CONTENT
I. Forest Status ... 1
Ecoregion of Indonesia ... 1
Forest Ecosystem ... 1
Forest Coverage ... 6
Forest Classification (Forest Land Use) ... 10
Deforestation ... 12
Investment of Forestry ... 19
Forest Plantation ... 20
Land Degradation ... 26
II. Seed Sources and Seed Processing ... 27
Seed Sources ... 27
Seed Collection Zone ... 27
Identified Seed Stands ... 28
Seed Production Areas (SPA) ... 29
Seed Orchards ... 29
Phenology ... 31
Seed Collection ... 34
Seed Processing of some commercial timbers in Indonesia Introduction ... 36
Current Step in Seed Processing ... 37
General methods of seed processing of several tree species ... 40
III. Nursery Establishment and Management ... 51
Advantages of Setting up a Nursery ... 51
Pointers in Nursery Site Selection ... 51
Types of Nurseries ... 52
Nursery Physical (Structural) Requirement ... 53
Production of Planting Stocks in the Nursery ... 53
IV. Plantation Establishment ... 69
Plantation Plan ... 69
Planting Site Selection ... 69
Kind of Plantation ... 71
Planting Distance (Spacing) ... 74
Dispatching of Planting Stocks ... 81
Outplanting ... 82
Direct Seeding ... 86
V. Care and Maintenance ... 88
Replanting, Weeding, Pruning and Thinning ... 88
Protection ... 91
Important Insect Pest in Plantation ... 91
Important Disease in Plantation ... 104
VI. Plantation Management ... 112
Growth, Yield and Economic Rotations of Plantation Species ... 112
Harvesting Systems and Wood Transportation of Forest Plantation in Indonesia ... 129
VII. Policies and Regulation ... 152
Land Tenure ... 152
Tax for Land Income ... 154
Loan ... 156
Central Government Incentive ... 156
Local Government Incentive ... 163
VIII. Community Forestry ... 165
Government policies towards forest dwellers ... 165
The government's community forestry program ... 166
Decentralization ... 167
Case Study ... 168
