The Species of Polyalthia in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan

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THE SPECIES OF

POLYALTHIA

IN BERAU REGENCY,

EAST KALIMANTAN

BY :

DlAN

AKBARlNI

NRP:

98285

POST GRADUATE PROGRAM

BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

(64)

ABSTRAK

Dian Akbarini. Jenis Polyalfhia di Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur. Dibimbing oleh: Prof. Dr. Ir. Edi Guhardja, M.Sc., Prof. Dr. Mien A. Rifai dan Dr. Paul J. A.

Kessler.

Penelitian marga Polyalthia Blurne ( Annonaceae) telah dilakukan di Kabupaten Berau. Marga ini terdiri dari lima belas jenis (Polyalthia berauensis, Polyalthia cauliflora, Polyalthia dicfyoneura, Polyalthia glauca, Polyalthia igniflora, Polyalthia jenkensii, Polyalthia laferiflora, Polyalfhia microtus, Polyalthia oblonga, Polyalthia obliqua, Polyalthia rumphii, Polyalthia sclerophylla, Polyalthia sumafrana, Polyalthia tipuliflora, dan Polyalthia sp. A ). Polyalthia berauensis

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ABSTRACT

Dian Akbarini. The Species of Polyalthia in Berau Regency, East Kalirnantan. Supervised by : Prof. Dr. Ir. Edi Guhardja, M. Sc., Prof. Dr. Mien A. Rifai, and Dr. Paul J . A. Kessler.

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Surat Pernyataan

Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis yang berjudul:

THE SPECIES OF POLYALTHIA IN BERAU REGENCY,

EAST KALIMANTAN

Adalah benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri dan belum pernah dipublikasikan. Semua sumber data dan informasi yang digunakan telah dinyatakan secara jelas dan dapat diperiksa kebenarannya.

Bogor, Mei 2002

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THE SPECIES OF POLYALTHIA IN BERAU REGENCY,

EAST KALIMANTAN

BY

:

DlAN AKBARlNl

NRP: 98285

A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Master

at

Post Graduate Program Bogor Agricultural University

Department of Biology

POST GRADUATE PROGRAM

BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

(68)

Tittle of Thesis

: The Species of

Polyalthia

in Berau Regency, East

Kalimantan

Name

: Dian Akbarini

NRP

: 98285

Study Program

: Biology

Approved

1 .Supervisor Committee

Prof. Dr. Ir. Edi Guhardia, M.Sc.

Chairman

Prof. Dr. Mien A. Rifai

Supervisor

Dr. Paul J.A. Kessler

Supervisor

f Biology Program

Graduate Program

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Dian Akbarini was born on June, 12, 1975 in Pangkalpinang, as the first daughter from four children, from father H. M. Azro'i Kosim and mother Hj.

Nur'aini.

In 1987, she graduated from SD Negeri No. 9 Tanjungpandan, in 1990

she graduated from SMP Negeri 1 Pangkalpinang, and in 1993 she graduated

from SMA Negeri 2 Pangkalpinang. She graduated from Biology Department of

the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural sciences, Padjadjaran University in

Jatinangor, 1998.

In 1998, she registered as a post graduated student at Bogor Agricultural

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alharndulillah.

I would like to thanks to my supervisors : Prof. Dr. Ir. Edi Guhardja, M.Sc,

(chairman of the supervisor committee), Prof. Dr. Mien A. Rifai and Dr. Paul J.A.

Kessler (members of the supervisor committee) for their supervising this study.

My thanks are due to Dr. Rugayah, M.Sc and Dra. Tutie Djarwaningsih,

M.Si for her support and comment of this manuscript and to Dr. lrawati head of

Herbarium Bogoriense who permitted this study to be executed in the Herbarium

Bogoriense. Miss Rina and Herbarium staff to provided some references which

are related to this study. Ir. Teguh Triono, M.Sc. and Yelita, S.Si. helped to

make photographs, Mr. Sobari assisted in making the illustrations and Mr. Arif

Hidayat helped in compiling specimens from East Kalimantan.

I would like also to thanks all post graduate students of Plant Taxonomy.

IPB '98 for their support.

Finally to my parents, for their moral support and financial support of my

study; my brothers for their moral support and last but not least, to my husband

Ade Kelana Risfiardy, ST., for his moral support, his understanding and deep

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Based on herbarium specimen, there are 15 species which can be

recognized, namely; Polyalthia berauensis, P. cauliflora, P. dictyoneura, P.

glauca, P. igniflora, P. jenkensii, P. lateriflora, P. microtus, P. obliqua, P. oblonga, P. rumphii, P. sclerophylla, P. sumatrana, P. tipuliflora and Polyalthia sp. A.

Polyalthia berauensis is proposed as a new species.

Geographical Distribution

The genus is distributed throughout the Old World Tropics and particularly

numerous in South East Asia (Sinclair, 1955).

