WEB BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS) FOR
EVALUATING MINING COMPANY PERFORMANCE
BASED ON QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
By
Iksal Yanuarsyah
G.051030011
GRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
2005
I, Mr. Iksal Yanuarsyah, herewith declare the thesis title:
Web Based Decision Support System (DSS) For Evaluating Mining
Company Performance Based on Quantitative Parameters
Contains correct results come in from my own work and it has not been
published ever before. All data sources and information have used factual and
clear methods in this research has been examined for its factualness.
Bogor, October 2005
Iksal Yanuarsyah
IKSAL YANUARSYAH, Web Based Decision Support System (DSS) For Evaluating Mining Company Performance Based On Quantitative Parameters. Under the direction of KUDANG B. SEMINAR and IDUNG RISDIYANTO.
Objective assessment for company performance can be conducted comprehensively of obedience and implementation of good mining practice aspects, and transparently with involving stakeholders. Mining Integrative and Comprehensive Evaluation System development is expected to assess company performance considering good mining practice which has several evaluation criteria formulated with parameters and variables in mining activity aspects, performance evaluation of mining company can be obtained using decision support system (DSS) approach. Consider to good mining practice, the processes of evaluation mining company performance will be visualized through internet or
World Wide Web (WWW) suppose that stakeholders as decision makers or web users faced those information up to date with any kinds of procedures such user log in, data input, data query, weighting variables and data output as integrative and comprehensive information and interactively.
The objective of this study is to construct mining company evaluation system based on quantitative parameters (MICES-Quan) through web in term of good mining practice. The scope of research is around mining company (mine or coal) with subject of mining parameters consider to mining engineering and mining environment protection, the operation phases refers only to production or exploitation phase and the time / period of evaluation will be conducted in each year of production (exploitation) or in each three months (quarterly) of production (exploitation).
This research architecture consists of four tiers such web client (1), web server (2), application server (3) and DBMS server (4). This research used perspective analysis and weighting and scoring also system development implementation through prototype visualization.
Based on the result, there have several input variables (i.e. air quality monitoring, water quality monitoring, production and processing, environment cost and mining operation) which are important influence to the other variables (i.e. cutting, cover soil peeling, shipping, reserve addition, washing and purifying, reclamation stockpile, mining environment, and sprout soil peeling). Scoring and weighting gave a systematic calculation of parameters to achieve the final evaluation. The result of MICES-Quan implementation consists of database implementation, DSS Tool implementation, and web implementation. The combination and connectivity is running well with local server test-drive.
This evaluation system can be used as an alternative way o evaluate company performance with proposed system offer integrated way of evaluating considering quantitative parameters.
W
EB
B
ASED
D
ECISION
S
UPPORT
S
YSTEM
(DSS)
F
OR
E
VALUATING
M
INING
C
OMPANY
P
ERFORMANCE
B
ASED
ON
Q
UANTITATIVE
P
ARAMETERS
Iksal Yanuarsyah
A Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science Of Bogor Agricultural University
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Research Title : Web Based Decision Support System (DSS) For Evaluating Mining Company Performance Based on Quantitative Parameters
Student Name : Iksal Yanuarsyah
Student ID : G.051030011 / MIT
Study Program : Master in Information Technology for Natural Resources Management
Thesis approved by the Advisory Board:
Dr. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc Ir. Idung Risdiyanto, MSc Supervisor Co-supervisor
Chairman of Study Program Director for the Graduate Program
Dr. Ir. Tania June Prof. Dr. Ir. Syafrida Manuwoto, M.Sc
CURRICULUM VITAE
Iksal Yanuarsyah was born in Sumbawa Besar, West
Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia at January 28, 1980. He
received his undergraduate diploma from Bogor
Agricultural University in 2003 in the field of Forest
Product Technology.
In the year of 2003, Iksal Yanuarsyah received his Post Graduate Diploma in
Information Technology for Natural Resources Management and Master of
Science in Information Technology for Natural Resources Management from
Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia in 2004 and 2005 respectively. His
thesis title was on “Web Based Decision Support System (DSS) For
Evaluating Mining Company Performance Based on Quantitative
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of this research would not have been possible if not through the
kind assistance and technical support of several individual and organization.
First of all I would like to grateful thanks to Allah SWT who The Most
Merciful and Gracious for blazing me, and allowing me to complete my study.
I would like to express my special appreciation to the following for their
invaluable contributions at all stages towards and finishing this thesis, Dr. Kudang
B. Seminar, MSc, my primary supervisor who offered me excellent guidance and
useful ideas and Ir. Idung Risdiyanto, MSc, the co-supervisor for his constructive
discussions, I have the state of the art of decision making on this thesis focuses.
I would like to specially thank to my external examiner supervisor, Dr.
Handoko who spent his time in seminar, and gave suggestions in my paper.
I would like to specially thank to experts who work in mining engineering
and environment observer such coming from mineral and coal technique director,
mining engineering director, mining environment director, and environment
consulting for their expertise and information.
I deeply appreciate the effort of MIT staff. I specially appreciate to MIT
colleagues for giving me encouragement and supporting, Andes Jayarsa, MSc, Ir.
Dede I. Suhendra, Ir. Efo Hadi, Natresc Experts, My Classmate (Mr. Sumaryono
and friends), all MIT students and “jojo”(wherever u exist).
Finally, my special gratitude is also extended to my lovely Mom “Salmah
M. Nur”, Dad “Abdul Hakik Yahas, S.SOs”, Brother “Syarafuddin” and Sisters
“Aliyah Nursanti” and “Yuni Trihasti Pertiwi”, for their prayers, understanding,
moral support, patience, encouragement, and everything.
