Dampak Eksploitasi HutanTerhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat

(1)

DAMPAH EKSPLOATASI HUTlkN TERHADhP PENBAPATAN MASYARAKAT

S t ~ ~ d j

Kasus Pada P i Hiltan Kinlap

di

Krebupaten Tanah l a u t

ABDUL HALIM

FAKULTAS P A S C A 5 A R l A N A

KPK I P B - U N H A S

(2)

RINGKRSAN'

A D U U L IHALIM, [Iampalc E l t s p l o a t a s i t1:utan T e r h a d a p l7en.dapalant l i l a s y a r a l < a t , S t u d i l < $ s u s P a d a P I ' kllutani I t i n t a p . d i l ( a b ~ ~ p a C . e r ~ 7 i a n a h s L a u t . K a l i m a n t a n ~ S e l a t a n : ( l l i b a w a h b i t n b i n . [ ~ ; l n l<U~SlilFiR- LItlONU M U O I K D J O , s e b ~ i g a i k e t u a , I~1U~SLlk1Ild1 MLISl:Al:i4 tian SAMTJE

I)I\EMRON'AIU s e b a c j a i a n g , g o t a ) ,

l!'u j,uan. p e n e l i . t i . a n i n i i a l a h i m e i a g . e t a h u i dampalc e k s p l o n -

t a s i h.u)t;an> d e n g a n , m e h i h a t b . e s a r n , y a l < e n a i l t a m [,en.rjapatam k a r - yawan),, p e r u b a h a n p o r i d a p a t a n . p e n d u d u l c d i s e l : i t a r n . y a , p c r ~ f b a - ilan: I t e g . i a l i ~ n . p c r o i t o n o r n i n n clan p o l a p a t ~ g h i d ~ t p a n rn;~syaral.c;~i; d i s e l c i t a r n y a , s e r t a c;urnb;ing;ln~ eltsp.lo:lt-.nrii t.tu,tan~ dalg31n men].-

b c r i k e n t a m b a h a i l . t e r h , a d a p f . ~ e r i e r i r n a a n p e n d a p n t a n dael:;ih I(a-

b u p a t e n ~ T a n a h Lau.t,

S u ~ . w . a i d i l a k . u k a m , d i b a s e camp 111 H u t a n . ICi.nL;lp S~ir1q;i.i Uarui, D.esa R s a m - a s a n l i e c a n r a t a n t Linroi-;g dtirl. D e s a :iill:anian, I<$'--

c a t n a t a n i K i n t a p I < a b u p a t e n s T'anah. I.&2.iiik I < a l i r n a n i ; a n ~ S e l a t n t ? , I - l : a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i tnenun j u k k a n i bahwa e l c s p l o a t a s i hu,tam: nr.enrberikan k e n a i k a n , t e r h a d a p p e n d a p a t a n ~ ltnryaltia~ii b e r v a r i a s j . menu.ru.t j,enis p e l c e r j a a n , dalami k . e g i a t a n i e l i s p l o a t a s j . , K e n a i - Itant p e n d a p a t a n i t r l b e r k i s a r a n t a r a Rp, G'?ri,cr[i r i . b u . s n m p a i ciengan. Np, 1. 986,3L.l z i b u . p c r 'iahun,, D e s a c n y a .rrrqlca I:.oeCi,sj.-. e n , p e l i p a t n l a ( m u , L t i p l i o r ) p u n d a p a t a n . itasyatuari b , c r d a s a n i t a n ~ La.acga k o n s t a m pnda tahurii LSD6 a d a i a l l 2.0496, i o t a l i pe?ntja-- p a t a n , r e s p o n d e n . perlejudulc d i U o s a Asam-as2in) s e r j u c l a h e k s p l a - a t a s i h u , t a n :

rata-rats

inen.galarni Itenailcan. s e l r e s a r . I? p , L lClS

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t o t a l . p e n d a p a t a n s e b e l u t n e l c s p l o a t a s i , t i . a s i L u,j.i. t s t w d e m k t e r h a d a p i p e r b . e d a a n p e n d a p a t a n i n i . m.enuntjul<kan, bah~wa p e r b e -

d a a n ~

i t u

s e c a r a s t a t i s t i k a d a l a h , n y a t a . . T o t a l t p e n . d a p a t a m pen;du.duk. d i D e s a S a l a m a n , s e s u d a h , e k s p h o a t a s i men.galamiL k.e-