In this study, the species are found in logged over forest, primary forest,

low hills, logged over dipterocarp forest, limestone rocks, secondary forest and

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[image:77.847.104.771.131.382.2]

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Floristic Analysis of Polyalthia i n Berau Regency

In this floristic study, there are 15 species which can be recognized based on the specimen deposited in herbarium Bogoriense (table 2).

Table. 2

.

The Polyalthia i n Berau regency based o n Sist & Saridan (1998)

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Morphological Characters

Habit

This character is important to recognized in species level. Species of

Polyalthia in Berau regency are either treelets or trees. The treelets are P.

berauensis, P. cauliflora, P. igniflora, P. microtus, P. rumphii, P. tipuliflora and

Polyalfhia sp.A. The trees species are P. dicfyoneura, P. glauca, P. jenkensii, P.

laferiflora, P. oblonga, P. obliqua, P. sclerophylla and P. sumatrana.

Twig

The twigs are circular, sometimes lenticelled (P. cauliflora, P. dictyoneura,

P. jenkensii, P. lateriflora, P.sclerophylla and Polyalthia sp.A). The twigs are

glabrous and hairy. lnduments type in this genus is simple hair. The twigs are

hairy in P. berauensis, P. cauliflora, P. jenkensii, P. microtus, P. oblonga, P.

rumphii and P. tipuliflora.

Leave

Some species of Polyalthia can be recognized by their leaves. Their

shapes are narrow ovate, oblong, broadly lanceolate, elliptic, spathulate or

oblanceolate. Generally acute or rounded base. Polyalthia obliqua is specific at

base, cuneate. Their apexes are various, apex, acuminate or caudate. The size

of leaves varies from 4.6 crn to 50 cm. The biggest size is at P. lateriflora ( 7.7

crn- 50 crn). Polyalthia glauca and P. sumatrana differ from others, because they

have glaucous of their below surface, and their secondary veins unclear and

difficult to be counted. Polyalthia microtus has leaves with rise in furrow midrib in

upper surface and this is a specific character of this species. Polyalthia jenkensii

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Flower

The flower is important character to recognize in species level.

Calyx

Calyx in this genus has 3 sepals, imbricate, usually triangular, sometime

broadly triangular (Polyalthia jenkensii), and fleshy. It has simple hairy in the

outside and the margin. The size is from 0.5 mrn to 3 cm. The apex of sepal is acute.

Corolla

The corolla consists of two whorls, inner petal (3) and outer petal (3). The inner petal and outer petal are various in size or shape (fig. 2), equal or unequal.

The petal usually hairy in outside and margin. The shape of inner petal and outer

petal are elliptic, narrow ovate and ovate, with acute apex. The position of the

inner petal to outer petal is valvate.

-

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Stamen

Type of the stamen in Polyalthia is uvarioid (Fig. 3). Uvariod stamen is

broad with conspicuos connective stamen ( kessler, 1993).The shape of stamen is cylindrical. Generally, the size of stamen is 1 mm in length, except

P.

berauensis, P. igniflora, P. microtus, P. rumphii P. tipuliflora and Polyalthia sp.A

which are 2 mm in length. lndument in the stamen can be used to recognize the

species;Polyalthia microtus differ from other species, because this species has

Carpel

Generally, cylindrical shaped. The carpels are covered by simple hairs,

and the size is mostly less than 2 mm in length, cylindrical shaped . The carpels in this genus are numerous ( more than 20).

Carpidia

The carpidia shapes of the Polyalthia are globose

(P.

glauca) or ellipsoid

(P.cauliflora, P. dictyoneura, P. jenkensii, P. lateriflora, P. microtus, P. rumphii, P.

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apex on carpidia can be used to identify the species (fig.4). Polyalthia rumphii, has glandular in its carpidia, whereas the other species have no glandular. Polyalfhia obliqua is yellow colour when dry, whereas the are others black or dark brown colour when dry.

Fig.

4.

The carpidia shapes

o f

Polynlthia.

a.

Polyalthia sclerophylla.

b.

P.

slmiatma.

c.

P. nrmphii.

d.

P. cauliflora.

e.

P. glauca.

f.

P. obliqua.

g.

P.

Interrjlorn.

[image:83.595.88.475.146.498.2]

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KEYS AND DlSCRlPTlONS

POLYALTHIA

Polyalthia Blume, FI. Jav. Anonac. (1829) 68; Hook.f., FI. Br. Ind. 1 (1875)

62; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cal. (1893) 62; Boerl., Icon. Bog. 1 (1901) 103;

Koord & Valet., Meded Land Platent.

ixi.

(1903) 2983; Ridley, FI. Malay Pen. 1 (1922) 48; J. Sincl., Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (1955) 279; Whitmore, Tree FI. Mal. 1

(1972) 85, Bakhuizen & Backer. Jr., FI. Jav. 1 (1963) 106; Kessler, P.J.A. &

Heusden, Rheedea 3.1 (1993) 75; Heusden, Blumea suppl. 7 (1992) 125.

