TENSE PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN TEXT MADE BY TRANSLATION STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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TENSE PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN TEXT MADE BY TRANSLATION STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY OF

MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

By:

ARIEF HADZIQ FIKRI 201110100311197

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

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TENSE PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN TEXT MADE BY TRANSLATION STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY OF

MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

ARIEF HADZIQ FIKRI 201110100311197

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillaahi Rabbil’aalamiin, the writer expresses his highest gratitude

to Allah SWT for his blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to complete

this thesis. Sholawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad SAW who had delivered

the truth to human beings in general and Moslem in particular.

In arranging this thesis, many people have provided motivation, advice,

support, even remark that had helped the writer. In this valuable chance, the writer

aims to express his gratitude and appreciation to all of them.

1. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum. as the first advisor who had patiently

guided the writer in arranging this thesis twice a week. She had given the

writer motivation, correction, sources, valuable and precious advice to the

writer in analyzing and finishing this thesis.

2. Kairuddin, M.Pd. as the second advisor who had friendly guided the writer in

accomplishing this thesis. He had provided his patient, kind, advice, sources,

correction and motivation to the writer so this thesis can be done well.

3. The writer’s best friends, mas Yopy, Rizki and Khoiriyah who had been the non-officially third advisor for the writer. They had freely given the writer

support, advice, correction, sources, motivation and valuable time to get done

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4. The writer’s friends who had been the volunteer in translating the text. They had translated the English into Indonesian text so the writer could analyze

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TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER ... i

APPROVAL ... iii

LEGALIZATION ... iv

MOTO AND DEDICATION ... v

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ... vi

ABSTRACTS ... vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the study ... 1

1.2Statements of the problem ... 5

1.3Purposes of the study ... 5

1.4Significances of the study ... 5

1.5Scope and limitation ... 6

1.6Definition of key terms ... 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Translation ... 7

2.1.1 Kinds of translation ... 8

2.1.1.1 Interlingual translation ... 8

2.1.1.2 Intralingual translation ... 8

2.1.1.3 Intersemiotic translation ... 9

2.1.2 Translation problems ... 10

2.1.2.1 Equivalence problems ... 10

2.1.3 Translation approaches ... 15

2.1.2.1 The approaches closest to the source language ... 15

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CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research design ... 17

3.2 Objects of the study ... 18

3.3 Research instrument ... 18

3.3.1 Document analysis ... 19

3.4 Data collection ... 19

3.5 Data analysis ... 20

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 1.1 Research findings ... 21

1.1.1 The kinds of tense problems made by students ... 21

4.1.1.1 Tenses ... 21

4.1.2 The most dominant tense problem made by students ... 25

4.2 Discussion ... 27

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Conclusion ... 30

4.2 Suggestions ... 30

REFERENCES ... 32

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TABLE OF APPENDIX

Appendix 1

The source text that would be translated by students ... 37

Appendix 2 Students’ translation product (student 1) ... 41

Students’ translation product (student 2) ... 46

Appendix 3 Students’ tense problem (student 1) ... 84

Students’ tense problem (student 2) ... 85

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REFERENCES

Ary, Donald. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education, Eighth Edition. Canada: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar,

Third Edition. USA: Longman.

Baker, Mona. 1992. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. London: Routledge.

Bassnett, Susan. 2002. Translation Studies, Third Edition. London and New York: Goutledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press.

Das, Bijay Kumar. 2008. A Handbook of Translation Studies. Delhi: Nice Printing Press.

Hornby, AS. 1975. Guide to Patterns and Usage in Enlish. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Jakobson, Roman. 2000. On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mikula, Maja. 2008. Key Concepts In Cultural Studies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Nababan, M. Rudolf. 2008. Teori Menerjemah Bahasa Inggris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

Nida, Eugene A. 1982. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Netherlands: Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Richards, Jack C. and Schmidt, Richard. 2010. Dictionary of Language Teaching

and Applied Linguistics, Fourth Edition. Great Britain: Longman Pearson.

Schjoldager, Anne. 2008. Understanding Translation, First Edition. Denmark: Gyldendal Akademisk Group

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter covers some topics. They are background of the study,

statements of problem, purposes of the study, significances of the study, scope

and limitation, and definition of key term.

1.1 Background of the study

Language is the system of communication in speech and writing that is

used by people. People communicate each other through language, both written

and spoken. According to Mikula (2008), language is the method of human

communication and expression, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of

words in structured and conventional way (p. 110).

There are many languages in the world. Since language is the method of

communication, people need translation to communicate with other people who

use different language. Furthermore, translation activity has been a part of

people’s need who are involved in bilingual communication. Therefore, language

and translation cannot be separated from each other. It is very important to study

about translation because every day many people interact with others who use

different language.

According to Bassnett (2002), translation means interpreting the source

language (SL) text into the target language (TL). It is to ensure that the meaning

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Besides, the core of translation is the delivery of message, meaning and idea from

the source language to the target language.