nailcant s e b . e s a r Rp, 6 2 - 3 9 r i b u j ( a t a s d a s a r h a r g , a yanig, b ~ r -

l a k u : ) d i b a n s d i n g l t a n i d e n g a n , t o t a l . p e n ~ d a p a t a n , s e b e l u i ~ ~ e k s p l o -

a t a s i , H i a s i L

u ~ j i

k s t u d e n t t e r h a d a p p e ~ h e d a a n ~ p e n d a p a t a w i n d menun,jaulclcan, hahwa p e r b e d a a n ~ it u . s e c a r a s t a t . i s t i k , t i d a l c

b . e r h e d a n l y a t a ,

P e r u . b a h a n t t i n g k . a t p e n . d a p a t a n , pen.duduk. i . t w i l i e r n y a b a

m e m h e r i k a n ; p e n g a r u h , t e r h a d a p ; d i ~ t r i b u ~ s i p e n d a p a t a n ~ d i I<.&?-

d u a d.esa p e n e l i . t ; i a n c H a l i n i d i t ~ n ~ j u l t l c a n , o l e h i peruhahtarn

A n g k a G i n i , D ' i Des.a A sam-asam, s . e b e l u i n ~ e k s p l o a t a s i fi nlgka, Glini. D,37 dani s e s u . d a h : e k s p l o a t a s i 0.232, D i D e s a S a l a m a n s e b e l u m : e k s p l o a t a s i . A n.gk.a G i n i 0.22 d a n , s e s u d a h e k s p l o a t a -

s i O,L9:. D e n g a n , semak.im m e n g e ~ i l n ~ y a An,glta G'ini. i t u b e r a r p -

t h d i s t r i b u s i p e n d a p a t a n . d i k.edua d e s a m e n j a d i l e b i h , mera-

ta,

I ( e g i a t a n , e k s p l . o a t a s i h u t a r c t e l a h m e n g u b a h po2.a pen,g-

h d d u p a n , r e s p o n . d e n i p e i r d u d u k d i D e s a R _{sam-asam: menun:j,u! . p e e}

n i n . g k . a t a m u s a h a , t e t a p i p e r u h a h a n i p o l a p e n g h . i t l u p a n ~ yan'g, me-

n g a r a h . k e p a d a p e n i n , g k a t a n l u . s a h a i t u , b e l ~ i r n : nampak. d i Cliesa.

5 alamana,

I < e g i a t a n , e k s p l o a t a s i h u . t a n , den,gant l u . r a n tiasi-2. t l u t a n n y n

t e l a h m c m b e r i l t a n s u m b a n q a n , k e p a d a pen.c!rj.rnaant P e n d a p a t a n !is-.

1.L D a e r a h I ( a b u p a t e n @ lamah: Lauk selaina p e r i o d e t a h u n 1 9 8 L

-

--

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DAmPAK EI(SPLOATAS1 HZlFAN! TERHADAP PENDAPATANi MASYARAI(AT

Skudj, K a s u s P a d a

PT-

Mlu.tani I C i d a p d i Kabupateni Tanahi

Laut

K a l i m a n t a n i S e l a t a r n

A B D U L I-IALiM

N , i M 8 4 5 2 0 4 4

T e s i s s e h a q a i salat;r8 s a t u s y a r a L undu!t memperoleh g e l a e

M ' a g i s t e r S a i n s

p a d a t

(5)

J u d u l

tesis.

: DAMPAK EI(SPLDATAS1 HUrAPJ TERktADAp PENDA-

S t u d i Kasus. P a d a P'ir Hutan. K i c C a p d i Ka-

Niama m a h a s i s u a ABOUL NALIM'

dam L i n n J c ~ r n r n

f18fL$

(6)

Kary.a i n i kupersemhahkant b u a t

I b u n d a

t e r ~ i n t a

Paidj,ahr d i humi k e l a h i r a n k u XamQ

s e n a n t i a s a m e n y e r t a i . p e r l a l a n e n : s t u d i k u dengam doa,

I s t e r i t e r . c i n t a S r i W i y a t i , yang. d e n ~ g a a

t d , u s

i k h - L.as t e l a h i mengorbankam s e h a g i a n i k.ehah,aqiaamnya s e l a m a .