Iksal Yanuarsyah
LIST OF CONTENT
Page
List of Content ... vii
List of Figure ... ix
List of Table ... x
List of Appendixes ... xi
I. INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1. BACKGROUND ... 1
1.2. OBJECTIVE ... 5
1.3. SCOPE OF RESEARCH ... 5
II. LITERATURE REVIEW ... 7
2.1. GOOD MINING PRACTICE ... 7
2.1.1. Mining Engineering ... 8
2.1.1.1. Exploration ... 8
2.1.1.2. Stipulating of Reserves ... 9
2.1.1.3. Geo-technique Study ... 9
2.1.1.4. Hydrogeology Study ... 10
2.1.1.5. Feasibility Study ... 10
2.1.1.6. Mine Planning ... 10
2.1.1.7. Processing / Purification ... 11
2.1.1.8. Metallurgy Study ... 11
2.1.1.9. Bulk Sampling ... 11
2.1.2. Mining Environment Protection ... 12
2.1.3. Mining Added Value (PNT) ... 12
2.1.4. Mining Standardization ... 13
2.2. DECISION SUPORT SYSTEM ... 14
2.3. INFORMATION SYSTEM ... 15
2.4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ... 17
2.5. INTERNET ... 18
2.5.1. Internet Definition ... 18
2.5.2. Basic Component of Internet ... 19
2.5.2.1. The Client ... 19
2.5.2.2. Web Server ... 20
2.5.2.3. Application Server ... 20
2.5.2.4. Data Server ... 21
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 22
3.1. TIME AND LOCATION OF STUDY ... 22
3.2. TYPE OF DATA AND SOURCES ... 22
3.3. METHODS ... 23
3.3.1. System Development Method ... 23
3.3.2. User Need Analysis ... 26
3.3.3. Component Identification ... 27
3.3.3.1. Parameter Identification ... 27
3.3.4. Decision Support System Analysis ... 33
3.3.4.1. Perspective Analysis ... 34
3.3.4.2. Weighting and Scoring ... 35
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION... 39
4.1. ANALYSIS OF DATABASE DESIGN ... 39
4.1.1. Database Design ... 39
a. Process Modeling ... 39
b. Conceptual Model ... 41
c. Logical Model ... 43
d. Physical Model ... 44
4.1.2. User Interface Design ... 46
4.1.3. Web Design ... 47
4.2. ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM EVALUATION ... 50
4.1.1. Perspective analysis ... 50
4.1.2. Weighing and Scoring ... 51
4.3. IMPLEMENTATION ... 54
V. CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 63
5.1. CONCLUSIONS ... 63
5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS ... 63
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1 Good mining practice paradigm (Suyartono, 2003) ... 8
Figure 2.2 Mining accident data (Suyartono, 2003) ... 12
Figure 2.3 Information system components (O’Brien, 1999) ... 16
Figure 2.4 System Development Life Cycle (O’Brien, 1999) ... 17
Figure 2.5 Prototyping development stages (O’Brien, 1999) ... 18
Figure 2.6 Basic components in Internet GIS (Peng and Tsou, 2003) ... 19
Figure 3.1 Interest area of research ... 22
Figure 3.2 Research scheme ... 24
Figure 3.3 Current system of evaluating mining company performance .... 25
Figure 3.4 Proposed system for evaluating mining performance ... 26
Figure 3.5 DSS scheme of mining performance evaluation ... 33
Figure 3.6 Illustration of influenced factor in quadrant ... 35
Figure 3.7 Architecture of system design ... 37
Figure 3.8 Architecture of web communication process ... 38
Figure 3.9 Web event identification process ... 38
Figure 4.1 MICES-Quan Context Diagram ... 40
Figure 4.2 MICES-Quan DFD Level 1 ... 41
Figure 4.3 MICES-Quan ERD ... 42
Figure 4.4 MICES-Quan information hierarchy ... 48
Figure 4.5 MICES-Quan web design interface ...49
Figure 4.6 Interest level of illustration ... 51
Figure 4.7 My SQL interface ... 55
Figure 4.8 Database sample creation ... 55
Figure 4.9 List of MICES-Quan database ... 56
Figure 4.10 MICES-Quan web “front” interface ...57
Figure 4.11 Mining company performance ... 57
Figure 4.12 Mining company login ... 58
Figure 4.13 Mining company browse data ... 58
Figure 4.14 Mining company adding data ... 59
Figure 4.15 Architecture of system design ... 59
Figure 4.16 evaluation and database stored ... 60
Figure 4.17 MICES-Quan DSS Tool ...61
WEB BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS) FOR
EVALUATING MINING COMPANY PERFORMANCE
BASED ON QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS
By
Iksal Yanuarsyah
G.051030011
GRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
2005
I, Mr. Iksal Yanuarsyah, herewith declare the thesis title:
Web Based Decision Support System (DSS) For Evaluating Mining
Company Performance Based on Quantitative Parameters
Contains correct results come in from my own work and it has not been
published ever before. All data sources and information have used factual and
clear methods in this research has been examined for its factualness.
Bogor, October 2005
Iksal Yanuarsyah
IKSAL YANUARSYAH, Web Based Decision Support System (DSS) For Evaluating Mining Company Performance Based On Quantitative Parameters. Under the direction of KUDANG B. SEMINAR and IDUNG RISDIYANTO.
Objective assessment for company performance can be conducted comprehensively of obedience and implementation of good mining practice aspects, and transparently with involving stakeholders. Mining Integrative and Comprehensive Evaluation System development is expected to assess company performance considering good mining practice which has several evaluation criteria formulated with parameters and variables in mining activity aspects, performance evaluation of mining company can be obtained using decision support system (DSS) approach. Consider to good mining practice, the processes of evaluation mining company performance will be visualized through internet or
World Wide Web (WWW) suppose that stakeholders as decision makers or web users faced those information up to date with any kinds of procedures such user log in, data input, data query, weighting variables and data output as integrative and comprehensive information and interactively.
The objective of this study is to construct mining company evaluation system based on quantitative parameters (MICES-Quan) through web in term of good mining practice. The scope of research is around mining company (mine or coal) with subject of mining parameters consider to mining engineering and mining environment protection, the operation phases refers only to production or exploitation phase and the time / period of evaluation will be conducted in each year of production (exploitation) or in each three months (quarterly) of production (exploitation).
This research architecture consists of four tiers such web client (1), web server (2), application server (3) and DBMS server (4). This research used perspective analysis and weighting and scoring also system development implementation through prototype visualization.
Based on the result, there have several input variables (i.e. air quality monitoring, water quality monitoring, production and processing, environment cost and mining operation) which are important influence to the other variables (i.e. cutting, cover soil peeling, shipping, reserve addition, washing and purifying, reclamation stockpile, mining environment, and sprout soil peeling). Scoring and weighting gave a systematic calculation of parameters to achieve the final evaluation. The result of MICES-Quan implementation consists of database implementation, DSS Tool implementation, and web implementation. The combination and connectivity is running well with local server test-drive.
This evaluation system can be used as an alternative way o evaluate company performance with proposed system offer integrated way of evaluating considering quantitative parameters.