Shrubs, treelets or trees up to 40 m. Bark smooth, lenticelled or

unlenticelled, fibrous, bole circular, straight. Twigs glabrous or hairy, lenticelled or

unlenticelled. Leaves: petioles glabrous or hairy (simple hairy), 1-9 mm in length,

1-9 mm in diameter; lamina oblong, narrow ovate, oblanceolate, broadly

lanceolate; texture carthaceous to coriaceous, sometime shiny above; base

acute, rounded, or sub cordate; apex acute, acuminate or caudate; margin

entire; glabrous or hairy above and below surface, glaucous or not glaucous in

below surface; midrib above sunken, flat or raised in furrow, midrib in below

surface prominent. Flowers solitary or cluster, axillary, supra axillary, cauliflorous

or ramiflorous. Flowers bisexual; sepals 3, triangular, 0.5 mm- 3 cm, usually hairy

in margin, and outside, valvate, fleshy; petals in two whorls ( inner petals and outer petals), equal or unequal in size and shaped, elliptic, narrow ovate or ovate,

apex acute, inner petal 3, glabrous outside, fleshy, outer petals 3, glabrous

outside, fleshy. Stamens numerous (more than 20), fleshy, have connective

prolongation (uvarioid stamen), 0.7 mm

-

2mm in length. Carpels numerous (more than 20), cylindrical. Carpidia: stalked, globose or ellipsoid shape, apex

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Distribution: Assam, lndo China, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Philippines,

Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Borneo, New Guinea, Africa, Australia.

Key

To Species

of

_Polyalthia

I. a. Tree. diameter more than 12 cm .

...

2 b. Treelet, diameter less than 12 cm

...

9

2. a. Leaves glabrous above and below surface

...

3

b. Leaves hairy above and below surface

...

.PP obl.onga 3. a. Leaves below surface glaucous, secondary veins not distinct

...

4

b. Leaves below surface not glaucous, secondary veins clear

...

5

4. a. Carpidia globose, intrasecondary veins 10-15 mm

...

P. glauca b. Carpidia ellipsoid, intrasecondary veins 2-5 mm

...

P.

sumatrana 5. a. Carpidia globose, seed globose

...

..6

b. Carpidia ellipsoid, seed ellipsoid

...

.7

6. a. Leaves coriaceous, midrib in above sunken

...

P. sclerophylla b. Leaves charthaceous, midrib in above flat

...

P. dictyoneura

7. a. Midrib in above sunken, base acute, truncatus or rounded

...

8

...

b. Midrib in above surface flat, base cunete

.P.

obliqua

8. a. Secondary veins 5-7 in pairs, leaves chartaceous, petals ovate

P. jenkensii

b. Secondary veins 7-8 in pairs, leaves coriaceous, petals elliptic ..P. laterifora

9. a. Midrib hairy above

...

I 0 b. Midrib glabrous above

...

11

...

10. a. lndument pale yellow

.

2-3 mm long

P .

berauensis

...

b.lndument dark brown or light brown, less than 1 mm long P. rumphii

...

11. a. Leaves hairy above, densely hairy below 12

...

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12. a. lnner petals 2.5

-

3.9 cm in length, secondary veins 14-21 pairs

...

P. igniflora

b. lnner petals 4.2

-

5-9 cm in length, secondary veins 21-24 pairs

...

P. tipuliflora

13. a. Flowers cauliflorous, stamen less than 2 mm in length P. cauliflora

b. Flowers axillary or supraaxillary, stamen 2 mm in length

...

14 14. a. Midrib raised and furrowed above, twigs unlenticelled

....

P. microtus

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1. Polyalthia berauensis Akbarini sp.nov.

Polyalthia berauensis. --Type

:

Ambriansyah et al. Berau 839. Borneo

(BO).

Folia chartacea, oblonga-lanceolata. 31-34 cm longa, 8.5-9.5 cm lata,

basi cordata, apice acuti-acuminati, newis lateris 20-26 paribus. Petioli 2.4 mm

diametro, 3 mm longi. Pedicello ca. 6 mm longa. Sepalum ca. 5 mm longa.

Interior petalum 2.7 cm longa, exterior petalum 2.5 cm longa. Stamen 2 mm

longa. Typus : Ambransyah etal. Bemu 839. Borneo (Holo: 80).

Treelet 7 m tall, 6 cm in diameter. Bark black, fibrous, rachis and lower

surface of leaves with long pale yellow hairs. Twigs 4-5 mm in diameter, densely

hairy (long hairy, 2-3 mm in length). Leaves: petioles hairy, 2.4 mm in diameter,

3 mm in length; lamina charthaceous, oblong

-

lanceolate 31-34 cm by 8.5-9.5 cm; base subcordate, apex acute-acuminate; hairy above and below; midrib flat

above and hairy below, secondary veins flat above, prominent below; secondary

veins 20-26 in pairs. Flowers on the main bole; pedicel 6 mm in length, densely

hairy, like silky hairs; sepals triangular, 5 mm in length, hairy; petals elliptic,

creamy white, densely hairy, inner petals 2.7 cm in length, outer petals 2.5 cm in

length. Stamens 2 mm in length. Carpidia not seen.