k.utingqalk.ani s t u d i s

Anak-anakku t e r s a y a n , g V i e t a , N u k h l i s , I r f a m dam

A r i e f s e h a g a i pendaxon;ll s e m a n g a t u n t u k . s e n a n t i a s a me-

m i n g k a t k a n i p r e s t a s i ,

Adik-adikku. N'anan, Mofid, Mu.t d a n ~ Asih, y a q

mem-

h e r i k a m doromgam semamqaC. d a l a m merrqak:biri s t u d i k u i n l i e

Hamma k e s a h a r a n y a n q mampu r n e m u b a h

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RIWAYAT HIDUP

P e n u l i s d i l a h i r l c a n p a d a t a n ~ g a l 1 0 A g u s t u s L944 d i

Sernb.er,. J a w a Tirnus.. O r a n t g , .tuan.)fa a d a l a h A chmad (Alrnarhum:) d a m P a i d j,ahie

C u L u s S e k o . l a h o R:aky a t . d i P a l e r a n i , S e r n h e r t a h u n i 135.7-

N,eLanj,u.tkam k ~ e S e l c o l a h 8 Nenen.gahi P e r t a m a d i J e r n b e r dank .XU-

l u s tahu.n! L9ti0, m e m e r u s k a n ; Ice S e k o l a h [\l:en.en;gahi EltonomL

Atas d i S e m h e c dam l u l u s t a h u n i 19.6:3, Bu3an: Sieptern,b.er 396.3.

masuk. I n , s t i t u ; t . Keguru.ani dam Tlirnu. P e n . d i d i k . a m d i PTalantg da~ai

l u l u s S a r j , a n a Flu.da P e n . d i d i k a n r J ' u r u s a n i E.konomi P e r u s a h a a m

p a d a b u i l a n A g . u s t u s 1966,. B , u l a n A q u s t u s 1 9 6 . 7 rnehan,juti<am p a d a t . i n . g j < a t . S a r j , a w a d i II<TP N a l a n i ~ dam1 l u d u s S a r j t a n a P e r r e

d i d i l t a n : S u r u s a n E konomi. P e r u s a h a a n i p a d a hu.larn A g . u s t u s l.9170~

P a d a t a h u r n 3.968. s a m p a i . d e n g a n i t a h u n ~ 4.970 m.en!j,adi Asis- t.en~. T i d a k T e t a p p a d a J u r u s a n , E k o n o m i . P e r u s a h a a n ~ d i I K I P M!a- l a n . 9 , S e j!aEc ?, Xsn$ li9.7.L d i a n i g l t a t . rnen,jadL l ' e m a g a P em1g.a jial:

7 - e t - a p p a d a l i - a l t u t l t a s l(.egu,ruam dam I l m u i P e o d i d i k a m . U:n&wersi..-

L a s Lambung Manglcurak d i . B!an.j,arrnasini s a m p a i . s e l t a r a m g ,

Ta-

huin~. 2.972 s a m p a i demganl 2 9 8 0 men j : a d i t e n a g a pen.ga j . a ~ p a d a

b , e r b a g a L P e r g u r u a n T i n g g , i . S ~ a s t a d i B : a n j , a ~ m a s i m ,

P a d a t a h u n i . L9.84. rnernasulti P r o g r a t z P e n d i d i k a m P a s c a s a c -

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KATA PEN'GANTAR

Sumbangan! e k s p l o a t a s i h u t a n . t e r h a d a p pemasul<an: d e u r i s a

n e g a r a d a l a m d a s a w a r s a t u j u b p u l u h a n i p e r n a h , menduduki po-

s i s k k e d u a s e s u d a h migas, Peman.faatani h a s i l hu:kan s e c a r a

rnakro "claahi mernherikani sumbangan y a n q b e r a r t i bag& pertuml-

buhan! ekonomi n a s i o n a l * Nlamuoa dernikiant,, apaltah, pendapatarrl

y a n g * h e s a r d a r i h i a s i l e l t s p 3 . o a t a s i hujtaw i t u . % e l a h ( d i n i k m a -

t i

p u 4 a o l e h . m a s y a r a k a t s e l t b t a r m y a -

S e r a n g k a i a n i s u r v a i t e l a h , dilalcultan! dan: h a s i l n y a d i t u -

a n ~ k a m dalam, b e n t u k . t e s i s y a n q b e r i u d u L : Darnpak- Eicsplaa-

t a s 2 . Hutani t e s h a d a p Pen.dapatani m a s ~ a r a k a t . , S t u d i l < a s u s pa-

d a PX li'u.tan~ K i n t a p d i K a b u p a t e n , T a n a h . Lauk I < a l i r n a n t a n ; S e h -

tamie

P e n u l i s menyampaik.anl t e r i m a kasil-i: k e p a d a B'apal:

D r

Ir

lCoaswardhona m u d i k d j o s e b a g a i i(edua Kornisi P e n a s i h . a k R B'a-

pale D r

Ir

Muslirnint m u s t a f a d a n ~ a'apak. D r

Br

Sarnpe Paernhanarn r n a ~ i n g ~ m a s i n i q s e b a g a i A n g g a t a !(ornisi P e n a s i l l a t , , a . t a s sega--

l a b i r n b i n . g a n ~ , s a r a r n dan; p e n g a r a h a n ) sel1in;gga t e s i s ini d a p a k

d i s e l e s a i l < a m *

K e p a d a semua f i h a k . yang! t e l a h , rnemherikane i j i n i dam; barn-

t u a n i d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n , p e n s a l i s j,c.ga men.gucaplcamt ,brims Ita-

sih,

D i s a d a r i bahwa k u l i s a n l i n i masih, i a u h , d a r i s e m p u r n a *

narnumi d e r n i k i a n a sern0g.a h a s i l - h a s i l yan,q, dituangl:an~ d a l a m

G e s i s

in&

b.erman,Caad b a g i rnerelia y a n g memerlukanrny,a,

U

j u n q , Pan.danqs, A ~ " ~ " L u s 1987

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DAFTAR I S 1

. . .

OAFTAR TABEL

. . .

DAFli-AR? GAMUAR:,

T..

PENOAHULUAN.

. . .

1, L a t a r belak.an,g,..

2, Tu:j.u,an dan: k e g u n a a n p u n e 3 L t i a n i

. . .

3, P e n , d e k a t a n ~ cnasalah,

. . .

1 . TIN3AUAN! PUSTAKA

.

La

P e n g e r t i a n t e k s p l o a C a s i i hujtarr..

3, K e g i a t a n - k e g i a - t a n d a l a m e k s p l o a k a s L

h.uitan.

. . . .

..

. . .

..

...

L.8

4, Peranan1 s u b sel<.tor k e h u t a n a r , d a l a n

pemban:gunan. n e s i o n a l dam daeratb

,

1 9

2, Perni1ih:arn r e s p o n d e n : . . . a . a . 3 0

3, TekntilG pengumpulan, d a t a

...

3 1

I V I , ICEADAAN UMUN DAEHAH PENELIPIA!J

. . .

42

L.,

Cetak. dani l u a s

...,....

4 2

3, P e n d u d u l c , .

. . .

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1-1, i < . e g i a t a m e 1 : s p l o a t a s i h c t a n ; o-

. . . .

l e h PT Hu.tan. K : i n t . a p ~

,

56

3 . 2 P e n . d a p a t a n . , . p e n g e 1 u : a r a m dani

p e l i p a % a n : p e n d a p a t a r n k.ar.yawam

5,s

3 _{F a s i l i t a s y a n Q d i . h e r i k n n i pe-}

r u s a h a a n l r

. . .

55,

L,4.,

h i n g l c a t . p e n d a p a t a n ~ dani d i s ' i r i -

husk p e i l . d a p a t a n m a s y a r a k a k , . $8;

1-5, K e h . i d u p a n . perelconomiam: u i l a y a h

s e t e l a h , e k . s p l o . a t t z s l h u t a n ;

,

I01

1 P e r u b a h a n p o l a p e n g h i d ~ ~ p a n , ma- s a y a r a k a t s e t e l a h e k s p L o u t n s E

h u t a n , .

. . .

It2

5

1-7, T a n g g a p a n 1 l n a s y a r a k a t t e r h . a d a ~ ,

e k s p l o a t a s i h u t a m

,

.