W
EB
B
ASED
D
ECISION
S
UPPORT
S
YSTEM
(DSS)
F
OR
E
VALUATING
M
INING
C
OMPANY
P
ERFORMANCE
B
ASED
ON
Q
UANTITATIVE
P
ARAMETERS
Iksal Yanuarsyah
A Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science Of Bogor Agricultural University
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Research Title : Web Based Decision Support System (DSS) For Evaluating Mining Company Performance Based on Quantitative Parameters
Student Name : Iksal Yanuarsyah
Student ID : G.051030011 / MIT
Study Program : Master in Information Technology for Natural Resources Management
Thesis approved by the Advisory Board:
Dr. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc Ir. Idung Risdiyanto, MSc Supervisor Co-supervisor
Chairman of Study Program Director for the Graduate Program
Dr. Ir. Tania June Prof. Dr. Ir. Syafrida Manuwoto, M.Sc
CURRICULUM VITAE
Iksal Yanuarsyah was born in Sumbawa Besar, West
Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia at January 28, 1980. He
received his undergraduate diploma from Bogor
Agricultural University in 2003 in the field of Forest
Product Technology.
In the year of 2003, Iksal Yanuarsyah received his Post Graduate Diploma in
Information Technology for Natural Resources Management and Master of
Science in Information Technology for Natural Resources Management from
Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia in 2004 and 2005 respectively. His
thesis title was on “Web Based Decision Support System (DSS) For
Evaluating Mining Company Performance Based on Quantitative
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of this research would not have been possible if not through the
kind assistance and technical support of several individual and organization.
First of all I would like to grateful thanks to Allah SWT who The Most
Merciful and Gracious for blazing me, and allowing me to complete my study.
I would like to express my special appreciation to the following for their
invaluable contributions at all stages towards and finishing this thesis, Dr. Kudang
B. Seminar, MSc, my primary supervisor who offered me excellent guidance and
useful ideas and Ir. Idung Risdiyanto, MSc, the co-supervisor for his constructive
discussions, I have the state of the art of decision making on this thesis focuses.
I would like to specially thank to my external examiner supervisor, Dr.
Handoko who spent his time in seminar, and gave suggestions in my paper.
I would like to specially thank to experts who work in mining engineering
and environment observer such coming from mineral and coal technique director,
mining engineering director, mining environment director, and environment
consulting for their expertise and information.
I deeply appreciate the effort of MIT staff. I specially appreciate to MIT
colleagues for giving me encouragement and supporting, Andes Jayarsa, MSc, Ir.
Dede I. Suhendra, Ir. Efo Hadi, Natresc Experts, My Classmate (Mr. Sumaryono
and friends), all MIT students and “jojo”(wherever u exist).
Finally, my special gratitude is also extended to my lovely Mom “Salmah
M. Nur”, Dad “Abdul Hakik Yahas, S.SOs”, Brother “Syarafuddin” and Sisters
“Aliyah Nursanti” and “Yuni Trihasti Pertiwi”, for their prayers, understanding,
moral support, patience, encouragement, and everything.
Iksal Yanuarsyah
LIST OF CONTENT
Page
List of Content ... vii
List of Figure ... ix
List of Table ... x
List of Appendixes ... xi
I. INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1. BACKGROUND ... 1
1.2. OBJECTIVE ... 5
1.3. SCOPE OF RESEARCH ... 5
II. LITERATURE REVIEW ... 7
2.1. GOOD MINING PRACTICE ... 7
2.1.1. Mining Engineering ... 8
2.1.1.1. Exploration ... 8
2.1.1.2. Stipulating of Reserves ... 9
2.1.1.3. Geo-technique Study ... 9
2.1.1.4. Hydrogeology Study ... 10
2.1.1.5. Feasibility Study ... 10
2.1.1.6. Mine Planning ... 10
2.1.1.7. Processing / Purification ... 11
2.1.1.8. Metallurgy Study ... 11
2.1.1.9. Bulk Sampling ... 11
2.1.2. Mining Environment Protection ... 12
2.1.3. Mining Added Value (PNT) ... 12
2.1.4. Mining Standardization ... 13
2.2. DECISION SUPORT SYSTEM ... 14
2.3. INFORMATION SYSTEM ... 15
2.4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ... 17
2.5. INTERNET ... 18
2.5.1. Internet Definition ... 18
2.5.2. Basic Component of Internet ... 19
2.5.2.1. The Client ... 19
2.5.2.2. Web Server ... 20
2.5.2.3. Application Server ... 20
2.5.2.4. Data Server ... 21
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 22
3.1. TIME AND LOCATION OF STUDY ... 22
3.2. TYPE OF DATA AND SOURCES ... 22
3.3. METHODS ... 23
3.3.1. System Development Method ... 23
3.3.2. User Need Analysis ... 26
3.3.3. Component Identification ... 27
3.3.3.1. Parameter Identification ... 27
3.3.4. Decision Support System Analysis ... 33
3.3.4.1. Perspective Analysis ... 34
3.3.4.2. Weighting and Scoring ... 35
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION... 39
4.1. ANALYSIS OF DATABASE DESIGN ... 39
4.1.1. Database Design ... 39
a. Process Modeling ... 39
b. Conceptual Model ... 41
c. Logical Model ... 43
d. Physical Model ... 44
4.1.2. User Interface Design ... 46
4.1.3. Web Design ... 47
4.2. ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM EVALUATION ... 50
4.1.1. Perspective analysis ... 50
4.1.2. Weighing and Scoring ... 51
4.3. IMPLEMENTATION ... 54
V. CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 63
5.1. CONCLUSIONS ... 63
5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS ... 63
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1 Good mining practice paradigm (Suyartono, 2003) ... 8
Figure 2.2 Mining accident data (Suyartono, 2003) ... 12
Figure 2.3 Information system components (O’Brien, 1999) ... 16
Figure 2.4 System Development Life Cycle (O’Brien, 1999) ... 17
Figure 2.5 Prototyping development stages (O’Brien, 1999) ... 18
Figure 2.6 Basic components in Internet GIS (Peng and Tsou, 2003) ... 19
Figure 3.1 Interest area of research ... 22
Figure 3.2 Research scheme ... 24
Figure 3.3 Current system of evaluating mining company performance .... 25
Figure 3.4 Proposed system for evaluating mining performance ... 26
Figure 3.5 DSS scheme of mining performance evaluation ... 33
Figure 3.6 Illustration of influenced factor in quadrant ... 35
Figure 3.7 Architecture of system design ... 37
Figure 3.8 Architecture of web communication process ... 38
Figure 3.9 Web event identification process ... 38
Figure 4.1 MICES-Quan Context Diagram ... 40
Figure 4.2 MICES-Quan DFD Level 1 ... 41
Figure 4.3 MICES-Quan ERD ... 42
Figure 4.4 MICES-Quan information hierarchy ... 48
Figure 4.5 MICES-Quan web design interface ...49
Figure 4.6 Interest level of illustration ... 51
Figure 4.7 My SQL interface ... 55
Figure 4.8 Database sample creation ... 55
Figure 4.9 List of MICES-Quan database ... 56
Figure 4.10 MICES-Quan web “front” interface ...57
Figure 4.11 Mining company performance ... 57
Figure 4.12 Mining company login ... 58
Figure 4.13 Mining company browse data ... 58
Figure 4.14 Mining company adding data ... 59
Figure 4.15 Architecture of system design ... 59
Figure 4.16 evaluation and database stored ... 60
Figure 4.17 MICES-Quan DSS Tool ...61
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 3.1 General company information ...31
Table 3.2 MySQL 1.3 limitation ... 32
Table 4.1 MICES-Quan logical data model ... 43
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Page
I.
INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND
Mining is the effort in carrying out mine resources in order to produce
valuable product and useful in term of human life necessity manner. In broadest
term, it means obtaining process of minerals from earth’s glaze, includi ng the
excavation in surface and underground area with using technology development to
raise up the economic valuation of the usefulness. Young (1951) states that
mining field concerning with discovering and extracting of ores and naturally
occurring mineral substances that economically useful.
As one kind of natural resources, mining is classified into a nonrenewable
resource with finite number of identified reserve or earth’s deposit which is
producing in present time. In other word, mining might be classified as a
renewable caused by the resource invention from marginal deposit. Mining is
divided into two major classes such minerals and coal. Most minerals are
correlated to mineral deposit, which is formed within rocks and coal as dirty fuel
which can be extracted for producing energy sources.
Mining activities in Indonesia have been developed since 19th centuries. It
started with discovering sites and estimating the potential deposit of mineral
materials and coal material. Several activities are followed such exploration,
feasibility study, construction, and exploitation or production. Along with the
activity, government tried to explore their knowledge to construct the national
regulation for mining activities. It was used for starting mining industry
development in Indonesia and also to maintain right and duty of mining company
In the beginning periods after national independence in 1945, the
Indonesian government had lacked capital and budget preparation to rise up the
development in whole part of Indonesia archipelago. Therefore, government gave
the opportunity for foreign investor either domestic to invest their finance in
several sectors such as forestry industry, agriculture industry, transportation and
communication industry, construction, and mining industry is one major sector
that can produce mineral product and energy material. Thus, further hope those
can produce saleable product beneficially for national income.
Mining industry development needs technology, skills, and huge amount
of capital, so that it is hard and getting difficulties for Indonesia which growing up
to explore mineral resources with their own capabilities (Suyartono, 2003).
Nowadays, Technology might become one substantial factor in mining industry,
mainly as it influences the costs of mineral extraction and purification processing.
The quality and price of mining products are affected from international market
trading and also related with world consumption of it.
Technology and social changes can also increases in the costs of
extraction. Recently environmental regulations have required changes in mining
techniques to minimize environmental disruption. These changes have increased
the cost of extraction, thus decreasing reserves (Cutter et al, 1991). According to
Suyartono (2003) along with time, the technology development and the invention
comes up with pressing of processing cost and metal grade extraction and mineral
higher than cost rise effect consequence from moving down of grade rate. For
thus the price of copper and its production costs are falling down with various
cycles.
The concept of general mining industry is mine industry which is produce
metal, industry entrenchment (non-metal) and coal (energy) also geothermal;
emphasizing of “democracy, justice and equal distribution” issues that involves
intra generation and inter generation. This concept might be implemented as good
as long with involving any kind of stakeholder in partnership optimality manner
(Suyartono, 2003).
Good mining practice implementation will avoid a negative environment
cases either cases of social community. Environment based management of
mining industry should has a pay attention to the principle of work health and
safety, environmental impact analysis, added value, community development,
standardization, mined closing, and legal aspect. Within these implementations, it
can avoid the wasting of mineral and coal resources, reserve or deposit optimality,
environment functions protection, and work health and safety guaranteed.
It has the occasion to give an appreciation form for company of mining
which have run correct and good mining method. Objective assessment for
company performance can be conducted comprehensively of obedience and
implementation of good mining practice aspects, and transparently with involving
stakeholders. It needs the assessment system throughout accommodative and
adequateness.
Mining Integrative and Comprehensive Evaluation System development is
expected to assess company performance considering good mining practice time
network of internet by interactively. Mining company can conduct the reporting
of obligation of on schedule, which evaluated directly and quickly by government
officer center either local government, and also society and experts who can
conduct the assessment and evaluation objectively. Therefore, it will very lighten
government in specifying the company criterion with obeying standard, criterion,
norm, and also law and regulation applying well for getting award and or sanction.
Consider to good mining practice, which has several evaluation criterion
formulated with parameters and variables in mining activity aspects, performance
evaluation of mining company can be obtained using decision support system
(DSS) approach. Within decision support system, all variables in each parameter
will manage through data processing methods to produce recommendations that
performs and helps decision makers find out the end result of the performance. It
means that DSS make easier in determining a system for evaluation and managing
parameters to achieve the goal of decision maker.
The processes of evaluation mining company performance will be
visualized through internet or World Wide Web (WWW) suppose that
stakeholders as decision makers or web users faced those information up to date
with any kinds of procedures such user log in, data input, data query, weighting
variables and data output as integrative and comprehensive information and
interactively. Due to increasing of the number of company who involve in mining
business and need more data have to be collected in short time procedures.
Thereby, web system is a best choice to solve those procedures with simple and
1.2. OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this research are to construct mining company evaluation
system based on quantitative parameters (MICES-Quan) through web in term of
good mining practice. Details of objectives are follows as
1. To conduct evaluation performances of mining company in certain period
considering quantitative parameters of good mining practice (mining
engineering and mining environment monitoring).
2. To provide web based decision support system for evaluating mining
company performance with the graphical user interface. It is expected that
the evaluation process will run faster.
3. To improve user awareness of their participation in order to raise of
education people in undertaking any decision support related to mining
company compliance through web.
1.3. SCOPE OF RESEARCH
Mining activities categorized into a huge scale industrial activity with
providing much amount of capital, complex infrastructures, heavy equipments,
and recruit large number of employers. The existing of these activities will spread
out the opportunity for other supporting sectors such local employer hiring sector,
local commerce sector, and local community added value.
In another side of mining activities by using open pit technique or
underground mining, explore mineral resources with open land clearing or land
exploitation consideration. This activity will affect to the ecosystem balancing
concession. It also infected to socio and culture community who receive the
impact directly.
The scope of this research is around mine subject in term of public mining
performance where it will take several kinds of mining company having been
activated in Indonesia territorial as a prototypes or samples. According to
problems faced mining activity, integrated mining management is needed as long
as obeying good mining practice consideration. By doing so, several quantitative
parameters of good mining practice include environment quality assessment and
mining engineering as the urgent aspects are being monitored. This management
handling is evaluated by using comprehensive evaluation involving stakeholder to
accomplish the assessment. Therefore, several assumptions that used as constrain
of this research follow:
1. Subject of mining parameters consider to mining engineering and mining
environment protection.