DISTRIBUTION : Borneo (Berau )

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY : Logged over forest. Altitude : 50 m. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Ambriansyah et al. Berau 839.

NOTE: This species differs from other species in its indument. It has long

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[image:88.595.107.438.28.479.2]

Fig. 5. Polyalthia berauensis sp. nov. A. Sepal. B. Inner petal. C. Outer petal. D. Stamen. E. Flower,

2. Polyalthia cauliflora Hook. f . & Thorns.

Polyalthia cauliflora Hook. f. & Thorns., FI. Ind. 1 (1855) 138; Hook.f.,

FI.

Br. Ind. 1 (1875) 66; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. (1939) 280. Ridl., FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922)

51; Kessler & Heusden, Rhedeea 3, 1 (1993) 78 Fig. 9. 79.

Polyalthia macrorhyncha Miq.. Bot Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 14.

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Treelet or tree up to 11 m tall. Bark smooth, black, inner bark thick, hard,

bole straight. Twigs hairy, 0.15 in diameter, lenticelled. Leaves: petioles hairy 1

mm in diameter, 2-5 cm in length; lamina charthaceous, young leaves purple,

ovate to oblong, 4.6

-

14.8 by 0.9

-

3.8 cm; base acute, apex caudate; glabrous above and hairy below; midrib sunken and glabrous above, hairy and prominent

below; secondary veins sunken and glabrous above, prominent and hairy below,

9 in pairs. Flowers on the main bole, cauliflorous, on twigs, short-tubercled shoot;

pedicel glabrous, 1 mm in diameter, 1-2 cm in length; sepals triangular, 3 mm,

hairy in outside and margin; petals greenish yellow, equal (inner and outer petals)

narrow ovate, 1.6-1.8 cm hairy; stamens 1 mm, creamy yellow. Carpidia: green

when young, stalked 1.1-2.5 cm, ellipsoid, apex acute, 3-7 mm in diameter.

Carpels cream yellow. Seed 2.

DISTRIBUTION

:

Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Thailand, Borneo ( Kelai

River near Long Lanuk, Berau)

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY : Logged over forest along road, on slope, primary forest, undulating area, low hills. Altitude 30 m.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kostermans 21167, Ambriansyah et al. Berau

878, F. Slik, Pono & Rasyadi Berau 547, Kade Sidiyasa et al. Berau 1204, Z.

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Fig. 6. Polyalthia cauliflora A. Flower. B. Carpidia. C. Stamen. D. Sepal E. Carpel.

3. Polyalthia dictyoneura Diels

Polyalthia dictyoneura Diels, Mitt. Inst. Bot. Hamburg, vii (1927) 78.-

Type: H. Winkler 1148, West Borneo, Bukit Mehipit, 29.12.1924 (Iso: BO)

Tree 7-20 m tall, 15-20 cm in diameter. Bark smooth, blackish, hooped,

bole tapered. Twigs 3.5 mm in diameter, lenticelled. Leaves: lamina

chartaceous, oblong, 9.2 -24.8 cm by 3.2 -15.3 cm; base subcordate; apex

[image:90.595.110.441.88.582.2]

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prominent and glabrous below; secondary veins prominent above and below, 10-

12 in pairs. Flowers ramiflorous; pedicels 1 mm in length; hairy; sepals

triangular, 2.5 mm in length, hairy; petals when young green, inner petals ovate;

ca. 7 mm in length; outer petals ovate, 6.7-7 mm in length. Stamen and carpel

not seen. Carpidia: stalked 11 mm in length, ellipsoid, apex acute, diameter 5-6

mm.

DISTRIBUTION : Borneo ( along Sungai Sepan at base Mt. Njapa, Kelai

River)

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY: logged over mixed dipterocarp forest, along

river bank, primary forest, on limestone rocks, covered by thick humus. Altitude:

40 m. Flowering : October. Fruiting : October. FIELD NOTES: Flowers strong sweet smell.

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Fig. 7. Polyalthia dictyoneura. A. Sepal. B. Inner petal. C. Outer petal. D. Stamen. E. Carpel. E. Lenticelled on twig.

4. Polyalthia glauca Boerl.

Polyalthia glauca Boerl., Icon. Bogor. 1 (1901) 104; Koord. & Valeton,

Bijdr. IX (Meded. PI. Tuin No. LXI) (1908) 285; Whitmore. Tree FI. Mal. 1 (1983)

90. Fig. 10; Kessler & Heusden, Rhedeea 3, 1 (1993) 80. Fig. 10. 81.

Unona merritiiMerr.. Philip. J. Sci: 1, Supp. 1 (1906) 190. Polyalthia merritii (Merr.) Merr., Philip. J. Sci. 10 (1915) 250.