3 2 0

l , D a S u n h a n g a n i e l t s p l o a t a s i hkltani

B e r h a d a p p e n d a p a t a n , d a e r a h i , m- 3 2 2

V I , KESIN~PULAN' D A N SARAN',. s . . . 11313

(11)

DAMPAH EKSPLOATASI HUTlkN TERHADhP PENBAPATAN MASYARAKAT

S t ~ ~ d j

Kasus Pada P i Hiltan Kinlap

di

Krebupaten Tanah l a u t

ABDUL HALIM

FAKULTAS P A S C A 5 A R l A N A

KPK I P B - U N H A S

(12)

RINGKRSAN'

A D U U L IHALIM, [Iampalc E l t s p l o a t a s i t1:utan T e r h a d a p l7en.dapalant l i l a s y a r a l < a t , S t u d i l < $ s u s P a d a P I ' kllutani I t i n t a p . d i l ( a b ~ ~ p a C . e r ~ 7 i a n a h s L a u t . K a l i m a n t a n ~ S e l a t a n : ( l l i b a w a h b i t n b i n . [ ~ ; l n l<U~SlilFiR- LItlONU M U O I K D J O , s e b ~ i g a i k e t u a , I~1U~SLlk1Ild1 MLISl:Al:i4 tian SAMTJE

I)I\EMRON'AIU s e b a c j a i a n g , g o t a ) ,

l!'u j,uan. p e n e l i . t i . a n i n i i a l a h i m e i a g . e t a h u i dampalc e k s p l o n -

t a s i h.u)t;an> d e n g a n , m e h i h a t b . e s a r n , y a l < e n a i l t a m [,en.rjapatam k a r - yawan),, p e r u b a h a n p o r i d a p a t a n . p e n d u d u l c d i s e l : i t a r n . y a , p c r ~ f b a - ilan: I t e g . i a l i ~ n . p c r o i t o n o r n i n n clan p o l a p a t ~ g h i d ~ t p a n rn;~syaral.c;~i; d i s e l c i t a r n y a , s e r t a c;urnb;ing;ln~ eltsp.lo:lt-.nrii t.tu,tan~ dalg31n men].-

b c r i k e n t a m b a h a i l . t e r h , a d a p f . ~ e r i e r i r n a a n p e n d a p n t a n dael:;ih I(a-

b u p a t e n ~ T a n a h Lau.t,

S u ~ . w . a i d i l a k . u k a m , d i b a s e camp 111 H u t a n . ICi.nL;lp S~ir1q;i.i Uarui, D.esa R s a m - a s a n l i e c a n r a t a n t Linroi-;g dtirl. D e s a :iill:anian, I<$'--

c a t n a t a n i K i n t a p I < a b u p a t e n s T'anah. I.&2.iiik I < a l i r n a n i ; a n ~ S e l a t n t ? , I - l : a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i tnenun j u k k a n i bahwa e l c s p l o a t a s i hu,tam: nr.enrberikan k e n a i k a n , t e r h a d a p p e n d a p a t a n ~ ltnryaltia~ii b e r v a r i a s j . menu.ru.t j,enis p e l c e r j a a n , dalami k . e g i a t a n i e l i s p l o a t a s j . , K e n a i - Itant p e n d a p a t a n i t r l b e r k i s a r a n t a r a Rp, G'?ri,cr[i r i . b u . s n m p a i ciengan. Np, 1. 986,3L.l z i b u . p c r 'iahun,, D e s a c n y a .rrrqlca I:.oeCi,sj.-. e n , p e l i p a t n l a ( m u , L t i p l i o r ) p u n d a p a t a n . itasyatuari b , c r d a s a n i t a n ~ La.acga k o n s t a m pnda tahurii LSD6 a d a i a l l 2.0496, i o t a l i pe?ntja-- p a t a n , r e s p o n d e n . perlejudulc d i U o s a Asam-as2in) s e r j u c l a h e k s p l a - a t a s i h u , t a n :

rata-rats

inen.galarni Itenailcan. s e l r e s a r . I? p , L lClS

(13)

t o t a l . p e n d a p a t a n s e b e l u t n e l c s p l o a t a s i , t i . a s i L u,j.i. t s t w d e m k t e r h a d a p i p e r b . e d a a n p e n d a p a t a n i n i . m.enuntjul<kan, bah~wa p e r b e -

d a a n ~

i t u

s e c a r a s t a t i s t i k a d a l a h , n y a t a . . T o t a l t p e n . d a p a t a m pen;du.duk. d i D e s a S a l a m a n , s e s u d a h , e k s p h o a t a s i men.galamiL k.e-

nailcant s e b . e s a r Rp, 6 2 - 3 9 r i b u j ( a t a s d a s a r h a r g , a yanig, b ~ r -

l a k u : ) d i b a n s d i n g l t a n i d e n g a n , t o t a l . p e n ~ d a p a t a n , s e b e l u i ~ ~ e k s p l o -

a t a s i , H i a s i L

u ~ j i

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