2. The scope of operation phases in this research refers only to production or
exploitation phase.
3. The time / period of evaluation will be conducted in each year of production
(exploitation) or in each three months (quarterly) of production
(exploitation).
II.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Developing of web based decision support system for mining company
performance evaluation needs fundamental building theory to stretch the system
thinking of building thesis structure.
2.1. GOOD MINING PRACTICE
Minerals are substances that come from earth, either from solid rocks or
from soils and other deposits (Cutter et al, 1991). Mineral used to indicate any
naturally occurring substance of definite composition and consistent physical
properties. In a restricted sense the miner uses it to designate a valuable
nonmetalliferous substance (Young, 1951). A mineral is generally defined as any
naturally occurring substance of definite chemical composition and consistent
physical properties. An ore is a mineral or combination of minerals from which a
useful substance, such as a metal, can be extracted and marketed at a price that
will recover the costs of mining and processing and yield a profit (Encarta, 2005).
Coal, a combustible organic rock composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen. Coal is burned to produce energy and is used to manufacture steel.
It is also an important source of chemicals used to make medicine, fertilizers,
pesticides, and other products. Coal comes from ancient plants buried over
millions of years in Earth’s c rust, its outermost layer (Encarta, 2005). Coal is the
most abundant fossil fuel in the world, with reserves far exceeding those of oil or
natural gas (Cutter et al, 1991).
The concept of general mining industry is that mineral mining industry
which produces metal, industry excavation material (non-metal) and energy (coal)
even distribution” that must involve between generation and intergeneration. This
concept can only be done very well if we involve stakeholder interest optimally in
the form of association. Practice paradigm in good mining practice (Figure 2.1)
develops civilization as a mining activity that fulfills requirements, criteria,
principles and norms appropriately so that the exploitation of mineral resources
[image:30.612.201.436.233.433.2]can bring an optimal outcome and minimize the bad effect.
Figure 2.1. Good mining practice paradigm (Suyartono, 2003)
2.1.1. Mining Engineering
Their planning and implementation of correct and good mining techniques
make one of the primary factors for the creation of optimality enterprising of
mining of public. All components or aspects in mining activity required to study,
to be planned and put across, because each aspect to each other are relevant and
influencing economics and fluency of mining marketable, as well as influencing
well their guaranteed safety of mining, the looking after of environment and also
the make-up of prosperity of people especially which there is around mine
2.1.1.1. Exploration
The things required to paid attention in activity of exploration such active
effort permission, having mine technique head (mining inspector), exploration
program and equipments, socialization of exploration plan, compensatory of farm,
drilling, laboratory analysis, finishing required maps like map of geology, map of
contour, soil layer map, isopach map, geology report, and reporting to
governmental institution (Suyartono, 2003).
2.1.1.2. Stipulating of Reserves
The Reserve is specified into reserve predicted and reserve proven.
According to Suyartono (2003), reserve predicted is resource of established and
some of mineral resources measured which was storey; level confidence of
geology still lower so that economically, mining activity can be done. While
proven reserve is mineral resource measured which pursuant to mine feasibility
study, all relevant ness factors have fulfilled, so that mining can be conducted
economically.
2.1.1.3. Geo-technique Study
According to Suyartono (2003) for the agenda of mining planning method
and system and also the election of correct appliance, hence needed study of
geo-technique for purposing of determining bevel stability, ramp design, excavability,
blasting design, dig step estimation, dig dimension and design, strength of dig
materials and ore, entering hole design, heap design of waste, studying of bevel
trouble. As for some activities which need to be conducted in knowing
laboratory analysis, mapping, study of crack, influence of water, condition and
geology of hydrology.
Some studies of geo-technique which was often conducted in mining
industry for example: analysis and monitoring of bevel stability, audit of risk
analysis and geo-technique, buttress audit and design, model and characterization
of rock period (rock mass), and surface stabilization of land; ground,
geo-technique criteria for design mine and study of geo-geo-technique for feasibility study.
2.1.1.4. Hydrogeology Study
Suyartono (2003) states that study of hydrogeology depends of the
applying method and matter which is obliged to be conducted for the agenda of
knowing underground hydrology and surface hydrology, drying of mine, drainage
system, quality of water, porosity, zone of aquifer, water captured area, and mine
water management.
2.1.1.5. Feasibility Study
Scope in compilation of feasibility study cover some aspects such as
technical aspect, work health and safety (K3) aspect, environmental aspect,
economic aspect, social law aspect, mined out aspect, and other aspects
(Suyartono, 2003).
2.1.1.6. Mine Planning
Planning is determination of clauses, which must be fulfilled from
technique site and economics and also technical execution sequence from various
sub-activities, which must be executed for the agenda of reaching activity its
target (Suyartono, 2003). Furthermore Suyartono (2003) explain referee to the
amount of mine and reserves, stripping ratio, maximum boundary deepness of
mine, cutting grade off, influence of geology structure, ladder dimension, slice
system, dig materials value, production cost, and determination of medium
activity of mine.
2.1.1.7. Processing / Purification
Processing and or purification are important aspect here in after mining.
This aspect is important also to be planned and executed correctly because how
optimal even also their execution of mining, if processing process / purification
making that dig materials not saleable sold, for or less optimal and effective,
hence earnings of result activity of mine as a whole also become less optimal. For
that, regarding process to get the creation and maximizing of it make-up of
maximal added value is the intention of government and company (Suyartono,
2003).
2.1.1.8. Metallurgy Study
Metallurgy test-drive require to be conducted in order to know how to
extract metal from ore, which have been processed before, including the
equipments and the corrected chemical reagent. For these mentioned hence factor
the needed is to know the nature of ore cover specific gravity, hardness, item
measure, and others (Suyartono, 2003).
2.1.1.9. Bulk Sampling
According to Suyartono (2003) there are some matters, which must be
paid attention in estimation of bulk sampling definitively to know the quality. For
example that is the determination of location of bulk sampling, result of
2.1.2. Mining Environment Protection
Mining activity obliged to look after environment adhered environment
values. State government has arranged this study in “UU No. 23/1997”
concerning Environment where each of gift permission of the mining effort have
obligation to look after environment around mine site. This matter has an
important impact where have to provide with environment impact assessment
(AMDAL). Pursuant to the regulation by Department of Energy and Mineral
Resource in “Kepmen Pertambangan dan Energi No. 1211.K/008/M.PE/1995”
and other related / relevant regulation, obligation of conservancy of environment
in mine site and its surroundings have to fulfill by company since the starting of
exploration activity.