[image:92.595.87.442.33.467.2]

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Tree up to 41 m tall, up to 47 cm in diameter. Bark smooth, light orange-

greyish, bolestraight, circular. Twigs glabrous 6 mm in diameter. Leaves: lamina

chartaceous; oblong to broadly lanceolate, 8-15 cm by 3-4 cm; base acute, apex

acuminate -caudate; glabrous above, glaucous below; midrib sunken and

glabrous above, prominent below; secondary veins flat above and below, unclear;

intra secondary veins 1- 1.5 cm. Flowers not seen. Stamen not seen.

Carpidia:when young linght green, ripe dark, stalked 0.7 cm

-

4.2 cm in length,

globose, 1.7-1.9 cm in diameter. Seed 1, 16 mm in diameter.

VERNACULAR NAME : Landur

DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Philippines,

Borneo (Kampoeng lnaran, Berau).

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY : Logged over dipterocarp forest. Altitude

75-100 m, Fruiting : October.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Arifin, Z; Arbainsyah B1341; Van der Zwaan

600 (00).

NOTE: The species is similar to P. sumatrana in leaf character, which is

glaucous below. However they differ in carpidia shape. Polyalthia glauca has

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Polyalthia. igniflora D.M. Johnson, Contr. University of Michigan

Herbarium. 22.1999.96.--Type: Clemens & Clemens 32841. Borneo. Sabah (East Malaysia). Mt. Nunkok, 2500-3500 ft. 13 April 1993 (fl) (Holotype : A.

Isotype: U. Ny, not seen).

Treelet, 3m, 6-23 cm in diameter. Twigs 1.4-5 mm in diameter, thick,

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hairy with golden-brown to brown acicular hairs 0.5-0.7 mm in length, eventually

glabrous, occasionally sparsely lenticellate. Leaves: lamina chartaceous,

oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 18.3-38 cm by 5.1-14 cm, olive-grey

,

usually paler and tan-colored; base obliquely rounded to subcordate, apex

acute-acurninate; glabrous and sparsely hairy above and below, midrib flat to

sunken but with a longitudinal groove running along either side above and

prominent below; secondary veins sunken above and prominent below.

secondary veins 14-21 in pairs. Flowers internodal, occasionally subopposit to

the leaves, frequently on leafless segments of twigs, pedicels 1-2, arising from a

tubercle, 7-27 mm in length, 1.3-1.8 mrn thick at midpoint; sepals brown, orange

suffused with green or dull orange-yellow, 11-23 mm in length; petals of both

whorls orange, yellow, or dull red, glabrous above, sparsely appressed-

pubescent in below surface, outer petals 2.1-3.6 cm in length, 6.5-11.5 rnm in

width, inner petals 2.5-3.9 cm in length, 3.5-8 mm in width. Carpidia not seen.

DISTRIBUTION : Borneo (Kelai River near Long Lanuk).

HABITAT : along ridge.

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[image:96.595.148.446.45.478.2]

Fig. '9. Polyalthia igniflora. A. Inner petal. 8. Outer petal. C. Stamen.

6. Polyalthia jenkensii Benth. & Hook.

Polyalthia jenkensii Benth & Hook; FI. Br. Ind. 1 (1876) 64; Ridley, Sar. Mus. Jour. (1911-1913) 81; Whitmore, Tree FI. Mal. (1983) 90. Fig. 10. ---Type-

South Andarnan, Kurz s.n., (BO).

Tree, up to 20 rn tali, 8-20 crn in diameter. Bark greyish, smooth, hooped.

Twigs hairy, lenticelled. Leaves: petioles 1-2 rnrn in diarnater. 3 rnrn in length,

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acuminate-caudate; glabrous above and below; midrib sunken and glabrous

above, prominent and glabrous below; secondary veins prominent and glabrous

above and below, secondary veins 5-7 in pairs. Flowers extraaxillary, sepals broadly triangular 1 cm in length, hairy; petals broadly ovate, outer petals 3.9- 4

cm in length, inner petals 3.5-3-8 cm hairy. Carpidia ellipsoid. Seed 1.

DISTRIBUTION : Borneo (Berau).

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY: limestone rocks covered by thick, on river

bank of small stream. Altitude: 40 m. Flowering: October.

FIELD NOTES : Petals strong sweet smell, carpidia green.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Kessler, P.J.A.; Arbainsyah B 1346.; Arbainsyah

B 1365.

NOTE: This species can be distinguished from the other species by its

leaves, because in its lower surface the cluster of base of secondary veinsare

(98)

7. Polyalthia laferiflora King

Polyalfhia laterflora King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

1x1.

(1892) ii. 58.

,

Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta V, IV (1893) 73.

Tree 12-30 m tall, 10-55 cm in diameter. Bark smooth, sparsely

lenticelled, hooped, greyish black-brownish, inner bark thick, buttresses

spreading, bole straight. Twigs glabrous. Leaves: petioles glabrous, 1.5-2.5 mm

in diameter, 5-9 rnm in length; lamina coriaceous, shiny above, oblong, 7.7-50

cm by 4-12 cm; base rounded, apex acuminate; glabrous above and below

surface; midrib sunken above and prominent below; secondary veins sunken and

glabrous above, prominent and glabrous below, secondary veins 7-18 in pairs.

