Understanding the Basic Terms,
Defini4ons, and Background of Strategic
Planning for Informa4on Systems (SPIS)
By: Zainal A. Hasibuan
Faculty of Computer Science University of Indonesia
Session ObjecAves
•
To understand the basic terms use in
SPIS.
•
To understand the components of SPIS.
•
To understand the underlying philosophy
Agenda
• DefiniAon of SPIS
• DefiniAon of Basic Terms Use in SPIS • Reasons to have SPIS
• Requirements to Develop SPIS • Advantages of Having SPIS
DefiniAon of SPIS
• The creaAon of a strategy or direcAon for the
procurement and use of informaAon systems within an organizaAon.
• The process of idenAfying a porNolio of computer‐based applicaAons that will assist an organizaAon execuAng its business plans and realizing its business goals. Lederer & Gardiner 1992
• The means of idenAfying applicaAon systems which support and enhance organizaAonal strategy. It also
DefiniAon…..
• The process of developing a plan for the use of
Coverage of SPIS
• Long‐term plans of IS/IT based on the
organizaAon overall business objecAves.
• Organize by senior management to define the
enterprise demands of its IT.
• Defining IS/IT mission based on the enterprise’s
mission and objecAves
• Defining IT policies
• Defining business processes and informaAon
Pause….How IS/IT can support the
business goals relaAng to managing
current and future operaAons and for
obtaining compeAAve or strategic
advantage?
Basic Terms of SPIS
• Strategy • Strategic • Planning
• Strategic Planning • InformaAon
• InformaAon Systems
What is Strategy?
• An elaborate and systemaAc plan of acAon
• Long term acAon plan for achieving a goal
• We need strategy in order to be flexible to respond
rapidly to compeAAve and market changes
• CompeAAve strategy is about being different
• The essence of strategy is choosing to perform
acAviAes differently than rivals do
• Generic strategies: cost‐leadership, differenAaAon,
What is Strategic?
• Highly important to or an integral part of a
strategy or plan of acAon especially in war.
• Strategic posiAons can be based on customer’s
needs, customers’ accessibility, or the variety of a company’s products or services
What is Planning
• Planning is the acAon of anAcipaAng the
future
• IS/IT Planning is designed to counteract the
possibility the IT/IS will be implemented in a piecemeal fashion
• Three levels of planning
– Long‐term planning
– Medium‐term planning
What is strategic planning?
• Long‐term plans based on the organizaAon
overall business objecAves.
• Strategic plans are typically mulAple years (5‐10)
using scenarios or other planning methods that idenAfies assumpAon, risks, and environmental factors
• Focus on the external environment and making
InformaAon
• Manipulated from data
– Numeric
– Text
– Graphic
– Image
– Etc
What is informaAon system?
• InformaAon System is a set of interrelated
elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process), and disseminate (output) data and informaAon and provide a feedback
mechanism to meet an objecAve of organizaAon
• Confined to Computer‐based InformaAon System
• It’s a computer applicaAon to perform a certain
What is informaAon technology?
• The technology that support IS to perform
certain tasks.
• IT comprises artefacts for collecAon, storage,
disseminaAon and manipulaAon of data.
• CompuAng plaNorms used to provide
Why SPIS is Needed?
• Business opportuniAes are missed
• Systems and technology investments do not support
the business objecAves
• Lack of integraAon of systems
• IneffecAve informaAon management
• No prioriAes of IS/IT
• Resource levels are not opAmal
• IT strategy is incoherent
• Lack of understanding and commitment among
users, senior management, IS/IT specialist
SPIS Requirements
• Understanding the nature of the organizaAon, its goals and objecAves, where it is going, its culture, and how it ‘thinks’;
• Understanding the informaAon technology, what is available, how IT is changing, what the potenAal uses are;
• Understanding the informaAon needs, what informaAon flows through the organizaAon; what decisions are made as a result; how informaAon supports business processes;
• Understanding the people, what their roles are in the
organizaAon, what their objecAves and moAves are, how they implement business processes;
Other Requirements
• It requires technical and managerial
understanding;
• Planning the details and thinking holisAcally; • RaAonal, analyAcal know‐how and poliAcal
Failure to Have SPIS Will Cause….
• Missed business opportunities
• Duplicated systems exist
• IS/IT cannot support business processes
• Ad-hoc approaches
• Priorities are not based on business needs
• Incompatible systems
• Wasted resources, and underutilized resources
Session Exercises
• Describe the meaning of SPIS
• Define the coverage of SPIS
• Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of SPIS
• List 3‐5 strategies in an organizaAon you encounter and relate them to the strategic posiAon of the
organizaAon’s aim.