Considering the level of impact by mine activity, it needed some of
management efforts, which is being planned and measured. Management of
environment in mining sector usually embraces some principle of Best
Management Practice. USEPA (1995) recommended some efforts that feasible to
be used as an effort operation of mining impact activity to water resource, wild
animal and vegetation (Suyartono, 2003).
Furthermore, Suyartono (2003) explains some efforts operation of
environment handling for instance by using sediment structure protection,
developing plan of waste operation system, avoiding activity of construction
during critical farm, avoiding poisoned of cyanide, minimally usage of constrictor
or fence to animal migration path, and prohibition over hunting wild animal in
2.1.3. Mining Standardization
Formulation activity of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) of public
mining until year 2002 have yielded Public Mining Standard (SPU) counted to
175 standards, which have been ratified by National Standardization Institute
(BSN) become SNI. In the implementation, standard formulation activities are
cooperation among all stakeholders, that is Department of Energy and Mineral
Resource, Relevant Institution and Local Government as governmental proxy with
standardization society (mine entrepreneur, mine consumer, college and
institution) (Suyartono, 2003).
The formulation process then continue overspread elementary concept
which have been discussed to mining standard user society in order to get
comments, then conducting the Consensus Forum and proposed to BSN to be
specified become SNI through solute discussion in BSN Standard Formulating
Commission. The final formulation process of SNI is gone into effect obligatorily
or voluntary in public mining area (mineral and coal mining) passing Decree of
Energy and Mineral Resource Minister (Suyartono, 2003).
Suyartono (2003) explains in supporting and applying program racing of
standardization in local government, hence needed peripheral of transparent and
well policy establishment so that can give positive impacts for growth of mining
investment in Indonesia, especially within applying policy of SNI in mining area.
Rising of the “Peraturan Pemerintah No. 102/2000” which immediately lifted
become law and regulation, hence Department of Energy and Mineral Resource
new policy of standardization of mining area in harmony with policy of national
standardization policy.
2.2. DECISION SUPORT SYSTEM
Decision Support System (DSS) is an interactive, flexible, and adaptable
Computer-Based Information System (CBIS), specially developed for supporting
the solution of a particular management problem for improved decision making
(Turban, 1993). Decision making is a process of choosing among alternative
courses of action for the purpose of achieving a goal or goals (Turban, 1993). A
decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based system that helps the decision
maker utilizes data and model to solve unstructured problems (Sprague and
Carlson, 1982).
The concept of DSS is based on the seminal work by Simon and associates
in 1950s and 1960s (Simon, 1960). The Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS)
concept has evolved in parallel with DSS. SDSS is an interactive,
computer-based system designed to support a user or group of users in achieving a higher
effectiveness of decision making while solving a semi-structured spatial decision
problem (Densham, 1989). The development of SDSS has been associated with
the need to expand the Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities for
tackling complex, ill-defined, spatial decision problems (Densham, 1989).
Similar to DSS, SDSS is composed of several software components which
are the Data Base Management System (DBMS) with containing the functions to
manage the geographic data base, the Model Base Management System (MBMS)
with containing the function to manage the model base and the Dialog Generation
interface with display and report forms and the rest of the system or Graphical
User Interface (GUI).
The decision making process adopted to solve semi-structured spatial
problems is often perceived as unsatisfactory by decision makers. Densham
(1991) lists the distinguishing capabilities and functions of SDSS, which should
be capable of providing mechanisms for the input of spatial data, allowing
representation of the spatial relations and structures, including the analytical
techniques of spatial and geographical analysis and providing output in a variety
of spatial forms, including maps.
2.3. INFORMATION SYSTEMS
An information system is a group of components that interact to produce
information. The minimal information system consists of people, procedures, and
data (Kroenke, 1989). According to Kroenke (1989), a good information system
consideration if characteristics of it have been fulfilled such pertinence, timelines,
accuracy, reduced uncertainty, and element of surprise.
An information system is an organized combination of people, hardware,
software, communications networks, and data resources that collects, transforms,
and disseminates information in organization (O’Brien, 1999). The components
of these information systems describe on Figure 2.3. There are five components
of information systems such as data resources, hardware resources, software
Figure 2.3. Information system components (O’B rien, 1999)
According to O’Brien (1999), people resources include end user (people
who are use an information systems or the information it produces) and IS
specialist (people who develop and operate information systems). Hardware
resources include all physical devices and materials used in information
processing. Software resources include all sets of information processing
instructions. Data is more than the raw material of information and includes wide
variety of data type, how the data be organized (database) and knowledge bases.
Network resources emphasize that communication network are a fundamental
resource component of all information systems and include communication media
and network support (Mulyarto, 2003).
The conducting of this research considering on IS components, i.e.
software resource, data resource, and network resource. Data resource is one of
vital aspect that have to manage carefully consider to the quality and validity of it.
security, communication firewall, etc. As Mulyarto (2003) state that software
resource concept included the sets of operating instructions (programs), and the
sets of information processing instructions needed by people (procedures).
2.4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
The systems approach to problem solving uses a systems orientation to
define problem and opportunities and develop solutions. When the systems
approach to problem solving is applied to the development of information system
solution, it is called information system development or application development
(O’Brien, 1999). Furthermore these system development popular called with
system development life cycle (SDLC) which is includes phases of system such
system investigation, system analysis, system design, system implementation and
maintenance (Figure 2.4).
Figure 2.4. System Development Life Cycle (O’Brien, 1999)
In many case, the traditional SDLC have to be modified because its
limitation such as the SDLC approach is costly and time consuming, inflexible
and discourage change, and ill-suited to decision making (Hoffer, 2002). One
prototyping is the rapid development and testing of working model, or prototypes,
of new application in an interactive. Prototyping is an interactive process that
combines steps of the traditional systems development (Figure 2.5). The
advantages of prototyping are users are involved in design and captures
requirements in concrete form (Hoffer, 2002).
Figure 2.5. Prototyping development stages (O’Brien, 1999)
2.5. INTERNET
2.5.1. Internet Definition
The increasing population on the Internet, from on-line surfing to
e-commerce to interactive chatting, has made the Internet an integral part of our
society. The nearly ubiquitous access to the Internet and interactive content of the
World Wide Web (WWW) have made them a powerful means for people to
access, exchange, and process information. Many applications in journalism,
sciences, publishing, and other fields have been changed by and adapted for use
that connects hundreds of thousands of telecommunication networks and creates
an “internetworking” framework.