Flowers solitary or in few- flowered fascicles on short shoots; pedicels hairy, 2.1-

3.4 cm length, sepals triangular, 4mm, hairy; petals greenish yellow, inner petals

and outer petals elliptic, 1-3 cm in length, hairy. Stamens 2 mm in length, stamen

greenish, carpels 2.8 mm, hairy, stigma cream. Carpidia: stalked ca. 4.5 cm in

length, ellipsoid, acute rounded, ca.3 cm length, ca.2 cm in diameter. Seed I .

DISTRIBUTION

:

Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo ( Mt. Njapa

and Kelai River).

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY : logged over forest, logged over dipterocarp.

Altitude: 85-100 m. Flowering : October.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kostermans 21465, Kessler, P.J.A.;

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[image:99.595.152.439.56.475.2]

Fig. 11. Polyalthia lateriflora A. Stamen. B. Petal. C.

8. Polyalthia microtus Miq.

Polyalthia microtus Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1865) 13; Kessler &

Heusden. Rhedeea 3, 1 (1993) 80-82.

Treelet 2.5-5 m tall, 4 cm in diameter. Twigs hairy, 3-4 mm in diamater.

Leaves: petiole hairy, 2 mm in diameter, 4-7 mm in length; lamina charthaceous, elliptic, 20.5-28.7 cm by 6-9.6 cm.; base subcordate, apex acuminate; glabrous

(100)

and prominent below; secondary veins glabrous and sunken above, prominent

and glabrous below, secondary veins 14-20 in pairs. Flowers supraaxillary,

ramiflorous, solitary; pedicels 3-9 mm in length, hairy; sepals yellowish,

triangular, c.2 cm. in length, hairy; petals orange, inner petals elliptic, c.3 cm,

hairy, outer petals c.2.8 cm hairy. Stamen 2mm in length. Carpidia 2-13, stalked

3-13 mm in length, shortly cylindrical to ellipsoid, 7

-

9 mm in length, 4

-

5 mm in diameter. Seed not seen.

DISTRIBUTION : Borneo (Tanjung Redeb, Kelai River near Long Lanuk.

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY: primary forest, logged over forest, flat pain,

ridge. Altitude : 30-85 m.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kade Sidiyasa et al. Berau 1220, 1230 (BO).

NOTE: This species is easily recognized by midrib character which is

raised and furrowed on the umer surface.

[image:100.605.158.411.383.681.2]

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9. Polyalthia obliqua H0ok.f. & Thoms.

Polyalthia. obliqua H0ok.f. & Thoms. FI. Ind. 1 (1855) 138; Miq. FI. Ned.

Ind. (1859) 44; Hook., FI. Br.. Ind. 1. (1875) 67; Ridley, Sar. Mus. Jour. (1911-

1913) 81.

Polyalthia

sirnilis

Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 8 (1913) 371.

Tree up to 10 m tall, 12 cm in diameter. Bark greyish-white, black,

smooth, hooped, deppled, lenticelled. Twigs glabrous 5-6 mm in diameter,

fissured. Leaves: petioles glabrous, 1.2 mm in diameter, 4-9 mm length; lamina

coriaceous,shiny above, oblong, 9.2

-

17.5 cm by 3.2

-

4.7 cm; base cuneate, apex acuminate to caudate; glabrous above and below surface; midrib flat and

glabrous above, prominent and glabrous below; secondary veins prominent and

glabrous above and belows, secondary veins 11-15 in pairs. Flowers not seen.

Carpidia: stalked 3 cm, ellipsoid, apex acute, glabrous, 16 mm in diameter. Seed

1.

DISTRIBUTION : Borneo (Berau)

HABITAT: Primary forest.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Adriansyah; Boestani, A.N. AA 2197.

NOTE: The species has leaves the edges of which are very slightly

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Fig. 13. Polyalthia obliqua

10. Polyalthia oblonga King

Polyalthia oblonga King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng 11, 2 (1892) 65.---Type:

King s.n. Malaysia : Perak (Holo: CAL, not seen ).

Tree, 15 m tall, 12 cm in diameter, bark cracked, hooped. Twigs circular,

fissured, hairy. Leaves: petioles hairy, 3 mm in diameter, 3 mm in length; lamina

[image:102.595.118.443.69.545.2]

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apex acute; glabrous above and hairy below; midrib sunken and hairy above,

prominent and hairy below; secondary veins sunken and glabrous above,

prominent and hairy below, secondary veins 10-16 in pairs. Flowers and carpidia

not seen.

DISTRIBUTION : Malay Peninsula, Borneo (Berau)

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY: logged over dipterocarp forest. Altitude: 1000

m.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED : Arifin.2.; Arbainsyah B 1332

11. Polyalthia rumphii (Blume) Merr.

Polyalthia rumphii (Blume) Merr. Enum. Philipp. FI. PI. ii (1923) 162;

Whitmore, Tree FI. Mal. 1 (1983) 90. Kessler & Heusden, Rheedea 3

.