English education department at University of Muhammadiyah Malang is

one of English departments in Indonesia that is aware and concerned on

translation studies. Actually, there are three vocational courses in English

Education Department in this university that can be taken in the sixth semester by

students. They are English for Young Learners (EYL), Business English (BE) and

Translation Studies. Students at that semester must choose one of those courses.

Those three subjects are intended to create educated students with professional

skill to face the real life after graduated.

Like the other vocational courses, students who take translation

vocational course must do the apprenticeship. It is translation job training that

students have to deal with working in a group to establish translation service of

English and Indonesian. Therefore, students must translate any kinds of text. The

texts that are usually translated by the students are abstract, journal, article, a

piece of book, and announcement letters that depend on the clients’ request. This

training is purposed to apply students’ knowledge and skills that have been

acquired during the learning process. Furthermore, the students are expected to

take the values from the job training process in order to prepare for students itself

in the reality job in their life.

It is very common that in doing something, there must be some problems.

It also happened to the students at English Education Department at University of

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product, the researcher found some tense problems that need to be analyzed

significantly.

The researcher decided to analyze students’ translation product because

translation is the most important factor to convey the meaning of certain language

to other certain language. Furthermore, the researcher will only concern on the

tense problems because tenses are absolutely exist in every single sentence.

The researcher prefers to analyze translation texts from English into

Indonesian rather than the inverse one because of several reasons. The first reason

is the students’ opinions who study in English Education Department at

University of Muhammadiyah Malang. They said that they faced some problems

when they were translating English into Indonesian texts because they have to

comprehend the source language which is English that is also as foreign language

for them. Therefore, students must have much knowledge about English grammar

and vocabulary. The next reason is that students are lack of vocabulary,

terminologies, sentence structure and the few of translation experience.

Translation students of English department at University of

Muhammadiyah Malang are chosen as objects in this research because they have

learned about translation. They also had done the apprenticeship which is doing

the job training of translation for one semester in the sixth semester.

This research is not the only one research that analyzes about translation

problems. There are some researchers who analyzed the translation problems. One

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“Difficulties and Problems Faced by English Students at QOU in the Translation

Process from English to Arabic and Their solutions”.

However, there are several differences between Nakhallah’s research and

this research. First, Nakhallah analyzed on the difficulties and problems of

grammar while the writer only analyzes on the tense problems. Second, Nakhallah

applied an experimental descriptive method while the writer applies a descriptive

qualitative method. Third, he offered a test of translation while the writer did not.

Fourth, he selected a population and sample while the writer selects the subjects

of the study. Last, he decided to analyze on the students of English deparment

while the writer decided to analyze the students of English department who took

and concern on translation course.

Based on the background and previous study explained above, it can be

said that translation problems still occur frequently on the students even the

students who took vocational of translation. Those conditions above make the

students confused and tend to commit problems. Therefore, the researcher

believes that this case needs to be analyzed significantly in order to identify the

problems and find the most dominant problem. In the end, the researcher ended up

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1.2. Statements of problem

Based on the background of the study above, the researcher determines

that the statements of the problem are these following:

1. What tense problems are made by translation students at University of

Muhammadiyah Malang in translating English into Indonesian text?

2. What is the most dominant tense problem in translating English into

Indonesian text?

1.3. Purposes of the study

In view of background of the study and statements of problem above, the

researcher decides the purposes of the study as below:

1. To investigate the tense problems in translating English into Indonesian text

made by translation students at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. To find the most dominant tense problems in translating English into

Indonesian text.

1.4. Significances of the study

The result of this study is expected to give the contributions to the

English Language Education Department students especially for translation

students. By knowing the tense problems, students would like to be more careful

in translating the words and they could minimize the problems to get the good

arrangement of words. Besides, this research is also expected to general people

who want to study about translation so they can avoid the problems based on this

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Furthermore, by knowing tense problems, the researcher hopes that the

learners could take the advantages from this research and do not repeat the

problems anymore. Besides, the researcher believes that the fewer problems found

on learners, the more translation knowledge they acquire. Moreover, this research

is also helpful for translation students in terms of enrichment of translation skill,

decreasing problems in translation, problems solving for translation and bringing

students to a higher level proficiency of translation.

1.5. Scope and limitation

The scope of this study is translation problems in translating English into

Indonesian text. Furthermore, the limitation of this research is only the translation

problems that categorized as tense problem.

1.6. Definition of key terms

In order to avoid the misunderstanding and give the easy comprehension

in this study, the researcher provides the definition of key term as follow:

1. Translation: rendering the source language (SL) text into the target language

(TL). (Bassnett, 2014: 14)

2. Problem: undermining an established way of thinking about things by

analyzing a concept or ideologywhich was previously taken for granted.

(Richards and Schmidt, 2010: 157)

3. Tense: a verb or series of verb forms used to express a time relation.