2.5.2. Basic Component of Internet
According to Aronoff (1989), the main frame of internet is
web services or distributed services. The term services here refers
to component services; that is, components with certain functions
can be downloaded and reassembled data, including data input,
storage, retrieval, management, manipulation, analysis, and
output.
According to Peng and Tsou (2003) there four major components of
Internet such are the client, Web server with application server, and data server
(Figure 2.6). The client servers as user interface for user interface for users to
interact with the Internet Programs. The Web server receives client requests,
serves static Web pages, and invokes application servers. The application server
manages server transactions, securities, and load balance. The data server serves
geospatial and non-spatial data and provides data access and management through
a Structured Query Language (SQL).
Figure 2.6. Basic components in Internet (Peng and Tsou, 2003)
According to Peng and Tsou (2003) the client is a place for users to
interact with objects and analysis functions in Internet. It is also a place for
Internet uses graphic user interface to construct the client, Internet usually relies
on the Web and Web add-ons as its client. A typical Web interface with HTML
and forms is a simple client of Internet. But this simple HTML-based client has
very limited user interactively. .
Furthermore, Peng and Tsou (2003) state that alternative clients who used
Web add-ons have been developed to increase user interactively and helps users to
interact directly with objects. There also include dynamic HTML and client-side
applications such as plug-ins or help programs, Java applets or Java beans, and
ActiveX controls. Dynamic HTML uses client-side scripting like JavaScript or
VBScript to make the plain HTML dynamic.
2.5.2.2. Web Server
The second component in Internet is comprised of the Web server. The
Web server is also called the HTTP server; its major function is to respond to
requests from Web browsers via HTTP. There are several ways for the Web
server to respond to client requests: (1) by sending existing HTML document or
ready-made map images to the client, (2) by sending Java applets or ActiveX
controls to the Web client, and (3) by passing requests to other programs and
invoking other programs such as CGI that cloud process the queries (Peng and
Tsou, 2003).
2.5.2.3. Application Server
When the Web server passes client requests to other programs, it requests
middleware that connects the Web server and server-side applications such as a
map server. An application server acts as a translator or connector between the
Web server and the map server. The major functions of an application server
include establishing, maintaining, and terminating the connection between the
Web server and the map server; interpreting client requests and passing them to
the map server, managing the concurrent requests and balancing loads among map
server and data server; and managing the state, transaction, and security (Peng and
Tsou, 2003).
2.5.2.4. Data Server
A data server serves data, in a relational or non-relational database
structure. A client application such as a Web client or a map server gains access
to the database through the SQL. Therefore, a database server is often referred to
as a SQL server. Although SQL is an international standard language, the
implementation by different vendors results in different versions of SQL for
different database. Therefore, database middleware is often used to access
different databases. There are three major database middleware: ODBC, Java
Database Connectivity (JDBC), and Object Linking and Embedding Database
(OLE DB) ActiveX Data Object (ADO), Through SQL, ODBC, or JDBC drive,
the client application can query, retrieve, and even modify database records in the
III.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. TIME AND LOCATION OF STUDY
This research was conducted from April 2005 to August 2005 and it took
place in MIT Research Laboratory, SEAMEO-BIOTROP, Bogor; and Directorate
of Mineral and Coal Engineering, Directorate General Geology and Mineral
Resources, Department of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jakarta. The interest
area of research covers several public mining companies in Indonesia (Figure 3.1)
as data samples such PT. Tambang Batubara Bukit Asam (Coal Mining) in West
Sumatera, PT. Aneka Tambang in West Java Province (Pongkor Project) and PT.
Newmont Nusa Tenggara in West Nusa Tenggara Province (Batu Hijau Project).
Figure 3.1. Interest area of research
3.2. TYPE OF DATA AND SOURCES
Considering good mining practice, there several parameters that are used
to evaluate mining activities performance such described in literature review
parameters and qualitative parameters. Quantitative parameter is a parameter that
can be accounted in particular unit and qualitative parameter is a kind of
descriptive data which cannot account directly and needs a conversion method
before.
This research only includes quantitative parameters which are environment
monitoring parameter and mining engineering parameter. All these data is
measured in each three months or quarterly (Triwulan) period which have been
submitted to department of energy and mineral resources in manually report.
Thereby, all data are requirement analysis is based on these things such:
• Environment monitoring data report is acquired from Directorate of
Environmental Geology and Mining Area and Mining Engineering
data report is acquired from Directorate of Mineral and Coal
Engineering. These two Directorates are under Directorate General
Geology and Mineral Resources.
• Spatial data of province in which mining company is operating and
specific mining area activity, which consist of administration
boundary and river. This spatial data is acquired from National
Survey and Mapping Agency (BAKOSURTANAL) and Department
of Energy and Mineral Resources.
3.3. METHODS
3.3.1. System Development Method
Building a system development of this research refers to system
development (see Figure 3.2) such investigation and analysis stage, design and
implementation stage, and maintenance stage.
Figure 3.2. Research scheme
There are several steps included in investigation and analysis stage such
current system and problem identification, user need analysis, component analysis
and proposed system analysis. Study of current system is quite important to
investigate advantages and disadvantages of the manual system (see Figure 3.3)
and identify problems that occur as long as the system existed. Then, user need
analysis is how to identify which users are going to be involved as stakeholder
and the needs of users are also identified. Thus, component analysis is a step of
identification of system components which is being used such parameter
identification, hardware identification and software identification. Proposed
system analysis is a step where a new system scheme is proposed.
According to the proposed system analysis, the next stage is design and
implementation. It has three steps such database design, information system
design and web based DSS design. In this stage, new proposed system is going to
be design and construct begin with relational data, data connectivity, DSS
last stage of this research scheme is maintenance stage which is testing of new
[image:47.612.180.461.131.328.2]prototype system.
Figure 3.3. Current system of evaluating mining company performance
According to Figure 3.3, we can see that the evaluation of mining
company performance is carried out partially, where there is no relationship
among the quantitative components evaluation (mining environment and mining
engineering) and those manual report are evaluated separately. Mining reports
submitted directly in hardcopy type to the government which representative by
Department of Mineral and Energy Resources through its directorates of mineral
engineering and environment.
Moreover, the report’s format has not been standardized yet whic h means
the regulation of reporting is strongly depend on the characteristic of particular
area of interest and its local regulation. Those reports is never been released to
public or event local society and the current system is not involving stakeholder in
As there are some disadvantages of the current system, thus the system for
evaluating mining company needs to be developed. The proposed system will
[image:48.612.163.476.166.415.2]cover problems found in the current existed system (Figure 3.4).