1 (1993) 82.

Polyalthia. kunstleri King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Pt. Nat. Hist. 61 (1893)

55.

Treelet, up to 8 m tall, up to 12 cm in diameter: Bark fibrous, smooth,

white to black-brownish, bole straight, circular, columnar. Twigs circular, hairy, 4

mm in diameter, fissured. Leaves: petioles hairy, 1-2 mm in diameter, 0.4

-

1 cm in length; lamina charthaceous, oblong-ovate. 5.4-12.5 cm by 2.4-5.2 cm; base

acute, apex acuminate-caudate; glabrous above and below; midrib sunken and

hairy above, prominent and hairy below; secondary veins flat and glabrous

above, prominent and hairy below, secondary veins 6-12 in pairs. Flowers extra

axillary, cluster; pedicels 0.5-1 mm in diameter; sepals triangular, hairy; petals

green becoming yellowish; inner petals and outer petals unequal, inner petals

elliptic (1.4 cm) , hairy, outer petals (1.2 cm), hairy. Stamen 2 mm in length.

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DISTRIBUTION : Sumatra, Java, Amboina, Philippines,Borneo (Berau)

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY: Logged over forest, primary forest and

secondary forest Altitude: 45 m.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ambriansyah; Arifin, Z. Berau 984, Kessler et

al. 282, Kessler et al. 319 (BO).

NOTE: The glands on carpidia surface can be used to recognize this

[image:104.595.87.437.266.663.2]

species.

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12. Polyalthia sclerophylla Hook

.f.

_&_Th.

Polyalthia sclerophylla Hook. f. & Th., FI. Br. Ind. 1 (1872) 65

Tree.c.10 m up to 15 m tall, 7-12 cm in diameter, bark whitish. Twigs

fissured, glabrous with lenticelled. Leaves: petioles hairy, 2 mm in diameter, 5-9

mm in length; lamina coriaceous, oblong, 13 cm-25 cm by 5.8 cm- 8.5 cm.; base

rounded; apex acute

-

acuminate; glabrous above and below surface; midrib sunken above and prominent below; secondary veins flat and glabrous above,

prorninent and glabrous below, 10-13 in pairs. Flowers not seen.. Carpidia:

stalked 4.1 cm in length, hairy, shortly ellipsoid, diameter 18-20 mm, stalks

monocarpidia 2.8 cm in length, 4 cm in diameter, hairy.

DISTRIBUTION : Berau, PT. lnhutani I logging area, KM 35. along Sungei Sepan

HABITAT : Over mixed Dipterocarp forest, along river bank

SPECIMEN EXAMINED : Kessler, Arbainsyah 81417

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[image:106.595.181.433.66.495.2]

Fig. 15. Polyalthia sclerophylla

13. Polyalthia sumatrana (Miq.)Kurz

Polyalthia sumatrana (Miq.) Kurz, Sar. Mus. Jour. (1911-1913) 80.; Ridl.,

FI. Mal. Pen. 1 (1922) .52. ; Merrill, Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. XV. (1924) 67; Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. (1939) 280; Whitmore. Tree FI. Mal. 1 (1983) 90; Kessler &

Heusden, Rhedeea 3 , l (1993) 82.

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Monoon sumatranurn Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1865) 19. --Type

: Teijsman s.n., Sumatra occid., Lubu Alang (not seen).

Tree 8-20 m tall, up to 25 cm in diameter. Bole straight, circular, bark

smooth, fibrous, hooped, white, greyish, inner bark thick. Twigs glabrous. Leaves:

petioles glabrous, mm in diameter, 5-12 mm in length, lamina chatthaceous,

oblong to broadly lanceolate, 23.4-28 cm by 4.7-16.6 cm; base acute, apex

acuminate-caudate; glabrous above and below surface; midrib sunken and

glabrous above, prominent below; secondary veins flat and glabrous above and

below; glaucous below, secondary veins not clear. Flowers axillary, subaxillary;

pedicels 1.5-2 cm in length; sepals triangular, hairy; inner and outer petals nearly

same length, 3.7 cm in length, elliptic, hairy. Stamen not seen. Carpidia: red

when young becoming black, stalked c.3.2 cm in length, 2 mm in diameter;

ellipsoid, 13-21 mm in diameter. Seed 1.

DISTRIBUTION : Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Berau PT. lnhutani I, Berau road to Tj. Redeb, Near Teluk Bayur, Mt. Njapa, G. Lamin, Labanan).

