the existence of shifts in translation tends to be neglected as the everlasting issues which should be dealt with comprehensively in Translation Studies (Cyrus, 2006:1). Thereafter, further information regarding translation shift is supposed to be able to educate the prospective translators to be more sensitive and to fully understand about what shift they have formulated and when they need to approximately formulate shift in their translation products. Moreover, this study will emphasize on the use of shifts in translating Indonesian songs into English by the students specializing at Translation Studies.
Previously, a research carried out by Prawita (2014:99) entitled Shifts in Translation of Complex Noun Phrase from English into Indonesian in Oprah has depicted that there are level, structure, and intra-system shifts occurring in the translation version and covering complex noun phrases. Besides, the occurrence of the unit and class shifts dominantly covers non-complex noun phrase. Furthermore, the factors affecting the occurrence of the shifts in the translation version of Oprah come from linguistic and cultural factors.
1.2 Statements of the Problem
In essence, this study is entailed by two statements of the problems. They are further formulated as follows:
5 2. What are the students’ reasons in formulating those kinds of shift in
translating Indonesian songs into English?
1.3 Purposes of the Study
The purposes of this study will be explained as follows:
1. To investigate the kinds of shift that are formulated by the students in translating Indonesian songs into English;
2. To identify the students’ reasons in formulating shifts to translate Indonesian songs into English.
1.4 Significances of the Study
For students, especially for prospective translators, this study is expected to expose beneficial and comprehensive knowledge in regards to the issues of shifts in translation so that they are expected to be well-prepared and eligibly knowledgeable. For teachers and lecturers, it is supposed to broaden their knowledge related to shifts so that they are able to give a perfectly comprehensive explanation in search of properly educating students to be professional translators. Moreover, for university, this study is completely supposed to be able to contribute to providing the need of translation studies as well as poetry and prose subject matters. In addition, since the university still opens the learning program for foreign students, this can be used for teaching them by means of exposing how Indonesian songs are alike if they are translated into English, particularly in terms
6
At last, for next researchers, this study is supposed to brainstorm their understanding regarding concepts of shifts in translation. Besides, it is also expected to give a vision for piloting coming study related to shifts formulated in other translation products.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study focuses on investigating the kinds of shifts under
category shifts, covering structure, class, unit, and intra-system shifts, and also identifying the reasons of formulating the shifts. Meanwhile, the investigation is limited only to Indonesian songs that had been translated into English by the students specializing at Translation Studies.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In addition to avoid a misunderstanding regarding abovementioned concepts, the definition of key terms will be provided as follows:
a. Translation is a process of transferring meaning from the source texts covered
by foreign language to the audiences’ languages covering the target texts.
b. Translation Shift is some changes or deviations that may occur in translation process. It may be different in agreement, but still in the same receptive system (Cyrus, 2006:1).