Figure 3.4. Proposed system for evaluating mining company performance
3.3.2. User Need Analysis
User need analysis is an important aspect to determine the users and their
needs in a new proposed system. As a stakeholder of mining performance
monitoring, user involvement has been identified into 2 (three) types, which are:
♣ Actor
Actor here is mining company, who has access and responsibility for data
input which is submitted online. Mining company is one of user that can
store data to database server and the other users can monitor and evaluate
of mining company performance.
The evaluator of this MICES-Quan consists of Department of Energy and
Mineral Resources (DESDM) and the observer and/or evaluator
(institution / academic community, research institution, and mining
expertise association, NGO). The evaluator can monitor periodical reports
of mining company and giving mark of final evaluation regarding to their
performance.
3.3.3. Component Identification
3.3.3.1. Parameter Identification
One thing of the importance section in this system is variable
identification of the quantitative parameters. It has been impossible to conduct this
job without determine the requirement of those, firstly. The requirement analysis
of the mining quantitative parameters has been declared in national regulation.
The large amount of source of parameter requirement come from study of
document and mining report regarding mining company performance and small
amount gathered from informal interview with mining and environment experts.
Several document such national regulations try to be included in this
research suppose that parameters will perform in proportional way.
♣ Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 in the Year of 1967
concerning Mining Fundamental Rules
♣ Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 in the Year of 1997
concerning Environmental Management
♣ Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 27 in the
♣ Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 in the
Year 2001 regarding Water Quality Management and Pollution Water
Protection
♣ Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 in the
Year 1999 regarding Air Pollution Control
♣ Decree of the Minister State of the Environment Number 17 of the Year
2001 regarding The Types of Businesses and or Activities that must be
Equipped With Analysis of the Businesses and or Activities Impacts on the
Environment
♣ Decree of the State Minister for the Environment Number
KEP-51/MENLH/10/1995 regarding Liquid Waste Standard for Industrial
Activities
♣ Decree of the State Minister for the Environment Number
KEP-45/MENLH/10/1997 regarding Air Pollution Standard Index
Quantitative components of good mining practice used for evaluating the
performance as described before are mining environment and mining engineering.
Each component has variables and some variables have sub-variables such:
1. MINING ENGINEERING
Mining engineering is one of quantitative parameter that have to measure in
case of mining performance evaluation.
a. Reserve Addition
The additional mine material (raw material) that produced from proven
b. Mining Operation
Mining operation means total area that can be opened for extracting ore
material and waste rock and also volume of material produced from ore or
called run off mine (ROM).
c. Production and Processing
There have several aspects in production and processing that have to
consider such as synchronization of run off mine, processing and total
content of mineral.
d. Stockpile
Stockpile regard to stock of ore material which will produce mineral,
consist of low level ore and high level ore.
e. Shipping
Shipping will determine the capacity of ship vehicle in volume of
composite material.
2. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING
Environment is also one of critical point in mining activity that has been
directly infected to environment sustainability and local community
livelihood and indirectly infected to mining company performance.
Monitoring of environment around mining area involves the calculation
and evaluation of physical and chemical condition of air quality, water
quality and soil quality.
a. Cutting
Cutting determines vegetation area extraction that will use for extracting
b. Cover Soil Peeling
Cover soil peeling is the next step after cutting which extract the top of
soil surface. It consists of peeling for mined new area and hoarding for
mined out area.
c. Sprout Soil Peeling
Sprout soil peeling is the next step after cover soil peeling which extract
the next level of soil surface. It consists of peeling for mined new area and
hoarding for mined out area
d. Mining Environment
Mining environment determine mine work area which consist of the
active, mined out and tailing area.
e. Washing dan Purifying
Washing determines kind of chemical and water for washing and purifying
determines tailing volume and processing.
f. Reclamation
Reclamation determines the recovery of mined out area, consist of soil
hoarding and regevetation.
g. Air Quality Monitoring
Consist of aspects like sulfur oxide, nitrogen dioxide, etc.
h. Water Quality Monitoring
Consist of physical and chemical aspect.
i. Environment Cost (Rp)
Following the list of capturing data based on parameter identification
[image:53.612.133.498.156.362.2]which consists of general mining company information (Table 3.1).
Table 3.1. General company information
No List of Information Stuffing Sample
1 Company Name Newmont Nusatenggara
2 Company Address (center office) Jakarta
3 Company Address (site office) Benete, Sumbawa Barat
4 Licence Type Kontrak Karya – KK
5 Licence Aggrement SK. ………
6 Licence Expired Period 2010
7 Licence Phase Exploration / Exploitation
8 Digging Materials Aurum, Cuprum, Nickel
9 Location Region ………
10 Area 35,000 Ha
11 Target Evaluation Percentage of Exploitation 12 Material Evaluation (Quarterly) IV, Year 2005
13 Mine Working System Open Pit
14 Mine Method Back Filling
3.3.3.2. Required Tools
Some supporting hardware and software will be employed to accomplish
this research.
♣ Hardware: PC Pentium IV class with minimum 2.4 GHz and 256 MB
RAM with operating system Windows 2000. This hardware is the
minimum requirement for testing of system loading, working, and
maintenance.
♣ ESRI Arc View 3.2
This software needed for spatial data processing regarding Indonesia
administration boundary, mining company activity boundary, etc.
This is a programming language that used as engine for application
server and developing information system.
♣ MySQL 1.3
This is database application software which is freeware. It used to
stored and retrieve all related data. The limitation of this software
capability describes on Table 3.2.
Table 3.2. MySQL 1.3 limitation
Operating System File-size Limit Linux 2.2-Intel 32 bit 2 GB (LFS:4 GB)
Linux 2.4 (Using ext3 file system) 4 TB
Solaris 9/10 16 TB
NetWare w/NSS file system 8 TB
Win32 w/FAT/FAT32 2 GB/4 GB
Win32 w/NTFS 2 TB (possible larger)
MacOS X w/HFS+ 2 TB
♣ Apache Version 1.3.23
This is server software and also categorized as freeware which is used
to connect database application (MySQL) and application server (Ms
Visual Basic).
♣ Macromedia Dream Weaver MX 2004
This software is used for PHP script constructing and web design.
♣ MapServer
This open source software is used to release spatial data in form of
map to the web. MapScript in this software is used integrated with
PHP script.
This is an ActiveX components from ESRI used in Microsoft Visual
Basic 6.0 for map application programming.
3.3.4. Decision Support System Analysis
Decision Support System (DSS) analysis is important approach for
performing variable evaluation especially quantitative parameters of mining
company. Here, the scheme of DSS approach (see Figure 3.5) consists of
parameters and variable evaluation. Quantitative parameter of good mining
practice especially environment monitoring has been standardized using
environment standard value model (Baku Mutu Lingkungan / BML). It has bee