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY : primary forest, logged over forest, secondary

forest, burned over forest along road, Hill forest, altitude : 20-200 m. Flowering :

February, June, October, November. Fruiting : October.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kessler et al. Berau 135, 191, 325, 331, 892,

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Fig. 16. Polyalthia sumatrana A. Sepal. B. Petal

14. Polyalthia tipuliflora D.M. Johnson

[image:108.595.139.477.108.548.2]

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Treelet 3-5 m tall, trunk 5 cm in diameter. Bark smooth. Twigs 4.5-6 mm

in diameter, light brown to grey-brown, densely covered with a pale yellow to pale

brown tomentum formed of matted and twisted hairs 1.5-3 mm long. Leaves:

lamina charthaceous, oblanceolate, 36-6 cm by 11-12 cm, olive grey; base

subcordate; apex acminate; above with long hairy (2 mm)along midrib toward the

base, below surface hairy; midrib sunken above, prominent below, secondary

veins sunkenabove, prominent below, secondary veins 21-24 in pairs. Flowers

arising from woody tubercles on thrunk or leafless twigs, pedicel 5-6 mm by 2.5

mm thick at midpoint, tirsute; sepals 6.5-11,3 mm by 4.5-5.5 m at base,

triangular, caudate, densely hirsute; petals dirty-orange to orange, slightly fleshy,

filiform, sparsely pilose to glabrous in upper surface, sparsely pubescent to

glabrous below surface; outer petals 4.5-6.1 cm by 5-6 mm, acute, subauriculate

at base because of short inflexed claw; inner petals 4.2-5.9 cm by 3-3.5 mm,

acute. Stamens numerous, 2 mm in length, glabrous. Carpidia not seen.

DISTRIBUTION Borneo ( Mt. llas Bungaan) HABITAT: sand and limestone.

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[image:110.595.180.452.69.486.2]

Fig. 17. Polyalthia tipuliflora A. Flower. B. Stamen. 15.

Polyalthia

sp. A

(111)

pedicel 10

-

12 rnrn in length, hairy; sepals triangular, 5 rnm, hairy; petals elliptic, hairy, inner petals 15 mrn, outer petals 10 mrn. Stamen 2 mm in diameter.

Carpidia not seen.

DISTRIBUTION : Borneo (Berau).

HABITAT AND ECOLOGY: Secondary forest along road ca.2 km from

Labanan Altitude : 10 rn.

FIELD NOTES : Young fruits green, young leaves purple. Flowers whitish cream.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED : Kessler et al. Berau 309

NOTE: The species resembles to

P.

rumphii in flower character and

P.

dictyoneura

in twigs character.The identify of this species is still uncertain

(112)

[image:112.595.152.455.78.474.2]

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CONCLUSION

There are 15 species of Polyalthia from Berau Regency. Polyalfhia berauensis, P. cauliflora, P. dictyoneura, P. glauca, P. igniflora, P. jenkensii, P. lateriflora, P. microtus, P. oblonga, P. obliqua, P. rumphii, P. sclerophylla, P.sumatrana, P. tipuliflora, and Polyalthia sp. A. Polyalthia berauensis is proposed as a new species.

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Blume, C. L. von. 1829. FI. Jav. Anonac. 68. Bruxellis: Suntibus Librariae J. Frank.

Corner, E. C. H. 1940. Wayside Trees of Malaya. Singapore: Government Printing Office. P. 135.

Hildebrandt, F. H. 1952. Daftar Nama Pohon-Pohonan " Bulungan dan Berau" Kalimantan Timur. Dalam Laporan Balai Penyelidikan Kehutanan No. 55. Balai Penyelidikan Kehutanan Bogor.

Johnson, D. M. & Nancy A. Murray. 1999. Four New Species of Polyalthia (Annonaceae) from Borneo and Their Relationship to Polyalthia insignis. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 22 : 95

-

104.

Kessler, P.J.A. 1993. Annonaceae. In Kubitzki, K. et al.(Eds.) Fam. Gen. Vas. Plants Vol.

2.

Springer, Berlin. P. 97 -1 29.

Kessler, P. J. A. & E. C. H. van Heusden. 1993. The Annonaceae of the Balikpapan

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Samarinda Area, East Kalimantan Indonesia. Rhedeea 3:

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Kochummen, K. H. 1972. Annonaceae. In Whitmore, T.C. (Eds.)Tree Flora of Malaya. Vol. 1. Kuala Lumpur: Longman. p. 85.

Leenhouts, P.W. 1968. A Guide to the Practice of Herbarium Taxonomy. The International Bureau for Plant, Taxonomy and Nomenclature of The International Association of Plant Taxonomy, Utrecht. The Netheerland. Maxted, N. 1992. Towards defining a taxonomic revision methodology. Taxon

41(4): 653

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660.

Rifai. M.A. 1976. Sendi-Sendi Botani Sistematika. Lembaga Biologi Nasional

-

LIPI, Bogor.

Sinclair, J. 1955. A Revision of Malayan Annonaceae. Gard. Bull. Sing. 14 (2): 149

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516.

Sist, P. & A. Saridan. 1998. Description of the Primaty Lowland Forest of Berau. In Bertault, J. G. & K. Kadir (Eds.). Silvicultural Research in A Lowland Mixed Dipterocarp Forest of East Kalimantan. Jakarta: Cirad. p. 51

-

94. Vogel, E.F. de. 1987. Guideline for the Preparation of Revisions. In Vogel (ed.)